Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101 · Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA...

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101Report of the Committee on

Safety to Life

Technical Correlating Committee (SAF-AAC)

Chair James R. Quiter, Arup Fire, CA [SE]

Secretary (Staff-NV) Ron Cot, National Fire Protection Association, MA

Principal Richard W. Bukowski, US National Institute of Standards & Technology, MD [RT] Rep. Signaling Systems Correlating Committee Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Lee J. Dosedlo, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT] Jackie T. Gibbs, Marietta Fire Department, GA [U] Rep. International Association of Fire Chiefs Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] J. Edmund Kalie, Jr., Prince George s County Government, MD [E] Ronald K. Mengel, Honeywell Fire Solutions/System Sensor, IL [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [C] Rep. American Public Health Association Kirby W. Perry, Kirby W. Perry Architects & Associates Incorporated, TX [SE] Rep. American Institute of Architects Lawrence G. Perry, Building Owners & Managers Association International, MD [U]

Alternate Robert E. Burke, Muse & Associates, DC [C] Alt. to Jake Pauls Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman Martin H. Reiss, The RJA Group, Incorporated, MA [SE] Alt. to James R. Quiter Michael S. Shulman, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, CA [RT] Alt. to Lee J. Dosedlo Michael D. Tomy, Heery International Incorporated, GA [SE] Alt. to Kirby W. Perry

Nonvoting David A. de Vries, Firetech Engineering Incorporated, IL [SE] Rep. TC on Means of Egress William E. Fitch, Omega Point Laboratories Incorporated, TX [RT] Rep. TC on Furnishings & Contents Ralph Gerdes, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Rep. TC on Assembly Occupancies & Membrane Structures Wayne D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control, CT [I] Rep. TC on Industrial, Storage, & Miscellaneous Occupancies Morgan J. Hurley, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, MD [U] Rep. TC on Fundamentals Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE] Rep. TC on Detention & Correctional Occupancies Philip R. Jose, US Department of Veterans Affairs, NY [U] Rep. TC on Board & Care Facilities Richard L. Klinker, Klinker & Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Rep. TC on Building Service & Fire Protection Equipment James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, CT [SE] Rep. TC on Residential Occupancies Daniel J. OConnor, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Rep. TC on Health Care Occupancies Eric R. Rosenbaum, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Rep. TC on Fire Protection Features Ed Schultz, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Rep. TC on Mercantile & Business Occupancies Catherine L. Stashak, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Rep. TC on Educational & Day-Care Occupancies David W. Stroup, US National Institute of Standards & Technology, MD [RT] Rep. TC on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety

Member Emeritus John L. Bryan, Frederick, MD [SE]Harold E. Nelson, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE]

Staff Liaison: Ron Cot

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the protection of human life from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences and for the nonemergency and emergency movement of people.

Report of the Committee onAssembly Occupancies and Membrane Structures (SAF-AXM)

Chair Ralph Gerdes, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE]


Principal Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District, UT [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Stanton M. Alexander, North American Testing Company, FL [ M] Weston E. Bacon, Jr., Bacon Hedland Management, Incorporated, IL [U] Rep. International Association of Exposition Management Scott R. Bartlett, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MA [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association George D. Bushey, Rosser International, GA [SE] William Conner, Schuler & Shook, Incorporated, IL [SE] Rep. American Society of Theater Consultants Bhola Dhume, City of New Orleans, LA [E] Ronald R. Farr, Kalamazoo Township Fire Department, MI [E] Rep. Michigan Fire Inspectors Society Robert D. Fiedler, City of Lincoln, NE [E] William E. Fitch, Omega Point Laboratories Incorporated, TX [RT] Wesley W. Hayes, Polk County Fire Services Division, FL [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals AssociationRoland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Incorporated, TX [IM] Jonathan Humble, American Iron and Steel Institute, CT [M] Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] John Lake, Marion County Fire Rescue, FL [E] Rep. NE Florida Fire Prevention Association Vern L. Martindale, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, UT [U] Joseph J. Messersmith, Jr., Portland Cement Association, VA [M] Gregory R. Miller, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [U] Rep. National Association of Theatre Owners Keith C. Nagelski, Soft Play, L.L.C., NC [M] Rep. International Play Equipment Manufacturers Assn. Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [SE] Steven W. Peavey, Altamonte Springs Fire Department, FL [E] Rep. Florida Fire Marshals & Inspectors Association Larry B. Perkins, RBC Center/Carolina Hurricanes, NC [U] Rep. International Association of Assembly Managers, Incorporated John William Pritchett, Athens-Clarke County Fire Department, GA [E] Ed Roether, HOK SVE, MO [U] Karl G. Ruling, Entertainment Services & Technology Assn., NY [U] Rep. US Institute for Theatre Technology Philip R. Sherman, Philip R. Sherman, PE, NH [SE] Jeffrey S. Tubbs, Arup Fire, MA [SE] Daniel R. Victor, Interkal, LLC, MI [M] Rep. National School Supply & Equipment Assn. Paul L. Wertheimer, Crowd Management Strategies, IL [SE]

Alternate Gene Boecker, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [U] Alt. to Gregory R. Miller David Cook, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Alt. to Ralph Gerdes Jerrold S. Gorrell, City of Phoenix, AZ [U] Alt. to Karl G. Ruling Mike Hayward, Little Tikes Commercial Play Systems Incorporated, MO [M] Alt. to Keith C. Nagelski Eugene Leitermann, Theatre Projects Consultants, Incorporated, CT [SE] Alt. to William Conner Vern T. Lewis, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, UT [U] Alt. to Vern L. Martindale Steven J. Scandaliato, Scandaliato Design Group, Incorporated, CO [IM] Alt. to Roland J. Huggins Stephen V. Skalko, Portland Cement Association, GA [M] Alt. to Joseph J. Messersmith Mark V. Smith, Gainesville Fire Rescue Department, FL [E] Alt. to John Lake Robert B. Treiber, National Fire Sprinkler Association, Incorporated, OH [M] Alt. to Kevin J. Kelly Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] Alt. to Jonathan Humble


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101nonemergency and emergency movement of people in assembly occupancies, tents, and membrane structures.

Report of the Committee on Board and Care Facilities (SAF-BCF)

Chair Philip R. Jose, US Department of Veterans Affairs, NY [U] Rep. US Department of Veterans Affairs

Secretary (Staff-NV) Gregory E. Harrington, National Fire Protection Association, MA

Principal Gregory J. Austin, Gentex Corporation, MI [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Warren D. Bonisch, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, TX [I] Harry L. Bradley, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Philip C. Favro, Philip C. Favro & Associates, CA [SE] Laura A. Hoffman, Volunteer State Community College, TN [SE] Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] David Ray Kiely, The Charles Lea Center, SC [U] Rep. American Network of Community Options & Resources James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, CT [SE] Paul E. Patty, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT] Francis G. Reuer, US Department of Health & Human Services, CO [E]

Voting Alternate Harold E. Nelson, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE]

Alternate Kerry M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT] Alt. to Paul E. Patty Oystein (Sam) F. Husoe, National Fire Sprinkler Association, CA [M] Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman Cindy Mahan, Friendship Community Care, Incorporated, AR [U] Alt. to David Ray Kiely James W. Rice, US Department of Veterans Affairs, MI [U] Alt. to Philip R. Jose James F. Woodford, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MA [M] Alt. to Gregory J. Austin Mayer D. Zimmerman, US Departnent of Health & Human Services, MD [E] Alt. to Francis G. Reuer

Staff Liaison: Gregory E. Harrington

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the emergency movement of people, in residential board and care facilities.

Report of the Committee onBuilding Service and Fire Protection Equipment (SAF-BSF)

Chair Richard L. Klinker, Klinker & Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE]


Principal Keith A. Ball, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, FL [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association Harry L. Bradley, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Pat D. Brock, Oklahoma State University, OK [SE] Phillip A. Brown, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Incorporated, TX [IM] Paul M. Donga, Boston Fire Department, MA [E] Edward A. Donoghue, Edward A. Donoghue Associates, Incorporated, NY [M] Rep. National Elevator Industry Incorporated Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Joseph M. Jardin, New York City Fire Department, NY [C] Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Ignatius Kapalczynski, Connecticut Department of Public Safety , CT [E] David P. Klein, US Department of Veterans Affairs, MD [U] Dennis A. Lockard, Newport Beach Fire Department, CA [E] Rep. Western Fire Chiefs Association Roger L. McDaniel, Florida Department of Corrections, FL [U] James M. Mundry, Jr. Siemens Building Technology Incorporated, NY [M] Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, IncorporatedRichard R. Osman, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Dinesh K. Patel, US Department of the Navy, CA [U] Martin H. Reiss, The RJA Group, Incorporated, MA [SE]

James Tizzano, Township of Old Bridge, NJ [E]William A. Webb, Performance Technology Consulting, Limited, IL [SE] Carl Dewayne Wren, Austin Fire Department, TX [E] Alternate Lisa Marie Bossert, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, NC [I] Alt. to Richard R. Osman James D. Brown, Oklahoma State Universtiy, OK [SE] Alt. to Pat D. Brock Davie J. Camp, Thyssen Krupp Elevator, TN [M] Alt. to Edward A. Donoghue Greg Gottlieb, Hauppauge Fire District, NY [C] Alt. to Joseph M. Jardin Claudia Hagood, Klinker and Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to Richard L. Klinker Thomas P. Hammerberg, Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Incorporated, FL [M] Alt. to James M. Mundy Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman Peter A. Larrimer, US Department of Veterans Affairs, PA [U] Alt. to David P. Klein Randolph W. Tucker, The RJA Group, Incorporated, TX [SE] Alt. to Martin H. Reiss


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the application of fire protection systems including detection, alarm, and suppression, and the life safety impact of various building systems.

Report of the Committee onDetention and Correctional Occupancies (SAF-DET)

Chair Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE]


Principal James R. Ambrose, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] David L. Bondor, St. Paul Fire and Marine, TX [I] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers Peter J. Collins, US Department of Justice, DC [U] Michael DiMascio, Solutions Engineering Incorporated, MA [SE] Randy Gaw, Correctional Service of Canada, Canada [E] Patrick G. Gordon, Philadelphia Prison System, PA [U] Timothy (T.J.) Gottwalt, ESSEX Industries, Incorporated, CT [M] Rep. Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Roger L. McDaniel, Florida Department of Corrections, FL [U] Jack McNamara, Bosch Security Systems, NY [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association E. Eugene Miller, Washington, DC [SE] Jerry Nealy, Cumulus Fibres, Incorporated, NC [M] Rep. Institutional Bedding Manufacturers Association Brian C. Pavey, Folger Adam Security Incorporated, IL [M] Robert R. Perry, Robert Perry Associates Incorporated, IL [M] Rep. Door & Hardware Institute Kenneth J. Schwartz, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Wayne S. Smith, Texas State Fire Marshal, TX [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association David W. Spence, Corrections Corporation of America, TN [U]

Alternate A. Larry Iseminger, Jr., Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Alt. to Wayne S. Smith Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman Kurt A. Roeper, Ingersoll Rand Security and Safety, OH [M] Alt. to Timothy (T.J.) Gottwalt Ralph R. Winter, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Alt. to James R. Ambrose John Younghusband, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, CA [I] Alt. to Kenneth J. Schwartz


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the emergency movement of people in detention and correctional occupancies.

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Educational and Day-Care Occupancies (SAF-END)

Chair Catherine L. Stashak, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I]


Principal Scott R. Bartlett, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MA [M]Samuel S. Dannaway, S. S. Dannaway Associates, Incorporated, HI [SE]Victor L. Dubrowski, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE]Douglas R. Freels, Performance Design Technologies, TN [SE]Dominick G. Kass, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M]Vern L. Martindale, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, UT [U] Erin A. M. Oneisom, US Air Force, AE [U] Michael L. Sinsigalli, Windsor Locks Fire Department, CT [E] Aleksy L. Szachnowicz, Anne Arundel County Public Schools, MD [U] Robert T. Trotter, Franklin Fire Department, TN [E] Ralph J. Warburton, University of Miami, FL [SE] Kenneth Wood, Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal, IL [E]

Alternate Kevin J. Kelly, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Alt. to Dominick G. Kass Amy J. Murdock, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Alt. to Victor L. Dubrowski Roger B. Rudy, Performance Design Technologies, LLC, TN [SE] Alt. to Douglas R. Freels Fred K. Walker, US Department of the Air Force, FL [U] Alt. to Erin A. M. Oneisom


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the emergency movement of people in educational occupancies and day-care occupancies.

Report of the Committee onFire Protection Features (SAF-FIR)

Chair Eric R. Rosenbaum, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE]

Secretary (Staff-NV) Milosh T. Puchovsky, National Fire Protection Association, MA

Principal Carl F. Baldassarra, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] John F. Bender, Maryland Office of State Fire Marshal, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Robert M. Berhinig, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT] Gregory J. Cahanin, St. Petersburg, FL [U] Rep. Louisiana State Firemen s Association Paul L. Dove, City of Coldwater Fire Department, MI [E] Brian L. Eklow, Aon Risk Consultants, IL [I] Sam W. Francis, American Forest & Paper Association, PA [M] Ralph Gerdes, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Donald Murray Goff, Hillsborough County Fire Rescue, FL [E] Rep. Florida Fire Marshals & Inspectors Association Wayne D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control, CT [I] Jonathan Humble, American Iron and Steel Institute, CT [M] Ignatius Kapalczynski, Connecticut Department of Public Safety , CT [E] Waseem A. Khan, Brick Industry Association, VA [M] Marshall A. Klein, Marshall A. Klein & Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [M] Rep. Glazing Industry Code Committee Vickie J. Lovell, InterCode Incorporated, FL [M] Rep. Air Movement & Control Association Jeffrey A. Maddox, The RJA Group, Incorporated, CA [SE] John W. McCormick, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Joseph J. Messersmith, Jr., Portland Cement Association, VA [M] Kurt A. Roeper, Ingersoll Rand Security and Safety, OH [M] Rep. Steel Door Institute Kathleen Taraba, Rolling Plains Construction, Incorporated, CO [IM] Rep. Firestop Contractors International Association Kenneth Wood, Office of the Illinois State Fire Marshal, IL [E]

Alternate Donald W. Belles, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, TN [M] Alt. to William E. Koffel Joseph A. Brooks, Air Movement & Control Association International, IL [M] Alt. to Vickie J. Lovell Edward K. Budnick, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to Eric R. Rosenbaum David Cook, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Alt. to Ralph Gerdes John F. Devlin, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, MD [I] Alt. to Carl F. Baldassarra Jack Gump, HSB Professional Loss Control, TN [I] Alt. to Wayne D. Holmes David M. Hammerman, Marshall A. Klein and Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to Marshall A. Klein Thomas R. Janicak, Ceco Door Products, TN [M] Alt. to Kurt A. Roeper Mark Kluver, Portland Cement Association, CA [M] Alt. to Joseph J. Messersmith David A. Lewis, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Alt. to John W. McCormick Jon W. Pasqualone, Martin County Board of County Commissioners, FL [E] Alt. to Donald Murray Goff David P. Tyree, American Forest & Paper Association, CO [M] Alt. to Sam W. Francis Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] Alt. to Jonathan Humble

Nonvoting Michael Earl Dillon, Dillon Consulting Engineers, Incorporated, CA Rep. TC on Air Conditioning

Staff Liaison: Milosh T. Puchovsky

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on construction compartmentation, including the performance of assemblies, openings, and penetrations, as related to the protection of life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences.

Report of the Committee onFundamentals (SAF-FUN)

Chair Morgan J. Hurley, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, MD [U]


Principal Thomas H. Allen, Smoke Guard Corporation, ID [U] Rep. American Institute of Architects Robert E. Bachman, Robert E. Bachman, Consulting Structural Engineer, CA [SE] Rep. National Council of Structural Engineers Assns. Wayne G. Carson, Carson Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE] Amy Y. Cheng, Clark County Department of Development Services, NV [E]James E. Churchill, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, CA [I]Barbara Ebstein, Vinick Associates, Incorporated, CT [U] Rep. American Society of Interior Designers Ben Greene, City of Englewood, CO [E] Howard Hopper, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, CA [RT] David P. Klein, US Department of Veterans Affairs, MD [U] James A. Landmesser, US Department of Energy, TN [E] James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, CT [SE] Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [C] Rep. American Public Health Association Stephen V. Skalko, Portland Cement Association, GA [M] Rep. Portland Cement Association Jeffrey B. Stone, American Forest & Paper Association, FL [M] Victoria B. Valentine, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] John M. Watts, Jr., Fire Safety Institute, VT [SE] Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] Steven F. Wydeveld, Will County Land Use, IL [E]

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101Voting Alternate Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Incorporated, CA [M] Voting Alt. to W.R. Grace Rep.

Alternate Eugene A. Cable, US Department of Veterans Affairs, NY [U] Alt. to David P. Klein Robert M. Carasitti, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, MA [I] Alt. to James E. Churchill Robert J. Eugene, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, WA [RT] Alt. to Howard Hopper Jonathan Humble, American Iron and Steel Institute, CT [M] Alt. to Robert J. Wills Mark Kluver, Portland Cement Association, CA [M] Alt. to Stephen V. Skalko John V. Loscheider, Loscheider Engineering Company, WA [SE] Alt. to Robert E. Bachman Kimberly A. Marks, The Marks Design Group, Incorporated, TX [U] Alt. to Barbara Ebstein Eric N. Mayl, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to James K. Lathrop Rodney A. McPhee, Canadian Wood Council, Canada [M] Alt. to Jeffrey B. Stone

Nonvoting Pichaya Chantranuwat, Fusion Consultants Co. Limited/Thailand, Thailand [SE]


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the basic goals, objectives, performance requirements, and definitions for protection of human life and property from fire, earthquake, flood, wind, and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences and on the nonemergency and emergency movement of people.

Report of the Committee on Furnishings and Contents (SAF-FUR)

Chair William E. Fitch, Omega Point Laboratories Incorporated, TX [RT]


Principal Vytenis Babrauskas, Fire Science and Technology Incorporated, WA [SE] Lisa Bonneville, Bonneville Design, MA [U] Rep. American Society of Interior Designers Eugene A. Cable, US Department of Veterans Affairs, NY [U] Frederic B. Clarke, Benjamin Clarke Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE] Paul Dillon, Southern Polytechnic State University, GA [M] Pravinray D. Gandhi, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT] Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International, CA [SE] E. Ken McIntosh, Carpet and Rug Institute, GA [M] T. Hugh Talley, Hugh Talley Company, TN [M] Rep. American Furniture Manufacturers Association

Alternate James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, CT [M] Alt. to E. Ken McIntosh James V. Ryan, Potomac, MD [SE] Alt. to Frederic B. Clarke Shelley Siegel, Accessible Interiors Network, Incorporated, FL [U] Alt. to Lisa Bonneville

Nonvoting Hammad Malik, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, MD [C]


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on limiting the impact of furnishings and building contents effect on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences and on the emergency movement of people.

Report of the Committee onHealth Care Occupancies (SAF-HEA)

Chair Daniel J. OConnor, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I]


Principal James R. Ambrose, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE]William N. Brooks, Eichleay Engineers, Incorporated, PA [SE]Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Wayne G. Carson, Carson Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE] Robert J. Carubia, Jr., West Virginia University Hospitals, WV [U] Michael A. Crowley, The RJA Group, Incorporated, TX [SE] Samuel S. Dannaway, S. S. Dannaway Associates, Incorporated, HI [SE] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers Buddy Dewar, National Fire Sprinkler Association, FL [M] Douglas S. Erickson, American Society for Healthcare Engineering, VI [U] Kenneth S. Faulstich, US Department of Veterans Affairs , DC [U] John E. Fishbeck, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, IL [E] Antonio Freire, Axa Courtage, France [I] Donald W. Harris, California Office of Health Planning & Development, CA [E] Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Incorporated, VA [U] Rep. American Health Care Association Ronald K. Mengel, Honeywell Fire Solutions/System Sensor, IL [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association John I. Mills, Beery, Rio & Associates, VA [SE] Kirby W. Perry, Kirby W. Perry Architects & Associates Incorporated, TX [SE] Rep. American Institute of Architects Peter P. Petresky, Pennsylvania Department of Health, PA [E] Rep. Association of Health Facility Survey Agencies Brian Prediger, US Department of the Army, MD [U] David M. Sine, David M. Sine & Associates, CA [U] Rep. National Association of Psychiatric Health Systems George F. Stevens, US Department of Health & Human Services, AZ [E] Mayer D. Zimmerman, US Departnent of Health & Human Services, MD [E]

Alternate James H. Antell, The RJA Group, Incorporated, IL [SE] Alt. to Michael A. Crowley John F. Deubler, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, VA [I] Alt. to Daniel J. OConnor Lori B. Dinney, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Alt. to James R. Ambrose Michael R. Durst, National Fire Sprinkler Association, CO [M] Alt. to Buddy Dewar J. Richard Fruth, Hayes Large Architects, PA [SE] Alt. to Kirby W. Perry Philip R. Jose, US Department of Veterans Affairs, NY [U] Alt. to Kenneth S. Faulstich William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [U] Alt. to Douglas S. Erickson



Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the emergency movement of people, in health care occupancies.

Report of the Committee onIndustrial, Storage, and Miscellaneous Occupancies (SAF-IND)

Chair Wayne D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control, CT [I]


Principal John A. Alderman, RRS Engineering, TX [SE] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers Thomas L. Allison, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., SC [U] Raymond E. Arntson, Rayden Research LLC, WI [SE]

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101Donald C. Birchler, FP&C Consultants Incorporated, MO [SE] Howard M. Bucci, US Department of Energy, WA [U] Charles E. Doody, Canton Fire Department, MA [E] John F. Farney, Jr., Sargent & Lundy Engineers, IL [SE] Larry L. Fluer, Fluer, Incorporated, CA [M] Rep. Compressed Gas Association Larry N. Garrett, Delphi Corporation, IN [U] Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section James Golinveaux, Tyco Fire Products, RI [M] Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Association Bruce W. Hisley, Fairfield, PA [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Jonathan Humble, American Iron and Steel Institute, CT [M] Ronald Keefer, Menlo Park Fire Protection District, CA [E] Marshall A. Klein, Marshall A. Klein & Associates, Incorporated, MD [U] Rep. Automotive Oil Change Association Neal W. Krantz, LVC Technologies, Incorporated, MI [IM] Rep. Automatic Fire Alarm Association, Incorporated Richard S. Kraus, Petroleum Safety Consultants, VA [U] Rep. American Petroleum Institute

Raymond W. Lonabaugh, National Fire Sprinkler Association, PA [M] Patrick A. McLaughlin, McLaughlin & Associates, RI [U] Rep. Semiconductor Industry Association Milton L. Norsworthy, Arch Chemicals, Incorporated, TN [M] Anthony M. Ordile, Loss Control Associates, Incorporated, PA [SE] Rep. TC on Storage and Warehousing of Containers and Portable Tanks Phani K. Raj, Technology & Management Systems, Incorporated, MA [SE] Rep. TC on Liquefied Petroleum Gases William J. Satterfield, III, Hydrogen Safety, LLC/Rode & Associates, LLC, RI [SE] Jeffrey M. Shapiro, International Code Consultants, TX [M] Rep. The Chlorine Institute Stephen V. Skalko, Portland Cement Association, GA [M] Cleveland B. Skinker, Bechtel Power Corporation, MD [SE] Bruce J. Swiecicki, National Propane Gas Association, IL [IM] David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Company, OH [U] Samuel Vanover, Jefferson Parish Fire Department, LA [E] Rep. TC on Hazardous Chemicals Carl Dewayne Wren, Austin Fire Department, TX [E]

Alternate Clarence D. (Dale) Eggen, US Department of Energy, WA [U] Alt. to Howard M. Bucci Daniel J. Gengler, National Fire Sprinkler Association, WI [M] Alt. to Raymond W. Lonabaugh Jack Gump, HSB Professional Loss Control, TN [I] Alt. to Wayne D. Holmes David M. Hammerman, Marshall A. Klein and Associates, Incorporated, MD [U] Alt. to Marshall A. Klein Roland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Incorporated, TX [M] Alt. to James Golinveaux Mark Kluver, Portland Cement Association, CA [M] Alt. to Stephen V. Skalko William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [U] Alt. to Patrick A. McLaughlin Michael E. Lyden, The Chlorine Institute, Incorporated, VA [M] Alt. to Jeffrey M. Shapiro Todd D. Matteson, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, SC [U] Alt. to Thomas L. Allison David J. Repasky, The Sherwin-Williams Company, OH [U] Alt. to David C. Tabar Roberto Lozano Rosales, Delphi Corporation, TX [U] Alt. to Larry N. Garrett Roger A. Smith, Compressed Gas Association, Incorporated, VA [M] Alt. to Larry L. Fluer Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] Alt. to Jonathan Humble


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the emergency movement of people, in industrial and storage occupancies, special structures, windowless and underground buildings, and high-rise buildings.

Report of the Committee onMeans of Egress (SAF-MEA)

Chair David A. de Vries, Firetech Engineering Incorporated, IL [SE]


Principal John L. Barrios, Department of Business and Community Services, FL [E] Rep. Southern Building Code Congress International Incorporated/International Code Council, Inc.John L. Bryan, Frederick, MD [SE] Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Davie J. Camp, Thyssen Krupp Elevator, TN [M] Rep. National Elevator Industry Incorporated Steven Di Pilla, ACE USA/ESIS Risk Control Services, NJ [I] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers Joshua W. Elvove, US Department of Veterans Affairs, CO [U] Philip C. Favro, Philip C. Favro & Associates, CA [SE] Edward L. Fixen, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, CA [I] David Frable, US General Services Administration, IL [U] Rita C. Guest, Carson Guest, Incorporated, GA [U] Rep. American Society of Interior Designers Billy G. Helton, Lithonia Emergency Systems, GA [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Lawrence J. McGinty, US Central Intelligence Agency, DC [U] Wayne Menuz, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, CA [RT] Richard A. Morris, National Association of Home Builders, DC [U] Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [C] Rep. American Public Health Association Robert R. Perry, Robert Perry Associates Incorporated, IL [M] Rep. Door & Hardware Institute Eric R. Rosenbaum, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Leslie Strull, The RJA Group, Incorporated, IL [SE] Michael Tierney, Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, CT [M] Michael D. Tomy, Heery International Incorporated, GA [SE] Rep. American Institute of Architects Joseph H. Versteeg, Versteeg Associates, CT [E] Rep. Fairfield CT Fire Marshal s Office

Alternate John R. Battles, International Code Council, AL [E] Alt. To John L. Barrios Charles H. Berry, US Department of Veterans Affairs, MD [U] Alt. to Joshua W. Elvove Warren D. Bonisch, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, TX [I] Alt. to Edward L. Fixen Edward A. Donoghue, Edward A. Donoghue Associates, Incorporated, NY [M] Alt. to Davie J. Camp Barbara Ebstein, Vinick Associates, Incorporated, CT [U] Alt. to Rita C. Guest David A. Gilda, Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, PA [M] Alt. To Michael TierneyJames K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, CT [SE] Alt. to William E. Koffel R. T. Leicht, State of Delaware, DE [E] Alt. to Kenneth E. Bush James A. Milke, University of Maryland, MD [SE] Alt. to John L. Bryan Brian T. Rhodes, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to Eric R. Rosenbaum Roy W. Schwarzenberg, US Central Intelligence Agency, DC [U] Alt. to Lawrence J. McGinty Michael S. Shulman, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, CA [RT] Alt. to Wayne Menuz



Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the general requirements for safe egress for protection of human life from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences and on the nonemergency and emergency movement of people.

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Mercantile and Business Occupancies (SAF-MER)

Chair Ed Schultz, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE]


Principal David M. Banwarth, David M. Banwarth Associates, LLC, MD [SE] E. Joseph Bocci, US Department of the Treasury, DC [U] Kenneth E. Bush, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association David A. Dodge, Safety and Forensic Consulting, ME [SE] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers Sam W. Francis, American Forest & Paper Association, PA [M] Douglas R. Freels, Performance Design Technologies, TN [SE] Daniel J. Gauvin, Tyco/SimplexGrinnell, MA [M] Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association William Hiotaky, The Taubman Company, MI [U] Wayne D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control, CT [I] Jonathan Humble, American Iron and Steel Institute, CT [M] Michael J. Laderoute, MJL Associates, Incorporated, VA [M] Rep. Fire Equipment Manufacturers Association Brian L. Marburger, St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, IL [I] Richard V. Moon, Insurance Services Office, Incorporated, NJ [I] Lawrence G. Perry, Building Owners & Managers Association International, MD [U] Steven E. Randall, National Fire Sprinkler Association, FL [M] Sheldon S. Rucinski, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] David C. Tabar, The Sherwin-Williams Company, OH [U] Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Incorporated, CA [SE] William J. Tomes, TVA Fire and Life Safety, Incorporated, GA [U] Rep. The Home Depot

Alternate Tracey D. Bellamy, TVA Fire and Life Safety, Incorporated, GA [U] Alt. to William J. Tomes Darryl Thomas Brown, Performance Design Technologies, TN [SE] Alt. to Douglas R. Freels Lawrence G. Danielkiewicz, The Taubman Company, MI [U] Alt. to William Hiotaky Jack Gump, HSB Professional Loss Control, TN [I] Alt. to Wayne D. Holmes Raymond W. Lonabaugh, National Fire Sprinkler Association, PA [M] Alt. to Steven E. Randall Patrick A. McLaughlin, McLaughlin & Associates, RI [U] Alt. to David C. Tabar Richard R. Osman, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Alt. to Sheldon S. Rucinski Dennis L. Pitts, American Forest & Paper Association, TX [M] Alt. to Sam W. Francis Terry Schultz, Code Consultants, Incorporated, MO [SE] Alt. to Ed Schultz Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M] Alt. to Jonathan Humble


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and for the emergency movement of people, in mercantile and business occupancies.

Report of the Committee onResidential Occupancies (SAF-RES)

Chair James K. Lathrop, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, CT [SE]


Principal Warren D. Bonisch, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, TX [I] H. Wayne Boyd, US Safety & Engineering Corporation, CA [M] Harry L. Bradley, Maryland State Fire Marshals Office, MD [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Phillip A. Brown, American Fire Sprinkler Association, Incorporated, TX [IM] James J. Convery, Gage-Babcock & Associates, Incorporated, VA [SE] Matthew D. Dobson, Society of the Plastics Industry, DC [U] Rep. National Association of Home Builders Sam W. Francis, American Forest & Paper Association, PA [M] Ralph Gerdes, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE]

Robert Howe, Vermont Department of Labor & Industry, VT [E] Rep. National Association of State Fire Marshals Kenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association, NY [M] Marshall A. Klein, Marshall A. Klein & Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Joseph J. Messersmith, Jr., Portland Cement Association, VA [M] Ronald G. Nickson, National Multi Housing Council, DC [U]Erin A. M. Oneisom, US Air Force, AE [U] Jake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in Building Use & Safety, MD [C] Rep. American Public Health Association Peter Puhlick, University of Connecticut, CT [U] Jim Ray, Marriott International, Incorporated, DC [U] Rep. American Hotel & Lodging Association Alan Robinson, Tuan and Robinson, Structural Engineers, Incorporated, CA [E] Rep. National Institute of Building Sciences/BSSC John A. Sharry, Beakmann Properties, TX [U] T. Hugh Talley, Hugh Talley Company, TN [M] Rep. American Furniture Manufacturers Association

Voting Alternate Byron L. Briese, The RJA Group, Incorporated, VA [U] Voting Alt. to NFPA/LIS Rep.Greg Gottlieb, Hauppauge Fire District, NY [C] Voting Alt. to NFPA/FSS Rep.

Alternate Carl F. Baldassarra, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, IL [I] Alt. to Warren D. Bonisch James R. Bell, Marriott International, Incorporated, DC [U] Alt. to Jim Ray David Cook, Ralph Gerdes Consultants, LLC, IN [SE] Alt. to Ralph Gerdes David M. Hammerman, Marshall A. Klein and Associates, Incorporated, MD [SE] Alt. to Marshall A. Klein Stanley C. Harbuck, School of Building Inspection, UT [C] Alt. to Jake Pauls Mark Kluver, Portland Cement Association, CA [M] Alt. to Joseph J. Messersmith Donald J. Pamplin, National Fire Sprinkler Association, WA [M] Alt. to Kenneth E. Isman Dennis L. Pitts, American Forest & Paper Association, TX [M] Alt. to Sam W. Francis Fred K. Walker, US Department of the Air Force, FL [U] Alt. to Erin A. M. Oneisom


Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on protection of human life and property from fire and other circumstances capable of producing similar consequences, and on the emergency movement of people, in hotels, dormitories, apartments, lodging and rooming houses, and one-and two-family dwellings.

These lists represent the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book.

The Report of the Committee on Safety to Life is presented for adoption, as follows:

The Reports were prepared by the:

Technical Correlating Committee on Safety to Life (SAF-AAC) Technical Committee on Assembly Occupancies and Membrane Structures

(SAF-AXM) Technical Committee on Board and Care Facilities (SAF-BCF) Technical Committee on Building Service and Fire Protection Equipment

(SAF-BSF) Technical Committee on Detention and Correctional Occupancies (SAF-

DET) Technical Committee on Educational and Day-Care Occupancies (SAF-

END) Technical Committee on Fire Protection Features (SAF-FIR) Technical Committee on Fundamentals (SAF-FUN) Technical Committee on Furnishings and Contents (SAF-FUR) Technical Committee on Health Care Occupancies (SAF-HEA) Technical Committee on Industrial, Storage, and Miscellaneous

Occupancies (SAF-IND) Technical Committee on Means of Egress (SAF-MEA) Technical Committee on Mercantile and Business Occupancies (SAF-

MER) Technical Committee on Residential Occupancies (SAF-RES)

The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, amendments to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 edition. NFPA 101-2003 is published in Volume 6 of the 2003 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101 NFPA 101 has been submitted to letter ballot of the applicable Safety to Life Committees. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report.

NFPA 101 has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Correlating Committee on Safety to Life, which consists of 11 voting members; of whom 7 voted affirmatively, 1 negatively after circulation of negative ballots (Pauls), and 3 ballots were not returned (Bukowski, Gibbs, Mengel).

Mr. Pauls voted negatively on Proposal 101-591 stating:The Mercantile TC has not justified a special exemption applying to

occupancies under its purview (Mercantile and Business). The substantiations provided for accepting the proposals are not only poorly founded or incorrect; they are of a general naturedealing with factors that have been taken into account by the Means of Egress TC in accepting proposals NFPA 101-107 and NFPA 5000-526 and intended to apply to all occupancies for the high-population stair widths. (For example, the phrase served by the stairway is current code language on the minimum stair width issue; moreover, the comment about low-rise buildings of high occupant load is mistaken because such buildingsfor example, serving an assembly occupancywould already be likely to have wider stairs for their large populations.) The Mercantile TC has not provided justification for exempting particular Mercantile and Business occupancies that are the subject of its proposals.

I believe that the Mercantile TC would not have accepted its proposals if committee members had been aware of my extensive responses (reproduced below) to negative ballot comments from Means of Egress TC members, David Frable and Edward Fixen. My responses were shared with Means of Egress TC members during their balloting of the original proposal applying to the Means of Egress chapter and setting out the basic requirement for all occupancies. It should also be noted that I had the opportunity to discuss these issues and share the following responses with the Industrial Technical Committee when it was contemplating exempting high-rise buildings from the new requirement; after this the Industrial TC did not accept an exemption similar to what has been proposed for Mercantile and Business occupancies by the Mercantile TC. There was not similar opportunity to discuss the matter with the Mercantile TC, a fact that I believe resulted in its badly flawed justification for Proposals NFPA 5000-781 and NFPA 101-591.

Given the problems with the Mercantile TC proposals, I do not believe that the TCC notes are responsive enough to the proposals problems or the need for different action on them.

Jake Pauls Response to Negative Ballot Comments of Means of Egress Technical Committee members David Frable (GSA) and Edward Fixen (Schirmer Engineering Corporation) submitted as part of the Technical Committee ballot process on increased minimum exit stair widths, a public proposal submitted by Jake Pauls and considered by the NFPA Means of Egress Technical Committee for the NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, and NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code.

Jake Pauls responses are shown in bold italics font below, interspersed with the Negative Ballot Comments from Mr. Frable and Mr. Fixen.

Proposal 101-107 Negative Ballot from FixenNeg: While the technical substantiation merits consideration, it appears that

the fundamental driver for this substantiation is the complete and uncontrolled evacuation of very tall buildings, as opposed to staged evacuation currently contemplated by Code. It is premature to make changes that are not anchored to corresponding fundamental changes in the Code such as complete evacuation of very tall buildings. To my knowledge there is no committee consensus on fundamentally changing the underlying evacuation philosophy of tall buildings from staged to complete.

This is not a fundamental change as the NFPA codesand all other model codeshave always regulated minimum stair widths. The changes proposed simply improve the alignment of the minimum width requirements to longstanding assumptions about a certain stair widths facilitating certain kinds of crowd movement, both unidirectionally and with counterflow.

The 44-inch nominal stair width was based on a mistaken assumption that two files or columns of people could use the stair in a shoulder-to-shoulder fashion. This was long enshrined in the concept of 22-inch units of exit width that NFPA and other code groups began rejecting in the 1980s. See the substantiation provided with the proposal for full background on this matter.

Regarding Mr. Fixens contention that there is no committee consensus, the Means of Egress Technical Committee has now repeatedly voted (when there were not procedural complications as happened last cycle with the comment on NFPA 101), supported by NFPA members, in favor of realigning the minimum width to take account of the traditional misconception about the 44-inch stair width and this addresses both staged and complete evacuations recognizing that both occur in real eventsfires, bombs and bomb scaresin large buildings.

Mr. Fixen would have a very difficult job selling a code to professionals and the public today if he argued that the codes were solely based on a staged evacuation concept to the exclusion of other evacuation scenarios. What the codes do implicitly is to cater to evacuation of certain portions of a building in an implicitly-assumed time but they certainly do not rule out evacuation of larger portions or the total building in a longer time. See my full justification, with the proposal, on the benefit of improved

egress flowand hence evacuation timeperformance due to the fact that, because of the greater effective width, the increased stair widths will actually be an additional safety benefit beyond enhancing two-abreast movement and counterflow.

Although my proposal justification refers to a fundamental re-examination of minimum egress stair width criteria, it is not a fundamental re-examination of egress generally and it is merely one of the simplest ergonomic aspects of the egress issueminimum stair width. Perhaps my proposal clouded matters slightly by permitting a few population-based, width steps between the traditional 44-inch nominal width and the widely recommended nominal width of about 55 inches, specified more clearly as 48 inches clear between handrails. However, I clearly stated that I would considerwithin the scope of my proposala code revision applying the wider minimum width (of 48 inches clear between handrails) even more generally, for example, such as the Fire Safety Directors Association of Greater New York have advocated for all high-rise buildings.

Proposal 101-107 Negative Ballot by FrableNeg: At the December meeting the Technical Committee voted to accept

the subject proposal. However, it is my opinion that the proponent has not provided sufficient technical substantiation to justify the new proposed occupant load threshold triggers for the proposed new stairway width clearances between handrails. Hence this proposal would not coincide with other quality documents published by NFPA that are based on sound technical documentation.

It is remarkable that Mr. Frable can characterize a substantiation of over 2,700 words, plus a few figures and four citations to peer-reviewed literature as not being sound technical documentation especially as the vast majority of accepted proposals for NFPA documents are not equally justified with technical information based on decades of study. What does Mr. Frable offer to counter the proponents substantiation? His opinion and nothing more. Surely, if the justification were incorrect, a huge organization like the U.S. General Services Administration and a highly-placed GSA fire safety official like Mr. Frable could refute it in similar detail or, at a minimum, would fund and support a similarly intensive program of research into evacuation and crowd movement generally such as was described in the proposal justification.

The proponent also has not provided any substantiation how these new threshold triggers will improve the overall building safety. The threshold triggers I am referring to are as follows:

Total Occupant Load Stairway width clear Served by the Stairway between handrails50 to 149 36 inches150 to 999 40 inches1000 to 1999 44 inches2000 and more 48 inches

There was substantial discussion in the proposal on the code-related bases for the triggers. This dealt with how the code has addressed Smoke-Protected Assembly Seating. Admittedly all scoping requirements are based, ultimately, on judgment calls by committees and all the other participants in the code-making processespecially NFPA sas nobody has come up with some comprehensive, alternative model for doing this. However, in terms of improvements to certain aspects of safety, the proposal justification did note various benefits of the wider stairways. Generally, in terms of evacuation efficiency alone, with each step in the width table, the larger-population stairways function more efficientlythan current code capacity rules give creditdue to the effective-width phenomenon as discussed at length in referenced chapter of the SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. The relative egress flow performance of the four widths in the reproduced table is: 1.00, 1.17, 1.33 and 1.50. Surely, with larger populations needing to use stairs for egress, there should be some greater conservatism in their performance such as accomplished with the scoping proposed in the reproduced table.

Currently, the 2003 Life Safety Code requires that new stairs (where the occupant load is 50 or greater) to have a nominal 44-inch wide stair with a 35 inch clear width between handrails (takes into consideration projections not more than 4 1/2 inches at or below handrail height). [Please also note that in the 2000 edition of the Life Safety Code new stairs were required (where the occupant load is 50 or greater) to have a nominal 44 inch wide stair with a 37 inch clear width between handrails (takes into consideration projections not more than 3 1/2 inches at or below handrail height).]

I do concur with the proponent s evacuation data that adults rarely decent (sic) side by side in a nominal 44-inch wide stair (i.e., 35 inch clear width between handrails). However, the data also suggests that the stairs would need to be substantially wider than proposed. Also, it appears the proponent has not taken into consideration when determining these arbitrary thresholds that 40% of the population in North America is seriously overweight.

Is Mr. Frable arguing here that my proposal did not go far enough? Would GSA fund and support research into the changing demographics of U.S. government workers, for example, and the impact on egress capacity rules and egress performance generally (including the reduced physical capability of seriously overweight persons to even move significant distances in an evacuation)? Generally, my proposal offered scope to

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101the Technical Committee to make the wider minimum stair width apply even more generally. Will Mr. Frable now support one of the two more-conservative options for scoping that were noted at the end of the proposal substantiation? Note also that the Canadian research (admittedly from a few decades ago from a more-fit nation than the USA) established that maximum widths between handrails should be reduced from the traditionally permitted 66 or 88 inches to 60 inches so that everyone on the stairway in a crowd condition could reach at least one handrail. Is Mr. Frable now prepared to sayand technically documentthat the most effective stairway widths are in an even smaller range than the 12 inches between 48 and 60 inches?

The proponent also has hypothesized that this proposal would address counter-flow issues of evacuees and emergency responders. I do agree in concept with the proponent that we need to look closer at this issue, however, whether or not it s 40 inches, 44 inches, 48 inches or some other value is a sufficient width to accommodate the expected stairway capacity needs to be determined quantitatively. I believe that choosing these arbitrary threshold triggers is still too premature prior to a final report being issued on the World Trade Center. More additional work is required to develop such methods and to revise minimum Code requirements such that an integrated systematic approach to fire protection and egress movement is the norm.

Mr. Frables reference to a final report on the World Trade Center has been seen before but there is notto my knowledge as a close observer of the post-911 researchgoing to be any final report in the near future and I really doubt whether anyone involved with codes and standards today will live to see a final report on the World Trade Center. The journalistic, research and litigation investigations will go on for decades. As noted in the proposal, from what is known about the studies being performed now, there is not the kind of ergonomic detail forthcoming that is comparable to the studies of Fruin, Templer, Pauls and others dealing with crowd dynamics on stairways. Again, if GSA is really concerned about this, it could do a lot more than it is doing right now to actually fund additional studies that should not be restricted to learning what happened in the World Trade Center. The studies controlled by NISTunder the extraordinary, temporary (and inadequate) funding for the World Trade Centerwill, in any event, be available in the fall of 2004, thus giving Mr. Frable and others ample opportunity to challenge the acceptance of this proposal on wider minimum stairway widths at the May 2005 meeting of the NFPA and the subsequent Standards Council appeal process in July of 2005.

Last but not least, the proponent has not provided any answers to the fundamental questions below that I believe the Technical Committee needs answers to prior to accepting this proposal:

What will be the sociological, economical, and political impact of widening exit stairs by these arbitrary dimensions?

First, the dimensions are not arbitrary! Read the substantiation again. Regarding sociological, economical, and political impact, does GSA have the base information about such impacts from current minimum stair width requirements that would be compared with the suggested new information? Is it prepared to fund such research? Is GSA interested also in what the sociological, economical, and political impact, would be if the actual 9-11 population of the World Trade Center had been significantly higheras would have been the case had the 9-11 attacks occurred somewhat later that daythan the relatively small population of about 7,000 persons per tower? Imagine several thousand additional people trying to utilize the two conventionally narrow, 44-inch nominal width exit stairs (provided along with a third 55-inch nominal width stair) while having to stop or drastically slow down because of the counterflow from first responders? Imagine a death toll a few times higher than the 2,749 now confirmed in the WTC attack. Imagine that higher death toll attributed, in significant part, directly to inadequate exit width. GSA representative, please explain to members of the Skyscraper Safety Campaign or any of the other post-9-11 family groups why you suggest that a sociological, economical, and political impact study now be required of the proponent of the wider stair width requirement.

Regarding economic impact, this was dealt with in the prior cycles comments and NFPA Standards Council appeal process when GSA challenged the NFPA committee and membership acceptance of a requirement for wider exit stairway width. The economic impact (or area increase impact) was not challenged in detail at that time by GSA. For those not seeing those comments a year ago, it was noted (by Pauls) that: For example, a 20-story building [with a 29,400 sq ft floor area per

story] would have the wider, 56-inch nominal-width stairs (with 48 inches between handrails) only on the lowest 6 stories and the impact on the building area would be only about 400 sq ft or about 0.07 percent of total (above-grade) floor area of about 600,000 sq ft subject to the occupant load calculation. (This calculation is based on minimum floor-to-floor heights of 9 feet; more-typical, 10-ft floor-to-floor heights would have an area impact of about 0.08 percent with the wider stairs.) However, this calculation assumes that the building size remains unchanged for the six lowest floors. In actuality the wider stairs for the six lowest above-grade floors permit an additional 80 persons occupant load on each of these lower floors. Thus the permissible floor area of each of these lower floors could be increased by 8,000 sq ft to about 37,400 sq ft subject to the occupant load calculation. Thus the adjusted percentage impact of the wider stairs on total building area is only about 0.06 percent.

Will widening new exit stairs to these arbitrary dimensions improve safety significantly?

Characterizing new exit stair dimensions as arbitrary does not make it so! See comments above regarding significant benefits to stairway usability and thus safety.

By accepting this proposal, will this lead to a false perception of improved safety by the occupants of a building?

With what technical justification does GSA refer to false perception? From what I already know of peoples perceptions of the narrow stair width provided with two of the three World Trade Center exits (as well as other typical office building exits now) they do perceive them as narrow and inadequate. The John Labriola photographs taken in one of the narrower WTC exit stairs on 9-11 clearly depict what ordinary people can readily perceive; people had to stop and twist to the side to let the firefighter pass. (The photographs are available in John Labriolas book, Walking Forward, Looking Back, Hyper Publishing, 2003.) What basis does GSA have for even suggesting that peoples perception of improved safety with the wider stairs is false?

Is this proposal only a band-aid that ignores the larger issue of the building evacuation philosophy?

Band-aids do a useful job even if applied temporarily. Wider stairs are much more effective as they serve permanently and they improve building evacuation regardless of the evacuation philosophy employed. The proposal does not ignore the larger issue; I believe it clearly pointed out its scope as dealing with one of the relatively simple aspects of design for evacuationbased on traditional expectations of performance with two-unit stairs. Again, what has GSA done and what is it prepared to do to support and fund research on the larger issue of building evacuation philosophy?

In lieu of requiring wider stairs, would additional protection of the stairs or requiring additional stairs be more effective in the overall goal?

The proposal-specified benefits of the wider stairs are not achieved with additional protection of the stairs or simply providing more of them (unless organizations like GSA are prepared to install stairways that are explicitly not intended for evacuation and are for use by first responders only). However, if the overall goaland the means to reliably achieve itare to not have any evacuation of a building, then the benefits of wider stairs would be unneeded. Does GSA have the confidence in additional protection, for example, to go this route? More important, do the occupants of GSAs buildings share this confidence?

In lieu of requiring wider stairs, should the expected evacuation capabilities be revised and the associated time required to egress a building?

Yes! See all the reasons stated above.

Based on the above concerns, the appropriate action on this comment should have been Reject.

No! The concerns expressed by the two negative balloters, Fixen and Frable, clearly do not justify rejection of the proposal.

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101__________________________________________________________101-1 Log #36b SAF-AXM Final Action: Reject( Entire Document )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Suzanne Marie Toby Bayville, NJRecommendation: Regarding Life Safety Code with Casino fire safety.Substantiation: When the fire alarms go off at a Casino the patrons will not leave their slot machines. My idea is to connect the power of the slot machines to the fire alarm (like the fire doors) that will automatically print out a receipt of monies in that machine and then shut down. This way the people will leave the Casino floor. They can be turned back on when alarm is re-set. The patrons will get a receipt for the money they have in the machine (Casinos are already using receipts as a form of payout) so that they do not loose the money that was in their machines. I am not sure how the slot machines are setup underneath them but they must have a main power link to the machines.Committee Meeting Action: RejectCommittee Statement: The submitter provided no specific code text. There is inadequate substantiation to justify the committee s gneration of text to require slot machines to be arranged as noted in the submitter s substantiation. Jurisdictional issues with the state gaming commissions would make such an arrangement unfeasible. Adequate life safety can be provided via more traditional means.Number Eligible to Vote: 30Ballot Results: Affirmative: 26 Vote Not Returned: 4 BACON, PERKINS, PRITCHETT, WERTHEIMER

__________________________________________________________101-2 Log #364 SAF-FUN Final Action: Accept in Principle( Entire Document )__________________________________________________________TCC Action: The Technical Correlating Committee on Safety to Life (TCC) notes that NFPA staff will make the needed editorial adjustments to the units of measurements; and the technical committees need not be involved.Submitter: James K. Lathrop, Koffel Assoc., Inc.Recommendation: Where English units of measurement are used, return to more traditional units. In general wherever the measurement is 5 ft or more use feet or feet and inches, but not inches. For example, 20 ft should be 20 ft not 240 inches.Substantiation: Going to metric first was one thing, but to make the Code even more difficult to use for people that are used to the English system does nothing for user friendliness. The complaints during seminars have been resounding.Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Do as follows throughout NFPA 101: 1. Revert to showing the inch/pound units first and show the metric/SI units (within parentheses) second. 2. For dimensions of 72 inches or more, express them in feet, not inches.Committee Statement: A recent Standards Council directive permits inch/pound units to appear first at the technical committees discretion. The expression of dimensions of 72 in. and greater by using feet will correct the problem described by the submitter.Number Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 LANDMESSER, STONE

__________________________________________________________101-3 Log #367 SAF-FUN Final Action: Reject( Entire Document )__________________________________________________________Submitter: James K. Lathrop, Koffel Assoc., Inc.Recommendation: Print the Code in two different versions, Metric and English. In the Metric version, do a hard metric conversion to reasonable units. For example 75 ft of travel should be 25 m not 23 m).Substantiation: With the international push by NFPA it would be much better to have an entirely separate code for metric. More reasonable metric numbers could be used without having a conflict in the code. When a jurisdiction adopts the code, it would specify metric or English.Committee Meeting Action: RejectCommittee Statement: The choice of how many versions of a document to print is an NFPA management decision, not one for a technical committee to make. However, the committee action on Proposal 101-2 (Log #364) should assuage some of the submitter s concerns.Number Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 LANDMESSER, STONE

__________________________________________________________101-4 Log #36a SAF-BSF Final Action: Reject( Entire Document )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Suzanne Marie Toby Bayville, NJRecommendation: Regarding Life Safety Code with Casino fire safety.Substantiation: When the fire alarms go off at a Casino the patrons will not leave their slot machines. My idea is to connect the power of the slot machines to the fire alarm (like the fire doors) that will automatically print out a receipt of monies in that machine and then shut down. This way the people will leave the Casino floor. They can be turned back on when alarm is re-set. The patrons will get a receipt for the money they have in the machine (Casinos are already using receipts as a form of payout) so that they do not loose the money that was in their machines. I am not sure how the slot machines are setup underneath them but they must have a main power link to the machines.Committee Meeting Action: RejectCommittee Statement: While the proposed concept might have merit, no specific code language has been provided. It is not possible to assess the technical implications of such a requirement without the input of manufacturers and casino operators. No loss history has been provided (and the committee is aware of none) to justify such a requirement. Further, such an occupancy-specific requirement should appear, if anywhere, in the applicable occupancy chapters (e.g. Chapters 8 and 9 which address new and existing assembly occupancies, respectively).Number Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 BROWN, TIZZANO

__________________________________________________________101-5 Log #CP602 SAF-FIR Final Action: Accept( Entire Document )__________________________________________________________TCC Action: The Technical Correlating Committee on Safety to Life (TCC) directs that public comments on this proposal be submitted in the TCCs name to SAF-AXM, SAF-FIR, SAF-FUR, SAF-HEA, SAF-IND, and SAF-MER requesting that the TCs: Identify locations, within NFPA 101 chapters of responsibility, of references to NFPA fire test standards that have ASTM and/or UL counterparts. Indicate what changes, if any, need to be made as part of ROC.Submitter: Technical Committee on Fire Protection FeaturesRecommendation: The committee requests that NFPA staff and editors work to incorporate similar reference to multiple, referenced fire test standards throughout the document when appropriate. Test standards that are ANSI accredited and similar in nature should be given equal treatment in NFPA 101. Companion NFPA-ASTM-UL Fire Test Standards include the following:

NFPA ASTM UL 251 E119 263 252 E2074 10B 253 E648 N/A 255 E84 723 256 E108 790Substantiation: The proposal added useful and beneficial information for the users of the code. A corresponding proposal has been submitted for NFPA 5000. Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 23Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23

__________________________________________________________101-6 Log #334 SAF-FUN Final Action: Accept in Principle( 1.1.2 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Morgan J. Hurley, Society of Fire Protection EngineersRecommendation: Revise 1.1.2 as follows and delete A.1.1.2: 1.1.2 Danger to Life from Fire. The Code addresses those construction, protection, and occupancy features necessary to minimize danger to life from fire, including smoke, heat, and toxic gasses created during a fire fumes or panic.Substantiation: Contrary to widespread belief by the lay public, panic, meaning non-adaptive behavior, only occurs very rarely in fires. According to Bryan, Detailed interview and questionnaire studies over the last half century have established that instances of nonadaptive or panic type behavior are rare, occurring under specific conditions. Proulx states that: The media and general public often mention the potential of mass panic during fires, imagining a crowd that suddenly wants to flee danger at all cost, possibly getting trampled or crushed in the process. Although these types of behavior are extremely rare in fires, the expectation that people will panic is very strong. This belief is very much nourished by the media and movie industry, which plays on strong emotional images. In fact, panic in the form of

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101irrational behavior is rare during fires, and researchers have long ago rejected this concept. Actual human behavior in fires is somewhat different from the panic scenario. What is regularly observed is a lethargic response to the fire alarm, voice communication instruction or even the initial cues of a fire. Except for low-rise residential buildings, where occupants feel that it is their responsibility to investigate an unusual smell, noise or movement, occupants are usually not very responsive in the initial moments of a fire. People are often cool during fires, ignoring or delaying their response to the initial cues of an actual emergency. Once occupants decide that the situation requires moving to an area of safety, the time left could be minimal. If the person eventually assesses the situation as an emergency, instead of panic what is most commonly observed is an increased level of stress. Stress is not panic. It is considered that every person involved in an emergency will eventually feel some stress regardless of their age, gender, past experience, training, or cultural background. This stress is not an abnormal reaction or a negative response; on the contrary, stress is regarded as a necessary state to motivate reaction and action. The performance of a person dealing with an increased level of stress will depend on the task demands, the environmental conditions, and the person himself or herself. Decision-making under stress is often characterized by a narrowing of attention and focusing on a reduced number of options. This explains why training is so important, since people are unlikely to develop new solutions under heightened stress; a well-run decision plan learned and practiced beforehand is easier to apply under stress. Given that human behavior researchers have rejected the idea that people panic in fires, we should not perpetuate the public s misconceptions in the Life Safety Code. Fumes is proposed to be changed to toxic gasses created during a fire because the term fumes is rarely used in the fire safety community, and could easily be misinterpreted to mean vapors from hazardous materials. References: Bryan, J. Human Behavior and Fire, Fire Protection Handbook, 19th Ed., National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 2003.Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Revise 1.1.2 and delete A.1.1.2 as follows: 1.1.2 Danger to Life from Fire. The Code addresses those construction, protection, and occupancy features necessary to minimize danger to life from the effects of fire, including smoke, heat, and toxic gasses created during a fire fumes or panic. A.1.1.2 The Code recognizes that panic in a burning building might be uncontrollable but deals with the potential panic hazard through measures designed to prevent the development of panic. Experience indicates that panic seldom develops, even in the presence of potential danger, as long as occupants of buildings are moving toward exits that they can see within a reasonable distance without obstructions or undue congestion in the path of travel. However, any uncertainty as to the location or adequacy of means of egress, the presence of smoke, or the stoppage of egress travel, such as might occur when one person stumbles and falls on the stairs, is potentially conducive to panic. The danger of panic is greatest when there are large numbers of people in a confined area.Committee Statement: The committee action does what the submitter requested, but also adds the words the effects of for clarity and completeness.Number Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 LANDMESSER, STONE

__________________________________________________________101-7 Log #436 SAF-FUN Final Action: Accept( 2.2 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Pyrotechnics Association (APA)Recommendation: Add a new reference to NFPA 1124 as follows: NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2003 edition.Substantiation: To include the latest published edition of NFPA 1124 which is referenced in 36.4.5.3.1.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 LANDMESSER, STONE

__________________________________________________________101-8 Log #CP802 SAF-BSF Final Action: Accept( 2.3.2 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Technical Committee on Building Service and Fire Protection EquipmentRecommendation: Update reference to ICC/ANSI A117.1, American National Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, to the 2003 edition.Substantiation: The proposal updates the reference to the most current edition.

This proposal is being sent to the Technical Committees on Residential Occupancies and Board and Care Facilities for their consideration since the regulate the occupancies affected by this proposal.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 BROWN, TIZZANO

__________________________________________________________101-9 Log #CP211 SAF-MEA Final Action: Accept( 2.3.2 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Technical Committee on Means of EgressRecommendation: Revise entry for ICC/ANSI A117.1 as follows: ICC/ANSI A117.1, American National Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 1998 2003.Substantiation: Updating of reference needed. Correlation with action on NFPA 5000.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 23Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Vote Not Returned: 2 BARRIOS, MCGINTY

__________________________________________________________101-10 Log #428 SAF-BSF Final Action: Accept( 2.3.4 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Edward A. Donoghue, Edward A. Donoghue Associates, Inc. / Rep. National Elevator Industry Inc. (NEII)Recommendation: Revise entry for ASME A17.1 as follows: ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2000, including Addenda A17.1a-2002 and A17.1b-2003.Substantiation: The addenda provides the latest requirements of ASME A17.1 and should be referenced by the Code.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 BROWN, TIZZANO

__________________________________________________________101-11 Log #CP109 SAF-FUN Final Action: Accept( 2.3.4 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Technical Committee on FundamentalsRecommendation: In 2.3.4, revise entry for ASME A17.1 as follows: ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2000, including Addenda A17.1a-2002 and A17.1b-2003.Substantiation: The addenda providing the latest requirements of ASME A17.1 should be referenced by the Code.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 20Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Vote Not Returned: 2 LANDMESSER, STONE

__________________________________________________________101-12 Log #CP210 SAF-MEA Final Action: Accept( 2.3.4 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Technical Committee on Means of EgressRecommendation: Revise entry for ASME A17.1 as follows: ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, 2000, including Addenda A17.1a-2002 and A17.1b-2003.Substantiation: Updating of reference needed. Correlation with action on NFPA 5000.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 23Ballot Results: Affirmative: 21 Vote Not Returned: 2 BARRIOS, MCGINTY

__________________________________________________________101-13 Log #211 SAF-FIR Final Action: Accept( 2.3.6 )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Bob Eugene, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.Recommendation: Revise to read as follows: 2.3.6 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. UL 555, Standard for Fire Dampers, 1999. UL 555S, Standard for Smoke Dampers, 1996 1999. UL 924, Emergency Lighting and Power Equipment, 1995.

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101 UL 1784, Standard for Air-Leakage Tests of Door Assemblies, 2001. UL 1975, Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes, 1996.Substantiation: Update to current standard.Committee Meeting Action: AcceptNumber Eligible to Vote: 23Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23

__________________________________________________________101-14 Log #CP3 SAF-FUN Final Action: Accept in Part( Chapter 3 Definitions (GOT) )__________________________________________________________Submitter: Technical Committee on FundamentalsRecommendation: Adopt the preferred definitions from the NFPA Glossary of Terms for the following terms: Combustible. (preferred) NFPA 220, Capable of reacting with oxygen and burning if ignited. Combustible (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed. A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will ignite and burn; a material that does not meet the definition of noncombustible or limited-combustible. Combustion. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame. Combustion (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed. A chemical process that involves oxidation sufficient to produce light or heat. Design Fire Scenario. (preferred) NFPA 914, 2000 ed. A fire scenario selected for evaluation of a proposed design. Design Fire Scenario (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed. A fire scenario used for evaluation of a proposed design. Fire Model. (preferred) NFPA 805, 2001 ed. Mathematical prediction of fire growth, environmental conditions, and potential effects on structures, systems, or components based on the conservation equations or empirical data. Fire Model. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed. A structured approach to predicting one or more effects of a fire. Flashover. (preferred) NFPA 921, 2001 ed. A transition phase in the development of a contained fire in which surfaces exposed to thermal radiation reach ignition temperature more or less simultaneously and fire spreads rapidly throughout the space. Flashover (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed A stage in the development of a contained fire in which all exposed surfaces reach ignition temperatures more or less simultaneously and fire spreads rapidly throughout the space. Fuel Load. (preferred) NFPA 921, 2001 ed. The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area, including interior finish and trim, expressed in heat units or the equivalent weight in wood. Fuel Load. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area. Limited Combustible. (preferred) NFPA 33, 2000 ed. A building construction material not complying with the definition of noncombustible material that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 8141 kJ/kg (3500 Btu/lb), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and complies with (a) or (b): (a) materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 3.2 mm ( in.) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50; and (b) materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (a), having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would have neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion. (Materials subject to increase in combustibility or flame spread index beyond the limits herein established through the effects of age, moisture, or other atmospheric condition shall be considered combustible.) Limited Combustible. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed Refers to a building construction material not complying with the definition of noncombustible that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 8141 kJ/kg (3500 Btu/lb), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and includes (1) materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50; and (2) materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (1), having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion, and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would have neither

a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion. Noncombustible. (preferred) NFPA 80, 1999 ed. Not capable of igniting and burning when subjected to a fire. Noncombustible Material. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750C, shall be considered noncombustible materials. Objective. (preferred) NFPA 472, 2002 ed. A goal that is achieved through the attainment of a skill, knowledge, or both, and that can be observed or measured. Objective. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed A requirement that needs to be met to achieve a goal. Occupancy. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. The purpose for which a building or other structure, or part thereof, is used or intended to be used. Occupancy. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed The purpose for which a building or portion thereof is used or intended to be used. Occupiable Story. (preferred) NFPA 101B, 2002 ed. A story occupied by people on a regular basis. Stories used exclusively for mechanical equipment rooms, elevator penthouses, and similar spaces are not occupiable stories. Occupiable Story. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed A story occupied by people on a regular basis. Professional Engineer. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. A person licensed to practice engineering in a jurisdiction, subject to all laws and limitations imposed by the jurisdiction. Professional Engineer. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed A person registered or licensed to practice engineering in a jurisdiction, subject to all laws and limitations imposed by the jurisdiction. Structure. (preferred) NFPA 5000, 2002 ed. That which is built or constructed and limited to buildings and nonbuilding structures as defined herein. Structure. (secondary) NFPA 101, 2003 ed That which is built or constructed.Substantiation: Adoption of preferred definitions will assist the user by providing consistent meaning of defined terms throughout the National Fire Codes. The following procedure must be followed when acting on defined terms (extract from the Glossary of Terms Definitions Procedure): 2.1 Revising Definitions 2.1.1 Prior to revising Preferred definitions, the Glossary of Terms should be consulted to avoid the creation of additional Secondary definitions. 2.1.2 All Secondary definitions should be reviewed and eliminated where possible by the following method (in order of preference): a) adopt the preferred definition if suitable. b) modify the secondary term and/or definition to limit its use to a specific application within the scope of the document. c) request that the Standards Council determine responsibility for the term . d) request that the Standards Council authorize a secondary definition. (extract from the NFPA Manual of Style): 2.3.2.6 Existing general definitions contained in the NFPA Glossary of Terms shall be used where technically accurate and correct.Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Part Change the current definition of the following words/terms to the NFPA Glossary of Terms (GOT) Preferred definition shown above in the recommendation field: 1. Combustion 2. Design Fire Scenario 3. Flashover 4. Occupancy Editorially revise the current definition of Limited Combustible as follows: Limited Combustible. Refers to a building construction material not complying with the definition of noncombustible that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 8141 kJ/kg (3500 Btu/lb), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and includes either of the following: (1) materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) that has a flame spread index not greater than 50 ; and (2) materials, in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (1), having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion, and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any plane would have neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion.

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Report on Proposals Copyright, NFPA NFPA 101Committee Statement: Numerous GOT Preferred definitions could not be adopted for the following reasons: Combustible. The NFPA 220 definition is inadequate for use in NFPA 101 because it lacks the words in the form in which it is used and

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