Reproductive Choices - Riverside City...
45
Reproductive Choices CHAPTER 12 COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. 1
Transcript of Reproductive Choices - Riverside City...
ReproductiveChoicesCHAPTER12
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
1
ReproductiveChoicesChoosingacontraceptivemethod◦ AbouthalfofallpregnanciesintheUnitedStatesareunintended◦ Unintendedpregnanciesnearlyalwayscausestressandlifedisruptionandareassociatedwithpoorerhealthoutcomes
Communicatingaboutcontraception◦ YouandyourpartnershoulddecidetogetherhowtobestprotecteachotherfromSTDsandunintendedpregnancy
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
2
WhichContraceptiveMethodIsRightforYou?Considerationstoevaluatewhenchoosingcontraception:◦ Effectiveness◦ Cost◦ Convenience◦ Permanence◦ Safety◦ ProtectionagainstSTIs◦ Consistencywithpersonalvalues
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
3
AbstinenceAbstinenceistheonlyguaranteedmethodofpreventingpregnancyandSTItransmission
◦ Inheterosexualcoupleswhohavevaginalintercourseandusenocontraceptivemethod,85%ofthewomenwillbecomepregnantinoneyear
◦ Abstinencerequirescontrolandcommitment
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
4
HormonalContraceptiveMethodsWorkbypreventingovulationormakingitharderforspermtoreachova,uterineliningaffectedsofertilizedegglesslikelytobeimplanted
Prescribedbyahealthcareprovider
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
5
Potential sideeffects
Breast tenderness,nausea,headaches,spotting,weightgain,sexdrivefluctuation,frequentvaginalinfections,milddepression
Advantages Effective,easytouse,limitedsideeffects, reducesmenstrualcramping,ovariancysts,endometriosis,andriskofcertaincancers
Disadvantages NoprotectionagainstSTIs,minorsideeffects,moodchanges,loweredlibido,headaches
HormonalContraceptiveMethodsTypesofhormonalcontraceptivemethods◦ Birthcontrolpills:mostpopularreversibleformofcontraception
◦ Newoptionsallowwomentoskipmonthlyperiod
◦ Transdermalpatch:releaseestrogenandprogesteroneintobloodstreamviatheskin
◦ Vaginalcontraceptivering:flexibleplasticringplacedinvaginafor21days
◦ Injectablecontraceptive(Depo-Provera):progesteroneshotbyhealthcareprovidereverythreemonths
◦ Contraceptiveimplant:flexibleplasticrodthatcontainsprogesteroneinsertedunderskinoftheupperarmthatslowlyreleasehormones
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
6
SeriousSideEffectsofHormonalContraceptives
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
7
TheIUDIntrauterinedevice(IUD):◦ T-shapediteminsertedintotheuterus◦ Long-actingreversiblecontraceptive◦ Believedtoworkbyalteringtheuterineandcervicalfluidstoreducethechancethatspermwillmoveupintothefallopiantubes
◦ CopperIUDcanbeleftinplacefor10years◦ TheprogesteroneIUDcanremainfor5years◦ WomenwhochosethisbirthcontrolmethodaretaughthowtocheckthattheIUDisproperlylocated;thischeckisdonemonthly
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
8
IUDCorrectlyPositioned
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
9
BarrierMethodsPhysicallyseparatethespermfromthefemalereproductivetract
Toincreaseeffectiveness,sometimesneedaspermicide,achemicalagentthatkillssperm
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
10
Maleandfemalecondom
Latex orpolyurethane Decreases theriskofcontractinganSTI
Diaphragm Circularrubberdomeinsertedinthevaginabeforeintercourse;coversthecervixandisappliedwithspermicide
Ahealthcareprovidermustcorrectlyfitandprovideinstructionsforuse;Riskoftoxicshocksyndrome
BarrierMethods
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
11
Cervicalcap Smallcuplikerubberdevicethatcoversonlythecervix,usedwithspermicide
Ahealthcareprovidermustcorrectlyfitandprovideinstructionsforuse
Contraceptivesponge
Over-the-counterproductthatfitsoverthecervixandisusedwithspermicidetoactasabarrier
Should notbeusedduringmenstruation;maybelesseffectiveinwomenwhohavehadapregnancy;Riskoftoxicshocksyndrome
FertilityAwareness–BasedMethodsContraceptivemethodbasedonabstinence(orusingabarriercontraceptive)duringthewindowoftimearoundovulationwhenawomanismostlikelytoconceive◦ StandardDaysMethod(calculatingtheunsafedaysofovulation)
◦ Womanmusthavearegularcycle
◦ TwoDayMethod(evaluateconsistencyofvaginaldischargetopredictovulation;checkbasalbodytemperature)
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
12
FertilityAwareness–BasedMethods
13
WithdrawalWithdrawal:acontraceptivemethodinwhichthemanremoveshispenisfromthevaginabeforeejaculating◦ Successisdependentonaman’sabilitytotellwhenheisabouttoejaculateandtohavetheself-controltowithdrawwithimpendingorgasm
TheAmericanCollegeofObstetricsandGynecologydonotrecommendthismethod
Approximately18to27percentofwomenwillbecomepregnantinayear
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
14
EmergencyContraception(ECP)
•Themorning-afterpill orbackupbirthcontrol•Reduceschanceofpregnancybypreventingovulationandfertilization
•Mosteffectiveiftakenwithin48–72hoursandmustbetakenwithin5daysofunprotectedintercourse
•Usefulwhenanothermethodfails(condombreaks,ordiaphragmorcervicalcapslips)
•Willnotcausetheterminationofanexistingpregnancyandisnotanabortogenic (notabortion-causing)
•Usefulincasesofforcedsex—rapeandincest
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
15
SterilizationAsurgicalprocedurethatpermanentlypreventsfuturepregnancies
◦ Vasectomy:malesterilizationprocedure,involvingtyingoffandseveringthevasdeferenstopreventspermfromreachingthesemen
◦ Tubal ligation:femalesterilizationprocedureinvolvingseveringandtyingofforsealingthefallopiantubestopreventovafromreachingtheuterus
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
16
Vasectomy
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
17
TubalLigation
18
UnintendedPregnancyItisimportanttoseeyourphysicianorhealthproviderassoonaspossibletodiscussoptions
◦ Carrythepregnancytotermandraisethechild
◦ Carrythepregnancytotermandplacethechildwithanadoptivefamily
◦ Terminatethepregnancy
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
19
SignsofPregnancyPriortotheclassicsignofpregnancy—missingaperiod—thereareothers:
◦ Breasttendernessandswelling,fatigue,nauseaandvomiting,light-headednessormoodswings
Ararecomplicationofearlypregnancyisectopicpregnancy
◦ Signsofectopicpregnancyareseverelowerabdominalpainorcramping;vaginalspotting
◦ Anectopicpregnancyisapotentiallylife-threateningcondition
◦ Ifyouexperiencethesesigns,seeyourphysicianorgototheemergencyroomimmediately
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
20
DecidingtoBecomeaParentAreyoureadytobecomeaparent?Herearesomequestionstoconsider:
◦ Whatareyourlong-termplans?
◦ Whatisthestatusofyourrelationship?
◦ Areyouemotionallymatureenough?
◦ Howareyourfinances?
◦ Howlargeisyoursocialsupportsystem?
◦ Whatisyourhealthstatusandage?
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
21
AdoptionAdoptionprovidesapermanentfamilyforachildinneed
◦ Open adoption:biologicalparentschooseadoptiveparents
◦ Closed adoption:biologicalparentsdonotchooseparents
Allformsofadoptionrequireboth biologicalparentstorelinquishallparentalrights
Forcoupleswantingtoadopt,internationaladoptionsarebecomingincreasinglypopularinAmerica
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
22
ElectiveAbortionSince1973,electiveabortionhasbeenlegalintheUnitedStates;Roev.Wade
◦ Somerestrictionsapplyasthepregnancyadvancesthroughthreetrimesters
Thedebateoverabortionisoneofthemosthighlychargedpoliticalissuesofourtime
Thelowestratesofabortionoccurincountrieswhereabortionislegalandthehighestrateswhereitisillegal
Fifty-ninepercentofwomenhavinganabortionhaveoneormorechildrenalready
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
23
ElectiveAbortionVoluntaryterminationofapregnancy
◦ Surgical:surgicalremovalofthecontentsoftheuterustoterminatethepregnancy
◦ Vacuumaspirationismostcommonmethod
◦ Medical:useofapharmaceuticalagenttoterminatethepregnancy
◦ Mifepristone(formerlyknownasRU-486)
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
24
Infertility:CausesLowspermcount
Poorspermmobility
Obstructionoffallopiantubes◦ STI◦ Endometriosis
Lackofovulation
Abnormalitiesinthecervicalmucusoranatomy
Unknowncauses
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
25
Infertility:TreatmentOptionsSurgery
Fertilitydrugs
Intrauterineinsemination
Invitrofertilization:◦ Gameteintrafallopiantransfer◦ Zygoteintrafallopian transfer
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
26
PregnancyandPrenatalCareEventsandconditionsduringpregnancyinfluencethechild’sdevelopmentthroughoutlife
Pregnancyplanning
◦ Thebesttimetohaveachildisinfluencedbymanyfactors:educationalandcareerplans,relationshipstatus,healthissues,andothers
◦ Theleasthealthriskoccurswhenwomenhavepregnanciesbetweentheageof18and35
◦ Malefertilityalsodeclineswithage
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
27
PregnancyandPrenatalCarePrepregnancycounselingtypicallyincludesanevaluationof:
◦ Currenthealthstatus
◦ Healthbehaviors
◦ Familyhealthhistory
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
28
PregnancyandPrenatalCare
Nutritionandexercise
◦ Preconceptionhealthylifestylefactorshelpensurerequirednutrientsavailable
◦ Foodborneinfectionscanhavemoreseriouseffectsinpregnantwomen;avoidunpasteurizedfoods,softcheese,andraworsmokedseafood
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
29
PregnancyandPrenatalCareWomenshouldbeup-to-dateonroutinevaccinationsbefore pregnancy
◦ EspeciallyimportantarevaccinationsforrubellaandhepatitisB
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
30
PregnancyandPrenatalCareMedicationsanddrugs:
◦ Mostsubstancesthemotheringestseventuallyreachthefetus
◦ Tobaccoandalcoholarethemostcommonlyuseddrugsduringpregnancy
◦ Illicitdrugshaveavarietyofeffectsonafetus,dependingonthechemicalactionofthedrug
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
31
PregnancyandPrenatalCareRegularhealthcareprovidervisits
◦ Midwivesusuallytakepatientswhoareatlowriskformedicalorpregnancycomplications
◦ Yourfamilyphysicianmayprovidepregnancy-relatedcare,andsomedeliverbabiesinbirthingcentersorhospitals
◦ Obstetriciansaretrainedtohandleallkindsofpregnancies,fromlowrisktohighrisk
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
32
ComplicationsofPregnancyApproximately15–50%ofallpregnanciesendinmiscarriage,mostduringthefirsttrimester
Gestationaldiabetes occursinsomewomenmidwaythoughtthepregnancy◦ Womenwithgestationaldiabetesareadvisedtoexercise,controltheirdiet,andmonitorglucoselevels
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
33
ComplicationsofPregnancyPreeclampsia:dangerousconditioncharacterizedbyhighbloodpressure,fluidretention,possiblekidneyandliverdamage,andpotentialfetaldeath
◦ Signsincludefacialswelling,headaches,blurredvision,nausea,andvomiting
◦ Canprogresstoeclampsia,apotentiallylife-threateningconditionmarkedbyseizuresandcoma
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
34
ComplicationsofPregnancyComplicationsofpregnancyforthechild◦ Approximately1.2%ofallpregnanciesendininfantdeath
◦ Halfofthesedeathsoccurbeforethefetusisborn◦ 80%occurbeforethe28thweek
◦ Afterthebirth,theleadingcauseofdeatharepretermbirth,lowbirthweight,andSIDS
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
35
FetalDevelopmentWithin30minutesoffertilizationthesingle-celledfertilizedovum(zygote)startstodivide
Week2toweek8isembryonicperiod,formationofembryo,placenta,andamnioticsac
Byweek8,allmajorbodysystemsandorgansarepresentinrudimentaryform
By16weeks,mothercanfeelfetalmovements
At26weeks,eyesareopen,andat30weeksalayeroffatbeginsformingundertheskin
Fetushasexcellentchanceofsurvivalat36weeks;fulltermoccursat38weeks
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
36
FetalDevelopment
37
DiagnosingProblemsinaFetusAbout5%ofbabiesbornintheUnitedStateshaveabirthdefect
Severaltestshavebeendevelopedtodetectabnormalitiesinafetuspriortobirth◦ Ultrasound◦ Chromosomalanalysis
◦ Chorionicvillussampling(CVS)◦ Amniocentesis
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
38
LaborandDeliveryLaborbeginswhenhormonalchangesinthefetusandthemothercausestronguterinecontractions
Earlyfirststage:cervixthinsandbeginstoopenSecondstage:babymovesdownwardthroughthepelvis,cervix,andintothevagina;heademerges,followedbytheshouldersandbodyThirdstage:contractionscontinue,andplacenta(afterbirth)isexpelled
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
39
LaborandDelivery
40
NewbornScreeningBabiesareevaluatedatbirthtodeterminewhethertheyrequireanymedicalattentionorwillneeddevelopmentalsupportlater
TheApgarscaleisusedasaquickmeasureofthebaby’sphysicalcondition
Mostbabiesarepronouncedhealthyandtakenhomewithin24to48hoursofbirth
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
41
ThePostpartumPeriodThefirstfewweeksormonthsofparenthoodareaperiodofprofoundadjustmentasparentslearnhowtocarefortheirnewborn
Issuesforthenewbornthatdeserveattentioninclude:
◦ Growthandnutrition,illnessandvaccinations,adjustmentandattachment
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
42
ThePostpartumPeriodAbout13%ofwomenexperiencedepressioninthefirstyearaftergivingbirth
◦ Canbeduetohormonechanges,brokensleeppatterns,self-doubt,asenseoflossofcontrol,andchangesinsupportsystems
◦ Cancontributetofeelingsofsadness,restlessness,lossofinterest,guilt,difficultyfocusing,andwithdrawal
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
43
ClassActivity
ShouldtheU.S.ProvidePaidFamilyLeaveAftertheBirthofaChild?
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
44
WrapUpWhatarethecommonlyavailablecontraceptivemethods?
Whataretheoptionsintheeventofunintendedpregnancy?
Whataretheoptionswhenacouplecannotconceive?
Whatarethebasicsofprenatalcare?
Whathappensduringprenataldevelopment?
Whathappensduringlaboranddelivery?
Whatconcernsariseduringthepostpartumperiod?
COPYRIGHT © 2015 MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF MCGRAW-HILL EDUCATION.
45
