Report on MULTI PROCESS MACHINE

A Thesis on

Design & Development of

MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Mitesh Nagar (K10494)

Naveen Bansal (K10221)

Rahul Khandelwal (K10490)

Tejkaran Singh Ranawat (K10190)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGIREERING

In

MECHANICAL

Guided by

Ms. Nikita Jain

CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY

Alaniya, Kota (Rajasthan)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certificate.............................................................................................. 4

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………..... 5

Abstract……………………………………………………………….. 6

List of Figures ………………………………………………………… 7

List of tables …………………………………………………………... 8

Chapter:1 Introduction

1.1 Literature review................................................................................... 10

1.2 Proposed methodology......................................................................... 12

Chapter: 2 Project Definition

2.1 Problem statement …………………………………………………… 13

2.2 Problem identification ………………………………………….......... 13

Chapter: 3 Mechanism of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE

3.1 Objective …………………………………………..……………….............. 14

3.2 Theory …………………………………………………………………….... 14

3.3 Whitworth’s mechanism ………………………………………………........ 14

Chapter: 4 Design of model................................................................................ 16

Chapter: 5 Machine equipments.................................................................... 18

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Chapter: 6 Working principle....................................................................... 25

Chapter: 7 Operation of model

7.1 Drilling ……………………………………………………………………... 28

7.2Shaping …………………………………………………………………........ 32

7.3 Cutting ……………………………………………………………………… 33

Chapter: 8 Future Implementation ……………………………………........ 35

Chapter: 9 Conclusion ………………………………………………….......... 36

Chapter: 10 Reference ………………..………………………………………. 37

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Report entitled “Multi Purpose Mechanical Machine” which is

submitted by Mitesh Nagar (K10494), Naveen Bansal (K10221), Rahul Khandelwal

(K10490), Tejkaran Singh Ranawat (K10190) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the award of degree B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering to Career Point University , Kota

is a record of the candidate’s own work carried out by him under my supervision. The

matter embodied in this report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any

other degree anywhere else.

Date: 11 May, 2016 Supervisor: Ms. Nikita Jain ( HOD of Mech. Dept.)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel in great in presenting the report of our project “Multi Purpose Mechanical

Machine” which finds application in much modern equipment and system, this

project is done in partial fulfillment of B.M.E. (B. tech. in mechanical

engineering) course in course at the Career Point University, Kota.

We wish to express our sincere gratitude and thanks to our guide Mrs. Nikita Jain

during our whole project work for his inspiration give to us and guidance

showered open us. He was greatly helpful to us by solving all our queries and

difficulties. We are also thankful to our head of the department of mechanical

engineering.

Last but not we are thankful to and all out lectures who showered upon there help

and guidance during the project work and also our friends who always ready to

help.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis deal with design development and fabrication of “MULTI PURPOSE

MECHANICAL MACHINE”. This machine is designed for the purpose of MULTI-

OPERATIONs i.e. DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING. This machine perform

multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this machine is

automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of

current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth return. This model

of the multi OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries and domestic

OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like drilling, cutting &

shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

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LIST OF FIGURES

No Figure Name Page No

1 Whitworth Mechanism 14

2 3D View of MPMM 16

3 Actual View of MPMM 17

4 Drill Bit 23

5 Machine Drawing 24

6 Drilling Machine 31

7 Shaping Machine 32

8 Cutting Machine 33

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LIST OF TABLES

No Table Name Page No

1 Specification of drill 18

2 Specification of hacksaw 21

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Chapter :-1 INTRODUCTION

Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods and services at low

production cost, machinery cost and low inventory cost. Today in this world every task

have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement

also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to make high

productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low average cost

In an industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery

installation. So in this paper we have a proposed a machine which can perform operations

like drilling, sawing, shaping, some lathe operations at different working centers

simultaneously which implies that industrialist have not to pay for machine performing

above tasks individually for operating operation simultaneously.

Economics of manufacturing: According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth-

producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth-consuming.

Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing

employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing

provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.

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1.1 Literature ReviewBefore starting our work we have undergone through many research papers which

indicates that for a production based industries machine installation is a tricky task as

many factor being associated with it such as power consumption (electricity bill per

machine), maintenance cost, no of units produced per machine i.e. capacity of machine,

time consumption and many more….

Some research papers which have led us to approach to the idea of a machine which may

give solution to all these factors are as follows:

Heinrich Arnold1 November 2001: Rather long re-investment cycles of about 15 years

have created the notion that innovation in the machine tool industry happens

incrementally. But looking at its recent history, the integration of digital controls

technology and computers into machine tools have hit the industry in three waves of

technology shocks. Most companies underestimated the impact of this new technology.

This article gives an overview of the history of the machine tool industry since numerical

controls were invented and introduced and analyzes the disruptive character of this new

technology on the market. About 100 interviews were conducted with decision-makers

and industry experts who witnessed the development of the industry over the last forty

years. The study establishes a connection between radical technological change, industry

structure, and competitive environment. It reveals a number of important occurrences and

interrelations that have so far gone unnoticed.

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Dr. Toshimichi Moriwaki (2006): Recent trends in the machine tool technologies are

surveyed from the view points of high speed and high performance machine tools,

combined multifunctional machine tools, ultra precision machine tools and advanced and

intelligent control technologies.

Frankfurt-am Main, 10 January 2011. : The crisis is over, but selling machinery

remains a tough business. Machine tools nowadays have to be veritable “jack of all

trades”, able to handle all kinds of materials, to manage without any process materials as

far as possible, and be capable of adapting to new job profiles with maximized flexibility.

Two highly respected experts on machining and forming from Dortmund and Chemnitz

report on what’s in store for machine tool manufacturers and users.

Multi-purpose machines are the declarations of independence. The trend towards the kind

of multi-purpose machining centers that are able to cost efficiently handle a broad

portfolio of products with small batch sizes accelerated significantly during the crisis.

“With a multi-purpose machine, you’re less dependent on particular products and

sectors”, explains Biermann.

1.2 Proposed Methodology

In this project we will generally give the power supply to the shaft on which a bevel gear

is mounted on it, and a second bevel gear at a right angle to it has been mounted on a drill

shaft to which a drill bit is being attached. At one end of the shaft is connected to power

supply , other end is being joined to a circular disc ,through this circular disc scotch yoke

mechanism is being performed (rotator y motion is converted to reciprocating motion) .

Also in between these two helical gear is mounted which transfer its motion to other

helical gear which is mounted on a shaft consist of grinding wheel.

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Chapter: 2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

2.1 Problem Statement

To design and development of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE, a

structured which is designed for the purpose of MULTI-OPERATIONs i.e.

DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING.

2.2 Problem Identification

This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed &

this machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run

with the help of current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth

return.

This model of the MULTI OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries

and domestic OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like

drilling, cutting & shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

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Chapter: 3 MECHANISM OF MACHINE

WHITWORTH’S QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

3.1 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the performance of a whit worth

quick return motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke

and a slow cutting or forward stroke.

3.2 THEORY

Definition of mechanism

Mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram, which is

used to reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose if this

reproduction is to enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the

encumbrance of the various solid bodies which forms the machine elements.

3.3 WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

Whitworth mechanism

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The above diagram shows the mechanism as used on the apparatus. Link 1 on the

top diagram is extended to point A. Attach to point A is another link with pivot.

The other end of this link terminated in a slider. In a machine tool where this

mechanism is used the cutting tool is attached to this slider.

The link POA rotates about a O. The mechanism is driven by crank PC which

rotates about C with constant velocity. The slider at P slides along POA as the

crank is turned. Its path is shown by the dashed circle, centered on C and through

P. Clearly when P is at P1 the slider S is at the outer extremely of its travel. When

P is at P2 the slider S is at the inner extremely of its travel.

Now as PC rotates with constant velocity the time taken to go from P1 to P2 is

less than that taken to go from P2 to P1. However during both those time intervals

the slider as moving the same distance. Therefore the speed of S is different

during the different parts of cycle. During the shorter time intervals P1 to P2 the

slider as has the greater speed and during the interval P2 to P1 it has slower speed.

Thus P1 to P2 is quick return and P2 to P1.

When applied to metal cutting machine the other advantage is variable power

distribution during the cycle. When S is on the return stroke the slider at P is

nearer O and simple moment shows that the torque applied is low. Hence, the

return stroke uses less power as P=T.W. During the cutting stroke the slider at P is

at greater radius from O and thus more power is available to perform useful work

in the cutting metal.

Thus the overall performance is to provide high power forward cutting

stroke with a low power and higher speed quick return in preparation for the

next cut.

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Chapter: 4 DESIGN OF MODEL

3D VIEW

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ACTUAL VIEW

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Chapter :- 5 MACHINE EQUIPMENTS

5.1 Component of machine

1) FRAME

2) BEVEL GEAR

3) WHITWORTH MECHANISM

4) MOTOR

5) PULLEY

6) BEARING (BALL & SLIDING BEARING)

7) ROCKER ARM

8) HACKSAW BLADE

9) TOOL POST

10) DRILLING CHUCK

11) DRILL TOOL

12) SINGLE CUTTING TOOL

13) TABLE

14) NUT & BOLT

15) OTHER COMPONENTS

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The following components are the major components of the multi process machine.

5.2 DrillingA drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment, usually a drill bit used for drilling

holes in various materials or fastening various materials together with the use of

fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while

pressed against the target material. The tip of the cutting tool does the work of cutting

into the target material. Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking and

construction.

Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and other applications.

Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as power and

capacity.

5.3 ShapingShaper operates by moving a hardened cutting tool backwards and forwards across the

work piece. On the return stroke of the ram the tool is lifted clear of the workpiece,

reducing the cutting action to one direction only. The workpiece mounts on a rigid, box

shaped table in front of the machine. The height of the table can be adjusted to suit this

workpiece, and the table can transverse sideways underneath the reciprocating tool which

is mounted on the ram, the table motion is usually under the control of an automatic feed

mechanism which acts on the feed screw.

The ram slides back and forth above the work, at the front end of the ram is a vertical tool

slide that may be adjusted to either side of the vertical plane. This tool slide holds the

clapper box and tool post from where the tool can be positioned to cut the straight, flat

surface on the top of the workpiece. The tool slide permits feeding the tool downwards to

put on a cut it or may be set away from the vertical plane, as required. The ram is

adjustable for stroke and due to the geometry of the linkage, it moves faster on the return

stroke than on the forward, cutting stroke. This action is via a slotted link or whit worth

link.

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5.4 Cam arrangementA cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in

transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa. It is often a part of a rotating

wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an irregular shape) that

strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth,

as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc

or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the

follower, which is a lever making contact with the cam.The cam can be seen as a device

that rotates from circular to reciprocating (or sometimes oscillating) motion. A common

example is the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine

and translates it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust

valves of the cylinders. Cams can also be viewed as information-storing and transmitting

devices. Examples are the cam-drums that direct the notes of a musical box or the

movements of a screw machine's various tools and chucks. The information stored and

transmitted by the cam.

5.5 Bevel gearA bevel gear is a type of mechanical gear. These gears where the axes of the two shafts

intersect and the tooth bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel

gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to

work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.

5.6 Hydraulic bottle jackBottle jacks are hydraulic jacks that are placed in a horizontal position. These jacks push

against a lever, which lifts the main lift arm. Bottle jacks have a longer handle than most

hydraulic jacks, however, and it is possible to get more lift per stroke with the increased

leverage they provide when compared to regular models of jacks. Bottle jacks are

versatile because their horizontal position makes it possible to place them in tight spots

and provides good leverage. Recently bottle jacks have proven useful in search and

rescue missions following earthquake damage. As a result, bottle jacks are standard

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equipment in firehouses and for search and rescue teams. They are also used for lifting,

spreading, bending, pushing, pressing, or straightening requirements. The base and

cylinders of bottle jacks are electrically welded for strength, and all models are capable of

working in upright, angled, or horizontal positions.

5.7 ViceIt is a device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a work piece; one of the jaws is

fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a work

piece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be

permanently bolted to a bench. In vises designed to hold metallic work pieces, the active

faces of the jaws are hardened steel plates, often removable, with serrations that grip the

work piece; to prevent damage to soft parts, the permanent jaws can be covered with

temporary jaws made from sheet copper or leather. Pipe vises have double V-shaped jaws

that grip in four places instead of only two. Woodworking vises have smooth jaws, often

of wood, and rely on friction alone rather than on serrations.

For holding work pieces on the tables of machine tools, vises with smooth hardened-steel

jaws and flat bases are used. These machine vises are portable but may be clamped to the

machine table when in use; means may also be provided for swiveling the active part of

the vise so that the work piece can be held in a variety of positions relative to the base.

For holding parts that cannot be clamped with flat jaws, special jaws can be provided.

5.8 BearingA bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts, typically

rotation or linear movement.

Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and according to

their principle of operation. Low friction bearings are often important for efficiency, to

reduce wear and to facilitate high speeds.

Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape, by its material, or by

introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces. By shape, gains advantage usually

by using spheres or rollers. By material, exploits the nature of the bearing material used.

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Sliding bearings, usually called bushes bushings journal bearings sleeve bearings rifle

bearings or plain bearings. rolling-element bearings such as ball bearings and roller

bearings.

Jewel bearings, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center. fluid

bearings, in which the load is carried by a gas or liquid magnetic bearings, in which the

load is carried by a magnetic field. Flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by

a load element which bends. Bearings vary greatly over the forces and speeds that they

can support. Forces can be radial, axial (thrust bearings) or moments perpendicular to the

main axis.

Bearings very typically involve some degree of relative movement between surfaces, and

different types have limits as to the maximum relative surface speeds they can handle,

and this can be specified as a speed in ft/s or m/s. The moving parts there is considerable

overlap between capabilities, but plain bearings can generally handle the lowest speeds

while rolling element bearings are faster, hydrostatic bearings faster still, followed by gas

bearings and finally magnetic bearings which have no known upper speed limit.

5.9 Drilling toolDrilling tool is a cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes in

solid material. Usually, drills are rotated by a drilling machine and fed into stationary

work, but on other types of machines a stationary drill may be fed into rotating work or

drill and work may rotate in opposite directions. To form the two cutting edges and to

permit the admission of a coolant and the ejection of chips, two longitudinal or helical

grooves or flutes are provided. The point or tip, of a drill is usually conical in shape, and

it has cutting edges where the flutes end. The angle formed by the tapering sides of the

point determines how large a chip is taken off with each rotation of the drill. The degree

of twist of the helical flutes also affects the drill’s cutting and chip-removal properties.

For general purpose twist drills the helix angle is about 32°. The angle formed by the two

sides of the tapering point is 118° for standard drills, while for drilling tough metals, a

flatter point with a 135° angle is recommended.

The peripheral portion of the drill body not cut away by the flutes is called the land, and

to reduce friction and prevent the land from rubbing against the sides of the hole, most of

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the land is cut away, leaving a narrow ridge called the margin that follows the edge of the

side of the flute that forms the cutting edge. The fluted part, or body, of a drill is either

hardened high-carbon steel or high-speed steel; other drills have inserts of cemented

carbide to form cutting edges or are made from sintered-carbide rods. The shanks of twist

drills are either straight or tapered and when not integral with the body are made from

low-carbon steel and welded to the body.

.

Drill bit

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3. Machine drawing

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Chapter :- 6 WORKING PRINCIPLE

Here the bevel gear arrangement is used for carrying out the operations. Bevel gear is

used to perpendicular (90) power transmission. One of the bevel gear is connected with

the motor and another one with the drill chuck hence when the motor is rotated the drill

chuck also rotates. The motor pulley shaft is connected to a cam arrangement on the other

side. Cam arrangement converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion and the

reciprocating motion is used for the slotting and shaping operation.

The slotting toll and shaping tool are guided by a horizontal guide bush. The up down

table is mounted on a hydraulic bottle jack piston rod hence when the bottle jack handle

is pumped the table height can be adjusted according to the requirement when the after

the process is completed the pressure should be released through pressure relief valve to

make the table come down. A vice is mounted on the table to hold the work piece.

List of materials factors determining the choice of materialsThe various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed below.

6.1 PropertiesThe material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed application.

The various requirements to be satisfied that Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity,

ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect their

selection

a. Physical

b. Mechanical

c. From manufacturing point of view

d. Chemical

The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal Conductivity,

specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity, electrical conductivity,

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magnetic purposes etc. The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in

tensile, Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance,

impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear

resistance and sliding properties.

The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,

a. Cast ability

b. Weld ability

c. Forge ability

d. Surface properties

e. Shrinkage

f. Deep drawing etc.

6.2 Manufacturing caseSometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities

obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of

special materials.

6.3 Quality RequiredThis generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material. For

example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of components which

can be fabricated much more economically by welding or hand forging the steel.

6.4 Availability of MaterialSome materials may be scarce or in short supply it then becomes obligatory for the

designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect substitute for the

material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also

be kept in mind.

6.5 Space consideration

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Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved are

high and space limitations are there.

6.6 CostAs in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an important

part and should not be ignored. Sometimes factors like scrap utilization, appearance and

non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.

6.7 Meritsa. Easy to operate.

b. Reduces time and increases production rate.

c. Low maintenance.

d. Easy to implement

6.8 Applicationsa. Used in small scale industries to reduce machine cost.

b. In such places where frequent change in operation are required.

6.9 Advantages

Multi machine are performed at one time.

Our machine is used Return stroke (whit worth) mechanism.

The return stroke of shaper machine is utilized as cutting operation.

All operation is performed by only one motor.

Size is compact therefore it requires less space.

Time saving.

Less man power is required.

Low manufacturing & maintenance cost.

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Chapter: 7 OPERATION OF MACHINE

Operations perform by machine:-

1. DRILLING

2. SHAPING

3. CUTTING

7.1 DRILLING

Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by using a rotating

cutter called DRILL.

The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine.

The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is held

in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck.

The most common drill used is twist drill.

Drilling Machine

It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.

The work piece is held stationary i.e. champed in position and the drill rotates to

make a hole.

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Components of Drilling Machine

1. Spindle

The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a

sleeve.

2. Sleeve

The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a

direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a

cutting tool is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work and when its

moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn from the work. Feed pressure

applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving drill to cut its way

into the work a fraction of an mm per revolution.

3. Column

The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column

supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.

4. Head

The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, an

electric motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.

5. Worktable

The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The worktable

can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it can

be swung completely out of the way. It may be tilted up to 90 degree in either

direction, to allow long pieces to be end or angle drilled.

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6. Base

The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted

to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best machining

accuracy. The top of the base is similar to the worktable and may be equipped

with t- slot for mounting work too large for the table.

7. Hand feed

The hand feed drilling machine are the simplest and most common type of

drilling machine in use today. These are light duty machine that are operated

by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to “feel” the

action of the cutting tool as it cuts through the work piece. These drilling

machines can be bench or floor mounted.

8. Power feed

The power feed drilling machine are usually larger and heavier than the hand

feed ones they are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool in to the

work automatically duty work or the work that uses large drills that require

power feed larger work pieces are usually clamped directly to the table or base

using t- bolts and clamps by a small work places are held in a vice. A depth-

stop mechanism is located on the head, near the spindle, to aid in drilling to a

precise depth.

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Drilling machine

Specification:-

Drill size in mm Feed in mm/rev.

3.2 & less 0.025-0.050

3.2 to 6.4 0.050-0.10

6.4 to 12.7 0.10-0.18

12.7 to 25.4 0.18-0.38

25.4 & large 0.38-0.64

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7.2 SHAPING

The shaping machine is used to machine flat metal surfaces especially where a

large amount of metal has to be removed. Other machines such as milling

machines are much more expensive and more suited to removing smaller

amounts of metal, very accurately.

The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping

machine can be seen in the diagram. As the disc rotates the top of the

machine moves forwards and backwards, pushing a cutting tool. The

cutting tool removes the metal from work which is carefully bolted

down.

The shaping machine is a simple and yet extremely effective machine.

It is used to remove material, usually metals such as steel or

aluminum, to produce a flat surface. However, it can also be used to

manufacture gears such as rack and pinion systems and other complex

shapes. Inside its shell/casing is a crank and slider mechanism that

pushes the cutting tool forward and returns it to its original position.

This motion is continuous.

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Shaping machine

7.3 CUTTING

A hacksaw is a fine tooth saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used for

cutting materials such as metal or plastics, hand held hacksaws consist of a metal

arch with a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow

disposable blade. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under

tension. The blade can be mounted with a teeth facing toward or away from the

handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. On the push

stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade.

Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 or 12 inches for a

standard hand hacksaw. “junior” hacksaws are half the size. Powered hacksaw

may use large blade in a range of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand

blades.

Cutting machine

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Specification of hacksaw

Size of hacksaw blade:-

Thickness = 1.27-2.54mm

Width = 25.40-50.80mm

Length = 304.80-609.60mm

Work piece material Cutting speed in m/s

Mild steel 0.75

Cast iron 0.50

Brass/ aluminum 1.5

Bronze 1.25

Thin section(pipes & tubes) 1.5

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Chapter:- 8 FUTURE IMPLIMENTATION

We can perform various operations like cutting, drilling or shaping individually

by introducing coupling (engagement & disengagement) between them.

We can perform grinding operation by introducing a grinding tool at the main

shaft.

We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing

drilling tool.

We can change the speed of motor by regulator.

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Chapter:- 9 CONCLUSION

After completing the major project on “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE”

we are much happy and would like to thank our teacher guides and the lectures of the

concerned department who have guided us.

While making this project we have been also to learn a lot and understand the various

aspects of “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE” we can use our knowledge,

which we get during our study.

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Chapter:- 10 REFRENCE

The websites:-

www.technogystudent.com

www.terry-eng27.blogspot.in

www.wikipedia.org

www.ask.refrence.com

www.dictionary.refrence.com

www.community.machinedesign.com

www.google.com

www.sciencedirect.com

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/

http://www.google.com/

http://www.community.machinedesign.com/

http://www.dictionary.refrence.com/

http://www.ask.refrence.com/

http://www.wikipedia.org/

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CPU, KOTA

Report on MULTI PROCESS MACHINE

Engineering

Transcript of Report on MULTI PROCESS MACHINE