Representation and decision making in politics
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Bridget Harris, Leadership Consultant, August 2009
representationequality
diversity
YWALM and Interaction
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• politicians• board members• doctors
What is representation?
... people making decisions on our behalf
• journalists• campaigners• parents
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Different decision makers...
• doctors• parents
• trustees• campaigners
trustee
descriptive
• politicians• journalists
mandate
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Competence, confidenceKnowledge, educationManagement skills
competence
versus
direct experience
Visionary?Communicator?Fixer?
representatives
same experiencesshared interests
same constraints
Gender?Race?
Age?
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three models
• trustee: because I'm better than you
• mandate: because you've told me what to do
• descriptive: because I'm like you
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does representationwork?
"the rights and interests of every (or any) person
are only secure from being disregarded when the person interested is
himself able, and habitually disposed, to stand up for them"
(John Stuart Mill)
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a test for good representation...
...are you going to be personally affected by the decision you are making on behalf of others?
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How does descriptiverepresentation work?
you are always directly involved
• direct democracy (5th Century BC Athens)
• referenda• local groups• participatory budgeting• community empowerment
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How does descriptiverepresentation work?
you are randomly selected
• juries• opinion polls• focus groups• surveys
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How does descriptiverepresentation work?
you elect individual or different groups
• electoral system (pr)• quotas• electoral boundaries• devolution
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Does descriptive representation make a
difference?
• reactions of the represented
• policy outcomes
• legitimacy and symbolism
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• party political, ideologies, selection systems
• individual circumstances, opportunities, status, confidence
barriers to entry
• the system, institutions, processes
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Examples from UK
overcoming barriers:
systemic
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overcoming barriers:
party politics
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overcoming barriers:
individuals
www.beacouncillor.org.uk
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Question:
Do men need to be more like women, or women need to be more like men in order to
achieve equality?
A question of equality..?