Repository Design · IMO Resolution A.893(21) Circular Guidelines or unified interpretation...

1

Grant

Agreement

Number:

321606

Theme:

SST.2012.5.2-

6

Deliverable No

and Name: D2.1:

Library Design

Due

date of

deliverable:

28/02/2015

D2.1 – Repository Design

2

Actual submission date: 14/05/2015

Nature: R/P

Dissemination Level: RE

Project full title: A European Maritime e-Compliance Cooperation Model

Project acronym: e-Compliance

Start date of project: 01/06/2013

Duration time: 36 months

Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: TMS

Contributing Partners: BMT, MTK

Revision (v1)

Project co-funded by the European commission within

the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013)

Dissemination Level

RE Restricted to a group specified by

the consortium (including the

Commission

Version History

Version Date Author Organization Description

1 13/03/2014

Marjorie

Seizou

TMS Skeleton document: executive summary + ToC

+ summary of the points to address

2 25/07/2014

Marjorie

Seizou

TMS Update: tasks description

3 14/01/2015

Marjorie

Seizou

TMS Update: dataset description + Semantic

enrichment of regulations (prototype 1)

4 31/01/2015

Marianne

Hagaseth

MTK Dataset description

5 02/02/2015

Philipp

Lohrmann

BMT Semantic enrichment of regulations (prototype

2)

6 14/04/2015

Marjorie

Seizou

TMS Annotation resources description + regulatory

workflow

7 01/05/2015 Philipp

Lohrmann

BMT Final version for review

8 14/05/2015 Philipp

Lohrmann

BMT Final reviewed version

3

Contents

Version History .............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3

1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

3. Dataset .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1. Dataset coverage ................................................................................................................. 6

3.2. Types of documents and layout ............................................................................................. 7

3.3. Demonstration dataset description ...................................................................................... 24

3.4. Document formatting: the TMX format ................................................................................ 28

4. Semantic Enrichment of Regulations .................................................................................................................. 29

4.1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 29

4.2. Regulatory workflow description .......................................................................................... 30

4.3. Database schema ............................................................................................................... 30

4.4. Annotation components ...................................................................................................... 37

4.5. Annotation workflow – Luxid® ............................................................................................ 77

5. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................... 81

Annexes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Annex 1: Dataset References ......................................................................................................... 82

Annex 2: TEMIS information extraction approach ............................................................................ 90

Annex 3: Thesaurus ...................................................................................................................... 98

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1. Executive Summary

This deliverable constitutes the output of Task 2.1, which aims to design and populate the e-Compliance

digital library (also referred as the e-Compliance Knowledge Base) with maritime regulations and

meaningful metadata and annotations, as well as create the regulatory workflow to automatically enrich,

store and retrieve those regulations.

This work, together with the outputs of Task 3.1 (Creation Services) forms the basis for the e-Compliance

Creation System and addresses Use Cases 1 and 2 as described in Deliverable 1.1.

In this deliverable, we present the choice of regulations that are included in the library. The areas

covered are international regulations (IMO and EU), national laws (French and Spanish regulations) as

well as local rules (port bye-laws from Barcelona and Marseille). The documents in question are written in

English, French and Spanish, highlighting the multi-lingual aspect of the technology. For each of the

regulations in question, we explain in detail how the documents are structured and which metadata is

captured.

In addition, we explain how semantic technology will be used to enrich the raw texts and to extract

knowledge from them. This approach relies heavily on the semantic tools (thesaurus and ontology) that

have been created in the course of the project. We explain in detail how this process works, which

formats are used and which type of information can be extracted.

In summary, we present a regulatory workflow that starts with a regulation in raw text and ends with a

computer-readable instance in the e-Compliance ontology which captures the content of the regulation.

Whenever possible, we illustrate the steps in this process with concrete examples taken from SOLAS and

MARPOL.

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2. Introduction

The e-Compliance digital library forms one of the pillars of the e-Compliance system, as it is the database

containing the documents which may be returned in response to a query and which will store newly

created regulations. We consider legislative and regulatory acts about maritime law, which are issued by

different bodies at different levels (IMO, EU, French and Spanish governments and Marseille and

Barcelona regions and ports) in one or more of the three languages of interest - English, Spanish or

French. We do not consider a priori the acts in the process of being drawn up in the Creation Tool.

This document is structured as follows. In Chapter 3, we list regulations that will be included in the

dataset. We briefly present the characteristics of each type of regulation, give the appropriate XML

schema and list the available metadata.

In Chapter 4, we explain in detail the semantic enrichment process. We present the purpose and scope of

the process and the resulting output. We explain the regulatory workflow that starts with a regulation in

raw text and produces an instance of the ontology that captures the content of the regulation. In

particular, we explain in technical detail how two dedicated Skill Cartridges (both based on the e-

Compliance thesaurus) are used to extract meaning from text and make it available in a machine-

readable output format.

Chapter 5 provides the conclusions of the document.

6

3. Dataset

3.1. Dataset coverage

In order to address and demonstrate the use cases 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (for more information, please refer to

the D1.1 “Stakeholder Requirement Analysis”), we defined and gathered legislative and regulatory acts

about maritime law issued at different levels - supranational (EU), international (IMO), national (Spain

and France) and port (Barcelona and Marseille), and for three languages - English, Spanish and French.

So far, the library contains all the regulations which have been issued by the IMO (from Flagship

repository and IMO-Vega database1), some directives, decisions and regulations from the EC as listed in

the D1.1, some codes and decrees from the French legislation about maritime ports and labour, some

royal decrees from the Spanish government, and finally some bye-laws from both ports of Barcelona and

Marseille.

Source Lang Level Content #UC

IMO

Regulations

(IMO-Vega)

En International IMO conventions (SOLAS, MARPOL, …) and

codes (ISM, …) – both consolidated and

amended versions

1, 2, 4, 5

EU

Maritime

Legislation

En, Fr

Es

Supranational EC directives, decisions and regulations as

listed in the D1.1 – Annex III – only

consolidated versions

1, 2, 4

French

regulations

Fr National –

France

French codes about Maritime ports and labour,

decree about port waste management

1, 2, 4

Spanish

regulations

Es National -

Spain

Spanish decrees and ordinances on Maritime

ports

1, 2, 4

Barcelona

bye-laws

Es Local (Port) Local regulations about reporting procedures 2, 3

Marseille

bye-laws

Fr Local (Port) Local regulations about navigation and

transport of dangerous goods

2, 3

The complete list of references is shown in Annex 1 - Dataset references.

1 http://www.imo.org/Publications/Pages/IMO-Vega.aspx

http://www.imo.org/Publications/Pages/IMO-Vega.aspx

7

Figure 1: View of the dataset references list

3.2. Types of documents and layout

The following table lists the different types of documents gathered in the e-Compliance library:

Level Type Description Example

International

level (IMO)

Code Normally recommendatory unless it

is made mandatory under the

provisions of a Convention.

ISM Code

Convention Written agreement between the

IMO and member states, potentially

referencing as annex the code it

applies.

SOLAS 1974

Protocol Instrument used by the IMO to

introduce amendments to

conventions, which are already

adopted but not yet entered into

force.

SOLAS 74/78

Resolution Finalised documents resulting from

an agreement on a

recommendation or amendment.

IMO Resolution A.893(21)

Circular Guidelines or unified interpretation MSC-MEPC.6/Circ.6

8

on how to implement resolutions or

protocols

Supranational

level (EU)

Directive Legislative act that sets out a goal

that all EU countries must achieve.

However, it is up to the individual

countries to decide how to

implement it.

Directive 2003/25/EC

Decision Binding act on those to whom it is

addressed (e.g. an EU country or

an individual company) and is

directly applicable.

2010/769/EU

Regulation Binding legislative act which must

be applied in its entirety across the

EU.

Commission Regulation (EC) No

536/2008

Recommendation Non binding act, which allows the

institutions to make their views

known and to suggest a line of

action without imposing any legal

obligation on those to whom it is

addressed.

National level Ordinance Non-codified instrument issued by

the government which have the

force of law, often used for

transposing EU Directives into the

national law

RD1795/2008

Decree Non-codified instrument issued by

the executive branch which have

the force of law, often used for


national law

FOM 1194/2011

Order Non-codified instrument issued by

administrations which have the

force of law, often used for


national law

Code des Douanes

Code Regulatory instrument, made of a

set of regulations adopted by the

government.

Arrêté préfectoral ZMFR et ses

annexes - janvier 2012

Local level

(Port)

Documentation Guidelines derived from the

different regulations applicable to a

particular port to detail the

necessary procedures

Marseille Port Information Guide

Bye-law Specific regulations applicable to

and issued by a particular port.

Procedimiento Integrado de Escalas

en el Puerto de Barcelona

(PIDE_v20)

9

Each type of document is described hereafter in terms of layout and documentary metadata.

3.2.1. IMO legal acts

3.2.1.1. IMO Circulars

Circulars are guidelines or unified interpretation on how to implement resolutions or protocols. The first

paragraphs of a circular introduce the subject and the application details, whereas the

guidelines/interpretation are given in the annex.

Figure 2 : MSC.1/Circ.1416 (13 June 2012) on « UNIFIED INTERPRETATION OF SOLAS REGULATIONS II-1/28 AND

II-1/29 »

The following table presents the XML structure for this type of document:

Documentary unit Circular as a whole

Layout (zones) Title

Subtitle

Content (“Regulation”)

Document metadata Applicability metadata (IMO-Vega):

/Metadata/odat

/Metadata/EffectivenessDate

/Metadata/ExpirationDate

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/Metadata/TradingSpecification

/Metadata/Flag

/Metadata/Topic

/Metadata/Certificate

/Metadata/Ship

/Metadata/Port

/Metadata/Cargo

/Metadata/Deadweight/Max

/Metadata/Deadweight/Min

/Metadata/GrossTonnage/Max

/Metadata/GrossTonnage/Min

/Metadata/Length/Max

/Metadata/Length/Min

/Metadata/Passengers/Max

/Metadata/Passengers/Min

Document metadata:

/Metadata/Index

/Metadata/SerialNo

/Metadata/Instrument

/Metadata/srcf

3.2.1.2. Resolution

A resolution is the finalised document resulting from an agreement on a recommendation or amendment

and making it official.

The first part is the preamble, starting by the naming of the adopting institution/body, followed by a list

of citations/recitals and a numbered list of statements officialising the adoption of an amendment. The

text adopted is then added to the resolution as an annex.

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Figure 3: RESOLUTION MSC.172(79) (adopted on 9 December 2004) on « ADOPTION OF AMENDMENTS TO THE

PROTOCOL OF 1988 RELATING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOAD LINES, 1966 »

The following table presents the XML structure for this type of document:

Documentary unit Resolution as a whole


Subtitle



/Metadata/odat




/Metadata/Flag

/Metadata/Topic


12

/Metadata/Ship

/Metadata/Port

/Metadata/Cargo









Document metadata:

/Metadata/Index

/Metadata/SerialNo


/Metadata/srcf

3.2.1.3. Convention and code

Codes and conventions compile collections of regulations on a particular matter, organised by chapters

relating to specific aspects of the subject. Whereas a convention is mandatory and is a written agreement

between the IMO and member states, a code is generally recommendatory (unless it is made mandatory

under the provisions of a Convention).

Each chapter can be subdivided into parts, as regulations into several paragraphs and sub-paragraphs

(generally numbered).

13

Figure 4: Chapter V, Regulation 24 on "Use of heading and/or track control systems, SOLAS 1974

Documentary unit Regulation


Subtitle



/Metadata/odat




/Metadata/Flag

/Metadata/Topic


/Metadata/Ship

/Metadata/Port

/Metadata/Cargo








14


Document metadata:

/Metadata/Index

/Metadata/SerialNo


/Metadata/srcf

3.2.1.4. IMO Protocols

A protocol is an instrument used by the IMO to introduce amendments to conventions, which are already

adopted but not yet entered into force. Generally, protocols address the following points:

- When does the protocol comes into force

- How is the process of the ratification

- How is the process of the acceptance of amendments

- The definitions used in the protocol

- The possible exemptions for a flag State

- Which specific ship has to follow which regulation.

- The surveys, the certification and the role of the port State

- The layouts of certificates can be found in the protocol.

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Figure 5: Protocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, Article I General

Obligations

Documentary unit Article/Regulation


Subtitle



/Metadata/odat




/Metadata/Flag

/Metadata/Topic


/Metadata/Ship

/Metadata/Port

16

/Metadata/Cargo









Document metadata:

/Metadata/Index

/Metadata/SerialNo


/Metadata/srcf

3.2.2. EU legal acts

The EU legal acts that are relevant to e-Compliance are Regulations, Directives, Decisions and

Recommendations. These legal acts are defined by the Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the

European Union2 as follows:

To exercise the Union's competences, the institutions shall adopt regulations, directives, decisions,

recommendations and opinions.

A regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all

Member States.

A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is

addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods.

A decision shall be binding in its entirety upon those to whom it is addressed.

Recommendations and opinions shall have no binding force.

All these legal acts follow the same structure:

2 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=EN

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT&from=EN

17

Figure 6 : Structure of a legal act (Source : http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-120000.htm)

Articles may be grouped in ‘parts’, ‘titles’, ‘chapters’ and ‘sections’3.

Articles may be subdivided into paragraphs, subparagraphs, points, indents and sentences.

Paragraphs may be unnumbered or numbered with arabic numerals and may contain points or indents,

which may be preceded by a dash.

3 http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-120700.htm

http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-120000.htm

http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-120700.htm

18

Figure 7 : EC Directive 2009/15/EC of 23 April 2009 on common rules and standards for ship inspection and survey

organisations and for the relevant activities of maritime administrations (in French)

The XML structure is as follows:

Documentary unit Legal act as a whole


Preamble

Article_X

Signatories

Annex_X

Appendice_X

Document metadata /Metadata/Index

/Metadata/Source


/Metadata/PublicationDate

3.2.3. National and Local Law: Civil Law Acts in France and Spain

3.2.3.1. Non-codified instruments : ordinances, decrees and orders

In countries of civil law tradition, as in Spain and France, ordinances (issued by the government), decrees

(issued by the executive branch) and orders (issued by administrations) are subtypes of regulations, i.e.

non-codified instruments which have the force of law.

19

Among others, there are often used for transposing EU Directives into the national law, by which an

European Union's member states give force to a directive by passing appropriate implementation

measures.

Likewise European legal acts, the layout of a decree is the following:

- preambule with citations and recitals

- chapters of articles or articles

- signatories

- annexes/appendices

Figure 8: Royal decree 1795/2008 of 3 november 2008, regulating liability for pollution damages caused by vessel

fuel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)

20


Documentary unit Ordinance/Decree/Order as a whole


Preamble

Article_X or Chapter_X

Signatories

Annex_X

Appendice_X


/Metadata/Source



3.2.3.2. Codified instruments: Codes

A code is a regulatory instrument, made of a set of regulations adopted by the government. Those

regulations, or articles, are divided into parts and subparts (part, book, title, chapter, section), and

articles may be divided into several paragraphs or indents. They can also be followed by annexes.

Figure 9 : French code on Maritime ports, Article R*122-1

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The XML structure is the following:

Documentary unit Article


History

Content (article)


/Metadata/Source



3.2.4. Port Law: Ports Acts in France and Spain

3.2.4.1. Port Bye-laws

Port bye-laws are specific regulations applicable to and issued by a particular port. Articles are generally

divided into more or fewer parts and subparts, as a national code. Articles may be subdivided into

paragraphs and subparagraphs.

22

Figure 10: Articles from the Marseille Port byelaw regarding the transport and handling of hazardous materials




Content (article)


/Metadata/Source



23

3.2.4.2. Port Documentation

Port documentations are guidelines derived from the different regulations applicable to a particular port.

It may detail procedures that are in place between the various stakeholders involved in vessel reporting

and short descriptions of information elements that are included in the reporting under these procedures

(documents, forms etc.).

Figure 11: Marseille Port information guide




Content (article)

24


/Metadata/Source



3.3. Demonstration dataset description

We present here the dataset chosen for the use-cases demonstration purposes.

3.3.1. The SOLAS Convention

The SOLAS convention (International convention for the Safety of life at Sea, 1974) consists of 14

chapters including the Polar Code to be adapted in 2016. Two of the chapters are divided into two sub-

parts, that is, II-1 and II-2, and also XI-1 and XI-2. Each chapter may consist of two or more parts,

named Part A, Part B etc. Each of these parts consists of a variable number of Regulations numbered

from 1 onwards. Some chapters do not have any Parts at all. Instead, each chapter is divided into a

number of Regulations directly. The regulation text can be plain text with no structure. However, most

regulations are structured text including lists and sub-lists at several (variable number of) levels. Often,

some text that describes all the items in the list is added right before the list. The lists are sometimes

marked with letters (a, b, c etc.) and sometimes with numbers.

The SOLAS convention is mandatory for all flag states that have ratified it. Some flag states have ratified

older versions of the SOLAS convention, but not the newest one.

The SOLAS is divided into chapters:

Chapter 2 is for construction/structure

Chapter 2,3 and 5 is for safety equipment and navigation

Chapter 4 is for the radio communication

Chapter 9 to 11-1 is the ISM Code

Chapter 11-2 is the ISPS Code

Chapter 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 are concerned by safety measures for tankers, bulk, ships with dangerous

cargo, nuclear ships, high speed ships

Appendices contain SOLAS certificates templates

25

Figure 12: SOLAS as represented in the IMO Vega database

SOLAS makes several codes mandatory:

- mandatory ISM code

- (comply with) ISPS code

- mandatory high speed craft code

- (comply with) IMSBC code (for solid bulk carriers)

- (comply with) IMDG code

- LSA code the SOLAS does a referral on every topic in her text to this code

3.3.2. The MARPOL Convention

MARPOL is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment

by ships from operational or accidental causes. It was first adopted by IMO in 1973. It has later been

updated through several amendments, and since 2005 it has consisted of six annexes. Each annex

consists of several chapters. Some of the annexes have the following chapters: definitions, application,

exceptions, exemptions, equivalents. Other chapters have a different organization.

26

Part II-A of the Polar Code will be adopted by IMO as amendments to various MARPOL annexes, possibly

during 2015. The Marine Environment Protection Committee in IMO has approved draft amendments to

MARPOL Annexes I (prevention of pollution by oil from ships), II (noxious liquid substances), IV (sewage)

and V (garbage) to bring the Polar Code (the Polar Code introduction and the corresponding chapters in

part II-A of the Polar Code) into force under those MARPOL annexes.

The MARPOL annexes cover the following topics:

i. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil

ii. Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

iii. Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form

iv. Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships

v. Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships

vi. Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

Figure 13: MARPOL as represented in the IMO Vega database

3.3.3. The POLAR Code

The polar code will be part of the SOLAS and MARPOL conventions. The code will be kept as a separate

document, but it will be anchored in SOLAS and MARPOL to make it mandatory. The Polar Code (the new

chapter 14 in SOLAS) will consist of only four regulations describing:

1) Relevant definitions

2) Applicability of the chapter

3) Links to the actual requirement text. This will be added as an annex to the SOLAS convention.

4) Description of the cases where alternative design and arrangements can be used instead of

the requirements from the previous item.

27

Only Part I-A (safety measures) and Part I-B (additional guidance regarding the provisions of the

introduction and Part I-A) of the Polar Code will be added to SOLAS. The Polar Code Part II-A and Part II-

B will be added to MARPOL since they deal with pollution prevention measures. Part I-A will be made

mandatory, while Part I-B will be a guideline (optional).

Part I-A of the Polar code is described as a goal-based regulation with some alternative regulations,

instead of as being prescriptive regulation. It consists of 12 chapters, where the first chapter contains

definitions and an outline of the rest of the chapters. The other eleven chapters are all organised into

three sub-chapters:

1) Goal (2.1 through 12.1)

2) Functional Requirements (2.2 through 12.2)

3) Regulations (2.3 through 12.3): Some of these regulations contains more details of the

functional requirements, while others describe that the administration (the flag state) can decide

whether a ship is compliant with this regulation or not.

Part I-B contains guidelines for each of the chapters in Part I-A, including: More definitions, guidelines for

various processes, recommendations on the content of the polar water operational manual etc.

Figure 14: Header of the Polar Code

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3.4. Document formatting: the TMX format

The TMX format (for TEMIS Medatada in XML) is the structured input natively interpreted by the TEMIS

software tools. TMX carries structured information that may be used by the annotation process:

• Document identifier

• Document zones: Title, Abstract, etc.

• Metadata: Journal, Authors, etc.

Figure 15 : Sample example of a minimal document in TMX format

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4. Semantic Enrichment of Regulations

4.1. Purpose

The aim of the enrichment process is to populate the e-Compliance ontology and indexing regulations

with relevant documentary metadata and semantic annotations for supporting the following

functionalities:

– Searching and browsing regulations

– Suggesting similar regulations

– Automatically deriving rules from regulations

– Checking the validity and applicability of a rule

– Checking for consistency and overlaps in current and newly created regulations

To do so, it is necessary to identify the relevant pieces of information which make up a rule

– Publication information (i.e. authority, instrument, publication date, amendments, …) and

document parts (i.e. title, paragraphs, notes, …)

– Scope of the rule (i.e. the geographical area concerned, the application date, the ship

types affected, its applicability in new or existing vessels, the conditions, …)

– The ensued restrictions and/or requirements (i.e. reporting formalities and certificates,

declaring party)

If we take the example of the Regulation 9 from the Annex 1 Chapter 2 of MARPOL, the goal is to

transform the regulation from the raw format into machine readable but also understandable rules and

store them in the ontology which can be seen as an “input form” with property fields to fill in:

30

Figure 16: Illustration on the MARPOL I/04, Chapter 2, Regulation 9 – from the raw regulation to the populated

ontology

4.2. Regulatory workflow description

As previously introduced in D1.5 (Services and Tools Specifications) and D2.3 (Architecture), the e-

Compliance library development consists of two main prototypes: the first one is based on Luxid

repository technology, whereas the second one is based on an ontology framework. In both cases, the

Luxid semantic annotation service is used to automatically enrich and normalise indexing metadata for

existing regulations and newly created ones, relying on annotation resources, also named “Skill

Cartridges” (SC), which leverage the e-Compliance termino-ontological resource (TOR). Then, according

to the database technology framework, dedicated access and search services are used.

The following schema sums up the overall process, from the annotation and normalisation of regulations

to their storage and indexing into the two different databases:

Figure 17: Regulatory workflow

4.3. Database schema

4.3.1. Prototype I: Luxid Repository

The first prototype of the e-Compliance regulatory database (library) is based on Luxid repository

technology, in which both regulations and their indexing metadata (structural metadata and semantic

annotations coming from the annotation service) will be stored in order to support the search and browse

functionalities from Luxid. Using these services, stakeholders can perform search queries by using:

● Keywords - full text search

31

● Concepts (terms from the thesaurus and ontology objects instances)

● Specific metadata value (e.g. particular ship class)

Alongside a web service, a user interface for browsing regulations and performing direct searches is

provided with the following functionalities:

● Semantic facets that enable multi-dimensional navigation within regulations

● Highlighting and definition of concepts within the text, to enhance the regulation reading and

interpretation

● Hyperlinks between regulations, articles, clauses, certificates, procedures and checklists.

These services rely on a Luxid repository, which has a specific schema. In the following, we will present

what information is stored and describe how it is stored.

NB: for more information about the Luxid architecture, please refer to the Appendix 10.1 of the

deliverable D2.3 “Architecture”, on page 40.

4.3.1.1. What information is stored

In a Luxid repository, four main types of information are stored:

- The document itself, alongside its structural information such as parts (called “zones” - e.g. title,

abstract, note), sentences offsets and other details (language, date);

- The document ID, allowing to uniquely identify a document;

- The descriptors of the document: document metadata, categories and annotations along with

their offsets (divided in three subtypes: structures, entities and relationships);

- The knowledge sets, which gather the annotations that have been extracted by the same

annotation resource (Skill Cartridge), called provider.

4.3.1.2. How the information is stored: the Luxid Type System

The technological framework of Luxid® is based on UIMA (Unstructured Information Management

Architecture) 4 , which is an open, industrial-strength, scalable and extendable platform for creating,

integrating and deploying unstructured information management solutions from combinations of semantic

analysis and search components. UIMA allows the analysis and the assignment of structure to

unstructured artifacts such as texts or videos by providing a means to link the artifacts to meta-

information (annotation) that describes them5 in form of typed objects with valued properties.

Two key components of UIMA are the Common Analysis Structure (CAS) and the type system.

The CAS object is the basic data structure in which both the unstructured information being analysed and

the analysis results are stored.

4 http://incubator.apache.org/uima 5 Ferrucci D, Lally A, Verspoor K, and Nyberg A (2009): Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) Version 1.0. Oasis Standard. http://docs.oasisopen.org/uima/v1.0/uima-v1.0.pdf

http://incubator.apache.org/uima

http://docs.oasisopen.org/uima/v1.0/uima-v1.0.pdf

32

The type system is the schema for the CAS, defining the various types of annotations that may be found

in the analysis results. It is a declarative definition of the annotation model, hierarchically organised,

defining the types of meta-information that can be stored in the CAS object. Every type derives from the

supertype “Annotation” (uima.jcas.tcas.Annotation), the basic type of all meta-information that refers to a

region of an artifact (e.g. a span of text).

The following table describes the main objects that are part of the Luxid type system.

For more information on type systems, see UIMA References guide, section 4.2.1. The Type System.

Object Description Example

Attribute An Attribute is a key/value pair that

can be added to an Element (Entity).

An attribute has a type: integer,

float, string or entity.

The Attribute Definition is associated

to the Entity “cargo ship”. The

attribute value is the definition

defined in the thesaurus.

Attribute

Occurrence

An AttributeOccurrence is a key/value

pair that can be added to an Element

Occurrence (Entity Ocurrence or

Relation Occurrence).

In the sentence "A buys B for 1M$",

the AttributeOccurrence Amount can

be associated to the

RelationOccurrence. The

AttributeOccurrence value is 1M$.

DataSource A DataSource is a part of a

Workflow Information and denotes

the origin of the document.

N/A

Element Element is the base class for Entity N/A

ElementOccurrence ElementOccurrence is the base class

for

EntityOccurrence and

RelationOccurrence.

N/A

Entity An Entity is an Element-based

hierarchical structure extracted by

Luxid from documents.

For the sentence "A buys B for 1M$",

Luxid® extracts the Entity CompanyA

EntityOccurrence An EntityOccurrence is an annotation

associated with an Entity.


Luxid® extracts A as an occurrence

of the Entity CompanyA.

http://uima.apache.org/downloads/releaseDocs/2.2.1-incubating/docs/html/references/references.html#ugr.ref.cas.type_system

33

Information The Information object provides

identifier, copyright, URI as well as

workflow information.

The Information object is used to

retrieve a document.

KnowledgeSet (KS) A KnowledgeSet is a set of

annotations that have been extracted

by the same annotation resource,

called provider.

Knowledge Set “STFKnowledge”

contains all Element Occurrences

extracted from all documents with

the STF skill cartridge.

KSProvider The KSProvider denotes the

annotation resource used to fill a

KnowledgeSet.

The KSProvider provides the name,

identifier and version of the

associated Knowledge Set.

MemberOccurrence

A MemberOccurrence is part of a

RelationOccurrence.

The RelationOccurrence "A buys B for

1M$" has 2 Member Occurrences: "A"

and "B".

RelationOccurrence

A RelationOccurrence is the second

of the two kinds of

ElementOccurrencebased

hierarchical structures extracted

by Luxid® from documents (the first

one is EntityOccurrence).


Luxid® extracts a RelationOccurrence

of Acquisition.

Sentence A Sentence is an annotation

representing a sentence in the text.

A Sentence is a specific text zone.

WorkflowInformation The WorkflowInformation contains

the "history" of the document in the

workflow perspective

The WorkflowInformation specifies

the data source, last update and

processing errors

Zone A Zone is a portion of text having a

language and a logical existence.

A regulation has a “Title” zone and a

“Content” Zone

The following figure shows a partial representation of the Luxid type system, illustrating the fact that

Entity inherits from the Element class whereas Entity Occurrence and Relation Occurrence inherit from

the Element Occurrence class.

34

Figure 18: Inheritance in the Luxid Type System

4.3.2. Prototype II: Knowledge base

In Deliverable 2.2, we developed the first version of the e-Compliance ontology and demonstrated how it

can be used to model maritime regulations. In this section, we will briefly discuss the software

implementation of the ontology, how it is embedded in the system and how it is queried.

The e-Compliance ontology is expressed using the Web Ontology Language OWL. OWL is a W3C-

endorsed ontology language for the semantic web. It allows the specification of classes, object and data

properties, instances and data values6.

OWL is directly mapped to the Resource Description Framework (RDF7). RDF is a W3C metadata model

for the conceptual description of information and for data exchange on the web. The idea behind RDF is

to capture information in the form of so-called triples which emulate the subject-predicate-object

structure of human language. Thus, we can make statements of the form “a ship has a lifeboat” in a

simple and fairly intuitive format.

6 http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-overview-20121211/

7 http://www.w3.org/RDF/

http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-overview-20121211/

http://www.w3.org/RDF/

35

As an example, the following expression defines an instance called “MyLifeboat”, which is a member of

the “Equipment” class in the e-Compliance ontology and which has the data property “equipmentType”

set to “survival and rescue”:



<Equipment rdf:about="#MyLifeboat">

<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;Thing"/>

<equipmentType>survival and rescue</equipmentType>

</Equipment>

The following expression defines an instance called “MyShip”, which is a member of the “Ship” class. Its

object property “shipHasEquipment” points to the instance “MyLifeboat” defined above:



<Ship rdf:about="#MyShip">

<rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;Thing"/>

<shipHasEquipment rdf:resource="#MyLifeboat"/>

</Ship>

The triple structure is depicted in the diagram below:

Figure 19: Simple example of an RDF triple

We are currently storing the e-Compliance ontology in a simple XML serialisation format of OWL; as the

document is fairly small, this approach should be sufficient. However, should the need for scaling up arise

during the development of the Creation Tool, then we will switch to an RDF triple store. Several such

systems are freely available, for example Ontotext GraphDB Lite8, Parliament

9 or Apache Jena

10.

8 http://www.ontotext.com/products/ontotext-graphdb-owlim/

http://www.ontotext.com/products/ontotext-graphdb-owlim/

36

Information stored in the RDF format (including OWL ontologies) can be retrieved using SPARQL queries.

SPARQL stands for “SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language” and denotes a specifically designed

query language for the use on RDF triples11

.

To provide a simple example of the SPARQL syntax, the below query returns the instances of equipment

that are linked to the “MyShip” object (so in particular it returns the “MyLifeboat” equipment instance):

PREFIX myURI: <http://www.semanticweb.org/plohrmann/ontologies/2014/6/untitled-

ontology-14#>

SELECT ?eq

WHERE

{

myURI:#MyShip myURI:shipHasEquipment ?eq

}

The Jena framework mentioned above provides an API that allows the execution of SPARQL queries using

Java code.

In deliverable D3.1 we explain on a more conceptual level how we will use semantic reasoning to find the

regulations applicable to a given ship in a given situation.

9 http://parliament.semwebcentral.org/GettingStarted.html

10 https://jena.apache.org/

11 http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/

http://parliament.semwebcentral.org/GettingStarted.html

https://jena.apache.org/

http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/

37

4.4. Annotation components

4.4.1. Overview

For the purpose of the e-Compliance project and its specific use cases, two dedicated annotation resources, or « Skill Cartridges », have been

developed or customised.

The following table sums up their functional scope and their main outputs:

Skill Cartridge® name Addressed Use-Case Extraction output

STF-eCompliance Maritime domain concepts

Based on the e-Compliance thesaurus,

this Skill Cartridge extracts the concepts

surrounding the legal maritime domain:

named entities such as organisations and

locations (water areas included), legal

activities and documents, and all terms

regarding ships, navigation and crew.

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/cargo

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Country

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/crew condition

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Document

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/document part

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/equipment

condition

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/IT System

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/kpi

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Legal Concept

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Maritime Activity

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Maritime Situation

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Navigational Term

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/offshore installation

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Organisation

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Procedure

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/requirement

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Role

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/service

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Ship

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/ship condition

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Ship Equipment

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Ship Property

38

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Ship Structure

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/substance

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Unit

/Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus/Water Area

eCompliance_OntoPop e-Compliance Ontology Population

Skill Cartridge

This Skill Cartridge extracts the instances

along with their properties for each

object modeled in the ontology to

populate the Knowledge Base: rule

applicability dates, activities, cargoes,

definitions, documents (reports,

certificates), equipments, journeys,

jurisdictions, maritime situations,

organisations, roles, ships, ship

conditions and ship parts.

Besides, since a rule is expressed within

a sentence, it identifies its target,

context (if exists), and requirement.

It also extracts named entities such as

references (also called « citations »),

time, dates and measures.

To do so, it relies on the thesaurus terms

/Structure/Activity

/Structure/Cargo

/Entity/Definition

/Entity/Candidate

/Structure/Document/Report

/Structure/Document/Certificate

/Structure/Equipment

/Structure/Journey

/Structure/Jurisdiction/Country

/Structure/Jurisdiction/Water Area

/Structure/Maritime Situation

/Structure/Organisation

/Structure/Role

/Structure/Ship

/Structure/Ship Part

/Structure/Ship Condition

/Structure/Applicability

/Relationship/Rule

/Entity/Time

/Entity/Age

39

and specific extraction patterns and

rules.

/Entity/Duration

/Entity/Date

/Entity/Date/Period

/Entity/Date/Exact Date

/Entity/ApplicabilityDate

/Entity/Measure

The following parts present in more detail what each Skill Cartridge does and how each of them works.

For more information about the Skill Cartridges and how they work, please refer to the Annex 2: TEMIS information extraction approach.

4.4.2. STF-eCompliance Skill Cartridge®

In order to extract legal maritime domain terms within regulations, the STF (“Smart Taxonomy Facilitator”) Skill Cartridge®, which is a TMS

template Skill Cartridge®, has been customised with the e-Compliance thesaurus built by BMT, MTK and TMS.

4.4.2.1. General Objectives

The STF Skill Cartridge® acts as a vehicle for applying taxonomies and controlled vocabularies to documents. It embeds technologies that help

overcome two key weaknesses associated to taxonomy-based indexing. The first, Fuzzy Term Matching, automatically produces variants of the

forms present in the taxonomy, thereby helping to improve recall. The second, Relevance Scoring, applies a range of heuristics to assign a

relevance score to each extracted concept and discards the less relevant ones, therefore improving extraction precision. STF can also exploit part-

of-speech tagging information to avoid false positives caused by ambiguous taxonomical terms.

4.4.2.2. Project Customisation

The STF-eCompliance Skill Cartridge® integrates the e-Compliance thesaurus, which covers the following concepts and terms (1635 terms):

Unit: this is a collection of units relevant in the maritime domain. Examples: knot, meter, tonne etc.

40

Country: under this concept, we provide a list of relevant countries. The countries’ names are

grouped by sub-concepts like “European country”, “Schengen state” etc.

Ship structure: these concepts describe the structural parts of a vessel. Examples: deck,

opening, space, hull structure etc. Role: under this concept, we find the relevant roles that a person can perform in the maritime

domain. This includes on-board job descriptions (like the ranks of ship crew members),

descriptions of a person’s legal and physical state (e.g. “child” as a special type of “passenger”) as well as various shore-based roles (“ship agent” or “harbour master”).

Legal concept: this concept covers a wide range of legal concepts, including the status of a

document (“expiry date”, “approval”), surveys, various forms of regulations (“local law”, “decree”) and general legal terms (“consent”, “obligation”).

Water area: under this concept, we list relevant descriptions of water areas, both of a concrete

(“German bight”) as well as a legal (“international waters”) and hydrographic nature (“tributary

water”). Ship property: this concept includes a range of operational, administrative and structural vessel

properties. Examples are “displacement”, “length”, “stability”, “flagstate” and “state of

construction”. Ship equipment: this concept covers various forms of ship equipment, including life-saving

appliances, pumping systems, navigational equipment and various electrical and mechanical

installations.

Document: this concept describes relevant documents in the maritime regulations domain. It

includes a taxonomy of ship certificates as well as several other documents used on ships (e.g. “logbook”, “muster list”, “checklist” etc.).

Maritime situation: This concept covers a very detailed taxonomy of weather conditions,

including a wide range of terms describing wind (“hurricane”, “squall”), ice (“thin first year ice”, “iceberg tongue”), visibility, sea state and temperature. In addition, various concepts of

navigational importance are covered (“hazard”, “current”, “traffic condition” etc.). Navigational term: under this top-level concept, we combine several important navigational

terms, including “speed”, “course”, “port of arrival”, “waypoint” etc.

IT system: under this concept, we provide a short list of relevant IT infrastructures (e.g.

“SafeSeaNet” and “ship reporting system”).

Maritime activity: this concept describes a very wide range of activities that are frequently

undertaken in the shipping and offshore domain. It includes the sub-concepts cargo handling, ship maintenance, ship handling, marine administration, ship operation and management,

shipbuilding, port operations and “unlawful activities”. Procedure: this includes a range of formalised activities and plans. Examples: “bridge

procedure”, “pilot transfer arrangement”, “engine room resource management”.

Organisation: this covers a taxonomy of types of organisations, including concrete examples

(“International Federation of Shipmasters’ Associations”, “United Nations”).

Ship: this concept covers a wide range of ship types. These are grouped into “merchant ship”,

“special purpose vessel”, “pleasure yacht”, “naval vessel”, “high-speed craft” and “nuclear ship”. Cargo: this concept combines a fairly short list of objects and substances that are frequently

transported on ships. Examples include “crude oil”, “dangerous cargo”, “industrial waste” etc.

Substance: under this concept, we describe substances that are relevant to the maritime

domain, either as cargo, pollutants or parts of a vessel’s machinery. Examples are “oil”, “radioactive substance”, “ballast water” or “halon”. This concept does by no means constitute a

complete classification of all chemical elements or compounds. Crew condition: this concept combines descriptions of a crew’s physical condition (“injury”,

“fatigue”), their working conditions (“outdoor working environment”) as well as several other

terms connected to working and living on a ship (“noise”, “level of competence”, “working

language”).

41

Offshore installation: this is a short and by no means complete taxonomy of offshore

installations and platforms. Examples: “offshore terminal”, “spar platform”, “self-propelled mobile

offshore unit”. Equipment condition: under this concept, we list several terms that describe the condition of a

ship’s equipment and facilities. Examples include “malfunction of equipment”, “icing”, “prolonged

use”. Service: this is a short list of relevant maritime and nautical services, including “radio service”,

“ice information”, “Telemedical Assistance Service”.

Ship condition: this concept includes terms to describe a vessel’s conditions and status.

Examples are “ice damage”, “accident”, “flooding” and “heel”. Document part: this is a brief list of parts of document, like “chapter”, “paragraph” etc.

Requirement: under this concept we some relevant types of requirements, like “electrical

requirement” or “navigational demand”.

KPI: Key Performance Indicator. This concept has no sub-concepts.

The full thesaurus is given in the Appendix. It is also available from the project website (http://www.e-

compliance-project.eu/results.aspx) in both SKOS12 and MS Word format.

The following table presents how the SKOS information is interpreted in a STF Skill Cartridge®:

SKOS STF

Concept URI Entity URI (which defines the Entity)

Preferred label Entity name

Alternative label(s) Variant(s) of the entity

Broader concept URI “Broader” entity attribute, which is used to build the entity

hierarchy path

Related concept(s) URI “Related” entity attribute

Definition “Note” entity attribute

The illustration below shows the integration of the e-Compliance thesaurus in the Skill Cartridge.

12

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/

http://www.e-compliance-project.eu/results.aspx


http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/

42

Figure 20 : View of the e-Compliance thesaurus in the Temis Web Studio web application

For the e-Compliance project, two different STF Skill Cartridges® have been put in place:

STF-eCompliance: this Skill Cartridge integrates the entire thesaurus, with all its attributes, for

preference labels, alternative labels and definition access by the creation tool.

STF-eCompliance_WODef: this Skill Cartridge only integrates the thesaurus without

definitions, as a basis for the eCompliance_OntoPop Skill Cartridge®.

4.4.2.3. Skill Cartridge output – visualisation in Luxid®

Entities extracted are renamed thanks to their hierarchy attribute which rebuilds the links between

broader concepts (i.e. parent and child relationships). All extractions coming from the thesaurus are

under the descriptor name /Entity/e-Compliance Thesaurus and are part of the STFKnowledge

Knowledge Set.

43

Figure 21: e-Compliance thesaurus concepts

The figure below shows a list of regulations and their extractions from the thesaurus (in green):

Figure 22: document list with e-Compliance thesaurus concepts highlighted

The following figure presents the document view of the first regulation above and the hierarchy of the

extractions in the left pane:

44

Figure 23: document view (Chapter II-2 Part C Regulation 9, SOLAS 1974) with e-Compliance thesaurus concepts

highlighted

4.4.3. e-Compliance_OntoPop Skill Cartridge®

4.4.3.1. General objective

The e-Compliance Ontology Population Skill Cartridge (e-Compliance_OntoPop) aims at extracting the

instances along with their properties for each object modeled in the ontology to populate the Knowledge

Base (as defined in D2.2 : Ontology): rule applicability dates, activities, cargoes, definitions, documents

(reports, certificates), equipments, journeys, jurisdictions, maritime situations, organisations, roles, ships,

ship conditions and ship parts. It also extracts named entities such as references (also called

« citations »), dates and measures.

To identify these objects, the Skill Cartridge leverages the e-Compliance thesaurus and embeds specific

extraction patterns and rules. This Skill Cartridge relies on what was implemented in the Flagship Skill

Cartridge and extends its extraction coverage.

45

4.4.3.2. Ontology objects modeling

4.4.3.2.1. Maritime objects

Activity

ACTIVITY

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Activity

Definition This type describes activities that a ship (or its crew) can perform, including navigational activities (e.g.

berthing, sailing, entering port), administrative tasks (e.g. submitting reports) or other activities (e.g.

collecting meteorological data).

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties

Relations between objects (Role name: linked object):

Type: maritime activity (thesaurus term)

involves: Cargo, Ship Equipment, Ship Part

takesPlaceIn: Jurisdiction

occursIn: Maritime Situation

Measure: Measure

Attributes (attribute name: values):

Qualifier: string

Negation: true

Examples Cargo unloading

repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting

46

ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks

making headway at a speed of 5 knots in calm water

Cargo

CARGO

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Cargo

Definition This type describes the cargo that can be carried by a ship. It includes various properties relating to

the type, size and hazardousness of the cargo.

Ontology modelling:

47

Important note: “isDangerous” Boolean attribute has to be set in the thesaurus on relevant terms as it

is referencing names of dangerous cargo.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties

Relations between objects (Role name: linked object name):

Type: substance, cargo (thesaurus term)

Measure: Measure

isCompliantWith : Document, Reference

isLocatedIn: Ship Part


Qualifier: string

Negation: true

ClassNumber: number

Amount: number

Examples bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces

dangerous goods specified as classes 6.2 and 7

dangerous goods in limited quantities* and excepted quantities** in accordance with tables 19.1 and

19.3.

Definition

DEFINITION

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Entity/Definition

Definition This captures the definition of terms within regulations.

Skill

Cartridge


TermDefined: any thesaurus term or a Candidate NP (/Entity/Candidate)

48

modelling

-

properties


Definition: string

Examples A passenger ship is a ship which carries more than twelve passengers.

Document/Report

REPORT

Descriptor name

(Type)

/Structure/Document/Report

Definition This is a subtype of the Document type and describes formal reports submitted to authorities.

Its properties describe the required timelines for report submission (e.g. “24 hours before port

arrival”).

Skill Cartridge

modelling -

properties


Type: report (thesaurus term)

TimeInterval: Duration


Qualifier: string

Amount: number

All: true

Examples a survey report once every 12 months

49

Document/Certificate

CERTIFICATE

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Document/Certificate

Definition This is another subtype of the Document type describing ship certificates. The most important property

for the management of certificates is the expiration date.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


Type: certificate (thesaurus term)


Qualifier: string

Amount: number

All: true

Examples A certificate called a Passenger Ship Safety Certificate

Equipment

EQUIPMENT

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/ Structure/Equipment

Definition The Equipment type describes parts of a ship that are not structural and can be moved or replaced with

relative ease. Examples include lifesaving appliances, communication equipment and the crew’s personal

equipment.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling


Type: ship equipment (thesaurus term)

hasEquipment: Ship_Equipment

50

-

properties

isCompliantWith: Document, Reference

isApprovedBy: Organisation

Measure: Measure

hasProperty: Ship Property

isLocatedIn: Ship Part


Qualifier: string

Amount: number

All: true

Negation: true

Capacity (nb of persons): number

Examples Ventilation systems for main laundries

five 25-person liferafts

one buoyant lifeline, not less than 50 m in length

a suitable line-throwing appliance complying with paragraph 6.1.7 of the Code

Journey

51

JOURNEY

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Journey

Definition This captures details about a ship’s journey. Its properties include ports visited, start and end times type

of journey.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


Type: ship operation/voyage (thesaurus term)

Measure: Measure

inMaritimeSituation: Maritime_Situation

hasOrigin: Jurisdiction, Organisation

hasDestination: Jurisdiction, Organisation


Qualifier: string

Negation: true

Examples a ballast voyage of not more than 72 hours or not more than 1,200 nautical miles

voyages in warm climates

ship arriving in the United Kingdom from Spain

52

Jurisdiction/Country

JURISDICTION/COUNTRY

Descriptor name

(Type)

/Structure/Jurisdiction/Country

Definition This is a subtype of the Jurisdiction type to describe countries in the legal sense of the word.

Skill Cartridge

modelling -

properties


Type: country (thesaurus term)

Examples Spain

Jurisdiction/Water Area

JURISDICTION/WATER AREA

53

Descriptor

name (Type)

/Structure/Jurisdiction/Water_Area

Definition This is another subtype of Jurisdiction, modelling hydrographic areas in which regulations are

applicable or activities take place.

Skill Cartridge

modelling -

properties


Type: water area (thesaurus term)

Examples Atlantic Ocean

Maritime Situation

MARITIME SITUATION

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Maritime_Situation

Definition This type captures the hydrographic and meteorological context of a maritime regulation. It captures

properties like sea state, wind, visibility etc.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


Type: maritime_situation (thesaurus term)

Measure: Measure


Qualifier: string

Negation: true

Direction: NE|NO|SE|SO|O|E|S|N

Examples in water at least 200 metres in depth

54

Wind NE., force 8

frequent rain squalls

Organisation

ORGANISATION

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Organisation

Definition This captures the organisations that play a role in the maritime domain – ship operators, port authorities,

governments etc.

55

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


Type: organisation (thesaurus term)


Qualifier: string

All: true

Negation: true

Examples A contracting government

Role

ROLE

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Role

Definition For our purposes, a “Role” is a job or responsibility in the maritime domain that can be addressed by a

regulation. Obvious examples are ship master, pilot or officer of the watch.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


Type: role (thesaurus term)


Qualifier: string

Amount: number

Negation: true

56

Examples 2 crew members

not more than 36 passengers

Ship

SHIP

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Ship

Definition The “Ship” type is central to our approach. It describes sets of vessels to which regulations apply. This

type has several properties that specify the set of ships in question, for example size, number of people

on board, keel laid date etc.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling


Type: ship (thesaurus term)

hasEquipment: Ship_Equipment

57

-

properties

hasShipPart: Ship_Part

Measure: Measure

KeelLaid: Date

performs: Activity

hasCargo: Cargo

NoPerson: Role

isOnJourney: Journey

ExcludedShipTypes: Ship

hasCondition: Ship_Condition

hasFlagState: Country, Organisation

isCompliantWith: Document, Reference

hasFlagStateParty: Document


Qualifier: string

All: true

Negation: true

Examples The ventilation system of a passenger ship carrying more than 36 passengers.

Transverse bulkhead in ship of 100 m in length and upwards.

58

all passenger ships and cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards.

Ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002

every other ship (than an oil tanker) of 400 gross tonnage and above.

The following ships, with spaces intended for the carriage of packaged dangerous goods.

passenger ship which complies with the requirements of Chapters II-1, II-2, III and IV

59

Ship Part

SHIP PART

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Ship Part

Definition By “Ship Part” we mean structural parts of a vessel that can be addressed by regulations. Examples are

decks, bulkheads, fresh water tanks, corridors etc.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


Type: ship structure (thesaurus term)

hasCargo: Cargo

Measure: Measure


Qualifier: string

Amount: number

Negation: true

Examples dedicated clean ballast tanks.

Ballast tank of less than 1500 or greater than 5000 cubic metres

60

cargo spaces intended for the carriage of packaged dangerous goods.

Ship Condition

SHIP CONDITION

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Ship_Condition

Definition This type describes a ship’s condition from an operational and safety point of view. Examples are

damage, seaworthiness, flooding etc.

Skill

Cartridge


Type: ship condition (thesaurus term)

61

modelling

-

properties

involves: Ship Part, Ship Equipment

takesPlaceIn: Jurisdiction

Measure: Measure

occursIn: Maritime Situation


Qualifier: string

Amount: number

Negation: true

Examples Damages

Applicability

APPLICABILITY

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Structure/Applicability

Definition This type captures the target of a rule. In particular, it describes the applicability date, target ship class

and any possible exceptions.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


ApplicabilityDate: Date

hasTarget: Ship

hasException: Ship

what: Reference, Document


Restriction: true

Exception: true

Negation: true

Examples Applicable for all ships from 1980-05-25.

62

For cargo ships only

1.1 also apply to cargo ships between 300 and 500 GT

the present Regulations apply only to ships engaged on international voyages

The present Regulations, unless expressly provided otherwise, do not apply to cargo ships between 300

and 500 GT

63

except where regulation 14 (b),(e),(f) and (g) is applicable.

Rule

RULE

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Relationship/Rule

Definition This type captures the content of a regulation. It describes the target (typically a ship with certain

properties), the requirement, the context and (possibly) the expiration date.

64

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


hasRequirement: Activity, Role, Organisation, Ship, Ship Part, Equipment, Document, Cargo

hasEquipment: Equipment

hasTarget: Ship, Equipment

hasException: Ship

hasContext: Maritime Situation, Journey, Activity, Cargo

expirationDate: Date


Qualifier: string

Negation: true

Examples Each fast rescue boat shall be served by a suitable line-throwing appliance complying with paragraph

6.1.7 of the Code.

A Passenger Ship Safety Certificate shall be issued for a period not exceeding 12 months.

At least three two-way VHF radiotelephone apparatus shall be provided on every passenger ship and

65

every cargo ship of 500 gross tonnage and upwards.

At least one of the rescue boats on a ro-ro passenger ship shall be a fast rescue boat approved by the

Administration.

Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above other

than an oil tanker shall be provided with an Oil Record Book

66

4.4.3.2.2. References

The Skill Cartridge extracts three types of references:

- external references, which point to other regulations, and are organised by body:

o IMO regulations external references

o EU regulations external references

- internal references, which point to parts within the same document.

EXTERNAL REFERENCE – IMO

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Entity/Reference/External_Reference/IMO

Definition External references to IMO regulations can be of several types, according to the type of document they

refer:

- IMO Resolutions, which are written as follows: Body. sequential number (session)

Ex: A.740(18) = 740th Resolution passed by the Assembly, adopted at the Eighteenth session.

MEPC.117(52) = 117th resolution adopted since the first meeting of MEPC , adopted at the 52nd

session.

- IMO committees’ basic documents, which are written as follows: Body session/agenda item/sequential

67

number OR Body session/agenda item.

Ex: MSC 48/21/75.

MSC 73/21/Add.2.

- IMO Committees' Circulars: Body.Category/DocType.Number/Revision Number

MSC/Circ.373/Rev.1.

MSC-MEPC.7/Circ.6.

- IMO regulations (code, conventions, etc.):

SOLAS regulation II-1/54.1.

regulations V/11 , V/12 and V/20 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


DocumentType: Document (thesaurus term)

Instrument: Document (thesaurus term)

Body: Organisation

Part: NumberedPart

PartType: Document Part

Attributes:

RegulationNumber: number

ParagraphNumber: number

Point: number

ArticleNumber: number

AnnexNumber: number

AppendixNumber: number

SubchapterNumber: number

SubParagraphNumber: number

ChapterNumber: number

SectionNumber: number

PartNumber: number

CoordType: Disjunction|Conjonction|Enumeration


SubsidiaryBody: string

Category: string

SequentialNumber: number

SessionNumber: number

AgendaItem: number

ModificationNumber: number

Examples A.740(18)

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MSC 73/21/Add.2.

MSC.1/Circ.1206 Rev.1.

regulations V/11 , V/12 and V/20 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

EXTERNAL REFERENCE – EU

Descriptor name

(Type)

/Entity/Reference/External_Reference/EU

Definition External references to EU regulations and directives can be written as follows:

69

- DocumentType Year/Number/Body

Ex: Council Directive 1999/35/EC

- DocumentType (Body) Number/Year

Ex: Regulation (EC) No 782/2003.

- Body DocumentType Year/Number

Ex: EC Regulation No 2003/782.

Skill Cartridge

modelling -

properties


DocumentType: Document (thesaurus term)

Instrument: Document (thesaurus term)

Body: Organisation

Date: Date

Part: NumberedPart


Attributes:



Point: number


AnnexNumber: number






PartNumber: number



Number: number

Year: number

Examples Article 4(1)(e) of Council Directive 1999/35/EC of 29 April 1999

70

INTERNAL REFERENCE

Descriptor

name

(Type)

/Entity/Reference/Internal_Reference

Definition Internal references refer to parts or subparts mentioned within the same document.

Ex:

paragraph 4.1 of this annex.

paragraphs 2.2 and 4.2.

subparagraphs 6.1 to 6.5 of this regulation.

regulation 9.2.3.1.1.2.

regulation II-1/54.1.

the present regulations.

Skill

Cartridge

modelling

-

properties


inPart: Document part

inDocument: Document (thesaurus term)

Part: NumberedPart


Attributes:



Point: number


AnnexNumber: number






PartNumber: number


71


this: true

Examples subparagraphs 6.1 to 6.5 of this regulation

4.4.3.2.3. Named entities

A named entity is a phrase that refers unambiguously to an item from the real world. Common named

entities are persons’ names, companies, organisations, geographic locations, dates, addresses and phone

numbers, among others. For the e-Compliance project, the eCompliance_OntoPop Skill Cartridge®

identifies several types of dates, times and measures described in the tables hereafter.

DATE

Descriptor name

(Type)

/Entity/Date/Exact_Date

/Entity/Period

/Entity/ApplicabilityDate

/Entity/KeelLaid

Definition Dates are divided into 4 types, according to their nature:

- KeelLaid (/Min or /Max) when qualifying a ship construction date:

Ex: ships constructed from 1984-09-01 to 2002-07-01.

- ApplicabilityDate (/Min or /Max) when qualifying the application of a regulation (or one of its

part):

Ex: applicable from 1984-09-01 to 1992-02-01

- Period (/Min or /Max) when the date is preceded by “after” or “before” respectively:

Ex: after 1 July 1999

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- Exact Date, when its nature is not defined or the date is preceded by “on”:

Ex: 1 Dec 2014

Dates are normalised into one common format: yyyy/mm/dd

Examples ships constructed from 1984-09-01 to 2002-07-01.

applicable from 1984-09-01 to 1992-02-01

after 1 July 1999

1 Dec 2014

TIME

Descriptor name

(Type)

/Entity/Time

/Entity/Duration

/Entity/Age

Definition Time entities are divided into 3 types, according to their nature:

- Age (/Min or /Max) when qualifying the age of a ship:

Ex: ships of 15 years of age

- Duration (/Min or /Max) when qualifying a period of time:

Ex: during 3 month

- Time, when its nature is not defined:

Ex: 3h30, 2,5 years

Skill Cartridge

modelling -

properties


Qualifier: Min_Excluded, Min_Included, Max_Excluded, Max_Included

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Unit: year, month, day, h, m, s

Examples bulk carriers, which are 15 years of age and over but less than 20 years of age .

during 3 month

2,5 years

MEASURE

Descriptor name

(Type)

/Entity/Measure

Definition Measurement entities are defined for the following types:

GrossTonnage: GT

NetTonnage: NT

Deadweight: dwt

Weight: kg, g, oz, lb, …

Length: metres, feet, …

Distance: km, mile, nautical mile, …

Speed: knot, m/h, km/h, …

Force (wind)

Volume: m3, cu ft, fl oz, …

Pressure: bar, kPa, …

Energy: A, V, mWh, cal, …

74

Temperature: °C, °F

Frequency: Hz, …

Surface: m2, …

VolumeDistance: l/km

DistanceVolume: km/l

Each of them are organized in subcategories /Min or /Max (default: /Min).

Skill Cartridge

modelling -

properties


Amount: number

Unit

Qualifier: Min_Excluded, Min_Included, Max_Excluded, Max_Included

Examples One gallon

150 m in length and upwards

less than 1,600 gross tonnage.

4.4.3.3. Skill Cartridge output – visualisation in Luxid®

The figure below presents the entities and relationships extracted by the eCompliance_OntoPop Skill

Cartridge®.

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Figure 24: View of the Luxid® search panel

The following figure presents the document view of the Regulation 21 on Survival crafts and rescue boats

(Cahpter III, Part B, Section II of SOLAS 1974) and the extractions in the left pane:

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Figure 25: View of an annotated regulation

The following figure shows a Rule relationship for "every tanker of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall

carry not less than four lifeboats":

77

Figure 26: View of a Rule relationship for "every tanker of 3,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall carry not less than four

lifeboats"

4.5. Annotation workflow – Luxid®

4.5.1. Pre-requisites

The following annotation resources have to be installed on the Luxid® Annotation Factory server:

eCompliance-OntoPop.sca

STF-eCompliance.sca

STF-eCompliance_WODef.sca (which is used by the eCompliance-OntoPop SC to create the ontology objects)

78

Figure 27: Annotation resources view on Luxid® Administration

4.5.2. Annotation plan and Skill Cartridges parameters

The annotation resources described above are embedded in an annotation plan named ‘e-Comp_AP”

(provided on the BMT development server). An annotation plan is a sequence of annotation resources.

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Figure 28: View of the eComp-AP Annotation Plan

Each Skill Cartridge® is embedded with the following parameters:

eCompliance-OntoPop.sca

STF-eCompliance.sca

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STF-eCompliance_WODef.sca

81

5. Conclusions

In this document, we have presented the first version of the e-Compliance digital library of maritime

regulations.

The regulations we include cover a very wide area, incorporating international regulations, national laws

and local bye-laws in three languages (English, Spanish and French). For each of these regulation types

we have provided detailed data schemas and list the relevant metadata.

In addition, we have shown a complete regulatory workflow from raw text to annotated, structured text

and ultimately to an instance in the e-Compliance ontology which captures the content of the regulation.

At the heart of this process lie the so-called Skill Cartridges which bring together domain knowledge and

semantic rules to extract meaning from unstructured text. These Skill Cartridges rely on the e-Compliance

thesaurus, which has been compiled from scratch for the purposes of this project.

This deliverable, together with the Creation Services presented in D3.1, forms the basis for the Creation

Tool that will be developed in WP5. The thesaurus, ontology and Skill Cartridges will continue to be

tested, reviewed and improved as the project progresses.

82

Annexes

Annex 1: Dataset References

Doc title/Ref Form/Type/Instrument Level

Language

Source Description

Directive 2002/59/EC Directive EU

English French Spanish EC

Directive 2002/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2002 establishing a Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system and repealing Council Directive 93/75/EEC

Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 Regulation EU


Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on the implementation of the International Safety Management Code within the Community and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 3051/95 (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2008/106/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on the minimum level of training of seafarers (recast) (Text with EEA relevance)



Regulation (EC) No 725/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on enhancing ship and port facility security (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2005/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2005 on enhancing port security (Text with EEA relevance)



Regulation (EC) No 782/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 April 2003 on the prohibition of organotin compounds on ships

83



Directive 2009/16/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on port State control (Recast) (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2009/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009 on safety rules and standards for passenger ships (Recast) (Text with EEA relevance)

Council Directive 1999/35/EC Directive EU


Council Directive 1999/35/EC of 29 April 1999 on a system of mandatory surveys for the safe operation of regular ro-ro ferry and high-speed passenger craft services



Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 February 2002 on the accelerated phasing-in of double hull or equivalent design requirements for single hull oil tankers and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2978/94



Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on common rules and standards for ship inspection and survey organisations (Recast) (Text with EEA relevance)



Council Directive 1999/32/EC of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels and amending Directive 93/12/EEC

2010/769/EU Decision EU


2010/769/EU: Commission Decision of 13 December 2010 on the establishment of criteria for the use by liquefied natural gas carriers of technological methods as an alternative to using low sulphur marine fuels meeting the requirements of Article 4b of Council Directive 1999/32/EC relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels as amended by Directive 2005/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the sulphur content of marine fuels (notified under document C(2010) 8753) Text with EEA relevance

84

2006/1013/EC Decision EU


2006/1013/EC: Commission Decision of 22 December 2006 granting a derogation requested by Germany pursuant to Council Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (notified under document number C(2006) 7075)



Directive 2003/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 April 2003 on specific stability requirements for ro-ro passenger ships (Text with EEA relevance)



Council Directive 97/70/EC of 11 December 1997 setting up a harmonised safety regime for fishing vessels of 24 metres in length and over



Council Directive 96/98/EC of 20 December 1996 on marine equipment

Directive 2012/33/EU Directive EU


Directive 2012/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the sulphur content of marine fuels



Directive 1999/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 concerning the enforcement of provisions in respect of seafarers' hours of work on board ships calling at Community ports



Directive 2009/15/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on common rules and standards for ship inspection and survey organisations and for the relevant activities of maritime administrations (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2009/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on compliance with flag State requirements (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2009/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the insurance of shipowners for maritime claims (Text with EEA relevance)

85



Directive 2001/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2001 establishing harmonised requirements and procedures for the safe loading and unloading of bulk carriers (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2000/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2000 on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residues - Commission declaration



Directive 2005/33/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2005 amending Directive 1999/32/EC



Directive 2009/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2002/59/EC establishing a Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system (Text with EEA relevance)



Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community (Text with EEA relevance)

Commission Directive 2011/15/EU Directive EU


Commission Directive 2011/15/EU of 23 February 2011 amending Directive 2002/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Community vessel traffic monitoring and information system Text with EEA relevance



Directive 2003/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 April 2003 amending Council Directive 98/18/EC on safety rules and standards for passenger ships

DIRECTIVE 2010/65/EU Directive EU


European directive about informative formalities in European Ports

Commission Regulation (EC) No 536/2008 Regulation EU


Commission Regulation (EC) No 536/2008 of 13 June 2008 giving effect to Article 6(3) and Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 782/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prohibition of organotin compounds on ships and amending that Regulation

86

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1286/2011 Regulation EU


Commission Regulation (EU) No 1286/2011 of 9 December 2011 adopting a common methodology for investigating marine casualties and incidents developed pursuant to Article 5(4) of Directive 2009/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance



Regulation (EC) No 392/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the liability of carriers of passengers by sea in the event of accidents (Text with EEA relevance)

ISM Code Code International English IMO IGC Code Code International English IMO Code of Signals Code International English IMO ISPS Code Code International English IMO Intact Stability Code Code International English IMO 2011 ESP Code Code International English IMO 2000 HSC Code Code International English IMO Grain Code Code International English IMO IMDG Code Code International English IMO 1994 HSC Code International English IMO NOx Technical Code Code International English IMO Code on Noise Levels Onboard

Ships Code International English IMO The Code adopted by res.

MSC.337(91) is mandatory through SOLAS/II-1/A-1/3-12 Code International English IMO

IBC Code Code International English IMO FTP Code Code International English IMO IMSBC Code Code International English IMO Supersedes BC Code 2004 Code International English IMO LSA Code Code International English IMO FSS Code Code International English IMO Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS)

Code Code International English IMO

87

Ch. 1.9 is mandatory through SOLAS/VI/A/2 Code International English IMO

RO Code Code International English IMO Casualty Investigation Code Code International English IMO

Code for the safe carriage of INF, plutonium and high level radioactive wastes in flasks on board ships Code International English IMO

INF Code Code International English IMO SOLAS Convention International English IMO MARPOL Convention International English IMO Load Lines Convention International English IMO Tonnage (TMC) 1969 Convention International English IMO STCW Convention International English IMO COLREG 72 Convention International English IMO SUA 1988 and Protocol Convention International English IMO Ballast Water Management 2004 Convention International English IMO Safe Containers, 1972 Convention International English IMO

Anti-fouling Systems (AFS) Convention, 2001 Convention International English IMO

International Ship Recycling Convention, 2009 Convention International English IMO

Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) 1979 Convention International English IMO

Intervention on the High Seas (1969) Convention International English IMO

Torremolinos Safety of Fishing Vessel 1977/1993/2012 Convention International English IMO

London Convention 1972, with Protocol 1996 Convention International English IMO

OPRC Convention 1990 and OPRC-HNS Protocol Convention International English IMO

88

FAL Convention Convention International English IMO CLC 1992/1969 with Protocols Convention International English IMO NUCLEAR 1971 Convention International English IMO FUND 1992 with Protocols Convention International English IMO PAL 1974 with Protocols Convention International English IMO LLMC 1976 with Protocol Convention International English IMO SALVAGE 1989 Convention International English IMO HNS 1996 with Protocol Convention International English IMO CLC BUNKER Oil 2001 Convention International English IMO Code des Douanes Code National - France French JO French code about customs

Code de l'Environnement Code National - France French JO French code about environment

Code de la Marine Marchande Code National - France French JO French code about merchant marine

Code des pensions de retraite des marins français du commerce, de pêche ou de plaisance Code National - France French JO French code about old-age pensions for sailors

Code des Ports Maritimes Code National - France French JO French code about maritime ports

Code rural et de la pêche maritime Code National - France French JO French code about rurality and marine fisheries

Code des Transports Code National - France French JO French code about transports

Code du Travail Code National - France French JO French code about labour

Code du Travail Maritime Code National - France French JO French code about Maritime Labour

Décret n° 2003-920 du 22 septembre 2003 Decree National - France French JO National text for waste management

RD1795/2008 Decree National - Spain

Spanish BOE

Law regulating liability for pollution damages caused by vessel fuel

RD210/2004 Decree National - Spain

Spanish BOE

Law establishing a monitoring and information system for maritime traffic

RD 1334/2012 Decree National - Spain

Spanish BOE

Law regulating new vessel reporting formalities to comply with European directive 2010/65

RD 1381/2002 Decree National - Spain Spanish BOE

Receiving ship-generated waste and cargo residues

89

FOM 1194/2011 Ordinance National - Spain

Spanish BOE

Law regulating vessel arrival and departure procedure

Procedimiento Integrado de Escalas en el Puerto de Barcelona (PIDE_v20) Bye-law Port - Barcelona

Spanish English

Barcelona Port

overview of the procedures that are in place between the various stakeholders involved in vessel reporting, and short descriptions of information elements that are included in the reporting under these procedures (documents, forms etc.).

Transport et manutention des marchandises dangereuses Bye-law Port - Marseille French

Marseille Port

regulation about transportation and handling of dangerous goods

Arrêté préfectoral ZMFR et ses annexes - janvier 2012 Prefectural Order Port - Marseille English

Marseille Port

Prefectural Order regulating navigation in the maritime and river regulation zone (MRRZ) of the Great Maritime Port of Marseille.

Port information guide - Marseille Fos Documentation Port - Marseille

French English

Marseille Port

guidelines and overview of the procedures applicable in Marseille Port

REGLEMENT D'UTILISATION DU POSTE D'INSPECTION FRONTALIER DE MARSEILLE Bye-law Port - Marseille French

Marseille Port regulations about the border inspection post in Marseille

Règlement Local pour le transport et la manutention des matières dangereuses sur le Grand Port Maritime de Marseille. Bye-law Port - Marseille French

Marseille Port

Marseille Port byelaw regarding the transport and handling of hazardous materials

Annex 2: TEMIS information extraction approach

1. Definition of text Mining

From large volume of unstructured text content, Text Mining is the process of extracting and

analysing information in order to discover ‘buried’ knowledge, leading to intelligence.

● Large volume = Numerous sources + multiple formats + multi-domain content

● Unstructured text = Raw data coming from articles, blogs, news…

● Extracting = Labelling both concepts and relationships between them thanks to thesauri or

guessing methods (via linguistic algorithms) embedded into Skill Cartridges. The aim of extraction

is to enrich the content to give sense.

● Analyzing = By ”filtering”, “observation” and “evaluation”. It is performed by Information

Professionals.

● Discover = Explore new tracks of investigation.

● ‘Buried’ knowledge = Enriched information, hidden relationships.

● Intelligence = To support business decision-making process.

2. The extraction process

Information Extraction is the process of identifying relevant information where the criteria for relevance

are predefined in the form of a template that has to be filled.

The extraction process involves several subtasks, namely:

- text preprocessing, usually including text formatting tasks

- morpho-syntactic tagging, which identifies the language, splits the text into sentences and words,

and attached to them their lemma and part of speech category

- extraction rules

- post-processing, to normalize the information extracted

The extraction process is illustrated on the figure below:

Figure 29: Extraction process

e-Compliance D2.1 – Repository Design

91

2.1.1. The preprocessing

It consists in text format manipulation, character or markers replacement, etc.

2.1.2. The morpho-syntactic analysis

The morpho-syntactic analysis, performed by the XelDa® tagger, consists in identification, analysis and

description of the units of meaning structure in a language. It proceeds in 5 steps:

● Language identification, using statistical methods (namely, letters trigrams)

● Tokenization, i.e. splitting each sentence into lexical units (units of meaning): words, compounds,

punctuation, numbers, etc.

● Segmentation, i.e. sentence splitting

● Morpho-syntactic analysis which returns for each word:

○ Its possible lemmas

○ Its possible grammatical tags

○ Its possible parts of speech

● Morpho-syntactic disambiguation, relying on statistic rules learnt on a manually tagged dataset. A

probability calculation is performed on a 3 words window.

At the end of the morpho-syntactic analysis, each word is disambiguated and attached with:

- its offsets

- its form, i.e. the words as it is written

- its lemma, i.e. its canonical form without any flexion (plural, gender, conjugation)

- its tag, i.e. its corresponding grammatical part of speech

Example:

Considering the following sentence, the output from the morpho-syntactic analysis is reported in the table

below:

On September 21th 2004, British Telecom announced yearly revenue of £21 million.


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Figure 30: Output from the morpho-syntactic analysis performed by Xelda®

Thanks to this process, extraction may then rely on Lemma, Form and/or Part of speech category. This

provides abstraction from various word forms.

Example: the different forms induced, induces, inducing are matched by the lemma induce.

2.2. Extraction with Skill Cartridge

Our approach requires the creation and validation of terminology resources specific to the described field.

It is based on recycling existing terms databases and discovering knowledge from a corpus in an iterative

way. We use various text analysis processing: morpho-syntactic analysis, named entities recognition,

patterns recognition using linguistics and/or semantic labels. The main idea is to build a knowledge of

components hierarchy or Skill Cartridge which allows extracting the information which is relevant.

2.2.1. Skill Cartridge® Definition

A Skill Cartridge® is a set of linguistics components which describes the information of interest. All

information to extract is modelled within the Skill Cartridge®, which is plugged to the extraction server to

perform annotations. The processing unit is the sentence. Skill Cartridges® are domain-specific

knowledge resource that may embed:

● Lexicon

● Morphological rules

● Context rules

● Semantic rules

● Syntactic rules

● Post-analysis processing

2.2.2. Skill Cartridge output modelling: the Luxid Data Model


93

The information to be extracted by a Skill Cartridge is modeled according to the Luxid® Data Model. This

model is made up of Luxid® Objects. A Luxid® Object is qualified by a type, either Entity, Relationship or

Structure. Objects of the same type share the same behavior, meaning and attributes. A type may have a

parent type from which it inherits meaning, attributes and behavior. A type is represented by the

complete hierarchy like /Entity/Company or /Relationship/Biomedical/Activation.

Entities can either stand alone or be related to each other by a relationship (which in general describes

an action).

Element type Description

Entity Hierarchical object with a value

Structure Entity with no value

Relationship Hierarchical object with members (entities or structures linked with roles), no

value

Role Link between entity/structure and relationship

Typically object or subject

Attribute A key/value pair

Associated with an entity, relationship, structure and its instances or occurrences

2.2.3. Skill Cartridge content description

2.2.3.1. Lexicons

Lexicons assign a meaning (concept) to words. They consist in lists of unambiguous terms, which may be

hierarchically structured.

The following figure show the hierarchical structure of the “ship” concept; the right pane details terms

associated to the concept “cargo ship” in several languages.


94

2.2.3.2. Morphological rules

A morphological rule may detect the presence of a suffix, or a prefix, indicative of the nature of the term:

Ex: “-cyte” is a suffix for naming cells

Lymphocyte

Rule: « [a-z]+cyte » = cell

2.2.3.3. Context rules

A context rule expresses combinations relying on contextual triggers:

Ex: “Inc.”, “Cie”, “S.A.”, “Gmbh”, “Ltd”, etc. are triggers for detecting Company names.

Rule: Term{Uppercase first letter} = Potential proper name

and

(PROP|Potential Proper name) + (Inc.|Cie|S.A.|Gmbh|Ltd) = Company

2.2.3.4. Semantic rules

A semantic rule consists in combinations of meaningful units of analysis, i.e. concepts defined in previous

rules:

Ex.: Hitachi Ltd. and Fujitsu

Rule: Company + “AND”+ (PROP|Potential Proper name) = Company + Company

2.2.3.5. Syntactic rules


95

A syntactic rule consists in combinations of units relying on the syntactic structure and predication. Roles

are affected to concepts depending on their function.

Ex: the following example shows acquisition relationships between two companies

2.2.4. Extraction principles

2.2.4.1. Several read-outs

The extraction process consists in several read-outs, where the analyzed text is successively retagged.

During each read-out, the tagged text is replaced by the corresponding concept. Then, during the

following read-out, the extraction server does not see the text but the concepts. For example, depending

on the Skill Cartridge used, the semantic analysis could consist in the following:

● Read-out 1: lexicons, entities

● Read-out 2: first-level relationships

● Read-out 3: second-level relationships

● Etc.

2.2.4.2. Token replacement

As previously mentioned, the extraction process consists in replacing tokens (or words) with a concept

name. Once the concept replaces the tokens, those tokens are no longer available to be matched. Other

concepts cannot match the same words.

As well as tokens, a concept is a unit of analysis within the extractor engine and can be used for building

greater extraction rules.

Example:

Nokia has released its new smartphone for $400.

/PhoneManufacturer has released its new /PhoneFeature for /Currency400.

/PhoneManufacturer /LaunchAction its new /PhoneFeature for /PhonePrice.

/PhoneMarketLaunch

2.2.5. Post-analysis processing

Post-processings aim at manipulating the concept trees extracted; for instance, it can be used to rename,

filter, normalise or perform other specific reasoning procedures on the concepts extracted (anaphora

resolution, concept deduction, propagation, etc.). These procedures are defined in plug-ins which are

called at the end of the extraction task.


96

Examples:

- Concept normalisation: dates

- A same date can be expressed in several ways: « 1st of January 1983 », « 01-01-1983 »,

« 1 jan. 1983 », « January the 1st, 1983 », « 01/01/1983 », “1983/01/01”, etc. However,

it is important to store all these occurrences within the same concept and in a common

format, for instance /Entity/Date/1983/01/01. To do so, a specific plug-in can be added

to the SKill Cartridge to generate the same output for the various expressions:

Skill Cartridge concepts Common normalization obtained after

post-processing

January the 1st, 1983

/Date

/MONTH/01: January

/DAY/01: 1st

/YEAR: 1983

/Date

/1983/01/01

01-01-1983

/Date

/MONTH: 01

/DAY: 01

/YEAR: 1983

1983/01/01

/Date

/YEAR: 1983

/MONTH: 01

/DAY: 01

1 Jan. 1983

/Date

/DAY: 1

/MONTH/01: Jan.

/YEAR: 1983

- Concept propagation

- In certain cases, names can be ambiguous and not extracted. In order to improve

precision, it can be useful to rely on identified non-ambiguous names to propagate on

similar ambiguous ones, so they can be normalized under the same concept and value.

For example, in the text below, a plug-in allowed to bring together the non ambiguous

entity “Barack Obama” and the occurrences of “Obama” mentioned alone within the

same text.


97


98

Annex 3: Thesaurus

Below we provide the complete e-Compliance thesaurus. Top level concepts are shown in bold font; the

taxonomical hierarchy is presented through indentation:

top level concept

narrower concept

narrower concept

narrower concept

The thesaurus is also available in SKOS format from the e-Compliance website (http://www.e-

compliance-project.eu/results.aspx).

unit

knot (alternative label: nmph, kn)

feet

meter (alternative label: metre)

mile

kilometer (alternative label: kilometre)

kilowatt (alternative label: kW)

tonne (alternative label: ton)

litre

nautical mile (alternative label: nm)

metric ton

hour

country

EU member state (alternative label: European Union member state, EU country)

Denmark

Sweden

Cyprus

Finland

Belgium

Italy

France

Latvia

United Kingdom

Lithuania

Bulgaria

Netherlands

Malta




99

Poland

Hungary

Czech Republic

Germany

Estonia

Portugal

Spain

Greece

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Ireland

Luxembourg

Croatia

Austria

European country

Denmark

Sweden

Cyprus

Macedonia

Finland

Belgium

Italy

France

Vatican City (alternative label: Holy See)

Moldova

Latvia

Serbia

United Kingdom

Lithuania

Bulgaria

Iceland

Netherlands

Andorra

Malta

Poland

Hungary

Belarus

Czech Republic

Turkey

Germany

Estonia

Portugal

Norway

Albania


100

Spain

San Marino

Greece

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Romania

Ukraine

Slovakia

Slovenia

Monaco

Liechtenstein

Montenegro

Ireland

Switzerland

Luxembourg

Croatia

Austria

Schengen state (alternative label: part of the Schengen area, member state of the Schengen area,

Schengen country)

Denmark

Sweden

Finland

Belgium

Italy

France

Latvia

Lithuania

Iceland

Netherlands

Malta

Poland

Hungary

Czech Republic

Germany

Estonia

Portugal

Norway

Spain

Greece

Slovakia

Slovenia

Liechtenstein

Switzerland

Luxembourg

Austria

African state


101

Somalia

ship structure

tank

oil residue tank (alternative label: tank for oil residues, sludge tank)

double bottom tank

fuel tank

oil fuel tank

day tank

after peak tank

wing tank

holding tank

settling tank

cargo tank

ballast tank

segregated ballast tank

forepeak tank

reserve tank

fresh water tank

sewage tank

slop tank

deck

freeboard deck

open deck

bulkhead deck

bridgedeck (alternative label: bridge deck)

helideck

ro-ro deck

tween deck (alternative label: tween-deck)

liferaft embarkation deck

hull structure (alternative label: shell)

hull type (alternative label: hull)

displacement hull

wooden hull

planing hull

catamaran

single hull

concrete hull

double hull

trimaran

hull structural member

column

bracket

girder

trusse


102

longitudinal member

plate

tie rod

strut

beam

frame

hull structural element

hull bottom

scantling

bulwark

stern

bulkhead

collision bulkhead

forecastle

bow section

bow

bulbous bow

keel

fore peak

midship section

space

machinery space

pump room (alternative label: pump-room)

engine room (alternative label: engine-room)

corridor

dead-end corridor

open space

lobby

lounge

atrium

pantry

pantry without cooking appliances (alternative label: pantry containing no cooking appliances)

pantry with cooking appliances (alternative label: pantry containing cooking appliances)

compartment

steering gear compartment

sanitary space

lavatory

assembly station

concealed space

special category space

balcony

cabin balcony

confined space

ship bridge (alternative label: bridge)

navigating bridge


103

storage room (alternative label: storage space)

escape route

accommodation space

office

cabin

cinema

galley

protected space

hot room

service space

baggage room

void space

mail room

watertight space

public space

stairway

opening

entrance

door

weathertight door (alternative label: door relevant to weathertight integrity)

fire door

watertight door (alternative label: door relevant to watertight integrity)

hatch (alternative label: hatchway)

access hatchway

window

exit

trapdoor

scuttle (alternative label: porthole)

manhole

skylight

propulsion system (alternative label: propulsion, propulsion machinery)

engine

internal combustion engine (alternative label: combustion engine, internal combustion machinery)

diesel engine

heavy fuel engine

steam turbine

diesel electric propulsion system

propeller

fixed pitch propeller

controllable pitch propeller

waterjet

propulsion line

deckhouse structure

ceiling

division


104

fire resisting division (alternative label: fire-resisting division)

class division

subdivision

pipe

steam pipe

exhaust pipe

boiler

oil-fired boiler

superstructure

role

owner

registered owner

person on board

passenger

passenger with need of assistance in an emergency

infant (alternative label: child under the age of one, child under one year)

child

seated passenger

passenger with need of special care

crewmember (alternative label: ship's personnel, mariner, crew, crew member, personnel, member of the

crew, seafarer)

officer

chief steward

deck cadet

engineer officer

second engineer (alternative label: 2nd engineer)

fourth engineer (alternative label: 4th engineer, junior engineer)

third engineer (alternative label: 3rd engineer)

chief engineer (alternative label: chief engineer officer)

boatswain

engineering cadet

security officer (alternative label: ship security officer)

deck officer

third officer (alternative label: third mate, 3rd mate, 3rd officer)

second officer (alternative label: 2nd officer, second mate, 2nd mate)

chief officer (alternative label: chief mate)

third officer (alternative label: third mate, 3rd mate, 3rd officer)

officer in charge (alternative label: officer-in-charge)

officer in charge of a navigational watch

officer in charge of an engineering watch

electrotechnical officer

second officer (alternative label: 2nd officer, second mate, 2nd mate)

officer of the watch (alternative label: OOW)

ship master (alternative label: master, shipmaster, captain)


105

designated officer

radio officer

chief cook

control officer

bridge officer

chief officer (alternative label: chief mate)

certificated person

certified lifeboatman

non-officer

helmsperson (alternative label: helmsman)

fireman (alternative label: fire-fighter, fire fighter)

seaman

lifeboat crewmember

rescue boat crewmember

member of the watch (alternative label: watchkeeper, watchmember, watch)

member of the engineering watch

member of the naviational watch

member of the anchor watch

second-in-command

trainee

stowaway

injured person

disabled person

untrained person (alternative label: unskilled person)

person in distress

able-bodied person (alternative label: able bodied person)

unconscious person

consignee

stevedore

assessor

competent person

harbour master (alternative label: harbor master)

SMS designated person

pilot

medical personnel

nurse

dentist

paramedic

doctor

ship agent

operator (alternative label: ship operator, company operating the ship)

charterer

SMS Auditor

instructor (alternative label: teacher, trainer)

port agent


106

legal concept

intermediate survey

survey

intermediate survey

periodical survey

annual survey

renewal survey

entering into force

in force

acceptance of certificate

renewal of certificate (alternative label: certificate renewal)

qualification of certificate

expiry date

expiry of certificate (alternative label: certificate expiry)

endorsement of certificate (alternative label: endorsement)

examination of certificate

validity period

issue of certificate

validity of certificate

regulation

law

national law

international law

local law

rule

special rule

legal act

prescription

by-law (alternative label: by law, bylaw, byelaw)

instruction

legislation

national legislation

directive

injunction

statute

decree

consent

mutual consent

expressed consent

interpretation

unified interpretation

validation of certificate (alternative label: validation, certificate validation)

infringement

permission


107

periodical survey

convention

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (alternative label: SOLAS)

Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (alternative label: MARPOL)

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers

(alternative label: STCW)

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation

International Convention for Safe Containers (alternative label: CSC)

revalidation of certificate (alternative label: certificate revalidation, revalidation)

annual survey

compliance (alternative label: comply with, compliance with)

level of compliance

gap in compliance

lack of compliance

deviating from the prescriptive requirements (alternative label: deviation from the prescriptive

requirements)

partial compliance

full compliance

exemption

resolution (alternative label: res)

restriction

contract

building contract

endorsed by

prohibition

renewal survey

enforcement

approval

in accordance with

force majeure

obligation (alternative label: duty)

applicable for (alternative label: application to, applicable to, prescribed for, applying to)

jurisdiction

water area

international water

coastal waters (alternative label: coastal area, coast)

east coast of Australia

coast of Somalia

adjacent coastal area

strait

strait of Gibraltar

International Strait

Dover strait


108

Red Sea

Southern Ocean

safety zone

fishing zone

Arctic Ocean

river

River St. Lawrence

North Sea (alternative label: North Sea area)

navigation zone

Indian Ocean

sea area

North Atlantic

Mediterranean Sea

limited waters

Antarctic waters

Pacific Ocean

polar waters (alternative label: polar water)

antarctic area

arctic waters

anchorage

bight

German bight

channel

English channel

lake

Great Lakes of North America

remote area

Baltic Sea (alternative label: Baltic sea area)

port zone

landlocked sea

territorial sea

Atlantic Ocean (alternative label: Atlantic)

sea lane

archipelago

Galapagos archipelago

tributary water

ship property

ship structural property

weight

displacement (alternative label: size)

full load displacement

light displacement

gross tonnage (alternative label: GT)

deadweight tonnage (alternative label: deadweight)


109

net tonnage (alternative label: NT)

depth

extreme depth

moulded depth

length (alternative label: ship's length)

upper ice waterline length

length between perpendiculars

length overall

breadth (alternative label: beam)

moulded breadth

draught (alternative label: draft)

deepest sea-going draught

upper ice waterline draught (alternative label: upper ice water line draught)

waterline (alternative label: water line)

upper ice waterline (alternative label: upper ice water line)

construction date (alternative label: ship constructed, keel laid date, date of construction)

freeboard

ship personnel property

number of passengers on board (alternative label: passengers on board)

number of persons on board (alternative label: persons on board, number of people on board)

number of infants on board (alternative label: infants on board)

ship characteristic

structural integrity

manoeuvrability (alternative label: maneuverability)

turning radius (alternative label: turning circle)

unseaworthy

capacity

buoyancy (alternative label: floatability)

stability (alternative label: ship's stability, stability characteristics)

vertical stability (alternative label: vertical extent)

intact stability (alternative label: stability in intact condition)

transverse stability

longitudinal stability (alternative label: longitudinal extent)

transverse penetration extent

damage stability (alternative label: residual stability, stability in damaged condition)

material

scantling of the structure

seaworthy

survivability

polar service temperature (alternative label: PST)

weathertightness (alternative label: weathertight integrity)

seakeeping

habitability

watertightness (alternative label: watertight integrity)

ship ice property


110

category C

ice strengthened category C (alternative label: ice strengthened in accordance with chapter 3)

ice strengthened

category B

category A

polar class (alternative label: polar ship category)

ice class

ship administrative property

operated by (alternative label: operated)

owned by (alternative label: owned)

flagstate (alternative label: flag state, flag)

ship construction property

delivery date

building contract date

construction date (alternative label: ship constructed, keel laid date, date of construction)

stage of construction

similar stage of construction

ship design property

fire safety design

ship's design (alternative label: ship design)

ship's relevant design

ship's design and arrangement

ship's relevant design and arrangement

ship's alternative design or arrangement (alternative label: alternative design or arrangement)

ship equipment

valve

vacuum valve

safety valve

non-return valve

pressure relief valve (alternative label: PRV)

isolating valve (alternative label: isolation valve)

pressure valve

spigot

crew equipment

protective clothing

warm clothing

polar clothing

suitable polar clothing

additional polar clothing

thermal protective aid

immersion suit

immersion suit with insulation

anti-exposure suit

fireman's outfit (alternative label: fire-figher's outfit)


111

thick mittens

blanket

ear protector

life-saving appliance (alternative label: life-saving arrangement, life saving appliance, life saving

equipment)

survival craft

liferaft (alternative label: life raft)

inflatable liferaft (alternative label: inflatable life raft)

self-righting liferaft (alternative label: self-righting life raft)

rigid liferaft (alternative label: rigid life raft)

lifeboat (alternative label: life boat)

partially enclosed lifeboat

free-fall lifeboat (alternative label: free fall lifeboat)

totally enclosed lifeboat (alternative label: fully enclosed lifeboat, completely enclosed lifeboat)

rescue boat

fast rescue boat

personal rescue equipment (alternative label: personal survival equipment)

lifejacket (alternative label: life jacket, life vest)

inflatable appliance

group survival equipment

lifeline

buoyant lifeline

lifebuoy (alternative label: life buoy)

life-saving signal (alternative label: distress signal, life saving signal)

lifebuoy signal

lifebuoy self-igniting light

lifebuoy self-activating smoke signal

distress flare

rocket parachute flare (alternative label: parachute flare)

lifejacket light (alternative label: life vest light, life jacket light)

search and rescue locating device (alternative label: SART, search and rescue transponder)

radio lifesaving appliance

two-way VHF radiotelephone

marine evacuation system

line-throwing appliance (alternative label: line throwing appliance)

light (alternative label: lighting)

navigation light

flashing light

signal lamp

safety lamp

search light (alternative label: searchlight)

low-location lighting (alternative label: LLL)

pump

fire pump

main fire pump


112

emergency fire pump

water spray pump

water mist pump

ballast pump

fire protection system

fire extinguishing appliance (alternative label: fire-fighting equipment, fire safety appliance, fire-

extinguishing system, fire safety system)

fire pump

main fire pump

emergency fire pump

water spray pump

water mist pump

fire hose (alternative label: hose)

hydrant

fire extinguisher (alternative label: extinguishing media, extinguisher)

portable extinguisher

semi-portable extinguisher

sprinkler system (alternative label: automatic sprinkler, sprinkler)

water-based firefighting system

fire nozzle

fire hydrant

international shore connection

fire main

smoke detection system (alternative label: smoke detector)

fire alarm system

smoke extraction system

fire detection system

navigational aid (alternative label: navigation aid, navigation equipment)

echo sounding device (alternative label: echo-sounding device)

echo sounding device with two separate independent transducers (alternative label: echo-sounding

device with two separate independent transducers)

sonar

echo sounding device (alternative label: echo-sounding device)

echo sounding device with two separate independent transducers (alternative label: echo-sounding

device with two separate independent transducers)

gyro compass repeater (alternative label: gyro repeater)

gyro compass bearing repeater

gyro compass heading repeater

gyro compass

speed and distance measuring device

integrated navigation system (alternative label: INS)

automatic identification system (alternative label: ais)

tide table

speed log

compass


113

radionavigation system receiver

Chayka receiver

GLONASS receiver

Loran-C receiver

position fixing system

global positioning system (alternative label: gps)

chart

nautical chart

integrated bridge system (alternative label: IBS)

sailing directions

electronic chart display and information system (alternative label: ECDIS)

Raster Chart Display System (alternative label: RCDS)

heading control system

notice to mariners

nautical publication

GNSS compass

track control system

automatic radar plotting aid (alternative label: ARPA)

international code of signals

list of lights

communication system (alternative label: ship communication, communication equipment)

voice communication

voice communication with aircraft

two-way voice communication

two-way voice communication with a Telemedical Assistance Service

ship-to-ship communication

vhf radiotelephone

data communication

two-way data communication

transceiver (alternative label: transponder)

engine room telegraph

on-scene communication

two-way on-scene communication

two-way portable radio communication equipment

SAR coordination communication (alternative label: Search and rescue coordinating communications)

sound signalling system

ship-to-shore communication

rescue boat communication capabilities

mf/hf radiotelephone

navtex (alternative label: navigational telex)

radio installation

medical equipment

machinery installation (alternative label: machinery system, machinery)

auxiliary machinery

generator


114

steam generator

combustion air for internal combustion engine

steering equipment

steering gear

main steering gear

steering lever

rudder

steering wheel

on board training aid

training manual

audio visual aid

public address system

electrical installation

safety fuse

emergency equipment

emergency alarm system

emergency power supply

emergency source of electrical power

emergency lighting

radio beacon (alternative label: emergency position-indicating radio beacon, position-indicating radio

beacon, EPIRB)

emergency steering

recording aid

voyage data recorder

meteorological measuring device

barometer

barograph

hygrometer

psychrometer

hydrometer

thermometer

closing appliance (alternative label: closing device)

control system

alarm panel

night vision equipment

oil filtering equipment

necessary equipment

incinerator

ventilation system (alternative label: ventilation)

electronic equipment

document

maintenance agreement

maintenance contract gmdss

certificate


115

statutory certificate

MARPOL statutory certificate

international energy efficiency certificate

international pollution prevention certificate for the carriage of noxious liquid substances in bulk

international sewage pollution prevention certificate (alternative label: ISPP certificate)

international oil pollution prevention certificate (alternative label: iopp certificate)

international air pollution prevention certificate

SOLAS statutory certificate

international ship security certificate (alternative label: issc)

cargo ship safety certificate

cargo ship safety equipment certificate

polar ship certificate

high-speed craft safety certificate

special purpose ship safety certificate (alternative label: SPS certificate)

cargo ship safety construction certificate

safety management certificate ism

cargo ship safety radio certificate

document of compliance ism

passenger ship safety certificate

list of operational limitations

exemption certificate

tonnage statutory certificate

international tonnage certificate

MLC 2006 statutory certificate

declaration of maritime labour compliance

maritime labour certificate

load line statutory certificate

international load line certificate

international load line exemption certificate

afs certificate

international anti-fouling system certificate

ship equipment certificate

emergency position indicating radio beacon for liferafts certificate (alternative label: epirb for liferafts

certificate)

liferaft certificate

liferaft launching appliances certificate

lifeboat certificate

davit for lifeboats certificate

lifeboat launching appliances certificate

emergency position indicating radio beacon battery for rescue boat and lifeboat certificate (alternative

label: epirb battery for rescue boat and lifeboat)

rescue boat certificate

davit for rescue boat certificate

rescue boat launching appliances certificate

hydrostatic release unit certificate


116

fireman's outfit certificate

tail shaft certificate

unattended machinery space certificate

radar transponder certificate

voyage data recorder certificate

fixed fire extinguishing co2 system certificate

compass certificate

marine evacuation system certificate (alternative label: mes certificate)

type approval certificate for incinerator

spare compass certificate

crew certificate

medical certificate

medical certificate by flag

certificate of competency

ship sanitation certificate

medical oxygen certificate

disinfestation ship certificate

ship sanitation control exemption certificate

medical box certificate

flag state certificate

certificate of flag registry

radio station licence

continuous synopsis record (alternative label: csr)

minimum safe manning certificate

seaworthiness certificate (alternative label: trade certificate)

test certificate

marine evacuation system certificate (alternative label: mes deployment certificate)

Fire extinguisher inspection certificate

AIS test report

compass adjustment certificate

periodic servicing of launching appliances and on-load release gear certificate

document of compliance issued by the testing facility

LRIT conformance test report

insurance certificate

certificate of insurance or any other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution damage

certificate of insurance or any other financial security in respect of civil liability for bunker oil pollution

damage

class certificate

machinery certificate

hull certificate

record book

logbook

record of oil discharge monitoring and control system

record book of engine parameters

cargo record book


117

oil record book

garbage record book

cargo gear record book

emergency plan

intact stability booklet

shipboard oil pollution emergency plan

first-aid procedure (alternative label: first aid procedure)

shipboard marine pollution emergency plan for NLS

muster list

fire safety operational booklet

SAR coordination plan for passenger ships trading on fixed routes

damage control plan

fire control plan

single copy

code

International Bulk Chemical Code

Seafarers' Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code (alternative label: STCW Code)

International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (alternative label: ISPS Code)

Polar Code (alternative label: International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters)

International Safety Management Code (alternative label: ISM Code)

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (alternative label: IMDG Code)

single original

report

inspection report

official report

survey report

portside tailshaft modified survey

boiler certificate class renewal survey

in water survey

starboard tailshaft complete survey

starboard tailshaft modified survey

dry docking inspection certificate

boiler annual external survey

automated installations annual survey

automated installation class renewal survey

portside tailshaft complete survey

ship manual

garbage management plan

STS operation plan and records of STS operations

procedures and arrangements manual

loading/unloading plan for bulk carriers

cargo securing manual

Polar Water Operational Manual (alternative label: PWOM)

checklist

check list ais


118

protocol

up-to-date copy (alternative label: up to date copy)

guideline

certified copy

single instrument

as-built construction drawing

circular

form

maritime situation

weather condition (alternative label: meteorological condition)

adverse weather condition (alternative label: adverse condition, unfavourable weather condition)

storm

cyclone

tropical cyclone (alternative label: tropical storm, severe tropical storm)

willy-willy

hurricane

sandstorm

gale (alternative label: gale force wind)

squall

tornado

dangerous storm

typhoon

ice (alternative label: ice condition)

ice development

old ice

multi year ice (alternative label: multi-year ice)

light multi year ice (alternative label: light multi-year ice)

heavy multi year ice (alternative label: heavy multi-year ice)

residual ice (alternative label: residual first-year ice, residual first year ice)

second year ice (alternative label: second-year ice)

first year ice (alternative label: first-year ice)

thin first year ice (alternative label: white ice, thin first-year ice)

thin first year ice second stage (alternative label: white ice second stage, thin first-year ice, 2nd stage,

thin first-year ice second stage, thin first year ice, 2nd stage)

thin first year ice first stage (alternative label: white ice first stage, thin first-year ice, 1st stage, thin first-

year ice first stage, thin first year ice, 1st stage)

thick first year ice (alternative label: thick first-year ice)

medium first year ice (alternative label: medium first-year ice)

new ice

slush (alternative label: slush ice, slush ice condition)

shuga

frazil ice

grease ice

young ice


119

grey ice

grey-white ice

nilas

dark nilas

ice rind

light nilas

lake ice development (alternative label: development of lake ice)

medium lake ice

very thick lake ice

new lake ice

thick lake ice

thin lake ice

snow ice

ice arrangement

ice field

medium ice field

large ice field

ice patch

small ice field

ice boundary

fast ice boundary (alternative label: fast-ice boundary)

concentration boundary

ice edge

ice limit

mean ice edge

fast ice edge (alternative label: fast-ice edge)

median ice edge

compacted ice edge

jammed brash barrier

diffuse ice edge

ice massif

ice bight (alternative label: ice bay)

ice jam

belt

strip

ice isthmus

iceberg tongue

marginal ice zone

floating ice

iceberg

bergy bit

tabular berg

growler

domed iceberg

glacier berg


120

medium iceberg (alternative label: medium berg)

dry-docked iceberg

small iceberg (alternative label: small berg)

large iceberg (alternative label: large berg)

ice island fragment

sloping iceberg

ice island

pinnacle iceberg

blocky iceberg

weathered iceberg

very large iceberg (alternative label: very large berg)

ice breccia

ice cake

small ice cake

floe

small floe

big floe

medium floe

vast floe

giant floe

lake ice

river ice

brash ice

pancake ice

sea ice (alternative label: sea-ice)

drift ice (alternative label: pack ice)

sea ice growth

fast ice

floeberg

floebit

ice cover

ice of land origin

calved ice of land origin

iceberg

bergy bit

tabular berg

growler

domed iceberg

glacier berg

medium iceberg (alternative label: medium berg)

dry-docked iceberg

small iceberg (alternative label: small berg)

large iceberg (alternative label: large berg)

ice island fragment

sloping iceberg


121

ice island

pinnacle iceberg

blocky iceberg

weathered iceberg

very large iceberg (alternative label: very large berg)

glacier ice (alternative label: glacial ice)

ice wall

glacier

glacier tongue

ice stream

ice shelf

ice front

firn

ice accretion (alternative label: accretion of ice)

dangerous ice

ice concentration (alternative label: concentration)

open water (alternative label: freely navigable water)

ice-free (alternative label: ice free, ice free water, ice-free water)

compact ice

consolidated ice

bergy water

ice-covered water (alternative label: ice-covered polar water, ice covered water, ice covered polar water)

open ice

close ice

sub-freezing air temperature (alternative label: sub freezing temperature, sub freezing air temperature,

sub-freezing temperature)

severe weather condition (alternative label: bad weather, bad weather condition)

wind

storm

cyclone

tropical cyclone (alternative label: tropical storm, severe tropical storm)

willy-willy

hurricane

sandstorm

gale (alternative label: gale force wind)

squall

tornado

dangerous storm

typhoon

turbulence

wind gust (alternative label: gust of wind)

visibility

good visibility

poor visibility (alternative label: reduced visibility)

restricted visibility


122

swell

slight swell

moderate swell

heavy swell

sea state

rough sea

smooth sea (alternative label: calm water)

crested waves

long crested waves

short crested waves

moderate sea (alternative label: moderate sea condition)

temperature

sea water intake temperature

freezing temperature

sub-freezing air temperature (alternative label: sub freezing temperature, sub freezing air temperature,

sub-freezing temperature)

low temperature (alternative label: low air temperature)

very low temperature

extremely low temperature

mean daily low temperature (alternative label: MDLT)

mist

fog

snow

heavy snow

pressure

atmospheric pressure

barometric pressure

rapidly changing and severe weather condition

drought

rain

heavy rain

seasonal rain squall

heavy rain clutter (alternative label: rain clutter)

Beaufort scale

cloud

improved weather

dust

hazard (alternative label: dangerous situation, hazardous situation)

navigational hazard (alternative label: danger to navigation)

shoal (alternative label: sandbank)

shallow water

derelict

current

ocean current

thermohaline circulation


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longshore current (alternative label: littoral drift, longshore drift)

tidal current (alternative label: tidal stream)

wind generated current

traffic condition (alternative label: traffic)

extended period of daylight

darkness

geographical situation

miles from the nearest land

remoteness

daylight

by day

by night (alternative label: at night)

extended period of darkness

tidal change

navigational term

direction of thrust of the propellers (alternative label: direction of thrust)

at anchor

speed (alternative label: velocity)

operational speed

safe speed

maximum astern speed

constant speed

variable speed

moderate speed

relative speed

actual time of arrival (alternative label: ata)

actual time of departure (alternative label: atd)

position (alternative label: fix)

latitude (alternative label: lat)

high latitude

longitude (alternative label: lon)

pitch of the propeller

course

true course

port of arrival

estimated time of arrival (alternative label: eta)

under way (alternative label: underway)

wheel-over point (alternative label: wheel over point)

waypoint (alternative label: way-point)

estimated time of departure (alternative label: etd)

distance

heading (alternative label: ship's heading)

true heading

closest approach


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port of origin

IT system

ship routeing system

vessel traffic service (alternative label: vts)

SafeSeaNet (alternative label: Safe Sea Net)

port system

global maritime distress and safety system (alternative label: gmdss)

long range identification and tracking (alternative label: lrit)

database

navigational system

ship reporting system

maritime activity

cargo handling activity

segregation

unloading

securing

warehousing

loading

safe loading

cargo handling

stowage (alternative label: lashing)

slinging

ship maintenance

ballasting

crude oil washing

lightering

disposal of waste (alternative label: waste disposal)

discharge

discharge of residues

discharge into the sea

cleaning

preventing snow accretion

pest control

fumigation

repair

painting

removing ice accretion (alternative label: ice removal, removal of ice)

removing snow accretion

preventing ice accretion

sandblasting

renewal

maintenance

bunkering


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fire patrol

shiphandling activity (alternative label: manoeuvre, manoeuvring)

passage planning (alternative label: route planning)

collision avoidance (alternative label: preventing collisions)

dynamic positioning

sailing

berthing

going astern

navigation

coastal navigation

ship routeing

watchkeeping

engineering watch

navigational watch

bridge watchkeeping

anchor watch

embarkation

disembarkation

towing

steering

mooring

voyage planning

position fixing

ice navigation

reversing

fendering

re routeing

marine activity

ice patrol

hydrographic surveying

oil recovery

offshore drilling

mapping

seabed mining

search and rescue (alternative label: SAR)

salvage

transport of migrants by sea

fishing (alternative label: catching fish)

ocean fertilization

wreck removal

fish farming

pilgrim trade

protection of the environment (alternative label: measure to protect the environment,

environmental protection)

spill response


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mining

offshore mining

oil transfer

marine administration activity

investigation

accident investigation (alternative label: casualty investigation)

surveying

inspection

extended inspection

tonnage measurement

traffic monitoring (alternative label: monitor traffic)

registration of person

release of ship

ship registration

ship identification

ship tracking

transfer of register

documentation

transboundary cooperation

certification of seafarers

interdiction of ship

surveying

ship operation (alternative label: operation)

environmental ship operation

prevention of pollution (alternative label: pollution prevention)

prevention of oil pollution

voyage

relocation voyage

ballast voyage

international voyage

emergency action

first aid (alternative label: first-aid)

fire fighting (alternative label: fire-fighting)

prevention of the spread of fire

extinction of fire

rescuing persons from the sea

survival

damage control

evacuation (alternative label: abandon ship)

safe evacuation

safe return to port

operation in ice (alternative label: ice operation, operation in the presence of ice, operating in or in the

presence of ice, operation in or in the presence of ice)

normal operation

safe ship operation (alternative label: safe operation, safe operation of the ship)


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ship-to-ship operation (alternative label: ship to ship operation, STS cargo transfer, STS operation, ship-

to-ship cargo transfer, ship to ship transfer, STS transfer, ship-to-ship transfer)

polar operation

escorted operation

unlawful activity (alternative label: unlawful practice, unlawful act)

smuggling

drug smuggling (alternative label: drug trafficking)

armed robbery (alternative label: crime of armed robbery, armed robbery against ships)

terrorism

piracy (alternative label: crime of piracy, act of piracy)

human trafficking

unlawful practice associated with certificates

misuse of equipment (alternative label: misuse)

unlawful act threatening the safety of the ship

unlawful act of violence

ship management activity

reporting

ship reporting

shipbuilding activity

approval of design and arrangement

engineering analysis

modification

ship dismantling (alternative label: ship scrapping, scrapping, shipbreaking)

ship design

outfitting

ship conversion (alternative label: conversion)

alteration

ship recycling

ship retrofitting

Shiprepair

shipbuilding

port activity

port state control

port survey

port policing

port management

port maintenance

port state jurisdiction

port planning and development

procedure

survey planning

emergency management

survival craft muster

emergency instruction


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bridge procedure

bridge resource management

risk-based procedure (alternative label: risk based procedure)

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (alternative label: SEEMP)

training

simulator training

practical training

on-board training (alternative label: training at sea, on board training)

drill

fire drill

enclosed space entry and rescue drill

abandon ship drill

emergency training

computer based training (alternative label: CBT, computer-based training)

pilot transfer arrangement

decision making

embarkation arrangements

engine room procedure

engine room resource management (alternative label: engine-room resource management)

good management practice

Safety Management System (alternative label: SMS)

organisation

administration

committee

Maritime Safety Committee (alternative label: MSC)

Marine Environment Protection Committee (alternative label: MEPC)

Legal Committee (alternative label: LEG)

Technical Cooperation Committee (alternative label: TC)

Facilitation Committee (alternative label: FAL)

agency

non-governmental agency

specialised agency (alternative label: specialized agency)

association

institution

Royal National Lifeboat Institution (alternative label: RNLI)

British Standards Institution

federation

International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations (alternative label: IFSMA)

International Association of Classification Societies (alternative label: IACS)

International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (alternative label: Intertanko)

non-governmental organisation (alternative label: non-government organisation)

International Chamber of Shipping (alternative label: ICS)

government

non-contracting government


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contracting government

port

port of call

coal port

intergovernmental organisation

United Nations (alternative label: UN)

European Maritime Safety Agency (alternative label: EMSA)

World Custom Organization (alternative label: World Custom Organisation, WCO)

European Commission (alternative label: EC)

World Health Organization (alternative label: WHO)

International Maritime Organization (alternative label: IMO)

committee

Maritime Safety Committee (alternative label: MSC)

Marine Environment Protection Committee (alternative label: MEPC)

Legal Committee (alternative label: LEG)

Technical Cooperation Committee (alternative label: TC)

Facilitation Committee (alternative label: FAL)

sub-committee

Sub-Committee on Implementation of IMO Instruments (alternative label: III)

Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (alternative label: HTW)

Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (alternative label: NCSR)

Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (alternative label: PPR)

Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (alternative label: DC)

Sub-Committee on Ship Systems and Equipment (alternative label: SSE)

Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (alternative label: CCC)

Sub-Committee on Bulk Liquids and Gases (alternative label: BLG)

Sub-Committee on Carriage of Dangerous Goods, Solid Cargoes and Containers (alternative label: DSC)

Sub-Committee on Fire Protection (alternative label: FP)

Sub-Committee on Radio-communications and Search and Rescue (alternative label: COSMAR)

Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation (alternative label: NAV)

Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Equipment (alternative label:

DE)

Sub-Committee on Stability and Load Lines and Fishing Vessels Safety (alternative label: SLF)

Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping (alternative label: STW)

Sub-Committee on Flag State Implementation (alternative label: FSI)

assembly (alternative label: A.)

council

European Union (alternative label: EU)

International Labour Organization

navy

insurance organisation (alternative label: insurance organization)

surveyor

government institute

Hydrographic office

Maritime and Coastguard Agency (alternative label: MCGA)


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classification society

company

shipping line

coastguard

recognised organisation

IMO Structure

ship

merchant ship (alternative label: civil ship)

cargo ship (alternative label: freighter ship, freighter, Cargo vessel)

dry cargo vessel (alternative label: dry cargo ship)

heavy lift vessel

open deck cargo ship

semi-submersible heavy lift ship

Dock landing ship (alternative label: dock ship)

project cargo ship

containership (alternative label: container ship, container carrier)

feeder vessel (alternative label: feeder ship)

Panamax container vessel (alternative label: Panamax)

ultra large container ship

refrigerated container ship

hatchcoverless container ship

post-Panamax container ship (alternative label: post-Panamax)

ro-ro vessel

car carrier

sto-ro paper carrier

multi-purpose ro-ro carrier

ro-ro freight ferry

cassette carrier

bulk carrier

self-unloading wood chip carrier (alternative label: self unloading wood chip carrier)

self-unloading coal carrier (alternative label: self unloading coal carrier)

cement carrier

coal carrier

sugar carrier

self-discharging bulk carrier (alternative label: SUBC, self-unloading bulk carrier, self discharging bulk

carrier)

ore carrier

open hatch bulk carrier (alternative label: OHBC, open bulk carrier, conbulker)

roll-on/roll-off container vessel (alternative label: con-ro vessel, ConRo)

Coastal trading vessel (alternative label: coaster)

low air draught coaster

tanker (alternative label: tank ship, tankship, liquid cargo ship)

crude oil tanker (alternative label: oil tanker)

ultra large crude carrier (alternative label: ULCC)


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Suezmax tanker

arctic tanker

shuttle tanker

very large crude carrier (alternative label: VLCC)

Aframax tanker

coastal tanker

chemical tanker

fruit juice tanker

orange juice carrier

shuttle tanker

gas carrier

Ethylene tanker

tanker for palm oil

molten sulphur tanker

petrol tanker

asphalt-bitumen tanker

combination carrier

ore oil carrier (alternative label: OO)

ore bulk oil carrier (alternative label: OBO)

Category C cargo ship

industrial vessel

drillship

passenger ship

ro-ro freight ferry

fishing vessel

service vessel

special purpose vessel (alternative label: special purpose ship)

ship intended to operate in low air temperature

stationary vessel (alternative label: stationary ship)

hotel vessel (alternative label: hotel ship)

storage vessel (alternative label: storage ship)

air cushion vehicle

icebreaker (alternative label: ice breaker)

submarine

hydrofoil

pleasure yacht

naval vessel

troopship

warship (alternative label: ship of war)

naval auxiliary vessel (alternative label: naval auxiliary)

high-speed craft

nuclear ship (alternative label: nuclear-powered vessel, nuclear powered vessel)

cargo

scrap


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heavy scrap

metal scrap (alternative label: scrap metal)

light scrap

oil (alternative label: petroleum, oily mixture)

crude oil

oil residues (alternative label: sludge)

fuel oil (alternative label: oil fuel)

heavy grade oil

lubricating oil

diesel oil

heavy cargo

ship's cargo

dangerous cargo (alternative label: dangerous goods, hazardous cargo)

toxic waste

radioactive waste

wood pulp (alternative label: pulp wood)

industrial waste

refrigerated cargo

large shipment

substance

biocide

oil (alternative label: petroleum, oily mixture)

crude oil

oil residues (alternative label: sludge)

fuel oil (alternative label: oil fuel)

heavy grade oil

lubricating oil

diesel oil

IMDG substance (alternative label: International Maritime Dangerous Goods substance)

Class 1 substance (alternative label: explosive)

Class 1.1 substance (alternative label: substance which has a mass explosion hazard)

Class 1.6 substance (alternative label: extremely insensitive article which does not have a mass explosion

hazard)

Class 1.4 substance (alternative label: substance which presents no significant hazard)

Class 1.3 substance (alternative label: substance which has a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard

or a minor projection hazard or both)

Class 1.5 substance (alternative label: very insensitive substance which has a mass explosion hazard)

Class 1.2 substance (alternative label: substance which has a projection hazard)

Class 6 substance

Class 6.1 substance (alternative label: toxic substance)

Class 6.2 substance (alternative label: infectious substance)

Class 9 substance (alternative label: miscellaneous dangerous substance)

Class 3 substance (alternative label: flammable liquid)

Class 5 substance


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Class 5.1 substance (alternative label: oxidizing substance)

Class 5.2 substance (alternative label: organic peroxid)

Class 2 substance (alternative label: gas)

Class 2.2 substance (alternative label: non-flammable, non-toxic gas)

Class 2.3 substance (alternative label: toxic gas)

Class 2.1 substance (alternative label: flammable gas)

Class 8 substance (alternative label: corrosive substance)

Class 4 substance

Class 4.3 substance (alternative label: substance which, in contact with water, emits flammable gases)

Class 4.1 substance (alternative label: flammable solid, solid desensitized explosive, self-reactive

substance)

Class 4.2 substance (alternative label: substance liable to spontaneous combustion)

Class 7 substance (alternative label: radioactive material)

hazardous substance

radioactive substance

plutonium

poisonous substance (alternative label: toxic substance)

MARPOL Annex 2 substance

Category X substance

Category Y substance

Category Z substance

water

wastewater (alternative label: waste water)

ballast water

contaminated water

feedwater (alternative label: feed water)

fresh water

bilge water

drinking water

ozone depleting substance

hydro-chlorofluorocarbon

tin

perfluorocarbon (alternative label: PFCs, PFC)

oily mixture

greenhouse gas (alternative label: GHG)

ethyl

liquid substance

volatile organic compound (alternative label: VOC)

organic peroxide

noxious liquid

combustible substance (alternative label: combustible material)

asphalt

asbestos

gasoline

halon


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tributyl

pesticide

non-combustible substance (alternative label: non combustible substance, non combustible material, non-

combustible material)

hydrogen sulphide

sulphur

crew condition

physiological state

medical condition

injury

hypothermia

illness (alternative label: sickness, disease)

mental health condition

fatigue

fitness

good health

physiological state of agitation

impairment

distraction

human performance (alternative label: crew performance, performance)

deteriorated human performance (alternative label: deteriorated performance)

unattended

periodically unattended

attended

working environment

hazardous area (alternative label: hazardous environment)

outdoor working environment

non-hazardous area (alternative label: safe environment, non-hazardous environment, safe area, safe

working environment)

smoke

ship crew experience (alternative label: crew experience, experience, experience of the ship crew,

experience of the crew)

shipboard experience

lack of ship crew experience (alternative label: lack of crew experience, lack of experience)

lack of ship crew experience in polar operations (alternative label: lack of crew experience in polar

operations, lack of experience in polar operations)

noise

machinery noise

readiness

habitable environment

level of competence (alternative label: standard of competence, professional competence, competence,

competency)

safety of life at sea

escalation of incidents


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survival time

human error

alertness

use of medication (alternative label: medication use)

working language

offshore installation

offshore terminal

offshore platform

floating platform

semi-submersible platform (alternative label: semi submersible platform)

spar platform (alternative label: spar)

floating storage unit (alternative label: FSU)

floating storage and offloading system (alternative label: FSO)

floating production, storage and offloading system (alternative label: FPSO)

tension-leg platform (alternative label: TLP)

drilling platform (alternative label: drilling rig)

mobile offshore drilling unit (alternative label: MODU)

oil platform (alternative label: oil rig)

fixed platform

compliant tower

mobile offshore unit

self-propelled mobile offshore unit (alternative label: self-propelled MOU)

non self-propelled mobile offshore unit (alternative label: non self-propelled MOU)

equipment condition

performance of equipment

performance of safety equipment

performance of systems

good order (alternative label: proper function, working order, good working order)

readily accessible

available for immidiate use

fully charged condition

malfunction of equipment (alternative label: fault, malfunctioning of equipment, malfunction)

malfunction of safety equipment (alternative label: malfunctioning of safety equipment)

dangerous overpressure

limited communication capability

loss of performance

loss of performance of battery

reduction of equipment functionality

reduced availability of equipment

reduced availability of navigational aids

breakdown (alternative label: break-down)

short circuit

serious malfunction


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icing

icing of structures

topside icing

viscosity

increased viscosity (alternative label: increased viscosity of liquids)

excessive viscosity (alternative label: excessive viscosity of liquids)

performance standard

maximum working stress

malfunction of systems

thermal protection of equipment (alternative label: thermal protection)

material property

freezing

equipment efficiency

lack of equipment

lack of suitable emergency response equipment

chart coverage

prolonged use

service

nautical information

seagoing service

government non-commercial service

navigational information

radio service

Maritime Assistance Service (alternative label: MAS)

meteorological information (alternative label: weather information)

operational instruction

hydrographic information (alternative label: hydrographic service)

ice information

icebreaker assistance

ice management function

appropriate service

Telemedical Assistance Service (alternative label: TMAS, telemedical assistance)

ship condition

damaged condition (alternative label: damage, adverse ship condition)

ice damage (alternative label: ice damage extent, ice-related damage)

loading condition (alternative label: load condition)

trim

full load condition

accident

grounding

hull penetration

collision

incident


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emergency condition (alternative label: emergency)

distress

flooding

fire

emergency alarm (alternative label: alarm)

capsizing

build stage

exceptional circumstance

reduction of stability

entrapment by ice

heel

ice allowance

document part

amendment

subchapter

article

paragraph

subheading (alternative label: sub-heading, sub heading)

subparagraph

annex

chapter

definition

appendix

part

requirement

safety requirement

retroactive requirement

functional requirement (alternative label: prescriptive requirement)

goal

electrical requirement

international requirement

navigational demand

kpi

Repository Design · IMO Resolution A.893(21) Circular Guidelines or unified interpretation...

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