Reproductive Morphology

• Flower comprised of whorls or layers

• House reproductive organs

• Attract pollinators or disperse pollen

• Develop new zygote and “prepare” it for dispersal as a seed

MONOCOT

DICOT

Basic Flower Morphology

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/img/biology/flower.jpg

Look at the two flowers you have

1. Carefully remove each of the parts

2. Lay them out in order in front of you

3. Note shape, size and appearance

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/glossary/jpeg/rayfloret.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/glossary/flower.htm&h=600&w=600&sz=29&tbnid=WZ3lvCkOHBAJ:&tbnh=133&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dflower%2Bstructure%26start%3D40%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN

Radial - free and fused petals

Bilateral Symmetry

Flower Parts - Calyx

1. leaf-like structures called sepals• spongy parenchyma• often have functional stomata• lots of vascular bundles

2. protect the flower bud

3. seldom used to attract pollinators(but can be showy)

4. usually green and tough, but a lot of variation on this theme

Flower Parts - Corolla

1. Whorls of petals

2. Leaf-like developmentally and structurally

3. Biochemically different due to presence of pigments and oils

4. Petals attractive pollinators

5. Vary in pattern, shape, color, odor, size, etc.

Flower Parts - Perianth

1. outer envelope enclosing a flower

2. made up of either:• outer calyx and

inner corolla• calyx or corolla• calyx and corolla

combined and undifferentiated from one another

Carpel = Female

Stamen = Male

Morphology of Reproductive Tissues

1. Filament• Spongy parenchyma

and epidermis with stomata

• May have waxy cuticle• At least one vascular

bundle

2. Anther• Held to filament with

connective parenchyma

• Paired microsporangia housing the gametangia

• Epidermis may have stomata

• Produces pollen

Anther

Filament

Stamen

Androecium = whorl of male reproductive tissue

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Angiosperm/Lilium/Adroecium/Mature_pollen_MC.html

Gametangia

Pollen Grains

Paired Microsporangia

Filament

•Pollen is highly variable in shape, but distinctive for species and genera

•Some kinds can persists in the fossil record allowing for reconstructing plant distributions

Gynoecium - whorl of female reproductive tissue

Stigma

Style

OvaryCarpel

1. Carpel (pistil)• More leaf-like than

stamen• Epidermis may have

functional stomata• Up to 3 vascular

bundles2. Stigma

• Receptive surface for pollen (may be wet or dry)

3. Style • 1 vascular bundle• Transmittal for

germinated pollen grain4. Ovary - contains eggs

within embryo sac

Megaspore mother cell

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Angiosperm/Lilium/Gynoecium/

Embryo Sac

Ovary

http://www.uri.edu/artsci/bio/plant_anatomy/images/146.gif

Longitudinal section of a flower Petal

Anther connected to filament

StigmaOvary

Style

Mini-Quiz : Label the Parts

http://academic.regis.edu/tnakamur/midterm%20practice/flower.jpeg

C

D

E

F

G

Mini-Quiz : Label the Parts

http://academic.regis.edu/tnakamur/midterm%20practice/flower.jpeg

A.Stigma

B.Sepal

C.Style

D.Petal

E. Anther

F. Ovary

G.Filament

C

D

E

F

G

Sperm (Gamete = n) Egg (Gamete = n)|____________________________|

|Zygote (2n)

| Mitosis

|Embryo (in seed)

|Plant (Sporophyte = 2n)

| Flower

|________________________________________________________

| | Anther (Microsporangium) Ovule (Megasporangium)

| | Meiosis Meiosis

| | Microspore (n) Megaspore (n)

| | Mitosis Mitosis

| |Pollen Grain (Microgametophyte n) Embryo Sac (Megagametophyte n)

| | Sperm (n) Egg (n)

Angiosperm Life History – Alternation of Generations

http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Biology203/lectures/flowerreproduction/image003.jpg

Correspondence between flower and fruit

http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/35/images/ch35summary.gif