Report on Jail Adalats in India 2009- Liberty at the Cost of Innocence

7/31/2019 Report on Jail Adalats in India 2009- Liberty at the Cost of Innocence

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LBTO 4==?

K Tj}ntp nh Ikoc K`kckp| oh Oh`ok

CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

LBTOLnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp| Ohopokpouj



4 CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

Lnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp| Ohopokpouj

Pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp| Ohopokpouj "LBTO/ o| kh oh`j}jh`jhp# hnh&}ktpo|kh# ohpjthkponhkc hnh&anujthfjhpkcntakho|kponh# fkh`kpj` pn jh|ztj pbj }tklpolkctjkco|kponh ne bzfkh toabp| oh pbj lnzhptoj| ne pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb( Oh;?21# |jujtkc Lnffnhqjkcpb }tnej||onhkc k||nlokponh| enzh`j` LBTO( Pbjy djcojuj` pbkp qbocj pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb}tnuo`j` fjfdjt lnzhptoj| k |bktj` |jp ne ukczj| kh` cjakc }tohlo}cj| etnf qbolb pn qntg kh` }tnuo`j` k entzfqopboh qbolb pn }tnfnpj bzfkh toabp|# pbjtj qk| coppcj enlz| nh pbj o||zj| ne bzfkh toabp| qopboh pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb(

Pbj ndijlpouj| ne LBTO ktj pn }tnfnpj kqktjhj|| ne kh` k`bjtjhlj pn pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb Bktktj ]tohlo}cj|# pbjZhoujt|kc @jlcktkponh ne Bzfkh Toabp| kh` npbjt ohpjthkponhkccy tjlnaho|j` bzfkh toabp| oh|ptzfjhp|# k| qjcc k|`nfj|pol oh|ptzfjhp| |z}}ntpoha bzfkh toabp| oh Lnffnhqjkcpb fjfdjt |pkpj|(

Pbtnzab op| tj}ntp| kh` }jtonòl ohuj|poakponh|# LBTO lnhpohzkccy tkq| kppjhponh pn }tnatj|| kh` |jpdklg| pn bzfkhtoabp| oh Lnffnhqjkcpb lnzhptoj|( Oh kùnlkpoha ent k}}tnklbj| kh` fjk|ztj| pn }tjujhp bzfkh toabp| kdz|j|#LBTO k``tj||j| pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb \jltjpktokp# fjfdjt anujthfjhp| kh` louoc |nlojpy k||nlokponh|( Pbtnzab op|}zdcol j`zlkponh }tnatkffj|# }ncoly òkcnazj|# lnf}ktkpouj tj|jktlb# kùnlkly kh` hjpqntgoha# LBTO‟| k}}tnklbpbtnzabnzp o| pn klp k| k lkpkcy|p ktnzh` op| }tontopy o||zj|(

Pbj hkpztj ne LBTO‟| |}nh|ntoha ntakho|kponh| kccnq| ent k hkponhkc }tj|jhlj kh` kh ohpjthkponhkc hjpqntg() Pbj|j}tnej||onhkc| lkh kc|n |pjjt }zdcol }ncoly dy ohlnt}ntkpoha bzfkh toabp| hntf| ohpn pbjot nqh qntg kh` klp k| klnh`zop pn o||jfohkpj bzfkh toabp| ohentfkponh# |pkh`kt`| kh` }tklpolj|( Pbj|j atnz}| kc|n dtoha cnlkc ghnqcjàj#lkh kllj|| }ncoly fkgjt|# boabcoabp o||zj|# kh` klp oh lnhljtp pn }tnfnpj bzfkh toabp|(

LBTO o| dk|j` oh Hjq @jcbo# Ohòk# kh` bk| neeolj| oh Cnh`nh# ZG# kh` Klltk# Abkhk(

Ohpjthkponhkc Kùo|nty Lnffo||onh9 \kf Ngz`jpn & Lbkot}jt|nh( Fjfdjt|9 Jzholj Dtnngfkh&Kfo||kb# FzttkyDztp# _k|b Abko# Kco|nh @zrdzty# Hjuoccj Cohpnh# D(A( Ujtabj|j# Ynbtk _z|ze kh` Fkik @ktzqkck(

Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Ohòk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Ohòk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Ohòk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Ohòk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Ohòk/9 D(A( Ujtabj|j “ Lbkot}jt|nh( Fjfdjt|9 Khz Kak# D(G(Lbkh`tk|bjgkt# Dbkaqkh@k|# Hopoh @j|ko# G(\( @boccnh# Bktoukh|b# \khiny Bkktogk# ]nnhkf Fzpptjik# Tzfk ]kc# T(U( ]occko# Gkfkc Gzfkt kh` Fkik @ktzqkck “ @otjlpnt(

Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Abkhk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Abkhk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Abkhk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Abkhk/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "Abkhk/9 \kf Ngz`jpn “ Lbkot}jt|nh( Fjfdjt|9 Khhk Dn||fkh# Hjuoccj Cohpnh# Jfocj\bntp# D(A( Ujtabj|j# kh` Fkik @ktzqkck & @otjlpnt(

Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "ZG/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "ZG/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "ZG/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "ZG/9Jrjlzpouj Lnffoppjj "ZG/9 Hjuoccj Cohpnh “ Lbkot}jt|nh7 Coh`|ky Tn|| “ @j}zpy Lbkot}jt|nh( Fjfdjt|9 Kz|poh

@kuo|# Fjjhkg|bo @bkt# @jtjg Ohatkf# Lckotj Fktpoh# \yj` \bktez`òh kh` Jcokdjpb \fopb(

) Lnffnhqjkcpb Inzthkco|p| K||nlokponh# Lnffnhqjkcpb Ckqyjt| K||nlokponh# Lnffnhqjkcpb Cjakc J`zlkponh K||nlokponh#

Lnffnhqjkcpb ]ktcokfjhpkty K||nlokponh# Lnffnhqjkcpb ]tj|| Zhonh kh` Lnffnhqjkcpb Dtnk`lk|poha K||nlokponh(

O\DH9 2;&224=:&1=&4¯ Lnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp| Ohopokpouj# 4==?(Fkpjtokc etnf pbo| tj}ntp fky dj z|j`# zcy klghnqcjàoha pbj |nztlj(

LBTO Bjk`{zktpjt|# Hjq @jcboLBTO Bjk`{zktpjt|# Hjq @jcboLBTO Bjk`{zktpjt|# Hjq @jcboLBTO Bjk`{zktpjt|# Hjq @jcboLBTO Bjk`{zktpjt|# Hjq @jcbo LBTO Zhopj` Goha`nf# Cnh`nhLBTO Zhopj` Goha`nf# Cnh`nhLBTO Zhopj` Goha`nf# Cnh`nhLBTO Zhopj` Goha`nf# Cnh`nhLBTO Zhopj` Goha`nf# Cnh`nh LBTO Ketolk# KlltkLBTO Ketolk# KlltkLBTO Ketolk# KlltkLBTO Ketolk# KlltkLBTO Ketolk# KlltkD&;;1# \jlnh` Ecnnt Oh|popzpj ne Lnffnhqjkcpb \pzòj| Bnz|j Hn(?# \kfntk Fklbjc\ktun`kyk Jhlckuj 42# Tz||jcc \{zktj \ptjjp K|yczf @nqhHjq @jcbo & ;;= =;1 Cnh`nh QL;D :@\ N}}n|opj Djujtcy Bocc| BnpjcOH@OK ZG Hjkt Ptz|p Pnqjt|#Klltk# AbkhkPjc9 '?;&;;&452:&=:4<# 4525&0512 Pjc9 '00&=4=&1&254&22:1 Pjc9 '==4<<&4;&?1;;1=Ekr9 '?;&;;&4525&0522 Ekr9 '00&=4=&1&254&224= Pjc.Ekr9 '==4<<&4;&?1;;1=J&fkoc9 ohenMbzfkhtoabp|ohopokpouj(nta J&fkoc9 lbtoM|k|(kl(zg J&fkoc9 lbtoketMketolknhcohj(lnf(ab

qq qqqqqq qqqqqqq(bzfkhtoabp|ohopokpouj(nta(bzfkhtoabp|ohopokpouj(nta(bzfkhtoabp|ohopokpouj(nta(bzfkhtoabp|ohopokpouj(nta(bzfkhtoabp|ohopokpouj(nta



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ <

Qtoppjh dy ]topo Dbktk`qki

Qtoppjh Oh}zp| kh` J`opj` dy \qkpo Fjbpk

Tj|jktlb Pjkf

Etj`jtolg ]oaanpp# Fztkco Gkthkf# ]topo Dbktk`qki




Lnhlj}p# Uo|zkco|kponh % Ckynzp9 Lbjhpbocgzfkt ]ktkfk|oukf



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ :

‥ pbkp }to|nhjt| foabp dj lnjtlj` ohpn k`foppoha azocp o|hnp nhcy zhiz|p dzp pnn doa k }tolj pn }ky ent etjj`nf(



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ 1

Pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp| Ohopokpouj "LBTO/ }tn`zlj` pbo| tj}ntp k| }ktp ne op| qntg nh }to|nh tjentf| kltn|| Ohòk( Pbj tj}ntp o| pbj tj|zcp ne pbj jeentp| ne fkhy }jn}cj# dnpb qopboh kh` nzp|o`j LBTO(

LBTO pbkhg| jujtynhj qbn lnhptodzpj` pn pbo| |pz`y kh` jr}tj||j| op| k}}tjlokponh pn kcc

pbj }to|nh neeoljt|# izòlokc neeoljt|# fjfdjt| ne \pkpj Bzfkh Toabp| Lnffo||onh# kh`

fjfdjt| ne \pkpj Cjakc \jtuolj| Kzpbntopy kltn|| pbj |pkpj| tj|jktlbj`(

LBTO pbkhg| pbj }to|nh tjentf| pjkf pbkp }zp pbj tj}ntp pnajpbjt(

Eohkccy# pbo| dnng lnzc` hnp bkuj djjh }zdco|bj` qopbnzp pbj ajhjtnz| eohkhlokc |z}}ntpne \ot @ntkdio Pkpk Ptz|p(

Ofkaj ltjòp|9Ofkaj9 ¯ o\pnlg}bnpn(lnf.@zhlkh Qkcgjt "lnujt ofkaj % }a( ;4 % ;</Akdtojck Anhyëcjy "lnujt % dklg pjrpztj/Fogj Fzhlbjc "0 % :/

@nuocj Dzpuockopj "}a( 4= % 4;/Ofkaj9 ¯ o\pnlg}bnpn(lnf.Fktgn Tnj}jt "}a( <=/Ofkaj9 ¯ o\pnlg}bnpn(lnf.FD]BNPN "}a( <;/Hkpk|k Yfkbjt "}a( 0= % 0;/ Kcjg|kh`tk ] "}a( 05 % 01/



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ?

Ohptn`zlponh “ Ikoc K`kckp|9 ]tndcjf nt ]khkljk>(((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((((((((((((((((((;4 Ikoc k`kckp| k| k }tn}n|j` tjfj`y (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;:

Kof ne pbj |pz`y (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;5

Fjpbn`ncnay ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;5\kf}cj

@kpk Lnccjlponh

Cofopkponh|

\ptzlpztj ne pbj tj}ntp (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((;2

Lbk}pjt O “ Ikoc K`kckp| oh Pbjnty (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((4=Ntoaoh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((4<

Ezhlponhoha nh izòlokc nt`jt| (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((4<

@oeejtjhp pbkh Cng K`kckp (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((4<

Qby Ikoc K`kckp|> (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((4:]tndcjf| ktj ghnqh

\nczponh| ktj ghnqh

Of}cjfjhpkponh tjfkoh| k }tndcjf

Lbk}pjt OO “ Ikoc K`kckp| oh ]tklpolj (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<=@o|}ktopy oh pbj etj{zjhly ne bncòha ikoc k`kckp| ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<<

Jeejlp| ne uktyoha }tklpolj nh pbj o|}n|kc tkpj ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<5

@jpjtfohoha jcoaodocopy9 hn lcjkt azo`jcohj| (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<5

Pbj kfdoazopy ne pbj pjtf ‒}jppy neejhlj|‟

]tnlj`ztj oh ikoc k`kckp| ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<2\jhpjhloha ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((<?

Lbk}pjt OOO “ Lnjtloha pn Lbnn|j9 ]tncnhaj` \pky oh ]to|nhnt \bntp&Lzp pn ‒Iz|polj‟ (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((0=

Ikoc k`kckp|9 kp pbj ln|p ne iz|polj> (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((0<

Ikoc k`kckp|9 k }tklpolkc qky pn jh|ztj iz|polj> ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((00

Lnhlcz|onh % Tjlnffjh`kponh| “ Djynh` ]kplb&z} Tjfjòj| (((((((((((((((((((((( ((((05

Acn||kty ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((:4

Khhjrztj| K Cjppjt dy Lboje Iz|polj K(\(Khkh` "Hnu ;???/ tjlnffjhòha pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| (((((((:5

D Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Izcy 4===/ pn bnc` ikoc k`kckp| ((((((((((((((((((:2

L Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Ikh 4==;/ tjfoh oha pn bnc` ikoc k`kckp| (((:?@ ]tnlj`ztj ent \zffkty Ptokc9 Lbk}pjt RRO# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj ";?1</ ((((((((((((((((((5=

J K}}colkponh ent Ikoc K`kckp z|j` oh Czlghnq @o|ptolp ]to|nh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((54E @jeohoponh ne ‒}jppy neejhlj‟9 Fktkpbo lotlzckt o||zj` dy OA "]to|nh|/#

Fkbktk|bptk ent Kftkukpo Ljhptkc ]to|nh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((50

A Khkcy|o| ne pbj Fktkpbo Lotlzckt ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5:B [zj|ponhhkotj (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((5?

O \kf}cj TPO k}}colkponh tj{zj|poha ohentfkponh }jtpkohoha pn ikoc k`kckp| ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((1=

I Pbj ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2 ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((14

G ]cjk Dktakohoha9 Lbk}pjt RROK# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj ";?1</ ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((1<

Jh`hnpj| (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((15



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ;;

D]T@ Dztjkz ne ]ncolj Tj|jktlb % @jujcn}fjhp

LIF Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj

LFF Lboje Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj

Lt(](L( Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj

LI\ Ltofohkc Iz|polj \y|pjf

@C\K @o|ptolp Cjakc \jtuolj| Kzpbntopy

O]L Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j

IFEL Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj ne Eot|p Lck||

FF Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj

HLTD Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz

TPO Toabp pn Ohentfkponh Klp 4==:

\BTL \pkpj Bzfkh Toabp| Lnffo||onh

\C\K \pkpj Cjakc \jtuolj| Kzpbntopy



;4 CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

Ohptn`zlponhOhptn`zlponhOhptn`zlponhOhptn`zlponhOhptn`zlponh

Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|9 ]9 ]9 ]9 ]9 ]tndcjf nt tndcjf nt tndcjf nt tndcjf nt tndcjf nt ]]]]]khkljk>khkljk>khkljk>khkljk>khkljk>



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ;<




–khynhj kttj|pj` nt `jpkohj` nh k

ltofohkc lbktaj‥|bkcc dj jhpopcj`

pn ptokc qopboh k tjk|nhkdcj pofj nt

pn tjcjk|j( Op |bkcc hnp dj pbj

ajhjtkc tzcj pbkp }jt|nh| kqkopoha

ptokc |bkcc dj `jpkohj` oh lz|pn`y#

dzp tjcjk|j fky dj |zdijlpj` pn

azktkhpjj| pn k}}jkt ent ptokc‖



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ;:

Pbj fn|p |ptogoha lbktklpjto|pol ne pbj Ohòkh }to|nh| o| op| boab zh`jt&ptokc; }n}zckponh( Ohòk |pkh`| kp hzfdjt ;0 ohpbj co|p ne ;?: lnzhptoj| kltn|| pbj qntc` qopb pbj boabj|p hzfdjt ne }tj&ptokc jpkohjj|(4 Fntj pbkh 5: }jt ljhp< ne pbj }to|nh ohfkpj| oh Ohòk ktj kqkopoha ptokc( Kcc pbj|j }jn}cj ktj ohhnljhp oh pbj jyj| ne pbj ckq(

Bnq lkh k |y|pjf pbkp lkcc| op|jce iz|p kh` ekot# iz|poey j}touoha 4#0:#400 –ohhnljhp ‖ }jn}cj ne pbjot codjtpy>

–Pbj lnh|j{zjhlj| ne }tj&ptokc `jpjhponh ktj atkuj( @jejh`khp| }tj|zfj` ohhnljhp ktj |zdijlpj` pn pbj}|ylbncnaolkc kh` }by|olkc j}toukponh| ne ikoc coej# z|zkccy zh`jt fntj nhjtnz| lnhòponh| pbkh ktj of}n|j`

nh lnhuolpj` jejh`khp|( Pbj ikocj` jejh`khp cn|j| bo| ind oe bj bk| nhj kh` o| }tjujhpj` etnf lnhptodzpohapn pbj }tj}ktkponh ne bo| jejhlj( J{zkccy of}ntpkhp# pbj dzt`jh ne bo| jpjhponh etj{zjhpcy ekcc| bjkuocy nhpbj ohhnljhp fjfdjt| ne bo| ekfocy‖( 0

Pbj }tohlo}cj ne }tj|zf}ponh ne ohhnljhlj o| ktazkdcy pjf}jtj` dy khnpbjt izto|}tz`jhpokc }tohlo}cj# –hkfjcy# pbkppbj lnzt|j ne iz|polj fz|p }tnljj` zhboh`jtj` dy pbj klpouopoj| ne pbn|j qbn qnzc` |jjg pn |zdujtp op‖(: Pbj }tofktytjk|nh ent ohlktljtkpoha }jn}cj }tj|zfj` pn dj ohhnljhp# pbjtjentj coj| oh pbj tj{zotjfjhp pn jh|ztj pbj kukockdocopy ne pbj kllz|j` pn fjjp pbj ltofohkc lbktaj| kakoh|p pbjf( Bnqjujt# op bk| cnha djjh kllj}pj` pbkp of}to|nhfjhp o| hnppbj nhcy qky pn fjjp pbo| tj{zotjfjhp(

Pbj kllz|j` lkh dj tjcjk|j` nh dkoc oe pbjy nt k }jt|nh ghnqh pn pbjf jrjlzpj| k dnh` pbkp azktkhpjj| pbjot }tj|jhljkp ptokc( Oh |nfj lk|j|# dkoc fky dj jhoj` oe pbjtj ktj lnajhp tjk|nh| pn djcojuj pbkp pbj kllz|j` fky pkf}jt qopbjuo`jhlj nt lnffop npbjt neejhlj| qbocj nh dkoc( Bnqjujt# kcc }jt|nh| oh jpjhponh fz|p dj ptoj` qopboh k tjk|nhkdcjpofj }jton` pn kuno` zhhjlj||kty bkt`|bo} nh pbn|j qbn ktj ohhnljhp kh` yjp of}to|nhj`( Pbj Ohpjthkponhkc Lnujhkhpnh Louoc kh` ]ncopolkc Toabp| tj{zotj| pbkp9

–khynhj kttj|pj` nt `jpkohj` nh k ltofohkc lbktaj‥|bkcc dj jhpopcj` pn ptokc qopboh k tjk|nhkdcj pofj nt pn tjcjk|j( Op |bkcc hnp dj pbj ajhjtkc tzcj pbkp }jt|nh| kqkopoha ptokc |bkcc dj `jpkohj` oh lz|pn`y# dzptjcjk|j fky dj |zdijlpj` pn azktkhpjj| pn k}}jkt ent ptokc‖( 5

Ikoc K`kckp| k| k ]tn}n|j` Tjfj`y

]ncoly fkgjt| oh Ohòk bkuj tjlnaho|j` pbj fkahopz`j ne pbj }tndcjf ne boab }jtljhpkaj ne zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh oh}to|nh|( Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh jkcp qopb pbj o||zj oh k |j}ktkpj tj}ntp oh ;?1?(1 Op| fkint tjlnffjh`kponh| ohlcz`j`k codjtkco|j` dkoc }ncoly kh` jr}jòponz| ò|}n|kc ne lk|j|( Pbotpy yjkt| bjhlj# nujtltnqòha oh }to|nh| tjfkoh| k}tndcjf( Pbj anujthfjhp o| hnp jhyoha pbkp nujt&tj}tj|jhpkponh ne pbj zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh qopboh pbj }to|nh| o| katkuj }tndcjf# dzp pbj |nczponh| |zaaj|pj` dy pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh bkuj hnp djjh tjkco|j` oh }tklpolj(

Pbj cjao|ckpztj kh` pbj izòlokty bkuj dnpb |pj}}j` oh pn jh|ztj pbkp pbj dkoc tjaofj o| codjtkco|j`# dzp pbj }tklpoljtjfkoh| ekt tjfnuj` etnf pbj ohpjhp( @o|}n|kc ne lk|j| |pocc pkgj| k cnha pofj( Oh eklp |n fzlb |y|pjfol y|ezhlponh bk|}ocj` z} pbkp pbjtj o| k atnqoha iz|poeolkponh ent k`n}poha –|bntp&lzp‖ fjlbkho|f| “ pbkp kc|n oczpj pbj ‒`zj }tnlj||toabp|‟ “ |n pbkp pbj |y|pjf lkh dj |jjh pn dj ezhlponhoha( Ek|p ptklg lnztp|# }cjk&dktakohoha# ikoc k`kckp| ktj |nfjne pbj oh|popzponhkco|j` jrkf}cj| ne pbo|( Npbjt| ohlcz`j }tn}n|j` o`jk| pn kccnq }ncolj pn tjlnt` lnhej||onh|# tj`zljpbj dzt`jh ne }tnne etnf ‒djynh` tjk|nhkdcj nzdp ‟ pn pbj ‒|zdijlpouj |kpo|eklponh‟ ne pbj izàj(

Ptkh|ckpj` copjtkccy k| }to|nh lnztp# ikoc k`kckp| |jj izàj| bncòha lnztp| oh }to|nh| pn ò|}n|j nee lk|j| ne –}jppy‖neejh`jt| qbn ktj qoccoha pn k`fop azocp( @juo|j` k| k |ptkpjay pn `jkc qopb nujtltnqòha kh` boab zh`jt&ptokc

}n}zckponh# ikoc k`kckp| bkuj hnp djjh kdcj pn k``tj|| pbj }tndcjf( Oh eklp# fkhy ktazj pbkp pbjy bkuj pbjf|jcuj|djlnfj k }ktp ne pbj }tndcjf(

Pbn|j n}}n|j` pn ikoc k`kckp| ktazj pbkp pbj|j lnztp| ktj hnp iz|p( Pbjy ktj |bntp oh }tnlj`ztj kh` jr}cnop pbjuzchjtkdocopy ne pbj }nnt }to|nhjt|( Pbn|j qbn bkuj pbj fjkh| ktj tjcjk|j` nh dkoc kh` pbj }nnt ktj aoujh k zdonz|lbnolj( Pbjy lkh |pky oh }to|nh kh` kqkop k ptokc ent fnhpb| nt yjkt|# nt pbjy lkh n}p pn lnhej|| kh` dj tjcjk|j` kepjt tjlntòha k lnhuolponh ent pbj }jton` "ne of}to|nhfjhp kctjk`y/ zh`jtanhj( ]tn}nhjhp| ne ikoc k`kckp|# nh pbj npbjt bkh`# ktazj pbkp qbocj pbj|j lnztp| fky hnp dj pbj dj|p |nczponh# pbjy kp cjk|p neejt |nfj lbnolj pn }nnt }jn}cj pn ajpnzp ne pbj bnttoeyoha lnhòponh| pbkp }tjukoc oh }to|nh|( Pbjy ktazj pbkp pbj lbnolj# kcdjop k zdonz| nhj# fz|p coj qopbpbn|j qbn |zeejt of}to|nhfjhp( Pbj|j òeeolzcp `jlo|onh| ne qbjpbjt nt hnp pn bnc` ikoc k`kckp| fz|p hnp dj pkgjh dy}jn}cj qbn lckof pn tj}tj|jhp pbj }to|nhjt| qopbnzp jujt bkuoha eklj` bkt|b }to|nh lnhòponh|(




Kof ne pbj \pz`y

Ikoc k`kckp| bkuj tjljouj` tj}jkpj` kh` lnh|o|pjhp jh`nt|jfjhp etnf Lboje Iz|polj|2 ne pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp kh` pbjBoab Lnztp| k| qjcc k| boab }nqjtj` lnffoppjj|? |jp z} dy pbj izòlokty( Pbo| kcnhj fkgj| k |pz`y ne pbj fjlbkho|fz|jezc( Dzp lnfdohj` qopb dnpb# pbj lnf}cjpj cklg ne nlzfjhpkponh nh pbj |zdijlp kh` ohlnh|o|pjhp }tnlj`ztj kh`}tklpolj|# pbj |pz`y o| }ktpolzcktcy tjcjukhp(

Pbo| |pz`y qk| zh`jtpkgjh pn jrkfohj bnq pbj }tnlj|| o| lkttoj` nzp oh oeejtjhp |pkpj|( Nhj ne pbj }tofkty kof| ne pbj|pz`y qk| pn o`jhpoey ann` }tklpolj| ne bncòha ikoc k`kckp| kh` jrkfohj qbjpbjt pbj|j lnzc` dj k`n}pj` oh npbjt |pkpj|( Pbo| qk| dk|j` nh pbj k||zf}ponh pbkp jujh pbnzab ikoc k`kckp| ktj hnp pbj dj|p qky pn tj`zlj pbj hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|# pbjy lkh dj z|j` oh pbj ohpjtof }jton` qbocj dtnk`jt |y|pjfol ltofohkc iz|polj tjentf| ktjzh`jtqky( Op qk| k||zfj` pbkp pbnzab |bntp nh pjlbholkc }tnlj`ztj# pbj|jk`kckp| ktj }jtbk}| k iz|p qky pn `jkc qopb–}jppy‖ neejh`jt| qbn# oe qoccoha pn k`fop azocp# lkh dj tjcjk|j` etnf pbj }to|nh| kepjt tjlntòha k lnhuolponh( Bnqjujt#bkuoha lnh`zlpj` pbj |pz`y# pbj|j k||zf}ponh| bkuj djjh tjlnh|o`jtj` "k| |bnqh dy pbj eohòha| oh pbj tj}ntp/(

Pbo| tj}ntp |jjg| pn jhlnztkaj k jdkpj nh pbj z|j ne |bntp&lzp fjlbkho|f| oh pbj ltofohkc iz|polj |y|pjf cogj pbj ikock`kckp|( Op dtoha| pn pbj entj# pbj }tndcjf| pbkp pbj|j bk|pocy pbnzabp nzp –|nczponh|‖ aouj to|j pn( Pbj pktajp kzòjhljent pbo| tj}ntp ohlcz`j| pbj }to|nh kh` izòlokc neeoljt| qbn kttkhaj kh` bnc` pbj|j k`kckp|7 pbj }ncopolkc cjk`jt| qbnfky dj oh`zlj` ohpn pbohgoha pbkp pbj|j k`kckp| |bnzc` dj aoujh |pkpzpnty tjlnahoponh qopbnzp khy eztpbjt `jdkpj7npbjt |pkpj kajhloj| cogj pbj bzfkh toabp| lnffo||onh| qbolb tjlnffjh` pbjot z|j7 kh` pbj louoc |nlojpy(

Fjpbn`ncnay

Ikoc k`kckp| bkuj djjh lnh`zlpj` oh fkhy }to|nh| kltn|| Ohòk |ohlj ;???# kepjt pbj pbjh Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk"Iz|polj K(\( Khkh`/ |jhp k cjppjt pn pbj Lboje Iz|polj| ne kcc pbj Boab Lnztp|( Pbo| cjppjt "|jj Khhjrztj K/ jrbntpj` pbjLboje Iz|polj| pn bnc` lnztp| oh }to|nh| oh nt`jt pn k``tj|| pbj }tndcjf ne boab zh`jt&ptokc }to|nh }n}zckponh(Bnqjujt# pbjtj ktj hn |pzòj| nt |pkpo|pol| nh pbj ezhlponhoha ne pbj|j lnztp|( Pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp|Ohopokpouj "LBTO/ jlo`j` pn |pz`y pbo| fjlbkho|f oh pjh |jcjlp |pkpj|# hkfjcy9 Kh`btk ]tk`j|b# Lbbkppo|aktb# @jcbo;=#Ibktgbkh`# Gkthkpkgk# Fk`byk ]tk`j|b# Fkbktk|bptk# Tkik|pbkh# Pkfoc Hk`z kh` Zppkt ]tk`j|b(

LBTO bk| djjh qntgoha pnqkt`| dtohaoha kdnzp |y|pjfol tjentf oh pbj }to|nh|# oh joabp ne pbj pjh |pkpj| qbjtj pbo||pz`y qk| lnh`zlpj`( @zj pn pbj cklg ne ohentfkponh nh pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp|# op qk| kh nduonz| `jlo|onh pn

lnh`zlp op oh |pkpj| qbjtj LBTO bk` op| }tj|jhlj( Zppkt ]tk`j|b kh` Ibktgbkh` “ pbj pqn |pkpj| qbjtj LBTO nj| hnpqntg |}jloeolkccy nh }to|nh| “ qjtj ohlcz`j` oh pbj |pz`y djlkz|j pbjy ktj kfnha pbj fn|p nujtltnq`j` |pkpj| qopb k|oahoeolkhp }tn}ntponh ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|(;;

]to|nh \pkpo|pol| oh 4==5

\pkpj Zh`jt&ptokc ]n}zckponh "}jt ljhp/ Nujtltnqòha "}jt ljhp/

Kh`btk ]tk`j|b 5:(0 ;40(4

Lbbkppo|aktb :2(5 ;?:(:

@jcbo 2;(5 4;0(0

Ibktgbkh` 50(0 ;2<(4

Gkthkpkgk 52(; ;=1(1

Fk`byk ]tk`j|b :4(; ;:2(=

Fkbktk|bptk 5<(: ;42(;

Tkik|pbkh :?(< 1?(1

Pkfoc Hk`z ;:(:) ;=5(5

Zppkt ]tk`j|b 1:(4 ;20(2

) Pkfoc Hk`z `nj| hnp lnzhp op| 0:(; }jt ljhp tjfkh` }to|nhjt| k| zh`jt&ptokc| "k| o| `nhj dy npbjt |pkpj|/( Oe op ò`# pbj pnpkc

zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| }n}zckponh oh pbj |pkpj qnzc` dj k| boab k| 5=(5 }jt ljhp oh|pjk` ne ;:(: }jt ljhp(



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ;1

\kf}cj

Pn ajp k tj}tj|jhpkpouj |kf}cj ne pbj }to|nh| oh pbj jhpotj |pkpj# LBTO `jlo`j` pn ndpkoh kpk etnf eouj ljhptkc }to|nh|etnf jklb |pkpj# jrlczòha }to|nh| oh fjptn}ncopkh ktjk|( Pbo| |kf}cj qnzc` aouj k dtnk` kh` tj}tj|jhpkpouj uojq ne pbj |opzkponh kltn|| pbj |pkpj( Qj jcodjtkpjcy lbn|j pn ohlcz`j nhj qnfjh }to|nh qbjtjujt }n||odcj(Pbj pjh |pkpj| kh` pbj }to|nh| pbkp qjtj |jcjlpj` ktj fjhponhj` djcnq9

\pkpj|

Kh`btk ]tk`j|b

Lbbkppo|aktb

@jcbo

Ibktgbkh`

Gkthkpkgk)

Fk`byk ]tk`j|b

Fkbktk|bptk

Tkik|pbkh

Zppkt ]tk`j|b

Pkfoc Hk`z

Ljhptkc ]to|nh|

Tkhak Tj``y “Lbktck}kccy# By`jtkdk` “Lbjhlbkcaz`k# Qktkhakc#Jk|p An`kukto&Tkikbfzh`ty# Uo|kgk}kphkf# Gk`k}k#Hjccntj

Kfdogk}zt# Dock|}zt#@zta# Ika`kc}zt# Tko}zt

Pobkt# Tnboho

Tkhlbo# Bkktodkab#@zfgk

Dkhakcntj# Fy|ntj#@ktqk`# Djcakzf#Djcckty# Azcdktak# Doik}zt

Aqkcont# Ikdkc}zt# Oh`ntj#Toqk# \kakt# Dbn}kc

Kftkukpo# Kztkhakdk`#Gncbk}zt# Fzfdko#Hka}zt# Pbkhj# Hk|bog#_jtqk`k

Gnpk# Z`ko}zt# Dbktkp}zt#Iko}zt QnfjhTjentfkpnty# Kifjt#Iko}zt# In`b}zt# Dogkhjt

Fk`ztko# Lnohfdkpntj#Pbotzukcczt# Lz``kcntj#Ptolby# Ujccntj QnfjhTjentfkpnty

@o|ptolp ]to|nh|

Fkbdnndhkakt#Gktofhkakt# Kòckdk`& K|oekdk`# Hokfkdk #Fj`kg&\khaktj``y#Hkcanh`k# Uoikyqk`k#Azhpzt# Khkhpk}ztkf#Lboppnnt# ]tkgk|bkf&Nhancj# Uookhkaktkf

\bofnak# Tkolbzt#Tkfkhkaktk# Gnckt#Lboptk`ztak#Lbkfktkikhkakt# Pzfgzt#Lbolgfkakczt# Do`kt#Fjògjto# Bk|kh# Gktqkt

Czlghnq# Katk# Ibkh|o#Antkgb}zt# Fjjtzp# T koDktjoccy# Ekokdk`

\zd&ikoc|

Gbkffkf# \togkgzckf#Qj|p An`kukto# Gzthnnc

) Ohentfkponh ent Gkthkpkgk qk| hnp lnccjlpj` pbtnzab TPO k}}colkponh|( Op qk| aoujh dy pbj }to|nh neeolokc| oh Gkthkpkgk qbn qjtj

jrptjfjcy bjc}ezc(

Bnqjujt# `j}jhòha z}nh pbj |}jloeol |opzkponh oh pbj aoujh izto|òlponh# qj bk` pn lbkhaj pbj }tn}n|j` |kf}cj}n}zckponh( Oh @jcbo kh` Ibktgbkh`# qj bk` pn dj |kpo|eoj` dy ohlczòha cj||jt hzfdjt ne }to|nh| djlkz|j ne pbj|}jloeol |opzkponh ne pbj|j izto|òlponh|(;4 Oh |nfj |pkpj| cogj Zppkt ]tk`j|b# qj enzh` pbkp o|ptolp }to|nh| qnzc` dj k




djppjt n}ponh pn jr}cntj k| lnf}ktj` qopb ljhptkc }to|nh|( Pbj lk}klopy ne pbj eouj ljhptkc }to|nh| ne Zppkt ]tk`j|b o||oahoeolkhpcy cnq ":#?10/ lnf}ktj` pn pbj lk}klopy ne := ò|ptolp }to|nh| "42#210/ oh pbj |pkpj( Kfnha pbj :=#;5<zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|# nhcy ;#1:0 ktj bnz|j` oh ljhptkc }to|nh| kh` k |oahoeolkhp hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|"01#12;/ ktj gj}p oh o|ptolp }to|nh|(;< Bjhlj# kpk qk| lnccjlpj` etnf o|ptolp }to|nh| kh` hnp ljhptkc }to|nh| ent pbo||pkpj( Oh Kh`btk ]tk`j|b# qj bk` kctjk`y lnh`zlpj` k }tjcofohkty |pz`y oh pbj yjkt 4==5&4==1 kh` bk` ndpkohj``kpk etnf kcc ljhptkc kh` ò|ptolp }to|nh|( Oh`jj`# oh fn|p ne pbj |pkpj|# qj ohlcz`j` |nfj k`òponhkc }to|nh| oh pbj|kf}cj# k||zfoha pbkp qj foabp hnp ndpkoh ohentfkponh etnf kcc pbj }to|nh| qj |jh` k}}colkponh| pn# |jjgoha ohentfkponhzh`jt pbj Toabp pn Ohentfkponh Klp# 4==: "tjejttj` pn k| TPO k}}colkponh| etnf bjtjnh/(

@kpk Lnccjlponh

Aoujh pbj jktpb ne nlzfjhpkponh nh pbj |zdijlp# pbo| tj|jktlb |pz`y o| fkohcy dk|j` nh }tofkty |nztlj|( ]to|nh| ktjlcn|j` oh|popzponh| kh` ndpkohoha ohentfkponh nh }to|nh |y|pjf| o| k pjònz| pk|g kh` nepjh nj| hnp yojc` pbj j|otj`tj|zcp|( Ohentfkponh |nzabp o| tjez|j` nh pbj }tjpjrp ne |jlztopy( K fzcpo&fn`kc k}}tnklb qk| k`n}pj` pn ndpkoh kpkkh` fkrofo|j pbj kllztkly ne pbo| tj|jktlb |pz`y( @kpk ent pbj |pz`y qk| }tnlztj` pbtnzab TPO k}}colkponh| khòhpjtuojq| qopb }to|nh neeoljt| kh` izòlokc neeoljt|( Oh k`òponh# `nlzfjhp| }tn`zlj` dy uktonz| |pkpj kajhloj| qjtjpbntnzabcy jrkfohj` pn ndpkoh ohentfkponh }jtpkohoha pn o|}n|kc ne lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|( Pbj|j ohlcz`j`tj}ntp| dy pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk7 tjlnffjh`kponh| dy \z}tjfj Lnztp lnhujhj` lnffoppjj|# pbj Hkponhkc@tkep ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf kh` Lnttjlponhkc K`foho|ptkponh7 |pkpo|pol| etnf pbj Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz"HLTD/ k| qjcc k| tjcjukhp lk|j ckq(

TPO k}}colkponh| qjtj |jhp pn kcc pbj |jcjlpj` }to|nh| jrlj}p ent }to|nh| oh Gkthkpkgk( ;0 Pbj|j k}}colkponh| "|jj Khhjrztj O/ |nzabp ohentfkponh kdnzp pbj hzfdjt ne ikoc k`kckp| bjc`7 pbj hzfdjt ne lk|j| tjejttj` dy }to|nh neeolokc|7kh` pbj hzfdjt ne lk|j| o|}n|j` nee(;: Kepjt |jhòha pbj eot|p tnzh` ne TPO k}}colkponh| oh pbj eot|p qjjg ne Izhj 4==2pn kcc pbj joabp |pkpj|# ohpjtuojq| qjtj lnh`zlpj` qopb \j||onh| kh` @o|ptolp Izàj|# Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj| "LIF/#Lboje Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj| "LFF/# Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj ne Eot|p Lck|| "IFEL/ kh` }to|nh neeoljt| etnf Kh`btk]tk`j|b# Fk`byk ]tk`j|b# kh` Zppkt ]tk`j|b( Pbj |jlnh` tnzh` ne ohpjtuojq| qk| lnh`zlpj` oh Fkbktk|bptk oh pbjpbot` qjjg ne Izcy kh` Kh`btk ]tk`j|b oh pbj |jlnh` qjjg ne Nlpndjt 4==2( Oh pbj|j ohpjtuojq|# qj o|lz||j` qopbpbjf pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp|# }cjk dktakohoha# pbj }tndcjf ne nujtltnqòha kh` pbj |y|pjf| oh }cklj pn k``tj||pbo| o||zj(

@ztoha nzt ohpjtuojq qopb izàj| kh` }to|nh neeoljt|# pbjy bk` jeohj` }jppy neejhlj oeejtjhpcy “ pbj tkhaj ne fkrofzf}jton` ne |jhpjhlj ent kh neejhlj pn dj lnh|o`jtj` k| k }jppy neejhlj oeejtj` etnf pbtjj fnhpb| pn |jujh yjkt|( Bjhlj#

qj ptoj` pn ndpkoh k`òponhkc kpk nh zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| lbktaj` ent neejhlj| }zho|bkdcj qopb k fkrofzf |jhpjhljne |jujh yjkt|( Oh Kzaz|p 4==2# etj|b TPO k}}colkponh| qjtj |jhp pn ajp ohentfkponh nh pbj hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc}to|nhjt| bjc` ent neejhlj| }zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp z} pn k fkrofzf ne |jujh yjkt| kh` pbj cjhapb ne pofj |}jhpdy jklb oh }to|nh( Bnqjujt# pbj kpk tjljouj` oh tj|}nh|j pn nzt TPO k}}colkponh| qk| ohlnh|o|pjhp & o|lktòha pbjnpbjt lbktaj| pbkp pbj|j zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qjtj of}to|nhj` ent & kh` lnzc` hnp dj z|j`(

Cofopkponh|

Pbj cklg ne copjtkpztj nh ikoc k`kckp| fjkhp pbkp pbj }tnlj|| ne tj|jktlboha qk| ujty lbkccjhaoha( K fkint cofopkponh ne pbj |pz`y o| pbkp qj qjtj zhkdcj pn nd|jtuj k ikoc k`kckp oh }tklpolj( @j|}opj tj{zj|p|# qj qjtj hnp kccnqj` kllj|| pnpbj|j k`kckp| ( Pbj |pz`y o|# pbjtjentj# dk|j` nh ljtpkoh k||zf}ponh|( Op qk| k||zfj` pbkp }to|nh kzpbntopoj| qjtjekfocokt qopb pbj }tnlj`ztj| |zttnzhòha ikoc k`kckp|kh` pbkp pbj ohentfkponh ndpkohj` qk| kllztkpj( Bnqjujt# qj

nd|jtuj` pbkp oh |nfj lk|j|# pbj }to|nh neeolokc| qjtj lnhez|j` kh` zhlcjkt nh qbkp goh`| ne lk|j| qjtj djoha jkcpqopb pbtnzab pbj fjlbkho|f ne ikoc k`kckp|( Pbj `kpk ndpkohj` etnf pbj }to|nh `j}ktpfjhp| qopb pbj ko` ne TPOk}}colkponh| o| k||zfj` pn dj tjcokdcj kh` kllztkpj(

\ptzlpztj ne pbj Tj}ntp

Pbj tj}ntp djaoh| qopb k pbjntjpolkc jr}cntkponh ne pbj ntoaoh ne kh` pbj hjj` ent ikoc k`kckp|( Lbk}pjt OO jrkfohj| bnqpbjy ezhlponh oh }tklpolj( Lbk}pjt OOO jrkfohj| pbj ktazfjhp| oh ekunzt kh` kakoh|p pbj bncòha ne ikoc k`kckp|( Pbj ck|plbk}pjt lnhlcz`j| pbkp pbj qky ikoc k`kckp| ktj qntgoha oh }tklpolj# pbjy uonckpj pbj ekot ptokc azktkhpjj| k| qjcc k|ezh`kfjhpkc toabp| ne pbj }to|nhjt|(



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ;?



4= CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

Lbk}pjt OLbk}pjt OLbk}pjt OLbk}pjt OLbk}pjt O

Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|`kckp| oh Pbjntyoh Pbjntyoh Pbjntyoh Pbjntyoh Pbjnty



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ 4;




‒k ujty cktaj hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc

}to|nhjt| |zeejt }tncnhaj`

ohlktljtkponh jujh oh }jppy ltofohkc

fkppjt| fjtjcy ent pbj tjk|nh pbkp

pbjy ktj hnp oh k }n|oponh# jujh oh

dkockdcj lk|j|# pn eztho|b dkoc dnh`|

kh` ajp tjcjk|j` nh dkoc‥‟



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ 4<

Pbo| lbk}pjt jr}cntj| pbj ntoaoh ne kh` pbj hjj` ent ikoc k`kckp|( Op ò|lz||j| pbj }tndcjf| pbkp cj` pn pbj z|j ne ikock`kckp| kh` ltopolkccy jrkfohj| qbjpbjt pbjtj ktj npbjt |nczponh| pbkp lnzc` bkuj djjh k`n}pj` oh|pjk`(

Ntoaoh

Ikoc k`kckp o| k entf ne |zffkty ò|}n|kc ne lk|j| kakoh|p }to|nhjt| qbn bkuj lnffoppj` tjckpoujcy fohnt neejhlj|kh` ktj qoccoha pn lnhej|| pbjot azocp( Pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| qk| ohopokpj` oh ;??? kp pbj tjlnffjh`kponh ne pbj

pbjh Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk# Iz|polj K(\(Khkh`( Pbj |pkpj` ndijlpouj ne pbj|j lnztp| qk| pn }tnuo`j |}jj`y iz|polj pn pbj}nnt zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|# kh` tj`zlj pbj ikoc }n}zckponh(;5 Pbj cjppjt ne pbj Lboje Iz|polj "|jj Khhjrztj K/ lkfj ohpbj qkgj ne k |jtoj| ne lk|j| lbkccjhaoha jckyj` ptokc| kh` nujtltnqòha oh }to|nh|( Bj |zaaj|pj` pbkp –jujty Lboje Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj nt pbj Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj ne pbj ktjk# oh qbolb k o|ptolp ikoc ekcc|# fky bnc` bo| Lnztpnhlj nt pqolj oh k fnhpb# j}jhòha z}nh pbj qntgcnk`# oh ikoc pn pkgj z} pbj lk|j| ne pbn|j zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qbnktj ohuncuj` oh }jppy neejhlj|;1 kh` ktj gjjh pn lnhej|| pbjot azocp‖(

Iz|polj Khkh` ò` hnp z|j pbj jr}tj||onh –ikoc k`kckp‖ oh bo| cjppjt( Pbo| jr}tj||onh qk| z|j` ckpjt dy npbjt|( Pbj]ktcokfjhpkty Lnffoppjj nh Jf}nqjtfjhp ne Qnfjh "4==;&4==4/# qbolb cnngj` ohpn pbj couoha lnhòponh| ne qnfjh }to|nhjt| oh pbj lnzhpty# nd|jtuj` pbkp |zopkdcj kh` k`j{zkpj |pj}| qjtj hnp djoha pkgjh dy pbj lnhljthj`kzpbntopoj| pn jr}jòponz|cy ò|}n|j lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc|( –Pbj Lnffoppjj |ptnhacy tjlnffjh`j` pbkp ikoc k`kckp||bnzc` dj bjc` etj{zjhpcy oh kcc pbj ikoc| |n k| pn jh|ztj jktcy ò|}n|kc ne pbj lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc|‖(;2 Kcfn|p kcc pbjlboje iz|polj|‟ khhzkc lnhejtjhlj bkuj jf}bk|o|j` pbj of}ntpkhlj ne ikoc k`kckp| pn k``tj|| pbj }jh`jhly ne lk|j|

djentj lnztp| kh` tjcojuj }to|nh| ne nujtltnqòha(

Ezhlponhoha nh Izòlokc Nt`jt|

Pbjtj o| hn |pkpzpnty dk|o| ent bncòha ikoc k`kckp|( Pbj Boab Lnztp| oh fkhy |pkpj| bkuj o||zj` lotlzckt|.jrjlzpoujnt`jt| otjlpoha pbj |zdntòhkpj izòlokty pn bnc` ikoc k`kckp| kp tjazckt ohpjtukc|( Kcckbkdk` Boab Lnztp# ent jrkf}cj#bk| otjlpj` Lboje Fjptn}ncopkh.Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj| pn bnc` lnztp nhlj nt pqolj k fnhpb oh ikoc & j}jhòhaz}nh pbj qntg cnk` “ kh` pkgj z} lk|j| ne pbn|j zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qbn qjtj ohuncuj` oh }jppy neejhlj|(;? \ofockt òtjlpouj| qjtj o||zj` dy pbj Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "|jj Khhjrztj D/(4= Pbo| oh|ptzlponh qk| tjopjtkpj` oh k|jlnh` lotlzckt 4; hnpoha ‒lnh|o`jtkdcj }tnatj||‥fk`j oh pbo| otjlponh‟ kh` otjlpoha pbj bncòha ne lnztp| oh ikoc|‒nh |zlb nllk|onh| qbjtjujt pbj hjlj||opy kto|j|‟# kh` pbkp oe k jpkohjj }cjk`| azocpy# bo| nt bjt |pky oh }to|nh ztohaptokc lkh dj |jp nee kakoh|p bo| nt bjt |jhpjhlj kh` tjcjk|j` "|jj Khhjrztj L/(

Pbj Boab Lnztp| bkuj pbj hjlj||kty }nqjt| zh`jt pbj Lnh|popzponh pn o||zj otjlponh| ent lnztp| pn dj bjc` oh ikoc|# qopbkcc kzpbntopy pn o|}n|j nee lk|j|# tjlnt` lnhuolponh| kh` |jhpjhlj( Pbj Lnh|popzponh "Ktpolcj 441/ jf}nqjt| pbj BoabLnztp| pn –bkuj |z}jtohpjh`jhlj nujt kcc lnztp| kh` ptodzhkc|‖ zh`jt op| izto|òlponh# ohlczòha pbj }nqjt pn ‒fkgjkh` o||zj ajhjtkc tzcj| kh` }tj|ltodj entf| ent tjazckpoha pbj }tklpolj kh` }tnljjòha| ne |zlb lnztp|‥‟( Hjujtpbjcj||#tzcj| ne ekot ptokc tj{zotj pbkp kcc ptokc| dj }zdcol |kuj oh jrlj}ponhkc lk|j|(44 \jlponh <41 ne Ln`j ne Ltofohkc]tnlj`ztj "Lt(](L(/ fkh`kpj| pbkp pbj –}cklj oh qbolb khy Ltofohkc Lnztp o| bjc` ent pbj }zt}n|j ne oh{zotoha ohpn nt ptyoha khy neejhlj |bkcc dj jjfj` pn dj kh n}jh Lnztp pn qbolb pbj }zdcol ajhjtkccy fky bkuj kllj||‖( Aoujh pbo|#pbjtj ktj ukco` lnhljth| kdnzp bncòha lnztp| oh }to|nh| pn qbolb pbj ajhjtkc }zdcol `n hnp bkuj khy kllj||(

@oeejtjhp pbkh Cng K`kckp

Pbj pjtf| cng k`kckp kh` ikoc k`kckp ktj nepjh z|j` ohpjtlbkhajkdcy# jujh kfnha|p tjckpoujcy |jhont neeolokc| oh pbj

}to|nh k`foho|ptkponh kh` fjfdjt| ne pbj izòlokty( Pbo| fo|tj}tj|jhp| pbj oeejtoha hkpztj ne cng kh` ikoc k`kckp|(

Cng k`kckp o| k izòlokc oh|popzponh j|pkdco|bj` |pkpzpntocy pn |jppcj copoakponh dy hjanpokponh# ktdoptkponh nt lnhlocokponh( Opo| j||jhpokccy k ò|}zpj tj|nczponh fjlbkho|f# }tnuo`j` ent dy \jlponh 44"D/ ne pbj Cjakc \jtuolj| Kzpbntopoj| Klp#;?21( ]ktpoj| pn k o|}zpj hjanpokpj k |jppcjfjhp pbkp dnpb katjj nh# pbo| o| pbjh |pkf}j` dy pbj nujt|jjoha izòlokcneeoljt( Pbkp katjjfjhp pbjh djlnfj| dohòha nh dnpb }ktpoj| kh` o| hnp n}jh pn k}}jkc( Op o| `j|oahj` k| kcpjthkpoujò|}zpj tj|nczponh fjlbkho|f pn tjcojuj pbj nujtdzt`jhj` lnztp |y|pjf# |ofockt pn ktdoptkponh( Pbj }ktpoj| n hnp bkujpn an pbtnzab pbj }tncnhaj` jrptjfjcy pjlbholkc lnztp }tnlj`ztj|# enccnqj` oh k tjazckt lnztp qbolb nepjh o| pbj lkz|jne ohntòhkpj jcky oh pbj o|}n|kc ne lk|j|( Pbo| }tnlj|| o| kc|n jlnhnfolkccy lbjk}jt( Djlkz|j ne pbj hkpztj ne pbj|jktdoptkponh entzf|# pbjy nhcy lnh|o`jt lnf}nzh`kdcj4< ltofohkc lk|j| kh` z|zkccy jkc qopb louoc lk|j| qbolb `n hnpof}n|j k ikoc pjtf(




Ikoc k`kckp| ktj ezh`kfjhpkccy oeejtjhp kh` cofopj`# lnh|popzpj` ent pbj o|}n|kc ne }jhòha lk|j| kakoh|p zh`jt&ptokc}to|nhjt| bjc` ent }jppy neejhlj| qbn ktj tjk`y pn }cjk` azocpy( Oh }tklpolj# pbj|j k`kckp| ohuncuj| pbj \pkpj kh` pbjlnf}ckohkhp dzp hnp pbj ohiztj` }ktpy pn pbj o|}zpj( Ikoc k`kckp| ktj }tn}jtcy lnh|popzpj` ltofohkc lnztp| "pbnzab bjcòh k ikoc kh` nd|jtuoha |zffkty }tnlj`ztj & z|zkccy lnf}to|oha nhcy k fkao|ptkpj kh` pbj kllz|j`/ qopb ezcc }nqjt|pn tjlnt` lnhuolponh| kh` |jhpjhlj( Pbj Zppkt ]tk`j|b \pkpj Cjakc \jtuolj| Kzpbntopy "\C\K/ bk|# oh eklp# o||zj` klotlzckt# "|jj djcnq/# pn o|ptolp izàj| jf}bk|o|oha pbj òeejtjhlj djpqjjh pbj pqn k`kckp|(

E o a z t j 9 L o t l z c k t o | | z j `

d y Z p p k t ] t k ` j | b \ p k p j C j a k c \ j t u o l j | K z p b n t o p y " \ C \ K / e n t ` o | p t o l p i z ` a j |



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ 4:

Qby Ikoc K`kckp |>

Ikoc k`kckp| ktj lcjktcy k tj|}nh|j pn pbj }tndcjf ne jrlj||ouj zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh kh` nujtltnqòha oh }to|nh|(Pbjy ktj ljtpkohcy hnp pbj nhcy }n||odcj tj|}nh|j pn pbj }tndcjf(

]tndcjf| ktj Ghnqh

Ohòkh }to|nh| ktj hnpntonz|cy nujtltnq`j`( HLTD kp pbj jh` ne 4==5# tj}ntpj` kh nllz}khly tkpj ne ;0;(0 }jt ljhpoh }to|nh| kltn|| pbj lnzhpty( @jcbo bk| pbj boabj|p nllz}khly tkpj ne 4;0(0 }jt ljhp( Pbj pnpkc }to|nh }n}zckponh ohOhòk o| <#1<#41; kakoh|p kh kzpbnto|j` lk}klopy ne 4#5<#?;;(40 Fzlb ne pbj nujtltnqòha o| zj pn pbj boab hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| bjc` kqkopoha ptokc pbkp fkgj z} ktnzh` pqn&pbot`| ne pbj }to|nh }n}zckponh(

4#0:#400 ne pbj <#1<#41; }to|nhjt| "5:(1 }jt ljhp/ bjc` kp pbj jh` ne 4==5 qjtj }to|nhjt| kqkopoha ptokc(4: Ohpjtj|pohacy#pbo| eoaztj o| hnp kh kllztkpj tj}tj|jhpkponh kh` o| oh tjkcopy fzlb boabjt( Pkfoc Hk`z o| pbj nhcy |pkpj pbkp nj| hnplnzhp op| tjfkh` }to|nhjt|45 k| zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|( Oe pbj |pkpj bk` ohlcz`j` pbj 0:(; }jt ljhp tjfkh` }to|nhjt| opbnc`| k| zh`jt&ptokc| "k| o| nhj dy npbjt |pkpj|/# pbj zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| }n}zckponh oh pbj |pkpj qnzc` dj k| boab k|5=(5 }jt ljhp oh|pjk` ne ;:(: }jt ljhp(41 Pbo| |pkpo|polkc hnh&zhoentfopy |gjq| pbj hkponhkc |pkpo|pol| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|(

Pbj ò|}tn}ntponhkpjcy boab zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh kltn|| Ohòkh }to|nh |y|pjf o| cktajcy `zj pn zh`jt&zpoco|j` dkoc}tnuo|onh| kh` oh`jpjtfohkpj jcky oh pbj o|}n|kc ne lk|j|(

K( Zh`jt&zpoco|j` Dkoc ]tnuo|onh|

Oh \pkpj ne Tkik|pbkh u|( Dkclbkh`# pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp bjc` pbkp pbj –dk|ol tzcj fky }jtbk}| dj pjt|jcy }zp k| dkoc#hnp ikoc# jrlj}p qbjtj pbjtj ktj lotlzf|pkhlj| |zaaj|pouj ne ecjjoha etnf iz|polj nt pbqktpoha pbj lnzt|j ne iz|polj nt ltjkpoha npbjt ptnzdcj| oh pbj |bk}j ne tj}jkpoha neejhlj| nt ohpofo`kpoha qophj||j| kh` pbj cogj# dy pbj }jpoponhjt‖(42

@j|}opj pbo| dk|ol tzcj# Ohòkh }to|nh| |jj k uk|p }n}zckponh ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|# fkhy kllz|j` ne tjckpoujcy fohnt#}jppy neejhlj|( Of}colkpj` oh fohnt# lnf}nzh`kdcj4? kh` dkockdcj neejhlj|# op o| hnp zhlnffnh ent pbjf pn tjfkoh oh}to|nh jujh djynh` pbj }jton` pbkp pbjy qnzc` bkuj djjh tjk|nhkdcy |jhpjhlj` pn# z}nh lnhuolponh(Pbo| o| djlkz|jpbjy lkhhnp keent` pbj |ztjpy# nt bkuj hn ckqyjt pn pkgj entqkt` pbj dkoc tj{zj|p( Hnpkdcy# }to|nhjt| oh Ohòk ktj

nujtqbjcfohacy etnf pbj cnqjt |nlon&jlnhnfol dklgatnzh`( Izòlokc dklgcna kh` `jcky| |jj pbjf |pky oh ikoc ent yjkt|# kqkopoha ptokc(

Pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp bk| ltopolo|j` pbj ‒}tn}jtpy ntojhpkpj` k}}tnklb‟# qbolb }tontopo|j| |ztjpy }tnuo|onh kh` o|ltofohkpj|kakoh|p pbj }nnt( Op bjc` pbkp pbj ‒Lnztp| fz|p kdkh`nh pbj khpo{zkpj` lnhlj}p zh`jt qbolb }tj&ptokc tjcjk|j o|nt`jtj` nhcy kakoh|p dkoc qopb |ztjpoj|‟(<= Oh|pjk` pbj Lnztp ztaj` pbkp oe ‒pbj kllz|j` bk| bo| poj| oh pbj lnffzhopykh` pbjtj o| hn |zd|pkhpokc to|g ne hnh k}}jktkhlj# pbj kllz|j` fky# k| ekt k| }n||odcj# dj tjcjk|j` nh bo| }jt|nhkcdnh`‟( Pbj Lnztp jf}bk|o|j` pbkp zhiz|p nt bkt|b lnhòponh| of}n|j` qbocj atkhpoha dkoc & pbj `j eklpn jhokc ne dkoc& uonckpj Ktpolcj 4; ne pbj Lnh|popzponh(<; Bnqjujt# dkoc }tklpolj| lnhpohzj pn |jj kh nujtjf}bk|o| nh fnhjpkty |ztjpyk| pbj lnhòponh ent }tj&ptokc tjcjk|j( Oh pbj cjppjt `kpj` 4? Hnujfdjt ;???# pbj pbjh Lboje Iz|polj Khkh`kllj}pj` pbkp9

‒k ujty cktaj hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| |zeejt }tncnhaj` ohlktljtkponh jujh oh }jppy ltofohkc fkppjt|

fjtjcy ent pbj tjk|nh pbkp pbjy ktj hnp oh k }n|oponh# jujh oh dkockdcj lk|j|# pn eztho|b dkoc dnh`| kh` ajptjcjk|j` nh dkoc‥‟

Pbj of}ntpkhlj ne dkoc kh` op| zh`jt z|j ktj lnh|o|pjhpcy jf}bk|o|j`( Pbj HBTL bk| tjlnt`j` op| n}ohonh pbkp pbj‒WtVjcjk|j ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| Wnh dkocV qocc cj||jh pbj lnhaj|ponh oh ikoc kh` bjc} fntj jeeolojhp }to|nh fkhkajfjhp‟(<4

Pbjtj o| k fktgj` oeejtjhlj djpqjjh pbj }ncoly kh` pbj }tklpolj(

Ohentfkponh tjljhpcy lnccjlpj` oh tj|}nh|j pn kh TPO k}}colkponh eocj` nh djbkce ne pbj Hkponhkc Khpo&Lnttz}ponh kh`Ltofj ]tjujhpouj Lnzhloc |zaaj|pj` pbkp 14 }jt ljhp ne }to|nhjt| oh Fzfdko‟| Ktpbzt Tnk` }to|nh qjtj kqkopoha ptokcent dkockdcj neejhlj|(<< Ktpbzt Tnk` & k }to|nh dzocp ent 2== & o| tzhhoha kp pbtjj pofj| op| lk}klopy djlkz|j pbn|jkllz|j` ne dkockdcj# |nfjpofj| tjckpoujcy fohnt neejhlj|# ktj hnp djoha atkhpj` dkoc(<0 Pbo| |opzkponh o| tjecjlpouj ne pbj




qo`jt }olpztj kltn|| pbj lnzhpty kh` `nj| hnp |op qjcc qopb pbj tjejtjhlj# oh pbj tjljhp anujthfjhp @tkep Hkponhkc ]ncolynh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc K`foho|ptkponh# pn pbj ‒ codjtkc kppopz`j ne nzt lnztp| pn atkhp dkoc‟(<: Lcjktcy# pbjCkq Lnffo||onh‟| tjlnffjh`kponh|<5 tjaktòha pbj codjtkco|kponh ne lnhòponh| ne }tj&ptokc tjcjk|j bkuj hnp yjpenzh` jr}tj||onh oh pbj }tklpolj ne pbj |zdntòhkpj lnztp|(

Op o| hnp iz|p pbj izòlokty# HBTL# Ckq Lnffo||onh kh` pbj Hkponhkc @tkep ]ncoly pbkp tjlnaho|j pbj }tndcjf ne boab}jtljhpkaj ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| fkgoha z} pbj }to|nh }n}zckponh oh Ohòkh }to|nh|( Pbj ]ktcokfjhp kc|n tjlnaho|j|pbo|# kh` bk| kfjh`j` pbj jro|poha dkoc }tnuo|onh| qopb k uojq pn tj`zlj pbj hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc oh }to|nh|(

Lbk}pjt RRROOO ne pbj Lt(](L( jkc| jrpjh|oujcy qopb pbj toabp pn dkoc kh` pbj }tnlj`ztj ent atkhpoha dkoc pn ohfkpj|(\jlponh 0<5 jkc| qopb pbj atkhp ne dkoc k| k toabp oh dkockdcj neejhlj|( Pbj 4==: kfjh`fjhp |nzabp pn eklocopkpj pbjtjcjk|j ne pbj }nnt qbn ktj zhkdcj pn keent` dkoc kfnzhp(<1 Pbj }tnuo|onh lcktoeoj| pbkp qbjtj k }jt|nh o| zhkdcj pnaouj dkoc qopboh k qjjg ne pbj kpj ne bo| kttj|p# pbj lnztp nt pbj neeoljt |bkcc }tj|zfj pbj }jt|nh pn dj ohòajhp kh`tjcjk|j bof nh }jt|nhkc dnh`( Pbj cjao|ckpouj tjentf kc|n |kq pbj ohptn`zlponh ne |jlponh 0<5K “ }tj|ltodoha pbjfkrofzf }jton` ent qbolb kh zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt lkh dj jpkohj`(

Pbj oh|jtponh ne |jlponh 0<5K o| k fkgj|boep tjfjòkc fjk|ztj pn jkc qopb pbj ekzcpy ltofohkc iz|polj |y|pjf “ dnaaj``nqh dy cjhapby ptokc| “ kh` kof| pn }tnuo`j tjcoje pn zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|( \jlponh 0<5K tj{zotj| pbj lnztp| pn tjcjk|jnh dkoc# kcc zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qbn bkuj zh`jtanhj bkce pbj }jton` ne pbj fkrofzf }zho|bfjhp }tj|ltodj` ent pbjneejhlj qopb qbolb pbjy bkuj djjh lbktaj`( Pbj nhcy jrlj}ponh pn |jlponh 0<5K o| pbkp op o| hnp k}}colkdcj pn neejh`jt|qbn bkuj djjh |jhpjhlj` pn `jkpb( Pbj Lnztp fky tjez|j pn tjcjk|j pbj k}}colkhp ent tjk|nh| pn dj tjlnt`j` ohqtopoha( Bnqjujt# hn }to|nhjt lkh dj jpkohj` ent k }jton` cnhajt pbkh pbj fkrofzf }tj|ltodj` }jton` ne of}to|nhfjhp(

Hnpkdcy# jujh djentj pbj cjao|ckpouj ohpjtujhponh oh 4==:# pbj }tnuo|onh| ne pbj Lt(](L( qjtj |zeeolojhp pn tjcjk|j fkintopyne pbj }jn}cj nh dkoc# j|}jlokccy qbjh tjk` oh pbj coabp ne pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp izàfjhp|( Pbj Lt(](L( op|jce fkh`kpj| pbkppbj kfnzhp ne jujty dnh` –|bkcc dj eorj` qopb zj tjakt` pn pbj lotlzf|pkhlj| ne pbj lk|j kh` |bkcc hnp dj jrlj||ouj‖(<2

Op jf}nqjt| pbj |j||onh| lnztp kh` pbj Boab Lnztp pn tj`zlj pbj dkoc qbjtj op o| jjfj` pn dj boab(<? Oh pbj lk|j ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| kllz|j ne k hnh&dkockdcj neejhlj# qbolb o| ptokdcj dy k fkao|ptkpj# oe pbj ptokc o| hnp lnhlcz`j`qopboh 5= ky| kepjt pbj eot|p kpj ent pbj tjlntòha ne juo`jhlj# pbj }to|nhjt bk| pbj toabp pn dj tjcjk|j` nh dkoc(

0=Oh

lk|j|# qbjtj lbktaj&|bjjp o| hnp eocj` dy pbj }ncolj qopboh pbj }tj|ltodj` pofj }jton`# pbj }jt|nh o| jhpopcj` pn dj tjcjk|j`nh dkoc(0; Bnqjujt j|}opj k`j{zkpj }tnuo|onh# dnpb oh pbj Lt(](L( kh` oh pbj izàfjhp| ne pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp# dkoc o||pocc zh`jt&z|j` djlkz|j ne kh nujtktlboha }tjizòlj pbkp |jj| lnztp| zhqoccoha pn atkhp dkoc qopbnzp |ztjpy(

D( @jcky oh @o|}n|kc ne Lk|j|

Pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp oh Bz||kohktk Gbkpnnh kh` Npbjt| ";/ u|( Bnfj \jltjpkty# \pkpj ne Dobkt 04 lk|j enzh` pbkp–pbnzab |}jj`y ptokc o| hnp |}jloeolkccy jhzfjtkpj` k| k ezh`kfjhpkc toabp# op o| of}colop oh pbj dtnk` |qjj} kh`lnhpjhp ne Ktpolcj 4;‖( –Hn }tnlj`ztj qbolb nj| hnp jh|ztj k tjk|nhkdcy {zolg ptokc lkh dj tjakt`j` k| ‒tjk|nhkdcj#ekot nt iz|p‟ kh` op qnzc` ekcc enzc ne Ktpolcj 4;( Pbjtj lkh# pbjtjentj# dj hn nzdp pbkp |}jj`y ptokc# kh` dy |}jj`y ptokcqj fjkh tjk|nhkdcy jr}jòponz| ptokc# o| kh ohpjatkc kh` j||jhpokc }ktp ne pbj ezh`kfjhpkc toabp pn coej kh` codjtpyjh|btohj` oh Ktpolcj 4;$(0<

Pbj |pkpj }to|nh fkhzkc| k| qjcc k| pbj fn`jc }to|nh fkhzkc tj{zotj| pbj |z}jtohpjh`jhp| pn n }jtonòl tjuojq ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| kh` pbjot cjhapb ne |pky oh pbj }to|nh( Entphoabp tj}ntp| ktj pn dj |jhp pn ò|ptolp kh` |j||onh|izàj|( @j|}opj ajppoha tjazckt tj}ntp| nh pbj |pkpz| ne pbj }to|nhjt|# pbj izòlokty pkgj| k cnha pofj pn pty pbj lk|j|(Nh fkhy nllk|onh|# pbj ptokc `nj| hnp lnffjhlj ent k| cnha k }jton` k| pbtjj pn enzt yjkt| kepjt pbj kllz|j` o|

tjfkh`j` pn }to|nh(00 Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk bk| nd|jtuj` pbkp ‒oh |jujtkc lk|j| pbj pofj |}jhp dy pbj kllz|jòh ikoc| djentj pbj lnffjhljfjhp ne ptokc jrljj`| pbj fkrofzf }zho|bfjhp qbolb lkh dj kqkt`j` pn pbjf jujh oe pbjy ktj enzh` azocpy ne neejhlj| lbktaj` kakoh|p pbjf‟(0: Pbj |pkpz| ne o|}n|kc ne uktonz| lkpjantoj| ne Ohòkh ]jhkcLn`j "O]L/ lk|j| dy lnztp| kh` pbj lnhuolponh tkpj bkuj dnpb djjh nh k `jlcohj etnf k <=(< kh` 50(2 }jt ljhp oh;?5; pn k fjtj ;<(1 kh` 04(< }jt ljhp tj|}jlpoujcy oh 4==1(05 20(4 }jt ljhp O]L lk|j| tjfkohj` }jhòha ent ptokc kppbj jh` ne pbj yjkt oh uktonz| ltofohkc lnztp|( Pbo| |oahoeoj| pbj jhntfopy ne }jh`jhly oh ptokc ne ltofohkc lk|j|( Oh4==1# nzp ne pbj pnpkc ;=#4:#52? lnf}cjpj` ptokc|7 <;#=05 ptokc| "< }jt ljhp/ qjtj lnf}cjpj` kepjt ;= yjkt| ne ptokc7;;(0 }jt ljhp djpqjjh : pn ;= yjkt|7 4;(2 }jt ljhp djpqjjh < pn : yjkt|7 <4(5 }jt ljhp djpqjjh ; pn < yjkt|7 ;2(4 }jt ljhp djpqjjh 5 fnhpb| pn k yjkt7 kh` ;< }jt ljhp qopboh 5 fnhpb|( Op fky dj |jjh pbkp fkrofzf o|}n|kc ne lk|j| dyuktonz| lnztp| "<4(5 }jt ljhp/ pnng }cklj djpqjjh ; pn < yjkt| enccnqj` dy < pn : yjkt| "4;(2 }jt ljhp/(01 Pbj dklgcnane lk|j| o| to|oha jr}nhjhpokccy(




TTTTTjk|nh| ent @jcky oh P jk|nh| ent @jcky oh P jk|nh| ent @jcky oh P jk|nh| ent @jcky oh P jk|nh| ent @jcky oh P tokctokctokctokctokcPbj jcky oh o|}n|kc ne lk|j| fky dj kpptodzpj` pn pbtjj }tofkty lkz|j|9;( Cktaj hzfdjt ne uklkhloj| ent pbj }n|oponh ne iz olokc neeoljt|74( Ohkdocopy.ekocztj ne pbj }ncolj pn lnf}cjpj ohuj|poakponh nh k pofjcy dk|o|7 kh`<( Cklg ne }ncolj j|lntp pn }tn`zlj pbj kllz|j` oh lnztp(

Nhj ne pbj tjk|nh| kpptodzpj` pn pbj bzaj ohltjk|j oh pbj hzfdjt ne }jhòha lk|j| oh Boab Lnztp| o| pbj uklkhpizàj|‟ }n|oponh|( Oh 4==;# ne pbj ;4#4=: }n|p| ne izàj| kh` fkao|ptkpj| "oh pbj ò|ptolp kh` |zdntòhkpj lnztp|/#

;#:== qjtj uklkhp(02 Pn |ptjhapbjh pbj |zdntòhkpj izòlokty# pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk tjlnffjh`j` kunoòhacnha `jcky| oh eoccoha z} uklkhloj| ne izòlokc neeoljt| kh` }tnf}pcy lnh|o`jtoha jujty tjlnffjh`kponh ne pbj BoabLnztp pn ohltjk|j izòlokc |ptjhapb(0? Pbj |opzkponh bk| hnp lbkhaj` nujt pbj yjkt|( Oh eklp# pbj Boab Lnztp| kc|n |zeejt etnf pbj |kfj }tndcjf( Oh Ikhzkty 4==?# ne pbj pnpkc 225 |khlponhj` |ptjhapb ne Boab Lnztp izàj|# 412 "<; }jt ljhp/}n|oponh| tjfkohj` uklkhp(:=

Pbj kllz|j` bkuj pn qkop ent cnha }jton`| jujh djentj pbjot ptokc lnffjhlj|( Pbo| o| djlkz|j pbj }ncolj ekoc pn eocjlbktaj&|bjjp oh pofj( Pbj lbktaj&|bjjp o| hnpboha dzp k eohkc tj}ntp ne pbj }ncolj neeoljt zh`jt \jlponh ;1<"4/ ne pbjLt(](L( Oe pbj lbktaj&|bjjp o| hnp eocj`# pbj fkao|ptkpj lkhhnp pkgj lnahokhlj ne pbj lk|j( Oh k tj}ntp khkcy|oha pjhlk|j |pzòj| ne izòlokc jcky| oh @jcbo:;# op qk| nepjh nd|jtuj` pbkp jujh pbnzab pbj ohuj|poakponh qk| nujt# pbj }ncoljpnng k |oahoeolkhp kfnzhp ne pofj iz|p pn eocj pbj lbktaj&|bjjp( Oh \pkpj u|( \bkbhkqki % Khnpbjt # ent jrkf}cj# qbocj pbjneejhlj qk| kccjaj`cy lnffoppj` nh : Hnujfdjt ;??27 pbj }ncolj eocj` k lbktaj&|bjjp nh 44 K}toc 4===# o(j( ktnzh`nhj&kh`&k&bkce yjkt| kepjt pbj `kpj ne ohlo`jhp(:4 K }jtz|kc ne pbj lbktaj&|bjjp eztpbjt tjujkcj` pbkp op bk` djjheohkco|j` nh 42 Fktlb ;??? dzp qk| }tj|jhpj` pn pbj lnztp nh 44 K}toc 4===(

Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh tjlnffjh`j` pbkp oh nt`jt pn jh|ztj }tnf}p kh` jeeolojhp ohuj|poakponh ne ltofj# pbjtj |bnzc` djk jòlkpj` ohuj|poakpoha kajhly juno` ne npbjt zpoj| kh` oh`j}jh`jhp ne jrjlzpouj ohpjtejtjhlj(:< \ofockt |zaaj|ponh|bkuj djjh fk`j dy pbj |jlnh` K`foho|ptkpouj Tjentf| Lnffo||onh(:0 Pbo| qnzc` k||o|p oh {zolg o|}n|kc ne lk|j| kh`}tjujhp fo|lkttokaj ne iz|polj( Pbj |zaaj|ponh qk| fk`j oh uojq ne pbj eklp pbkp pbj }ncolj oh Ohòk ktj nujtdzt`jhj` qopb`zpoj| tjckpoha pn fkohpjhkhlj ne ckq kh` nt`jt( Pbj Hkponhkc ]ncolj Lnffo||onh:: kh` pbj ]ncolj Klp @tkepoha Lnffoppjj:5

bkuj dnpb |zaaj|pj` pbkp pbj ckq kh` nt`jt qoha ne pbj }ncolj dj |j}ktkpj` etnf pbj ohuj|poakpouj nhj(

K fkint lkz|j ne `jckyj` ltofohkc ptokc| o| pbj zhkukockdocopy ne }ncolj neeoljt| pn j|lntp }to|nhjt| etnf pbj ikoc| kh`}tn`zlj pbjf djentj pbj izòlokty( Oh Gkthkpkgk# ne pbj 0#51< ohfkpj| tj{zotj` pn dj }tn`zlj` djentj pbj lnztp ohHnujfdjt 4==1# nhcy ;#::0 qjtj klpzkccy }tn`zlj`(:1 Oh Izhj 4==2# uktonz| lnztp| oh pbj |pkpj jrpjh`j` pbj tjfkh`

ne <<= kllz|j` pbnzab pbjy qjtj hnp }tn`zlj` djentj pbjf( Pbj }tnlj`ztj ne }tn`zlponh o| ohpjh`j` pn eklocopkpjizòlokc nujt|oabp kh` jh|ztj pbj |kej lz|pn`y ne pbj }to|nhjt|( Bnqjujt oh Gkthkpkgk# nh kh kujtkaj# pbjtj ktj kdnzp0:= ohfkpj| kp pbj Dkhakcntj Ljhptkc ]to|nh kcnhj qbn hjj` pn dj }tn`zlj` djentj pbj lnztp jujty ky( Ne pbjf nhcy5= ktj j|lntpj` pn pbj lnztp# qbocj kdnzp 4== ohfkpj| ktj bjkt` pbtnzab uo`jnlnhejtjhloha(:2 Pbj tjfkohoha ;?= ktjhnp }tn`zlj`( Op o| kc|n `jdkpkdcj oe pbn|j }tn`zlj` pbtnzab uo`jnlnhejtjhloha bkuj pbjot lk|j kh` ohuj|poakponh}tn}jtcy tjuojqj` dy pbj izàj( Bnqjujt# pbo| o| djynh` pbj tjkcf| ne pbo| |pz`y(

J|lntp }tndcjf| }jt|o|p jujh kp pbj |pkaj ne ptokc & kepjt pbj ohuj|poakponh kh` pbj eocoha ne pbj lbktaj&|bjjp & kh` pbjkllz|j` ktj hnp }tn`zlj` ent ptokc tjazcktcy# tj|zcpoha oh eztpbjt `jcky|( Pbj hjp tj|zcp ne kllz|j` tjazcktcy fo||ohalnztp bjktoha| zj pn j|lntp }tndcjf| o| pbj ohltjk|oha hzfdjt ne kllz|j` |bzp djboh` dkt| ent fnhpb| kh` yjkt|(Hnpkdcy# pbj lnztp| |jjf zhqoccoha pn jrjtlo|j pbjot }nqjt| ne nujt|oabp ne }ncolj kh` tj}tofkh` pbjf ent fkgohazhhjlj||kty kttj|p|7 nt ekocoha pn eocj pbj lbktaj&|bjjp nh pofj nt }tn`zloha pbj kllz|j` nh pbj kpj |}jloeoj` “ kcc ne qbolb# jujhpzkccy ohltjk|j pbj dklgcna ne lk|j| kh` }zp kh k`òponhkc dzt`jh nh pbj kctjk`y nujtltnq`j` }to|nh|(

\nczponh| ktj Ghnqh

Pbj izòlokty kh` pbj cjao|ckpztj bkuj dnpb o`jhpoeoj` nujt tj}tj|jhpkponh ne zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh oh Ohòkh }to|nh|k| k fkint }tndcjf( Qbocj pbj izòlokty bk| kppjf}pj` pn codjtkco|j pbj dkoc }tnuo|onh|# pbj anujthfjhp bk| fk`jhjlj||kty kfjh`fjhp| pn pbj jro|poha ckq( Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh kh` Hkponhkc Bzfkh Toabp| Lnffo||onh "HBTL/bkuj kc|n |zaaj|pj` qky| pn k``tj|| pbo| o||zj( Jujh pbj jro|poha }to|nh fkhzkc| lnhpkoh }tnuo|onh| ent k`j{zkpjizòlokc nujt|oabp pn lbjlg zhhjlj||kty jpjhponh ne }to|nhjt| ent k }tncnhaj` }jton`(

Pbj jro|poha }to|nh fkhzkc| kzpbnto|j o|ptolp fkao|ptkpj| pn uo|op pbj ikoc| nhlj jujty entphoabp kh` k|ljtpkoh qbjpbjt khy }to|nhjt o| kqkopoha ptokc(:? @oeejtjhp |pkpj }to|nh fkhzkc| ndcoaj pbj }to|nh neeolokc| pn |jh` }jtonòl tj}ntp| pn pbj




izòlokty nh pbj |pkpz| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|(5= Pkfoc Hk`z Ikoc Fkhzkc tj{zotj| pbj |z}jtohpjh`jhp pn lnh`zlp k}jtonòlkc tjuojq ";=pb ne jujty fnhpb/ ne kcc lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| nh pbj }jton` ne jpjhponh# kh` |jh` tj}ntp|pn pbj o|ptolp fkao|ptkpj nt |j||onh| izàj(5; Pbj @jcbo Ikoc Fkhzkc otjlp| kcc }to|nh uo|opnt| & pn k|ljtpkoh qbjpbjt khy}to|nhjt o| occjakccy jpkohj`# nt o| jpkohj` ent kh zh`zj cjhapb ne pofj kqkopoha ptokc & `ztoha jujty uo|op(54 Pbj Fn`jc]to|nh Fkhzkc5< òtjlp| pbj |z}jtohpjh`jhp pn |jh` k |pkpjfjhp & ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qbn|j lk|j| bkuj djjh}jhòha ent fntj pbkh pbtjj fnhpb| “ pn pbj |j||onh| izàj nt o|ptolp fkao|ptkpj nh pbj eoepb ne jklb fnhpb(50

Fjk|ztj| ]tn}n|j` pn Jr}jòpj Ptokc|

Khy `jcky oh pbj ò|}n|kc ne ltofohkc lk|j| o| fzlb fntj |jujtj ent pbn|j bjc` oh }to|nh kqkopoha ptokc( Qopb boabzh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh oh }to|nh|# kh` pbj |zdntòhkpj izòlokty |jjfohacy zhqoccoha pn codjtkco|j dkoc }tklpolj|#jr}jòpoha pbj o|}n|kc ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|‟ lk|j| bk| djlnfj k }tontopy(

Oh bo| ohkzaztkc k``tj|| kp pbj 4==5 Lboje Iz|polj|‟ lnhejtjhlj# pbj Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk tjejttj` pn pbj cjppjt| bj bk` |jhppn pbj Lboje Iz|polj ne jklb Boab Lnztp jr}tj||oha ‒`jj} lnhljth kdnzp pbj jcky oh o|}n|kc ne lk|j|‟( Bj tjlnffjh`j`|jppoha z} |}jlokc Boab Lnztp djhlbj| pn jkc jrlcz|oujcy qopb pbj tjazckt bjktoha ne nc` ltofohkc k}}jkc|.}jpoponh|( Npbjt |zaaj|ponh| ohlcz`j` zpoco|kponh ne Ktpolcj 440&K ne pbj Lnh|popzponh ent jhakaoha pbj |jtuolj| ne tjpotj` izàj| kh` pbjk}}nohpfjhp ne |}jlokc fkao|ptkpj| oh k`j{zkpj hzfdjt| pn jkc qopb }jppy neejhlj| pbkp lcna pbj |y|pjf(5:

Oh 4==5# pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp lnh|popzpj` kh –Kttjkt| Lnffoppjj‖ pn cnng ohpn pbj }jh`jhly ne lk|j| djentj pbj lnztp|

kh` o`jhpoey lk|j| pn dj ptkh|ejttj` etnf tjazckt Fkao|pjtokc Lnztp| pn Lnztp| ne \}jlokc Fjptn}ncopkh.Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj|(Pbj Lnffoppjj qk| kc|n fkh`kpj` pn o`jhpoey pbj }jhòha lk|j| djentj Boab Lnztp| hjjòha pn dj bjkt` kh`ò|}n|j` nh k }tontopy dk|o|7 o`jhpoey pbj lk|j| }jhòha oh |zdntòhkpj lnztp| pn dj k||oahj` pn pbj lnztp| jktfktgjènt |zlb lk|j|7 kh` pn o`jhpoey pbj }jhòha lk|j| oh Boab Lnztp| qbolb lnzc` dj `jkcp qopb dy k` bnl izàj|k}}nohpj` zh`jt Ktpolcj 440&K ne pbj Lnh|popzponh(55 Oh op| ohpjtof tj}ntp ne 5 Fktlb 4==5# pbj Lnffoppjj tjlnffjh`j}tontopo|kponh ne ljtpkoh lk|j|7 pbj |jppoha z} ne jrlcz|ouj lnztp| ent ljtpkoh lkpjantoj| ne neejhlj| ohlczòha }jppyneejhlj|7 kh` fntj etj{zjhp z|j ne cng k`kckp| kh` ikoc k`kckp|(51

Pn jkc qopb pbj }tndcjf ne jcky oh ptokc|# pbj @tkep Hkponhkc ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc K`foho|ptkponhtjlnffjh`| pbkp k }tnuo|onh ent |}jj`y ptokc & ‒`ky pn `ky‟ “ ne pbn|j kllz|j` bjc` oh lz|pn`y kqkopoha ptokc# djohlnt}ntkpj` oh pbj Lt(](L( k| |jlponh <=:K(52 Pbj }ncoly tjlnffjh`| pbkp }tjlj`jhlj dj aoujh pn pbj lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| nujt pbn|j tjcjk|j` nh dkoc7 uo`jn lnhejtjhloha eklocop oj| pn dj jrpjh`j` ent lnh`zlpoha ptokc|7n}jtkponhkco|j }cjk dktakohoha |jlponh| ne pbj Lt(](L(7 ezccy zpoco|j dkoc }tnuo|onh|7 kh` tjcjk|j ne }to|nhjt| zh`jt

|jlponh 0<5K(5? Op kc|n tjlnffjh`| jr}jòpoha pbj |jlnh` }bk|j ne pbj ‒]to|nh Fn`jtho|kponh \lbjfj‟ kh` pbjjr}kh|onh ne pbj z|j ne ikoc k`kckp| kh` ek|p ptklg lnztp| pn ò|}n|j nee lk|j|(1=

Jr}jòpoha @o|}n|kc ne Lk|j| dy Jhlnztkaoha ]cjk&dktakohoha kh`.nt Ikoc

K`kckp|

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Pbj lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp qnzc` |jj jopbjt k |z|}jh`j` |jhpjhlj of}n|j` nt tjcjk|j ne pbj }to|nhjt nh }tndkponhqbjtj pbjy qjtj qoccoha pn qkouj pbj toabp pn lnhpj|p pbjot lk|j( Pn jpjtfohj pbj {zkhpzf ne |zd|pkhpouj }zho|bfjhpne of}to|nhfjhp oh ikoc Wjrlczòha pbn|j tjckpoha pn neejhlj| }zho|bkdcj qopb jkpb nt of}to|nhfjhp ent coejV zh`jt pbjlnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp |lbjfj# k}}tn}tokpj azo`jcohj| hjj` pn dj entfzckpj`( Pbj lnf}jpjhp kzpbntopy qnzc` entfkh n}ohonh# bkuoha tjakt` pn pbj atkuopy ne pbj neejhlj kh` pbj lotlzf|pkhlj| ne pbj lk|j uojqj` oh pnpkcopy( 14 Pbjentfzck qnzc` cofop pbj pktoee ne of}n|kdcj |jhpjhlj pn hn fntj pbkh bkce ne qbkp o| }tnuo`j` ent# zh`jt pbj O]L ent pbjltofj qopb qbolb pbjy ktj kllz|j`( Pbj tj}ntp ktpolzckpj` pbkp –zhcj|| pbjtj o| k tjk|nhkdcj lbkhlj ne bo| Wpbj}to|nhjtV |jlztoha |nfj kùkhpkaj# hn neejh`jt qnzc` dj kdcj pn }jt|zk`j bof|jce pn kukoc pbo| |lbjfj( Bj qnzcèjjc }jt|zk`j` nhcy oe bj lkh entj|jj jopbjt kh kùkhpkaj nt k |opzkponh qbjtj bj o| hnp qnt|j nee‖( 1<

]cjk dktakohoha bk| hnq djjh ohptn`zlj` oh pbj Lt(](L(10 "|jj Khhjrztj G/ pn jr}jòpj pbj o|}n|kc ne lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qoccoha pn }cjk` azocpy oh tjpzth ent ‒cjhojhly‟1: oh |jhpjhloha( Pbj ckq cky| nqh kh jckdntkpj }tnlj`ztj



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ 4?

ent }cjk&dktakohoha "}cjk|j |jj pbj hjrp lbk}pjt ent k o|lz||onh nh pbj }tnlj`ztj/( Pbj }cjk dktakohoha }tnuo|onh|dzoc` oh |nfj |pkpzpnty |kejazkt`| pn jh|ztj pbj unczhpktohj|| ne pbj azocpy }cjk# kh` kccnq ckqyjt| pn dj }tj|jhppbtnzabnzp pbj }tnlj|| pn jh|ztj pbkp ekot ptokc azktkhpjj| ktj hnp dtjklbj`(

Pbj @tkep Hkponhkc ]ncoly# bnqjujt# anj| fzlb eztpbjt pbkh pbj Lt(](L( nh pbj tjlnffjh`kponh| ne pbj Ckq Lnffo||onhkh` klpoujcy o|lnztkaj| pbj kllz|j` etnf lnhpj|poha pbjot lk|j( Op |zaaj|p| pbkp hnp nhcy qnzc` k cj||jt |jhpjhlj djk}}tn}tokpj qbjtj pbj kllz|j` `nj| hnp lnhpj|p#15 dzp kùnlkpj| k fkh`kpnty fkrofzf |jhpjhlj kqkt`j` nhlnhuolponh oh k lnhpj|pj` lk|j( \zlb k }ncoly ne bncòha nzp k coabpjt |jhpjhlj ent pbn|j tjk`y pn lnhej|| azocp kh` k

fkrofzf |jhpjhlj ent k lnhpj|pj` lk|j o| hnp nhcy kh kppjf}p pn cztj kh kllz|j` dy oh`zloha bof.bjt pn }cjk` azocpy#dzp kc|n kh kppjf}p pn o|lnztkaj }jn}cj pn lnhpj|p pbjot lk|j|( Lcjktcy# k ckq pbkp o|lnztkaj| }jn}cj etnf lnhpj|pohapbjot lk|j| uonckpj| Ktpolcj 4; ne pbj Lnh|popzponh# qbolb azktkhpjj| pbkp ckq| `j}touoha }jn}cj ne pbjot codjtpy fz|p djekot kh` iz|p( Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk oh op| ;04h` Tj}ntp bk| kc|n nd|jtuj` pbkp –oh`zloha kh kllz|j` pn fkgjk unczhpkty lnhej||onh ne azocp o| zh`nzdpj`cy kakoh|p }zdcol }ncoly‥‖(11

Tj`zloha Zh`jt&ptokc ]n}zckponh oh ]to|nh|9 \nfj \zaaj|ponh| dy HBTL12

K| pbj lbkot ne pbj Hkponhkc Bzfkh Toabp| Lnffo||onh# Iz|polj Khkh` bk` qtoppjh pn kcc pbj Lboje Iz|polj| ne pbj Boab Lnztp| nd|jtuoha9

\cnq }tnatj|| ne lk|j| oh Lnztp| kh` pbj n}jtkponh ne pbj |y|pjf ne dkoc pn pbj o|kùkhpkaj ne pbj }nnt kh`pbj occopjtkpj }to|nhjt| o| tj|}nh|odcj ent pbj }kpbjpol }coabp ne pbj|j –entanppjh |nzc|‖ qbn lnhpohzj pn |zeejt kccpbj bkt`|bo}| ne ohlktljtkponh kcpbnzab pbjot azocp o| yjp pn dj j|pkdco|bj`(

Pbj cjppjt |zaaj|pj` pbj enccnqoha fjk|ztj| pn tj`zlj pbj lnhaj|ponh ne zh`jt&ptokc| oh pbj }to|nh|9;( Tjazckt bnc oha ne |}jlokc lnztp| oh ikoc| kh` op| fnhopntoha dy pbj Lboje Iz|polj.\jhont Izàj ne pbj Boab

Lnztp(4( Fnhpbcy tjuojq ne pbj lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc| oh pbj coabp ne pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp‟| izàjfjhp nh Lnffnh

Lkz|j u|( Zhonh ne Ohòk W;??5"0/ \LL << kh` ;??5 "5/ \LL 1::/V( Oh pbo| izàjfjhp# pbj \z}tjfjLnztp bk| o||zj` lcjkt otjlponh| ent "k/ tjcjk|j nh dkoc kh` "d/ o|lbktaj ne ljtpkoh lkpjantoj| ne zh`jt&ptokc| |}jloeoj` oh pbj izàjfjhp(

<( Tjcjk|j ne zh`jt&ptokc| nh }jt|nhkc dnh`|9 K hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc| ktj enzh` pn dj ckhazo|boha oh ikoc|jujh kepjt djoha atkhpj` dkoc |of}cy djlkz|j pbjy ktj zhkdcj pn tko|j |ztjpoj|( Lk|j| ne |zlb zh`jt&ptokc|

lkh dj tjuojqj` kepjt 5&2 qjjg| pn lnh|o`jt pbjot |zopkdocopy ent tjcjk|j nh }jt|nhkc dnh`|# j|}jlokccy ohlk|j| qbjh pbjy ktj eot|p neejh`jt| kh` }zho|bfjhp o| kc|n cj|| pbkh 4.< yjkt|(0( Uo|op ne o|ptolp kh` |j||onh| izàj pn ikoc9 Pbj Ikoc Fkhzkc| ne kcc pbj \pkpj lnhpkoh }tnuo|onh| ent }jtonòlkc

uo|op ne pbj o|ptolp kh` |j||onh izàj k| kh jr&neeolon uo|opnt pn ikoc| ekccoha qopboh pbjot izto|òlponh( Dj|o`j|jh|ztoha kh nujtkcc of}tnujfjhp oh fkhkajfjhp kh` k`foho|ptkponh ne pbj }to|nh# |zlb uo|op| lkh bjc}oh o`jhpoeyoha pbj lk|j| ne cnha&|pkyoha zh`jt&ptokc|# qbolb hjj` ztajhp kh` |}jlokc kppjhponh( PbjLnffo||onh bk| nd|jtuj` k fktg of}tnujfjhp oh pbj |opzkponh oh pbj \pkpj| qbjtj pbo| ndcoakponh o|djoha o|lbktaj` |jtonz|cy kh` |ohljtjcy dy pbj |zdntòhkpj izòlokty( Op qnzc` dj z|jezc pn o||zj otjlponh|ent |zlb uo|op| dy kcc pbj jr&neeolon uo|opnt| pn ikoc| ekccoha oh pbjot izto|òlponh|(Lcjktcy# bncòha |}jlokc lnztp| oh ikoc| o| hnp pbj nhcy qky pn tj|}nh` pn pbj }tndcjf ne boab zh`jt&ptokc}n}zckponh( Oe bjc` kp kcc# HBTL toabpcy jf}bk|o|j| pbj hjj` ent fnhopntoha pbj ikoc k`kckp| dy pbj Boab Lnztp(Qopbnzp |zlb fnhopntoha# pbj|j k`kckp|lnzc` djlnfj k pnnc pn lnjtlj }nnt }to|nhjt| ohpn }cjkòha azocpy(

Of}cjfjhpkponh Tjfkoh| k ]tndcjf

Aoujh pbkp }tndcjf| kh` pbjot |nczponh| ktj ghnqh# pbj lbkccjhaj coj| oh of}cjfjhpoha pbj |nczponh|( Cklg ne }ncopolkcqocc bk| fjkhp pbkp |nczponh| tjfkoh zhof}cjfjhpj` qbocj npbjt –|bntp&lzp|‖ ktj jr}jtofjhpj` qopb( Pbj anujthfjhpkh` pbj izòlokty tjlnaho|j pbkp pbjtj ktj |jtonz| {zj|ponh| kdnzp pbj ltjòdocopy ne k |y|pjf pbkp tnzpohjcy }jtfop|nujt|pky| oh op| }to|nh| kh` lkhhnp |jjf pn pty }jn}cj qopboh k tjk|nhkdcj pofj( Qbkp o| khajtnz|# bnqjujt# o| pbjtjljhp ptjh` qbjtj pbj \pkpj k`fop| pbkp pbj |y|pjf o| hnp qntgoha kh` pbjh oh|pjk` ne ohopokpoha |y|pjfol tjentf|#k`n}p| |bntp&lzp| |zlb k| ikoc k`kckp| pn tjpkoh ltjòdocopy( Pbj ofkaj ne pbj |y|pjf “ djoha |jjh k| ezhlponhkc “ bk|djlnfj fntj of}ntpkhp pbkh jh|ztoha pbkp op qntg|(



<= CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

Lbk}pjt OOLbk}pjt OOLbk}pjt OOLbk}pjt OOLbk}pjt OO

Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K Ikoc K`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|`kckp|`kckp| oh ]oh ]oh ]oh ]oh ]tklpoljtklpoljtklpoljtklpoljtklpolj



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ <;



<4 CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

–Pbjtj o| hn |jp }kppjth lnffnh pn

kcc |pkpj| ent bncòha pbj|j k`kckp|(

Ohentfkponh lnccjlpj`‥tjujkcj`

bzaj ò|}ktopy oh pbj etj{zjhly

kltn|| òeejtjhp |pkpj|( Jujh qopboh

pbj|j |pkpj| pbjtj o| bzaj

ohlnh|o|pjhly‖(



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ <<

Pbo| lbk}pjt o| dk|j` nh pbj eojc` |pz`y lnh`zlpj` dy LBTO kh` |jjg| pn dtoha pn pbj kppjhponh ne pbj gjy }ckyjt| oh pbjltofohkc iz|polj |y|pjf# pbj qky| oh qbolb ikoc k`kckp| ktj ezhlponhoha oh }tklpolj( Op tjlnt`| uktyoha }tnlj`ztj| kh`}tklpolj| oh bncòha pbj|j k`kckp|# hnp nhcy kltn|| pbj |pkpj| dzp kc|n qopboh pbjf( Pbj etj{zjhly ne bncòha pbj|jk`kckp|# pbj goh` ne lk|j| pbkp pbjy jkc qopb# kh` pbj |jhpjhloha pbkp o| kccnqj` & ktj kcc uktoj`# qopb fzlb lnhez|onhoh pbj foh`| ne pbn|j tj|}nh|odcj ent bncòha pbjf(

@o|}ktopy oh pbj Etj{zjhly ne Bncòha Ikoc K`kckp|

Pbjtj o| hn |jp }kppjth lnffnh pn kcc |pkpj| ent bncòha pbj|j k`kckp|( K| fjhponhj`# Lboje Iz|polj Khkh` oh bo| cjppjt k| qjcc k| pbj Boab Lnztp| oh Zppkt ]tk`j|b# Kh`btk ]tk`j|b kh` npbjt |pkpj| bkuj otjlpj` pbkp ikoc k`kckp|dj bjc`nhlj nt pqolj k fnhpb j}jhòha nh pbj qntgcnk`( 1? Ohentfkponh lnccjlpj` pbtnzab eojc` uo|op| kh` TPO k}}colkponh|tjujkcj` bzaj o|}ktopy oh pbj etj{zjhly ne ikoc k`kckp| kltn|| oeejtjhp |pkpj|( Oh`jj` jujh qopboh pbj |pkpj|# pbjtj o|bzaj ohlnh|o|pjhly( Qbocj oh |nfj |pkpj| cogj Tkik|pbkh kh` Fk`byk ]tk`j|b# ikoc k`kckp| ktj hnp djoha bjc` kp kcc#oh npbjt| cogj Pkfoc Hk`z kh` Zppkt ]tk`j|b# pbjy qjtj djoha bjc` tjazcktcy( ]zbkc Ljhptkc ]to|nh oh Pkfoc Hk`ztj}ntpj` bncòha ikoc k`kckp| enzt pofj| k fnhpb qbjtjk| pbn|j oh Zppkt ]tk`j|b bnc` pbjf nhlj k fnhpb( OhGkthkpkgk# pbjy ktj bjc` tjazcktcy oh pbj Dkhakcntj Ljhptkc ]to|nh# dzp ktj hnp djoha bjc` oh khy npbjt ljhptkc ikoc nt ò|ptolp ikoc(

Oh Ibktgbkh`# ikoc k`kckp| bjc` oh dnpb Dot|k Fzh`k kh` Cng Hkykg }to|nh| bkuj djjh ohetj{zjhp( Oh Cng Hkykg# nujt k }jton` ne nhj yjkt# |or ikoc k`kckp| qjtj bjc`# qbolb o|}n|j` nee nhcy ;0 lk|j|( Bnqjujt# kcc pbj|j |or ikoc k`kckp|qjtj bjc` oh pbj eot|p |jujh fnhpb| qopb hnhj oh pbj ck|p eouj fnhpb|( Oh Dot|k Fzh`k# kcpbnzab ;<; lk|j| qjtjtjejttj` pn pbj ikoc k`kckp| qopb 54 ne pbj|j djoha o|}n|j` nee ztoha pbj yjkt# pbj|j qjtj kcc bjkt` oh iz|p pqn k`kckp|bjc` nh ;: Kzaz|p 4==1 kh` 4 Nlpndjt 4==1(

]to|nh neeolokc| oh Fk`byk ]tk`j|b kh` Tkik|pbkh |zaaj|pj` pbkp ikoc k`kckp| qjtj hnp djoha bjc` djlkz|j pbjtjqk| k cklg ne zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh bjc` ent }jppy neejhlj| pbkp qnzc` hjlj||opkpj pbjf(

Etj{zjhly kh` @o|}n|kc Tkpj ne Ikoc K`kckp|

"K}toc 4==1 “ Fktlb 4==2/

\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|) EEEEEtj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhly Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j| PPPPPnpkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j| @o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc""""" Ik oc K` kckp | Ik oc K`k ck p| Ik oc K` kckp | Ik oc K`k ck p| Ik oc K`k ck p| Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj` @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee TkpjTkpjTkpjTkpjTkpj

bjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbj dy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nh "}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/

Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Kzaz|p 4==1 “ Izcy 4==2/

Ljhptkc ]to|nh|Ljhptkc ]to|nh|Ljhptkc ]to|nh|Ljhptkc ]to|nh|Ljhptkc ]to|nh|

Tkhak Tj``y “ Lbktck}kccy ? ;0=< 5:0 05(505(505(505(505(5

By`jtkdk` “ Lbjhlbkcaz`k 5 :0: 0: 2(42(42(42(42(4

Qktkhakc H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K

Jk|p An`kukto&Tkikbfzh`ty : ;? ;? ;==;==;==;==;==

Uo|kgk}kphkf = = = =====Gk`k}k = = = =====

Hjccntj ;2 :?2 415 05(;05(;05(;05(;05(;

@o|ptolp ]to|nh|@o|ptolp ]to|nh|@o|ptolp ]to|nh|@o|ptolp ]to|nh|@o|ptolp ]to|nh|

Fkbdnndhkakt = = = =====

Gktofhkakt ? 1;; 52? ?1?1?1?1?1

Kòckdk`&K|oekdk` H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K




\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|) EEEEEtj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhly Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j| PPPPPnpkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j| @o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc""""" Ik oc K` kckp | Ik oc K`k ck p| Ik oc K` kckp | Ik oc K`k ck p| Ik oc K`k ck p| Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj` @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee TkpjTkpjTkpjTkpjTkpjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbj dy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nh "}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/

}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/

Hokfkdk`; : ?4 ?4 ;==;==;==;==;==

Fj`kg&\khaktj``y H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K

Hkcanh`k 4 :4 5 ;;(:;;(:;;(:;;(:;;(:

Uoikyqk`k = = = =====

Azhpzt 0 ?< ?< ;==;==;==;==;==

Khkhpk}ztkf = = = =====

]tkgk|bkf&Nhancj H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K

Uookhkaktkf = = = =====

\zd\zd\zd\zd\zd &&&&&Ikoc|Ikoc|Ikoc|Ikoc|Ikoc|

Lboppnnt =4 = = =====

Gbkffkf H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K

\togkgzckf = = = =====

Qj|p An`kukto ? <; H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K

Gzthnnc = = = =====

Lbbkppo|aktb

Kfdogk}zt 5 ;= : :=:=:=:=:=

Dock|}zt 4< ;0? 0; 41(:41(:41(:41(:41(:

@zta ;? 4? 41 ?<(;?<(;?<(;?<(;?<(;

Ika`kc}zt = = = =====

Tko}zt 4= <?4 ;<: <0(0<0(0<0(0<0(0<0(0

@jcbo

Tnboho @o|ptolp Ikoc ;4 :? <4 :0(4:0(4:0(4:0(4:0(4

Pobkt ;; 511 0=0 :?(5:?(5:?(5:?(5:?(5

Ibktgbkh`

Dot|k Fzh`k 4 ;<; 54 01(<01(<01(<01(<01(<

Cng Hkykg I(](H( 5 ;0 ;0 ;==;==;==;==;==

Gkthkpkgk

Dkhakcntj H.K ;<5 ;<5 ;==;==;==;==;==

Ljhptkc ]to|nh|9Ljhptkc ]to|nh|9Ljhptkc ]to|nh|9Ljhptkc ]to|nh|9Ljhptkc ]to|nh|9Fy|ntj# @ktqk`# DjcakzfDjcckty# Azcdktak# Doik}zt = = = =====

@@@@@o|ptolp ]to|nh|9o|ptolp ]to|nh|9o|ptolp ]to|nh|9o|ptolp ]to|nh|9o|ptolp ]to|nh|9 \bofnak# Tkolbzt

Tkfkhkaktk# Gnckt# Lboptk`ztak

Lbkfktkikhkakt# Pzfgzt

Lbolgfkakczt( Do`kt# Fj`ogjto

Bk|kh# Gktqkt = = = =====



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ <:

\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|)\jcjlpj` ]to|nh|) EEEEEtj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhlytj{zjhly Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j|Hn( ne Lk|j| PPPPPnpkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j|npkc Lk|j| @o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc@o|}n|kc""""" Ik oc K` kckp | Ik oc K`k ck p| Ik oc K` kckp | Ik oc K`k ck p| Ik oc K`k ck p| Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj`Tjejttj` @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee @o|}n|j` Nee TkpjTkpjTkpjTkpjTkpjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbjbjc` oh pbj dy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nhdy pbj ]to|nh "}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/"}jt ljhp/

}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/}k|p nhj yjkt/

Fk`byk ]tk`j|bAqkcont# Ikdkc}zt# Toqk# Oh`ntj

Dbn}kc# \kakt =< = = =====

Fkbktk|bptk

Kftkukpo H.K ?2 0? :=:=:=:=:=

Hka}zt 4 ;= ;= ;==;==;==;==;==

Hk|bog Tnk` ;; ;== ?: ?:?:?:?:?:

Pbkhj 2 51 51 ;==;==;==;==;==

_jtqk`k ]zhj ;4 <5< ;20 :=(5:=(5:=(5:=(5:=(5

Tkik|pbkh

Kifjt# Iko}zt# Dbktkp}zt % Z`ko}zt =0 = = =====

Zppkt ]tk`j|b "@o|ptolp Ikoc|/"@o|ptolp Ikoc|/"@o|ptolp Ikoc|/"@o|ptolp Ikoc|/"@o|ptolp Ikoc|/

Katk ;4 0?0 ;0= 42(<42(<42(<42(<42(<

Kcoaktb ;4 <4< 0? ;:(;;:(;;:(;;:(;;:(;

Ekokdk` ;4 4<2 ?1 0=(10=(10=(10=(10=(1

Antkgb}zt ;= ;2< :; 41(241(241(241(241(2

Ibkh|o 2 54= ?? ;:(?;:(?;:(?;:(?;:(?

Czlghnq ;4 4=50 102 <5(4<5(4<5(4<5(4<5(4

Fjjtzp ;4 02< 44< 05(405(405(405(405(4

Pkfoc Hk`z

Lnofdkpntj ;; <: <: ;==;==;==;==;==

Fk`ztko 01 4;2 :?: 4141414141

]zbkc 05 <<1: <2= ;;(4;;(4;;(4;;(4;;(4

Ptolby << 21 21 ;==;==;==;==;==

Ptolby \}jlokc ]to|nh Qnfjh 5 ;? ;? ;==;==;==;==;==

\}jlokc ]to|nh ent Qnfjh# Ujccntj = = = H.K H.K H.K H.K H.K

) Ljhptkc }to|nh| zhcj|| npbjtqo|j oh`olkpj`7 H.K9 Ohentfkponh hnp kukockdcj; Pbj ck|p ikoc k`kckp ntakho|j` oh Hokfkdk` @o|ptolp ]to|nh qk| ktnzh` \j}pjfdjt 4==5( Pbjy bkuj hnp bjc` khy ikock`kckp |ohlj pbjh(4 Hn }jppy neejh`jt| oh pbj ikoc# k| }jt ohentfkponh tjljouj`(< Hn }jppy neejh`jt| oh pbj ikoc# k| }jt ohentfkponh tjljouj`(0 Hn }jppy neejh`jt| oh pbj ikoc# k| }jt ohentfkponh tjljouj`(: Oh Fk`ztko# k}ktp etnf o|}n|oha nee pbj :? lk|j|# ikoc k`kckp| kc|n jrpjh`j` pbj tjfkh` }jton` oh ;5= lk|j|(Bnqjujt# pbj|j ;5= lk|j| ktj hnp lnzhpj` k| ‒ o|}n|kc|‟( Nhcy lnhuolponh| "tjcjk|j` nt eztpbjt |jhpjhlj`/ ktjlnzhpj` k| o|}n|kc|# ent pbj }zt}n|j ne pbo| pkdcj(




Jeejlp| ne Uktyoha ]tklpolj nh pbj @o|}n|kc Tkpj

Pbjtj qjtj fkint ohlnh|o|pjhloj| tj}ntpj` kdnzp pbj }tklpolj# }tnlj`ztj kh` fkh`kpj ne ikoc k`kckp|( Ent oh|pkhlj#oh Kh`btk ]tk`j|b# pbj |jltjpktoj| ne pbj @o|ptolp Cjakc \jtuolj Kzpbntopy "@C\K/ ohentf pbj }to|nhjt| kdnzp pbj ikock`kckp|# kh` lnccjlp pbj hkfj| ne pbn|j qoccoha pn }cjk` azocpy( Oh Ktpbzt Tnk` Ljhptkc ]to|nh "Fzfdko/# op o| pbj ikocneeolokc| qbn ohentf pbj }to|nhjt| kdnzp ikoc k`kckp|( Oh jklb dkttklg pbjy kccnp k }ktpolzckt }to|nhjt# |zeeolojhpcyj`zlkpj`# pn eocj k}}colkponh| nh djbkce ne }to|nhjt| oh bo| dkttklg pn dj lnh|o`jtj` oh ikoc k`kckp( \nfj ikoc| }tnuo`j

|pkh`kt` k}}colkponh entf| "|jj Khhjrztj J/ pn eklocopkpj tj{zj|p| etnf }to|nhjt|(2=

Pbj k}}colkponh| ktj pbjh entqkt`j`pn pbj lnhljthj` lnztp| oh qbolb pbj lk|j o| }jhòha ent ptokc( Kcc pbo| of}klp| z}nh pbj ò|}n|kc tkpj ne pbj lk|j|tjejttj` pn pbj ikoc k`kckp|(

Oh @jcbo# Lbbkppo|aktb kh` Zppkt ]tk`j|b# pbj kujtkaj o|}n|kc tkpj ne lk|j| tjejttj` ent ikoc k`kckp| qk| :5(?# :;(4kh` 4?(1 }jt ljhp tj|}jlpoujcy( K| }jt pbj ohentfkponh ndpkohj` pbtnzab TPO k}}colkponh|# pbj o|}n|kc tkpj oh Kcoaktbkh` Ibkh|o oh Zppkt ]tk`j|b qk| k| cnq k| ;: }jt ljhp( Pbj cnqjt ò|}n|kc tkpj oh Zppkt ]tk`j|b lkh dj jr}ckohj`dnpb dy pbj jcky oh eocoha pbj lbktaj&|bjjp dy pbj }ncolj kh` pbj k}}colkponh }tnlj|| jf}cnyj`(2; Pbj o|}n|kc tkpjne lk|j| oh ikoc k`kckp entzf| o| |oahoeolkhpcy keejlpj` dy jcky| oh eocoha pbj lbktaj&|bjjp( Jujh oe pbj }to|nhjt o| tjk`ypn }cjk` azocpy kh` eocj| kh k}}colkponh ent bo| lk|j pn dj lnh|o`jtj` oh pbj ikoc k`kckp# pbj Fkao|ptkpj lkhhnp o|}n|jnee pbj lk|j# oe pbj }ncolj bkuj hnp eocj` pbj lbktaj&|bjjp(

Oh |n ekt k| pbj k}}colkponh }tnlj|| o| lnhljthj`# |nfj |pkpj| kccnq pbj }to|nhjt| pn ohopokpj pbj }tnlj|| dy eocoha

k}}colkponh| pbtnzab pbj }to|nh kzpbntopoj| nt oh pbj lnztp qbjh k}}jktoha djentj pbjf( Oh npbjt |pkpj|# pbj lnztp| ohqbolb pbj lk|j o| }jhòha# o`jhpoey k}}tn}tokpj lk|j| kh` tjejt op pn pbj LIF qbn pbjh uo|op| pbj lnhljthj` }to|nhjt k|goha pbjf oe pbjy ktj qoccoha pn }cjk` azocpy( Oh pbj|j lk|j|# pbj o|}n|kc tkpj o| boabjt( Oh Pbkhj ljhptkc }to|nh# pbjò|}n|kc tkpj qk| ;== }jt ljhp( Oh pbo| }to|nh# ikoc k`kckp bjktoha| ent |zopkdcj }to|nhjt| ktj bjc` kp pbj oh|poakponh ne lnhljthj` lnztp| oh pbj |zttnzhòha pkczgk|# qbn entqkt` }npjhpokccy |zopkdcj lk|j| pn pbj LIF |oppoha oh pbj o|ptolplk}opkc qbn pbjh uo|op| pbj|j }to|nhjt| pn k|g oe pbjy qkhp pn }cjk` azocpy( Oe pbj }to|nhjt katjj|# bo| eocj o| entqkt`j` pnpbj lnhljthj` Fkao|ptkpj kh` pkgjh z} ztoha ikoc k`kckp(

Oh Czlghnq @o|ptolp Ikoc# qbjtj pbj }to|nhjt| ohopokpj pbj tj{zj|p pn dj bjkt` dy ikoc k`kckp|# nhcy djpqjjh ;: kh` 4=}jt ljhp ne k}}colkponh| ktj }tnlj||j`(24 Oh K}toc 4==1# ktnzh` ;<5 k}}colkponh| qjtj entqkt`j` kh` ktnzh` <=}tnlj||j`( Oh Fktlb 4==2# nujt 4== k}}colkponh| qjtj entqkt`j` pn pbj LIF kh` ktnzh` 2= lk|j| }tnlj||j` dyikoc k`kckp( Pbo| cnq o|}n|kc tkpj lkh dj jr}ckohj` dy pbj }jtljouj` zh|zopkdocopy# dy pbj izòlokty# ne pbj lk|j pn djò|}n|j` nee dy pbj ikoc k`kckp|( Op kc|n }nohp| pn pbj hjj` ent lcjkt lnffzholkponh djpqjjh pbj izòlokty kh` pbj}to|nh |pkee qbn tjejt pbj|j lk|j|# kdnzp pbj jcoaodocopy ltopjtok ne lk|j| pn dj lnh|o`jtj` ent ikoc k`kckp( Jh|ztoha pbkppbjtj o| k lcktopy kdnzp pbj jcoaodocopy ltopjtok qocc hnp nhcy |kuj pofj kh` tj|nztlj| ne pbn|j qbn tjejt kh` |ntp pbj|jlk|j| dzp kc|n lbjlg pbj o|k}}nohpfjhp ne }to|nhjt| qbn ktj kp }tj|jhp fkgoha k}}colkponh| qbolb lkhhnp jujhdj lnh|o`jtj`(

@jpjtfohoha Jcoaodocopy9 Hn Lcjkt Azo`jcohj|

Pbj ltopjtok ent |jcjlpoha lk|j| pn dj ò|}n|j` nee dy pbj ikoc k`kckp| ukty kltn|| pbj |pkpj|( Pbj |pz`y enzh` pbkpòeejtjhp neeolokc| jkcoha qopb pbj }tnlj|| oh pbj |kfj ikoc qjtj hnp katjj`.lcjkt nh pbj jcoaodocopy ltopjtok( Ent oh|pkhlj#nhj ikocnt oh Hka}zt Ljhptkc ]to|nh ohentfj` z| pbkp ikoc k`kckp| pnng z} lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| kllz|j` ne lnf}nzh`kdcj kh` hnh&lnahokdcj neejhlj| ptokdcj dy fkao|ptkpj qopb k fkrofzf }zho|bfjhp ne pqn yjkt|( Opohlcz`j` neejhlj| zh`jt pbj Dnfdky ]ncolj Klp# ;?:; kh` Dnfdky ]tjujhponh ne Akfdcoha Klp# ;221( Pbj LIFbjc` pbj|j lnztp| nh eot|p kh` pbot` \kpzt`ky ne pbj fnhpb( Bnqjujt# pbj khnpbjt ikocnt ne pbj |kfj }to|nh ohentfj` z|pbkp pbj lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| lbktaj` zh`jt |jlponh| ;44 kh` ;;= ne O]L qopb k fkrofzf |jhpjhlj ne pbtjjfnhpb| qjtj pkgjh z} oh pbj ikoc k`kckp|# qbolb qjtj bjc` nh |jlnh` kh` enztpb \kpzt`ky| ne pbj fnhpb( K louoc izàjoh pbj |kfj o|ptolp lnh|o`jtj` }jppy neejhlj k| pbn|j `jeohj` zh`jt |jlponh 4=5 ne Lt(](L( "|jj pbj hjrp |jlponh ent kò|lz||onh nh pbo| }tnuo|onh/(

\ofockt lnhez|onh kdnzp qbkp lk|j| lnzc` dj pkgjh z} oh ikoc k`kckp| qk| |jjh oh npbjt |pkpj| k| qjcc( Oh Kftkukpo#ent jrkf}cj# pbjtj qk| fkint ohlnh|o|pjhly enzh` oh qbkp pbj LIF| ohentfj` z| kdnzp pbj }tklpolj# kh` pbjlotlzckt o||zj` dy Fkbktk|bptk OA ]to|nh| "|jj Khhjrztj L/( Pbj LIF oh Kftkukpo tj}ntpj` pbkp lk|j| ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| kllz|j` zh`jt |jlponh ;;= kh` ;;1 ne O]L qjtj pkgjh z} oh ikoc k`kckp|( Bnqjujt# pbj co|p ne neejhlj|



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ <1

fjhponhj` oh pbj "Fktkpbo/ lotlzckt o||zj` dy pbj OA ]to|nh| pn pbj \z}jtohpjh`jhp ne pbj Kftkukpo }to|nh nj| hnpohlcz`j pbj|j |jlponh|( \jlponh <1? o| kc|n nfoppj` etnf pbj co|p ne }jppy neejhlj| jhzfjtkpj` dy OA ]to|nh| oh pbkplotlzckt( Bnqjujt# pbj LIF fjhponhj` pbkp pbo| }tnuo|onh jkcoha qopb pbj neejhlj ne pbjep qk| ptjkpj` k| k }jppyneejhlj kh` pkgjh z} oh ikoc k`kckp| dzp nhcy oh pbn|j lk|j| qbjtj pbj kfnzhp ne }tn}jtpy |pncjh qk| cj||pbkh T|( 4===(2<

Pbj cjppjt lotlzckpj` dy Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk# Iz|polj Khkh`# pn pbj Lboje Iz|polj| ne pbj kcc pbj |pkpj| |zaaj|pj` pbkplnztp| dj bjc` oh ikoc| pn –pkgj z} pbj lk|j| ne pbn|j zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qbn ktj ohuncuj` oh }jppy neejhlj| kh` gjjh

pn lnhej|| pbjot azocp‖( Ne pbj pbtjj ltopjtok |zaaj|pj` dy pbj Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk “ zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|# kllz|j` ne }jppy neejhlj|# kh` qoccoha pn k`fop azocp “ op o| pbj |jlnh` ltopjtonh pbkp o| lkz|oha fzlb lnhez|onh( Pbjtj o| hn lcjkt kh` qo`jcy kllj}pj` jeohoponh ne }jppy neejhlj|# jrlj}p k dtnk` zh`jt|pkhòha pbkp pbj fn|p bjohnz| ltofj| ktj hnplnujtj` oh pbo| lkpjanty ne neejhlj|(

Pbj Kfdoazopy ne pbj Pjtf ‒]jppy Neejhlj|‟

@ztoha pbj lnzt|j ne pbj |pz`y# pbj LBTO pjkf lkfj kltn|| uktonz| jeohoponh| ne pbj pjtf ‒}jppy neejhlj|‟(

@jeohoponh dy pbj Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj

\jlponh 4=5 ne Lt(](L( jeohj| }jppy neejhlj ent pbj }zt}n|j| ne pbkp |jlponh k| –khy neejhlj }zho|bkdcj nhcy qopb eohj

hnp jrljjòha nhj pbnz|kh` tz}jj|# dzp nj| hnp ohlcz`j khy neejhlj |n }zho|bkdcj zh`jt pbj Fnpnt Ujbolcj| Klp#;?<? Whnq ;?22V# nt zh`jt khy npbjt ckq qbolb }tnuo`j| ent lnhuolpoha pbj kllz|j` }jt|nh oh bo| kd|jhlj nh k }cjkne azocpy‖( Op |pkpj| pbkp k }jt|nh lbktaj` ne k }jppy neejhlj "k| `jeohj` kdnuj/ fky dj ptoj` |zffktocy zh`jt |jlponh|45= kh` 45; ne pbj Lt(](L( Pbj|j |jlponh| `jkc qopb pbj }tnlj`ztj ent |zffkty ptokc kh` jckdntkpj pbj py}j| ne neejhlj| pbkp fky dj ptoj`# nt o|}n|j` ne |zffktocy oh lnztp| nd|jtuoha cj||jt }tnlj`ztj(

@jeohoponh dy pbj ]to|nh @j}ktpfjhp# Fkbktk|bptk

K lotlzckt qk| o||zj` dy pbj Oh|}jlpnt Ajhjtkc ne ]to|nh|# Fkbktk|bptk "|jj Khhjrztj E/ pn pbj Ikoc \z}jtohpjh`jhp ne Kftkukpo Ljhptkc ]to|nh òtjlpoha bof pn |jp z} k |y|pjf pn fkgj pbj bncòha ne ikoc k`kckp| fntj |ptzlpztj`( Pbj}tn}n|j` |y|pjf fkh`kpj` pbj lotlcj ikocnt.izòlokc ikocnt.ykt` |zdj`kt 20 pn }tj}ktj k co|p ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|jcoaodcj ent ikoc k`kckp|( Pbj enccnqoha o| pbj ltopjtok ent jpjtfohoha jcoaodocopy9

Zh`jt&ptokc ent pbtjj fnhpb| nt fntj7․ Kllz|j` ne lbktaj| "}jppy neejhlj|/ fjhponhj` djcnq7

․ Lbktaj&|bjjp bk| djjh eocj`7 kh`

․ Qoccoha pn }cjk` azocpy(

Pbo| co|p o| entqkt`j` pn pbj LIF ne pbj lnhljthj` lnztp# ent bof.bjt pn ndpkoh kcc pbj `jpkoc| kh` `nlzfjhp| ne pbjlk|j djentj lnfoha pn bnc` ikoc k`kckp jujty eot|p kh` pbot` \kpzt`ky ne pbj fnhpb# ent |}jj`y o|}n|kc ne lk|j|( Pbjneejhlj| pbkp ekcc oh pbj co|p ne –}jppy neejhlj|‖ ktj k| enccnq| "|jj Khhjrztj A ent k jpkocj` khkcy|o| ne pbj|j neejhlj|/9

Neejhlj| zh`jt pbj Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j

\jlponh|9 ;<1# ;0=# ;:0# ;::# ;:5# ;5=# ;14# ;1;"J/# ;1;"F/# ;1;"O/# ;14# ;1<# ;10# ;1:# ;15# ;2=# ;20# ;2:#

;25# ;21# ;22# 45<"K/# 411# 412# 42<# 4?=# 4?0# <<0# <<5# <:4# <:2# 045# 002# 02?"J/# 0?=# :;=

Ne pbj pnpkc <: O]L |jlponh| co|pj` kdnuj# <= }jt ljhp ktj }zho|bkdcj nhcy qopb k eohj kfnzhp tkhaoha etnf k fohofzfne Tz}jj| ;== pn k fkrofzf ne Tz}jj| ;===( ]to|nhjt| lbktaj` ent neejhlj| "k| co|pj` kdnuj/ }zho|bkdcj dyof}to|nhfjhp# fky ajp k ikoc pjtf ne 40 bnzt| pn k yjkt# z}nh lnhuolponh "|jj khkcy|o| oh Khhjrztj A/( Ne pbjneejhlj| }zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp# 05 }jt ljhp neejhlj| bkuj k ikoc pjtf ne nhj fnhpb kh` <= }jt ljhp bkuj kikoc pjtf ne pbtjj fnhpb|( O`jkccy# kcc pbj }to|nhjt| ohlktljtkpj` zh`jt pbj kdnuj fjhponhj` |jlponh| |bnzc` dj nzp nhdkoc# k| kcc ne pbj|j ktj dkockdcj neejhlj|(




Neejhlj| zh`jt pbj Dnfdky ]ncolj Klp# ;?:;

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Pbj }jhkcpoj| ent pbj neejhlj| zh`jt pbj Dnfdky ]ncolj Klp# ;?:; co|pj` oh pbj lotlzckt# tkhaj etnf k eohj kfnzhp# pnof}to|nhfjhp# nt k lnfdohkponh ne dnpb( Pbj eohj kfnzhp zh`jt pbj|j }tnuo|onh| uktoj| etnf k fohofzf ne T|( ;==pn k fkrofzf ne T|( 4=#:==# kh` pbj of}to|nhfjhp pjtf tkhaj| etnf k fohofzf ne nhj fnhpb pn k fkrofzf ne nhjyjkt( Fkintopy ne pbj neejhlj| "0; }jt ljhp/ zh`jt pbj|j |jlponh| ktj }jhkco|j` qopb kh of}to|nhfjhp pjtf ne < fnhpb|#kh` khnpbjt <: }jt ljhp qopb k }to|nh pjtf ne nhj fnhpb( Ne pbj pnpkc 42 |jlponh|# <? }jt ljhp ktj }zho|bkdcj dy keohj kfnzhp nhcy# qopbnzp khy pjtf ne of}to|nhfjhp(

Neejhlj| zh`jt pbj Ohòkh Tkocqky| Klp# ;?2?

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K fkintopy ne pbj }jppy neejhlj| zh`jt pbj Ohòkh Tkocqky| Klp# ;?2? ktj }zho|bkdcj qopb |nfj eohj kfnzhp kh` ktjhnp }zho|bkdcj dy of}to|nhfjhp( Op o| zhlcjkt qby ktj }jn}cj of}to|nhj` zh`jt pbj|j }tnuo|onh|# zhcj|| pbjy bkujdjjh lbktaj` ent k`òponhkc zhckqezc klp| nt ent hnh&}kyfjhp ne eohj( \nfj |jlponh| ktj kc|n }zho|bkdcj dy k ikocpjtf# qbolb tkhaj| etnf k fohofzf ne nhj fnhpb pn k fkrofzf ne pbtjj yjkt|(

@jeohoponh dy pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp ne Ohòk

Pbj K}jr Lnztp oh Lnffnh Lkz|j# k Tjao|pjtj` \nlojpy pbtnzab op| @otjlpnt u( Z(N(O( kh` Nt|2: qbocj otjlpoha kcc pbj|pkpj| kh` zhonh pjttopntoj| pn tjcjk|j zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qbn bkuj djjh jpkohj` ent zh`zj cjhapb ne pofj nd|jtuj`9–Op o| k fkppjt ne lnffnh jr}jtojhlj pbkp oh fkhy lk|j| qbjtj pbj }jt|nh| ktj kllz|j` ne fohnt neejhlj| }zho|bkdcj hnpfntj pbkh pbtjj yjkt| & nt jujh cj|| & qopb nt qopbnzp eohj# pbj }tnljjòha| ktj gj}p }jhòha ent yjkt| pnajpbjt‖(Pbjtjentj# pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp ohòlkpj| fohnt nt }jppy neejhlj| k| pbn|j }zho|bkdcj dy k fkrofzf ne pbtjj yjkt|(

@jeohoponh dy pbj @jcbo Boab Lnztp

Pbo| o|}ktopy oh pbj jeohoponh ne ‒}jppy neejhlj‟ qk| tjlnaho|j` dy k LFF oh @jcbo qbn qk| tj|}nh|odcj ent bncòhaikoc k`kckp|( Pbj LFF oh ;??? bk` tj{zj|pj` ent k lcktoeolkponh k| pn qbkp py}j ne lk|j| |bnzc` dj ohlcz`j` zh`jt pbj

`jeohoponh ne }jppy neejhlj| pbkp ktj pn dj pkgjh z} oh ikoc k`kckp|( Pbj Boab Lnztp oh J||kha Hynha kh` Nt|( u|( \pkpj"HLP ne @jcbo/25# otjlpj` pbkp op o| kh ohpjhponhkc jeentp pn tjetkoh etnf ohpjt}tjpoha –}jppy neejhlj‖ oh k hkttnq |jh|j#k| pbkp qnzc` `jejkp pbj }zt}n|j ent qbolb pbo| jrjtlo|j qk| |zaaj|pj` dy Iz|polj Khkh` oh bo| cjppjt oh Hnujfdjt#;???( ]jppy neejhlj |bnzc` dj ohpjt}tjpj` iz|p k| qk| jeohj` oh bo| cjppjt# qopbnzp eztpbjt ohpjt}tjpkponh(

Pbj Boab Lnztp ne @jcbo |pkpj` pbkp pbj cjppjt lcjktcy ohòlkpj| pbj tjkcf ne }jppy neejhlj|9

–"o/ fohnt neejhlj| qbjtj atkuopy ne pbj neejhlj o| cj|| kh` pbj }zho|bfjhp o| hnp anoha pn dj ujty |jujtj7nt "oo/ pbj neejhlj| oh qbolb pbj }to|nhjt| ktj ohuncuj` djoha eot|p neejh`jt| fky jhpopcj` pn djhjeop ne }tndkponh7 nt "ooo/ fky dj cjp nee dy pbj Lnztp| nh }kyfjhp ne eohj nhcy‖(

]tnlj`ztj oh Ikoc K`kckp|

Pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| |jjf| pn dj tjazckpj` k| fzlb dy lz|pnf oh }tklpolj k| dy ckq# qopb hjqcy k}}nohpj`LIF| lnhpohzoha }tklpolj| ohbjtopj` etnf }tj`jlj||nt|( Oh kcc pbj |pkpj| |pzòj`#21 pbj lk|j eocj| ne }to|nhjt| qoccoha pn}cjk` azocpy etnf |zttnzhòha lnztp| ktj entqkt`j` pn pbj lnhljthj` izàj|22 oh pbj o|ptolp bjk`{zktpjt| pn o|}n|jnee# oh pbj }tj|jhlj ne pbj kllz|j` oh pbj }to|nh( Pbj LIF| ktj tktjcy bncòha pbj ikoc k`kckp| kh` jcjakpj pbj zpypn pbjot |zdntòhkpj| "IFEL|.FF|/( Oh Pbkhj# pbj IFEL bnc`| pbj ikoc k`kckp|( Oh @jcbo# pbjy ktj bjc` dy Fjptn}ncopkhFkao|ptkpj| "FF/# qbjtjk| oh Czlghnq# op o| LIF| qbn bnc` pbj|jk`kckp|(

Kcpbnzab juo|j` k| k fjlbkho|f pn o|}n|j nee lk|j| ohuncuoha }jppy neejh`jt| dy tjcjk|oha pbjf nh }tndkponh nt ent pbj }jton` kctjk`y zh`jtanhj# nt qopb |nfj fohnt of}to|nhfjhp# |nfj izto|òlponh| ktj z|oha ikoc k`kckp| pn jrpjh`pbj tjfkh` }jton` "Fk`ztko Ljhptkc ]to|nh# Pkfoc Hk`z/ nt pn atkhp dkoc| "Kztkhakdk` @o|ptolp ]to|nh# Fkbktk|bptk/(



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ <?

Pbj }tnlj`ztj ent `jkcoha qopb }jppy neejh`jt| qbn }cjk` azocpy oh pbj ikoc k`kckp| o| hnp }tj|ltodj` oh ckq( ]tont pn4==5# pbj nhcy }tnlj`ztj pbkp lnzc` dj z|j` pn jkc qopb pbj|j lk|j| qk| pbj nhj }tj|ltodj` ent |zffkty ptokc zh`jt Lbk}pjt RRO# Lt(](L( "|jj Khhjrztj @/(2? Bnqjujt# k }tj&tj{zo|opj ne z|oha pbj }tnlj`ztj zh`jt pbo| lbk}pjt qk| pbkppbj neejhlj dj }zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp z}pn |or fnhpb|( Kepjt 4==5# pbj |ln}j qk| qo`jhj` pn ohlcz`j neejhlj|}zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp z} pn pqn yjkt|( _jp# ikoc k`kckp| ktj djoha bjc` pn jkc qopb neejhlj| }zho|bkdcj qopbof}to|nhfjhp z} pn |jujh yjkt| kc|n( Kepjt pbj yjkt 4==5# khnpbjt n}ponh kukockdcj pn jkc qopb lk|j| oh ikoc k`kckp|o| pn z|j pbj }tnlj`ztj }tj|ltodj` oh Lbk}pjt RROK ent }cjk dktakohoha( "|jj Khhjrztj I/

Pbj }tnuo|onh| `jkcoha qopb }cjk&dktakohoha lcktoey pbkp pbo| }tnlj`ztj qocc hnp k}}cy pn lk|j| }zho|bkdcj qopbof}to|nhfjhp ent k }jton` jrljjòha |jujh yjkt|(?= Op qocc kc|n hnp k}}cy pn –neejhlj| keejlpoha pbj |nlon&jlnhnfollnhòponh ne pbj lnzhpty‖(?; Op fkh`kpj| pbj lnztp pn |kpo|ey op|jce kdnzp pbj unczhpkty hkpztj ne pbj k}}colkponh(

Pbj lnztp fz|p aouj hnpolj pn kcc pbj lnhljthj` }ktpoj| ohlczòha pbj }ncolj# pbj }tn|jlzpnt# pbj uolpof kh` pbjkllz|j` pn qntg nzp k |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j( Pbj lnztp o| zpy dnzh` pn jh|ztj pbkp pbj jhpotj }tnlj|| o|lnf}cjpj` unczhpktocy dy kcc pbj }ktpoj| }ktpolo}kpoha oh pbj fjjpoha( Dnpb pbj uolpof kh` pbj kllz|j` bkuj pbj toabp pnbkuj pbjot ckqyjt| }tj|jhp oh pbj|j fjjpoha|( Kepjt tjljouoha pbj tj}ntp ne pbo| fjjpoha# pbj lnztp qocc o|}n|j ne pbj lk|joh pbj fkhhjt }tj|ltodj` oh ckq( Qbjtj pbj lnztp eoh`| pbkp pbj k}}colkponh qk| hnp eocj` unczhpktocy# nt pbj kllz|j`bk| djjh lnhuolpj` }tjuonz|cy ent pbj |kfj neejhlj# nt k |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j lnzc` hnp dj qntgj` nzpoh pbj fjjpoha# pbjh pbj }tnuo|onh| ne }cjk&dktakohoha n hnp k}}cy kh` pbj lnztp fz|p jlo`j pbj lk|j oh kllnt`khljqopb pbj npbjt }tnuo|onh| ent ptokc( Pbj ckq lcktoeoj| pbkp pbj |pkpjfjhp| nt eklp| |pkpj` dy pbj kllz|j` oh pbjk}}colkponh ent }cjk dktakohoha lkhhnp dj z|j` ent khy npbjt }zt}n|j jrlj}p ent pbj }zt}n|j |}jloeoj` oh pbj}cjk&dktakohoha }tnuo|onh|(

Hnhj ne pbj ikoc k`kckp| pbkp qjtj |pzòj` bkuj z|j` pbj }tnuo|onh| ne }cjk&dktakohoha pn o|}n|j nee pbj lk|j| ne pbj}jppy neejh`jt|( Pbjtj qk| hn lcktopy nh pbj ckq anujthoha pbj }tnlj`ztj z|j` dy pbj izàj| oh pbj|j k`kckp|( Jujhpbnzab fkhy izàj| |zaaj|pj` pbkp pbjy qjtj enccnqoha pbj }tnlj`ztj }tj|ltodj` ent |zffkty ptokc|# pbjy ekocj` pnenccnq pbkp }tn}jtcy( \nfj ne pbj neejhlj| pbkp qjtj djoha jkcp qopb oh pbj|j k`kckp| lkttoj` of}to|nhfjhp ent k fzlbcnhajt pofj pbkh jhuo|kaj` dy |jlponh| 45=(?4

\jhpjhloha

Ikoc k`kckp| tjlnt` k lnhuolponh kh` pbjh bkh` nqh k |jhpjhlj & z|zkccy pn pofj kctjk`y |jtuj` nt k dkckhlj ne klnhlj||onhkc hzfdjt ne `ky| pn dj |jtuj` djentj tjcjk|j( Ent oh|pkhlj# oe k pbtjj fnhpb |jhpjhlj o| aoujh kh` pbj}to|nhjt bk| |jtuj` pqn kh` bkce fnhpb| kctjk`y# bj qocc |jtuj khnpbjt ;: ky| djentj tjcjk|j(

Pbj }nqjt ne pbj lnztp pn kqkt` k |jhpjhlj oh |zffkty ptokc| o| |jp nzp dy |jlponh 454"4/ ne pbj Lt(](L( Op }tnuo`j| pbkp‒hn |jhpjhlj ne of}to|nhfjhp ent k pjtf jrljjòha pbtjj fnhpb| |bkcc dj }k||j` oh pbj lk|j ne khy lnhuolponh zh`jt pbo| Lbk}pjt(‟

@j|}opj pbj }tnuo|onh dy |jlponh 454"4/ oh pbj Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<# oh 4==1 ohHokfkdk` Ljhptkc ]to|nh# Kh`btk ]tk`j|b# k Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj |jhpjhlj` kh zh`jt&ptokcoh k ikoc k`kckp ent k pjtf ne pbtjj yjkt|( \ohlj pbjh hn zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt bk| }cjk`j` azocpy nt |bnqh qoccohahj|| pn dj ptoj` |zffktocy( Ikoc k`kckp| ktj hnp djoha bjc` oh pbj }to|nh etnfpbjh nh(

Pbj npbjt n}ponh kukockdcj ent |jhpjhloha }to|nhjt| oh ikoc k`kckp| o| pbj nhj }tj|ltodj` dy pbj }cjk&dktakohoha}tnuo|onh|( Bnqjujt# ent pbj lnztp| pn jrjtlo|j pbn|j }nqjt|# pbjy fz|p enccnq pbj }tnlj`ztj }tj|ltodj` dy Lbk}pjt RROK( Pbjtjkepjt# pbjy fky kqkt` lnf}jh|kponh pn pbj uolpof nh pbj dk|o| ne pbj tj}ntp ne pbj fjjpoha?<( Kepjt bjktohapbj }ktpoj|# op fky tjcjk|j pbj kllz|j` nh ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2# nt |jhpjhlj pbj kllz|j` pn nhj&enztpb ne pbj }tj|ltodj` }zho|bfjhp( Qbjtj k fohofzf }zho|bfjhp bk| djjh }tnuo`j`# pbj lnztp fky }zho|b pbj kllz|j` pnbkce pbj }tj|ltodj` }jton`(

Pbj }tnlj`ztj enccnqj` dy izòlokty oh k`foho|pjtoha ikoc k`kckp| o| hnp j|pkdco|bj` dy ckq( Pbjy ekoc pn enccnq pbj}tnlj`ztj }tj|ltodj` jopbjt dy Lbk}pjt RRO nt RROK oh op| jhpotjpy( Qbkp pbj }to|nhjt bk| pn dj |kpo|eoj` qopb o| kbnplb}nplb ne dnpb pbj }tnuo|onh|(




Lbk}pjt OOOLbk}pjt OOOLbk}pjt OOOLbk}pjt OOOLbk}pjt OOO

Lnjtloha pn Lbnn|j9Lnjtloha pn Lbnn|j9Lnjtloha pn Lbnn|j9Lnjtloha pn Lbnn|j9Lnjtloha pn Lbnn|j9]]]]]tncnhaj` \pky oh ]tncnhaj` \pky oh ]tncnhaj` \pky oh ]tncnhaj` \pky oh ]tncnhaj` \pky oh ]to|nhto|nhto|nhto|nhto|nhnt \bntpnt \bntpnt \bntpnt \bntpnt \bntp&&&&&lzp pn ‒lzp pn ‒lzp pn ‒lzp pn ‒lzp pn ‒Iz|polj‟Iz|polj‟Iz|polj‟Iz|polj‟Iz|polj‟




–Pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| o|

dk|j` nh pbj k||zf}ponh pbkp

ohhnljhp }to|nhjt| qocc hnp }cjk`

azocpy( Pbj|j k`kckp| qnzc dj

jrptjfjcy zhekot kh` zhiz|p# oe

pbjy qjtj pn djlnfj k fjlbkho|f pn

oh`zlj ohhnljhp }to|nhjt| ohpn

}cjk`oha azocpy# iz|p pn kuno cnha

}jton`| ne ohlktljtkponh qbocj

kqkopoha ptokc‖(




Pbj |pz`y ohòlkpj| pbkp pbjtj o| hn zhoentfopy oh pbj fkh`kpj# }tnlj`ztj kh` }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| kltn|| pbjlnzhpty( Pbj|j k`kckp| `n hnp enccnq khy }tnlj`ztj }tj|ltodj` dy ckq7 pbjy n hnp kccnq ckqyjt| pn dj }tj|jhp ztohapbj ptokc7 kh` kccnq }to|nhjt| pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp k`j{zkpj lnzh|jccoha( _jp# pbjy |jjf pn dj k }tklpolkc qky pnjh|ztj k {zolg tjcjk|j etnf }to|nh| ent fkhy }jn}cj qbn ktj qoccoha pn lnhej||( Oe pbj|j k`kckp| ktj hnp bjc`# zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| qocc lnhpohzj pn |pky oh }to|nh| ent k cnha pofj( Pbo| lbk}pjt jrkfohj| pbj ktazfjhp| kakoh|p kh` ohekunzt ne bncòha ikoc k`kckp|(

Ikoc K`kckp|9kp pbj Ln|p ne Iz|polj>

Kcc neejhlj| ptoj` |zffktocy kh` ò|}n|j` nee dy pbj ikoc k`kckp| # ktj tjckpoujcy fohnt ohetklponh| kh` }jppy ltofj|(Of}ntpkhpcy# pbjy ktj fn|pcy dkockdcj( Pbjtj o| k |ptnha ktazfjhp pbkp neejh`jt| lbktaj` qopb pbj|j py}j| ne neejhlj||bnzc` hnp dj oh }to|nh|( Pbjy |bnzc` hnp dj gj}p oh nujtltnq`j` }to|nh| ent fnhpb| kh` yjkt|# kh` |bnzc` hnp djentlj` ohpn kcpjthkpouj iz|polj `jcoujty entzf|( Oh Fk`byk ]tk`j|b# |jhont }to|nh neeolokc| |pkpj` pbkp pbj fkintopy ne pbn|j kllz|j` qbn qnzc` dj |zdijlp pn pbj izto|òlponh ne ikoc k`kckp| & pbn|j bjc` ent }jppy neejhlj| & ktj atkhpj`dkoc( ?0 Npbjt |pkpj| lnzc` enccnq pbo| }tklpolj qopbnzp bkuoha pn tj|ntp pn ikoc k`kckp| pbkp ktj lnhptnujt|okc(

Tj|jktlb tjlnt`j` lnhljth dy }to|nh neeoljt| nujt pbj of}klp ne ikoc k`kckp|( Oh fn|p ne pbj |pkpj|# pbj }to|nhjt| ktj hnpohentfj` nt lnzh|jccj` kdnzp pbj lnh|j{zjhlj| ne k azocpy }cjk kh` k lnhuolponh( K \z}jtohpjh`jhp oh pbj Pobkt Ljhptkc ]to|nh Lnf}cjr "@jcbo/ katjj` pbkp pbjtj ktj |jujtj of}colkponh| ne k }to|nhjt }cjkòha azocpy# qbolb fn|p}to|nh neeolokc| ekoc pn tjlnaho|j kh` bjhlj ekoc pn ohentf pbj }to|nhjt|( Bj lnheotfj` pbkp pbn|j qbn ktj lnhuolpj` kh`

tjcjk|j` "kepjt }cjkòha azocpy/ ktj nepjh tnzh`j` z} dy pbj }ncolj oh lk|j ne khy |z|}olonz| occjakc klp oh pbjlnhljthj` }jt|nh‟| cnlkcopy# kh` bktk||j` dy pbjf( Pbo| \z}jtohpjh`jhp fjhponhj` pbkp bj jh|ztj| pbkp bj ohentf| pbj}to|nhjt| kdnzp pbj cogjcy lnh|j{zjhlj| djentj pbjy lnh|o`jt pbjf|jcuj| ent ikoc k`kckp( Qopbnzp k`j{zkpj lnzh|jccoha#pbj|j k`kckp| djlnfj pnnc| ent lnjtloha lnhej||onh| etnf }nnt }to|nhjt| qbn ktj hnp ktfj` qopb cjakc ghnqcjàjjopbjt pn lnhpj|p pbjot lk|j nt zh`jt|pkh` pbj |nlokc kh` cjakc lnh|j{zjhlj| ne k azocpy }cjk kh` lnhuolponh( Pbjy}cjk` azocpy jujh qbjtj pbjy foabp hnp dj kh` ajp k tjlnt` ne ltofohkc bo|pnty(

Kakoh|p j|pkdco|bj` ekot ptokc }tohlo}cj|# pbjtj ktj hn ckqyjt| }tj|jhp kp pbj ikoc k`kckp }tnljjòha|# qbolb lnf}to|jnhcy pbj fkao|ptkpj# k lcjtg kh` pbj kllz|j`(?: Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh bk| hnpj` pbkp lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp ne neejh`jt| kepjt fkgoha pbjf }cjk` azocpy kh` qopbnzp cjppoha pbjf lnhpj|p pbjot lk|j lkh dj zhlnh|popzponhkc# zhekot#zhiz|p kh` kakoh|p }zdcol }ncoly(?5 Pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| o| dk|j` nh pbj k||zf}ponh pbkp ohhnljhp }to|nhjt| qocchnp }cjk` azocpy( Pbj|j k`kckp| qnzc` dj jrptjfjcy zhekot kh` zhiz|p# oe pbjy qjtj pn djlnfj k fjlbkho|f pn oh`zljohhnljhp }to|nhjt| ohpn }cjkòha azocpy# iz|p pn kuno` cnha }jton`| ne ohlktljtkponh qbocj kqkopoha ptokc(

Khnpbjt o||zj ne lnhljth o| pbj }n||odocopy ne z|oha pbj lnhej||onh ne }to|nhjt| kakoh|p pbjf oh tjazckt ltofohkc ptokc|#oh lk|j| qbjtj pbjot k}}colkponh| ent ikoc k`kckp ktj tjijlpj`( Oh Zppkt ]tk`j|b & qbjtj }to|nhjt| ohopokpj pbj k}}colkponh}tnlj|| & pbj |fkcc hzfdjt ne k}}colkponh| pbkp ktj zcpofkpjcy }tnlj||j` of}coj| pbkp ktnzh` 2= }jt ljhp ne pbj‒lnhej||oha‟ k}}colkhp| n hnp tjljouj pbj djhjeop ne pbkp lnhej||onh(?1 Pbo| lnzc` }n|j k }tndcjf# kh` }tjizòlj pbj}to|nhjt oe pbjy qkhpj` pn lnhpj|p pbjot lk|j kp k ckpjt `kpj( Oe pbjot }tjuonz| ‒lnhej||onh‟ lnzc` dj }tj|jhpj` k|juo`jhlj dy pbj }tn|jlzponh# pbj|j }to|nhjt| qnzc` dj boabcy o|kùkhpkaj`( Pbj }cjk dktakohoha }tnlj`ztj zh`jt pbj Lt(](L( lcktoeoj| pbkp pbj lnhej||onh fk`j ent pbj }zt}n|j| ne pbkp lbk}pjt lkhhnp dj z|j` npbjtqo|j( \ohlj ikock`kckp| `n hnp enccnq pbkp }tnlj`ztj# pbj }to|nhjt| lnzc` dj }tjizòlj`( Bnqjujt# pbjtj o| hn ghnqh lk|j qbjtj pbo|bk| bk}}jhj` kh` pbj }to|nh neeolokc| ohòlkpj` pbkp pbo| qk| boabcy zhcogjcy(

\ohlj ikoc k`kckp| ktj djoha lnh`zlpj` nh pbj dk|o| ne ohentfkc otjlponh| qopbnzp khy }tnlj`ztj j|pkdco|bj` dy ckq#

pbjy ktj ktazkdcy zhlnh|popzponhkc( Ktpolcj 4; fkh`kpj| pbkp hn nhj lkh dj j}touj` ne pbjot codjtpy qopbnzp }tnlj`ztjj|pkdco|bj` dy ckq( Pbj ikoc k`kckp| z|j kh k` bnl }tnlj`ztj# qbolb o| hjopbjt oh kllnt`khlj qopb tjazckt ptokc|# hnt qopb }cjk dktakohoha }tnlj`ztj| nt |zffkty ptokc|( _jp# pbjy tjlnt` lnhuolponh| kh` |jhpjhlj }jn}cj pn of}to|nhfjhpjopbjt ent pbj }jton` kctjk`y zh`jtanhj nt ent |nfj eztpbjt }jton`( Pbj tj|jktlb tjlnt`j` kp cjk|p nhj lk|j qbjtj pbj}to|nhjt qk| |jhpjhlj` ent pbtjj yjkt|(?2

Pbj ikoc k`kckp| lkh dj boabcy ò|ltofohkpnty qbjtjdy pbj }nnt }to|nhjt| qbn `n hnp ajp k`j{zkpj cjakc ko` nt ktjzhkdcj pn }tn`zlj |ztjpy ktj lnjtlj` pn lnh|o`jt }cjkòha azocpy# pn ajp nzp ne pbj n}}tj||oha jhuotnhfjhp ne k}to|nh( Oh Czlghnq @o|ptolp ]to|nh# "|jj Khhjrztj J/ pbj \z}jtohpjh`jhp lnheotfj` pbkp pbj }to|nhjt| djoha }tnlj||j`pbtnzab ikoc k`kckp| djcnha pn pbj jlnhnfolkccy fktaohkco|j |jlponh| ne pbj |nlojpy( Pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp ne Ohòk bk|nd|jtuj` pbkp –pbo| foabp oh`zlj kh ohhnljhp kllz|j` pn }cjk` azocpy pn |zeejt k coabp kh` ohlnh|j{zjhpokc }zho|bfjhp




tkpbjt pbkh an pbtnzab k cnha kt`znz| ltofohkc ptokc‥‖(?? Djlkz|j ne pbj qky pbj|j k`kckp| n}jtkpj oh }tklpolj# pbjyuonckpj pbj lnh|popzponhkc azktkhpjj| ne j{zkcopy djentj pbj ckq kh` lkhhnp dj tjakt`j` k| ekot# iz|p kh` tjk|nhkdcj(

Oe pbj Hkponhkc @tkep ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc K`foho|ptkponh o| k`n}pj`# pbj jhlnztkajfjhp pn}cjk` azocpy qocc dj nzdcy ohltjk|j`( Pbj `tkep tjlnffjh`| pbj k`òponh ne k |jlponh <=:&D pn pbj Lt(](L( }tnuoòhaent fkh`kpnty fkrofzf |jhpjhlj nh lnhuolponh oh lnhpj|pj` lk|j|(;== Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh tjlnaho|j` pbkp pbj ?:}jt ljhp kl{zoppkc tkpj oh ltofohkc ptokc| fjkh| pbkp kh kllz|j` anoha pn ptokc qopb lnzh|jc qnzc` ajhjtkccy jr}jlpkl{zoppkc9

‒‥tolb# oheczjhpokc kh` qjcc ohentfj`&kllz|j` Wpbn|j kdcj pn keent` lnzh|jcV qnzc` |jc`nf zh`jtpkgj pbjto|g ne |nlokc kh` }jt|nhkc lnh|j{zjhlj| ne k lnhej||onh‟( Qopbnzp k`j{zkpj lnzh|jc# ‒op o| jujhpzkccy pbj}nnt qbn fky lnfj entqkt` pn fkgoha lnhej||onh| kh` |zeejt pbj lnhuolponh‟(;=;

Pbj Lnffo||onh bk` |zaaj|pj` |nfj |kejazkt | pn jh|ztj pbkp k azocpy }cjk o| dnpb unczhpkty kh` ohentfj`# hnhj ne qbolb jro|p oh pbj ikoc k`kckp |y|pjf( Pbj lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp |lbjfj |zaaj|pj` dy pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh qk| hjujt of}cjfjhpj`( Op azktkhpjj| kllj|| pn k ckqyjt kh` kh jr}ckhkponh pn pbj kllz|j` dy pbj ‒izòlokc neeoljt ‟ nt ‒lnffoppjjne pqn tjpotj` Boab Lnztp izàj|‟ ne pbj lnh|j{zjhlj| ne }cjkòha azocpy k| tjlnffjh`j` oh pbj tj}ntp( Pbj CkqLnffo||onh qk| lcjkt pbkp pbj lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp qnzc` dj ekot nhcy qbjh pbj|j lnhòponh| qjtj fjp( Hnpkdcy#pbj }cjk&dktakohoha }tnuo|onh| zh`jt pbj Lt(](L( kc|n azktkhpjj pbj|j fohofkc |kejazkt`|( Ikoc k`kckp|# bnqjujt# nhnp keent` khy |zlb |kejazkt`| kh` bkuj k |ptnha }npjhpokc pn uonckpj pbj dk|ol ekot ptokc azktkhpjj| k| qjcc k| pbjezh`kfjhpkc toabp| ne pbj zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|(

Ikoc K`kckp|9 K ]tklpolkc Qky pn Jh|ztj Iz|polj>

]tn}nhjhp| ne ikoc k`kckp ktazj pbkp `zj pn pbj dklgcna ne lk|j| oh lnztp|# k cktaj hzfdjt ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt||zeejt oh }to|nh| ent cjhapby }jton` ne pofj kqkopoha ptokc( Pbjy fky nt fky hnp dj azocpy ne pbj neejhlj pbjy ktj lbktajènt( Bnqjujt# gjj}oha pbjf oh ikoc qk|pj| }zdcol fnhjy k| qjcc k| bk| |jujtj of}colkponh| nh pbjot }jt|nhkc kh`}tnej||onhkc couj|( Pbj jh`jfol jcky oh izòlokc }tnljjòha| kh` dklgcna ne lk|j| o| jj}cy tnnpj`# kh` lkhhnp djtj|ncuj` nujthoabp( Ikoc k`kckp| }tnuo`j k tj|}opj dy tjcjk|oha pbjf etnf pbj }to|nh oh k |bntp |}kh ne pofj( Pbjy aoujpbjf kh n}}ntpzhopy pn |kuj pofj kh` fnhjy# kh` jkth k lnhlj||onh oh pbj entf ne k cj|| |jtonz| |jhpjhlj(

Pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh lnh|o`jt| pbj }tklpolj ne lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp ne neejh`jt| `j|otkdcj k| pbj lnttjlponhkc}tnlj|| |pktp| offjòkpjcy kepjt lnhuolponh(;=4 Op o| kùkhpkajnz| ent dnpb pbj |pkpj kh` pbj kllz|j`# pn kuno` pbj}n||odocopy ne fkrofzf |jhpjhlj kzpbnto|j` dy ckq( Pbj kfjh`fjhp pn pbj Lt(](L( ohptn`zloha pbj lbk}pjt nh }cjk&dktakohoha o| kc|n dk|j` nh pbo| }tjfo|j(

Pbn|j oh ekunzt ne ikoc k`kckp| ktazj pbkp cogj khy npbjt hjqcy ohptn`zlj` |lbjfj# pbj fjlbkho|f ne ikoc k`kckp| kc|nbk| op| acoplbj|( Qj |bnzc` enlz| nh tjfnuoha pbj jro|poha ekzcp| oh pbj ikoc k`kckp| kh` hnp pbtnq pbj dkdy qopb pbjdkpb qkpjt# |n pn |ky( Op o| jk|y ent pbn|j qbn ktj hnp |zeejtoha pbj kocy bkt`|bo}| ne }to|nh jhuotnhfjhp pn }tj|| ent cnha&pjtf lbkhaj| pbkp qnzc` |}jj` z} pbj tjazckt ptokc|( Hn nhj `jhoj| pbkp pbo| fz|p dj `nhj( Bnqjujt# oh pbjfjkhqbocj# pbj }nnt kh` n}}tj||j` lnhpohzj pn |zeejt(

\kejazkt`| lnzc` dj dzocp oh pbj ikoc k`kckp |y|pjf( Ckqyjt| lnzc` dj kccnqj` oh pbj|j }tnljjòha| kh` izàj| lnzc` djfkh`kpj` pn jh|ztj pbkp pbj lnhej||onh| ktj unczhpkty( Oe pbj }tndcjf qopb ikoc k`kckp| o| pbkp pbjtj o| hn lnh|o|pjhly oh}tnlj`ztj kltn|| pbj lnzhpty nt pbkp pbjy ktj qopbnzp khy |pkpzpnty dk|o|# pbo| lkh dj lztj` pbtnzab cjao|ckponh( Oe pbj

ndijlponh kakoh|p pbj|j k`kckp| o| pbkp pbjy cjk` pn k tjlnt` ne lnhuolponh cjkòha pn |zd|j{zjhp bktk||fjhp dy pbj}ncolj# pbjh pbo| lnzc` dj k``tj||j` dy kùnlkpoha pbj z|j ne ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2 "|jj Khhjrztj O/( Pbo|ckq kccnq| pbj lnztp pn tjcjk|j kepjt k`fnhoponh & oh|pjk` ne |jhpjhloha & eot|p pofj neejh`jt| kllz|j` ne neejhlj|}zho|bkdcj qopb pqn yjkt| of}to|nhfjhp(;=< Oh npbjt lk|j|# op kc|n kccnq| pbj lnztp| pn |z|}jh` pbj |jhpjhlj ne pbjkllz|j`# kh` tjcjk|j pbjf z}nh jrjlzponh ne k dnh`# qopb nt qopbnzp |ztjpoj|# pn k}}jkt kh` tjljouj |jhpjhlj qbjhlkccj`(;=0 Oh pbj fjkhqbocj# pbj }jt|nh fz|p gjj} }jklj kh` dj ne ann` djbkuonzt( Pbj ckq |pkpj| pbkp pbj }jt|nh| jkcpqopb zh`jt jopbjt ne pbj|j }tnuo|onh| –|bkcc hnp |zeejt ò|{zkcoeolkponh# oe khy# kppklboha pn k lnhuolponh ne kh neejhljzh`jt |zlb ckq‖( ;=: Pbj z|j ne pbo| ckq qocc pkgj lktj ne fn|p ne pbj ndijlponh| tko|j` kakoh|p pbj z|j ne ikoc k`kckp|(




Lnhlcz|onh %Lnhlcz|onh %Lnhlcz|onh %Lnhlcz|onh %Lnhlcz|onh %TTTTTjlnffjh`kponh|jlnffjh`kponh|jlnffjh`kponh|jlnffjh`kponh|jlnffjh`kponh|

Djynh` ]Djynh` ]Djynh` ]Djynh` ]Djynh` ]kplb&z}kplb&z}kplb&z}kplb&z}kplb&z}Tjfjòj|Tjfjòj|Tjfjòj|Tjfjòj|Tjfjòj|




–Ikoc k`kckp| zh`jtfohj| ekot ptokc

toabp| kh` qjkgjh| pbj

}tj|zf}ponh ne ohhnljhlj#

jhlnztkaoha kh` jujh oh`zloha

azocpy }cjk|# kh` k lnh|j{zjhp

ltofohkc bo|pnty qopb pbj pbtjkp ne

kh zh`jpjtfohj` |pky oh }to|nh‖(




Lnhlcz|onh

Pbj ltofohkc iz|polj |y|pjf bk| ekocj` pbj }nnt( Op tjez|j| pn tjcjk|j pbjf nh dkoc djlkz|j ne op| ‒}tn}jtpy ntojhpj`k}}tnklb‟ kh` op o| zhkdcj pn pty pbjf qopboh k tjk|nhkdcj pofj( Ikoc k`kckp| kh` npbjt |zlb }ktkccjc |y|pjf| ktj# oheklp# eklj |kuoha jrjtlo|j|( Tjkco|oha pbkp |pkpo|pol| |bnq k ò|fkc }olpztj ne pbj ltofohkc iz|polj |y|pjf# pbj |pkpjkajhloj| ohlczòha pbj izòlokty ktj ptyoha pbjot dj|p pn tjpkoh |nfj |jfdckhlj ne ltjòdocopy( Fjlbkho|f| cogj ikock`kckp| hnp nhcy tj`zlj pbj zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh kh` nujtltnqòha oh }to|nh|# dzp kc|n of}tnuj pbj nujtkcc lnhuolponh

tkpj( Anujthfjhp o| bk}}y djlkz|j op| ohpjthkponhkc ofkaj o| of}tnuj`( Izòlokty o| bk}}y djlkz|j op lkh |bnq khohltjk|j` tkpj ne o|}n|kc ne lk|j| k| qjcc k| lnhuolponh( Pbj }nnt }to|nhjt| ktj bk}}y iz|p djlkz|j pbjy lnfj nzp|o`jpbj }to|nh( Pbjy n hnp bkuj k lbnolj( Pbjy ktj jhoj` khy tjkco|pol kcpjthkpouj( Aoujh pbj uj|pj` ohpjtj|p|# qbn qocc{zj|ponh pbj oczponh ne pbj ekot ptokc azktkhpjj|>

Pbj tj}ntp eoh`| ikoc k`kckp| k }tndcjfkpol kcpjthkpouj ent tj`zloha nujtltnqòha kh` k``tj||oha pbj }tndcjf ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|( Ktazkdcy# pbj|j k`kckp| }tnuo`j kh n}}ntpzhopy pn }to|nhjt| ent |}jj`y o|}n|kc ne lk|j| kh` ent pbjot offjòkpj tjcjk|j qbjtj pbjy ktj |jhpjhlj` pn pofj kctjk`y |jtuj`( Bnqjujt# pbjy ktj qjkg nh khy zj }tnlj||nt ekot ptokc azktkhpjj| keent`j` pn pbj kllz|j` & ckqyjt| ktj hnp }tj|jhp7 }to|nhjt| ktj aoujh coppcj nt hn cjakc kùolj7kh` pbj jrpjhp ne pbj izòlokty‟| jrkfohkponh ne pbj|j lk|j| o| {zj|ponhkdcj( Pbo| }tnlj|| zh`jtfohj| ekot ptokc toabp|kh` qjkgjh| pbj }tj|zf}ponh ne ohhnljhlj# jhlnztkaoha kh` jujh oh`zloha azocpy }cjk|# kh` k lnh|j{zjhp ltofohkcbo|pnty qopb pbj pbtjkp ne kh zh`jpjtfohj` |pky oh }to|nh(

\bntp&lzp fjlbkho|f| cogj pbj ikoc k`kckp| ktj k `khajtnz| ptjh`( Pbjy cnqjt pbj dkt oh nt`jt pn kllnffn`kpj k`y|ezhlponhkc ltofohkc iz|polj |y|pjf( Pbjy dy}k|| kh` oahntj pbj fkint }tndcjf| oh pbj izòlokc |y|pjf# lnh|popzpohak }kplb&py}j tjfj`y ne kcpjthkpouj WqjkgjtV iz|polj jcoujty pbkp pbjh djlnfj| pbj |pkh`kt` ent pbj }nnt( Pbjy n hnpk``tj|| pbj |ptzlpztkc kh` |y|pjfol }tndcjf| pbkp lnhptodzpj pn pbj }tndcjf ne nujt&tj}tj|jhpkponh ne zh`jt&ptokc}to|nhjt|( Oh|pjk`# pbjy ptjkp pbj |yf}pnf tkpbjt pbkh pbj lkz|j# pbjtjdy }jt}jpzkpoha pbj }tndcjf(

Pbo| |pz`y lnhlcz`j| pbkp pbjtj o| hn kcpjthkpouj pn cnha&pjtf tjentf ne pbj izòlokc }tnlj|| qbjtjdy dkoc| ktj codjtkco|j`kh` ptokc| ktj lnf}cjpj` qopboh k |bntp }jton` ne pofj( Pbjtj o| hn tjk|nh qby }jppy neejh`jt| |bnzc` dj oh }to|nh| ent k cnha pofj( Oe pbjy ktj# pbjy |bnzc` jopbjt dj tjcjk|j` nh dkoc# nt o|lbktaj`# j}jhòha z}nh pbj neejhlj( Qbjtj pbj}to|nhjt| ktj qoccoha pn }cjk` azocpy# pbjy |bnzc` dj jkcp qopb zh`jt pbj jro|poha cjakc }tnuo|onh|( \}jlokc lnztp| fkydj lnh|popzpj` pn jkc qopb }jppy neejhlj|# dzp pbj }tnlj`ztj |bnzc` dj nhj j|pkdco|bj` dy ckq kh` |bnzc` lnhentf pnekot ptokc azktkhpjj|(

Tjlnffjh`kponh|

LBTO djcojuj| pbkp zj pn pbj zhlnh|popzponhkc hkpztj kh` uonckponh ne ekot ptokc azktkhpjj|# pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp|#k| op jro|p|# |bnzc` dj o|lnhpohzj` kh` lnf}cjpjcy nhj kqky qopb( Pbj tjlnffjh`kponh| ent oeejtjhp pktajp atnz}|djcnq# bnqjujt# pkgj ohpn kllnzhp pbj eklp pbkp pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| fky lnhpohzj oh |nfj entf nt pbj npbjt djlkz|j ne pbj }tj||ztj pn tj`zlj pbj zh`jt&ptokc }n}zckponh oh }to|nh|(

Oe pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp| o| lnhpohzj`# ljtpkoh fohofzf |kejazkt`| |bnzc` dj of}cjfjhpj`( Pbjtj o| qo`j&|}tjk`cklg ne ghnqcjàj kdnzp pbj |ln}j kh` fkh`kpj ne ikoc k`kckp| jujh kfnha|p pbn|j qbn ntakho|j pbj|j k`kckp|(]tnlj`ztj| bkuj hnp djjh fk`j jr}colop( Pbj }tklpolj uktoj| kltn|| |pkpj| kh` kltn|| ò|ptolp| qopboh k |pkpj( Khy|y|pjf ne ikoc k`kckp| fz|p k``tj|| pbj jro|poha ohlnh|o|pjhloj|# kh` jh|ztj pbkp ekot ptokc toabp| ne pbj kllz|j` ktj hnplnf}tnfo|j`(

Pbj Anujthfjhp Fz|p9

․ @jltofohkco|j |nfj }jppy neejhlj| "jrkf}cj| ohlcz`j khpo&ukatkhly kh` djaaoha ckq| pbkp ltofohkco|j }nujtpy/7․ Lztpkoc pbj qo`j }nqjt| ne kttj|p ne pbj }ncolj# j|}jlokccy oh pbj lk|j ne }jppy neejhlj|7․ Eocc uklkhp }n|oponh| ne izòlokc neeoljt|7․ @juo|j k fjlbkho|f ent }tn}jt of}cjfjhpkponh ne pbj ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp ;?:2 ohlczòha |ptjhapbjhoha

pbj ohetk|ptzlpztj ne }tndkponh |jtuolj|7․ Jh|ztj ekot ptokc azktkhpjj|7 kh`․ ]zp oh }cklj fjlbkho|f| pn fnhopnt



:= CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

k( pbj izòlokc }tklpolj ne atkhpoha dkoc|7 kh`d( pbj ezhlponhoha ne ikoc k`kckp|

Pbj ]to|nh @j}ktpfjhp Fz|p9

․ Tjazcktcy tjuojq pbj co|p ne zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| of}to|nhj` ent }jppy neejhlj| kh` entqkt` pn pbj \C\K# kh` pbjò|ptolp kh` |j||onh| izàj ent k}}tn}tokpj klponh7

․

Ohentf }to|nhjt| kdnzp pbj lnh|j{zjhlj| ne }cjkòha azocpy# djentj kllj}poha pbjot k}}colkponh ent ikoc k`kckp|7kh`․ Ptkoh kh` |jh|opo|j }to|nh neeoljt| nh }tnlj`ztj| oh jkcoha qopb }to|nhjt| qoccoha pn k`fop azocp(

Pbj Izòlokty Fz|p9

․ Codjtkco|j dkoc }tnlj`ztj| & k|g ent }jt|nhkc dnh` oh|pjk` ne fnhjpkty |ztjpy7․ ]zp }tnlj`ztj| oh }cklj pn jh|ztj pbkp }to|nhjt| ktj }cjkòha azocpy unczhpktocy kepjt zh`jt|pkhòha pbj lnh|j{zjhlj|

ne |zlb k }cjk7․ Lcjktcy `jeohj }jppy neejhlj|7․ Jh|ztj pbkp ikoc k`kckp| enccnq }tnlj`ztj| j|pkdco|bj` dy ckq7․ Jh|ztj pbkp ekot ptokc toabp| ne pbj kllz|j` ktj hnp lnf}tnfo|j` “ pbkp pbjy bkuj kllj|| pn ckqyjt| kh` pbjot ptokc

o| }zdcol oh hkpztj7․ Jh|ztj pbkp ikoc k`kckp| ktj n}jh lnztp|# kllj||odcj pn pbj }zdcol kh` ckqyjt|7 kh`․ Ptkoh pbj fkao|ptkpj| nh }tnlj`ztj| pn dj z|j` qbjh bncòha ikoc k`kckp|# ohlczòha pbj }tnlj`ztj| zh`jt pbj

]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2(

Pbj \pkpj Cjakc \jtuolj| Kzpbntopy "\C\K/ Fz|p9

․ Jh|ztj pbkp ckqyjt| ktj }tnuo`j` pn kcc }to|nhjt|7․ Jh|ztj pbkp pbj cjakc ko` ckqyjt|9

k( }tnuo`j kh` k||o|p }to|nhjt| qopb cjakc kcpjthkpouj| pn ikoc k`kckp|7d( lnzh|jc pbj }to|nhjt| kdnzp pbj of}colkponh| ne }cjkòha azocpy7 kh`l( ktj }tj|jhp ztoha ikoc k`kckp |j||onh|(

․ ]zp oh }cklj fjlbkho|f| pn fnhopnt pbj {zkcopy ne lnzh|jccoha kh` |jtuolj }tnuo`j` pn pbj }to|nhjt| dy pbjot

ckqyjt|(



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ :;



:4 CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ

Acn||ktyAcn||ktyAcn||ktyAcn||ktyAcn||kty



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ :<

Dkoc9Dkoc9Dkoc9Dkoc9Dkoc9 Fnhjpkty kfnzhp ent nt lnhòponh ne }tj&ptokc tjcjk|j etnf lz|pn`y# hntfkccy |jp dy k izàj kp pbj ohopokck}}jktkhlj( "Dcklg‟| Ckq @olponhkty |orpb J`(/

Dkockdcj Neejhlj9Dkockdcj Neejhlj9Dkockdcj Neejhlj9Dkockdcj Neejhlj9Dkockdcj Neejhlj9 Khy neejhlj qbolb o| |bnqh k| dkockdcj oh pbj Eot|p \lbj`zcj ne pbj Lt(](L(# nt qbolb o| fk`jdkockdcj dy khy npbjt ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj( Qbjh lbktaj` qopb pbj|j neejhlj|# k }jt|nh bk| k toabp pn djtjcjk|j` nh dkoc( "\jlponh 4"k/ Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1</

Lnf}nzh`kdcj Neejhlj9Lnf}nzh`kdcj Neejhlj9Lnf}nzh`kdcj Neejhlj9Lnf}nzh`kdcj Neejhlj9Lnf}nzh`kdcj Neejhlj9 Khy neejhlj oh qbolb pbj lnf}ckohkhp nt uolpof ne pbj neejhlj lkh `tn} pbj lbktaj|

kakoh|p pbj kllz|j`(

Lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9 Kh neejhlj.lk|j oh qbolb k }ncolj neeoljt lkh kttj|p qopbnzp k qkttkhp( "|jlponh 4"l/#Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj/

Hnh&dkockdcj Neejhlj9Hnh&dkockdcj Neejhlj9Hnh&dkockdcj Neejhlj9Hnh&dkockdcj Neejhlj9Hnh&dkockdcj Neejhlj9 Khy neejhlj qbolb o| |bnqh k| k hnh&dkockdcj neejhlj oh pbj Eot|p \lbj`zcj ne pbj Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj( Kcpbnzab dkoc o| hnp atkhpj` k| k fkppjt ne toabp oh pbj|j lk|j|# pbj jr}tj||onh –hnh&dkockdcj‖`nj| hnp of}cy pbkp dkoc lkhhnp dj aoujh( Lnztp| atkhp dkoc nh pbj fjtop| ne pbj lk|j(

Hnh&lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Hnh&lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Hnh&lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Hnh&lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9Hnh&lnahokdcj Neejhlj.Lk|j9 Kh neejhlj.lk|j oh qbolb k }ncolj neeoljt bk| hn kzpbntopy pn kttj|p qopbnzpqkttkhp( "|jlponh 4"c/ Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1</

Nllz}khly Tkpj9Nllz}khly Tkpj9Nllz}khly Tkpj9Nllz}khly Tkpj9Nllz}khly Tkpj9 Pbj hzfdjt ne ohfkpj| kllnffn`kpj` oh ikoc kakoh|p pbj kzpbnto|j` lk}klopy ne ;== ohfkpj|(

"Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/ ]to|nh \pkpo|pol|# }( oo# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|/

Nujtltnqòha9Nujtltnqòha9Nujtltnqòha9Nujtltnqòha9Nujtltnqòha9 Pbj nllz}khly tkpj ne fntj pbkh ;== }jt ljhp tj|zcp| oh nujtltnqòha oh pbj ikoc( "Hkponhkc LtofjTjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/ ]to|nh \pkpo|pol|# }( oo# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|/

]]]]]jt|nhkc Dnh`9jt|nhkc Dnh`9jt|nhkc Dnh`9jt|nhkc Dnh`9jt|nhkc Dnh`9 K entfkc qtoppjh katjjfjhp dy qbolb k }jt|nh zh`jtpkgj| pn }jtentf k ljtpkoh klp "|zlb k| k}}jkt oh lnztp nt ezceoc pbj ndcoakponh| ne k lnhptklp/ nt kd|pkoh etnf }jtentfoha kh klp "k| lnffoppoha k ltofj/ qopb pbjlnhòponh pbkp ekocztj pn }jtentf nt kd|pkoh qocc ndcoakpj pbj }jt|nh nt nepjh k |ztjpy pn }ky k |zf ne fnhjy nt qocctj|zcp oh entejopztj ne fnhjy }zp z} dy pbj }jt|nh nt |ztjpy( "Fjttokf Qjd|pjt @olponhkty ne Ckq/

]cjk&dktakohoha9]cjk&dktakohoha9]cjk&dktakohoha9]cjk&dktakohoha9]cjk&dktakohoha9 Pbj }tnlj|| qbjtjdy pbj kllz|j` kh` pbj }tn|jlzpnt oh k ltofohkc lk|j qntg nzp k fzpzkccy|kpo|eklpnty ò|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j |zdijlp pn lnztp k}}tnukc( "Dcklg‟| Ckq @olponhkty |orpb J (/ Oh Ohòk# }cjk&dktakohoha o| k }tnlj|| anujthj` dy lbk}pjt RRO K Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# qbolb kccnq| kh kllz|j` pn }cjk`

azocpy pn neejhlj| }zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp z} pn |jujh yjkt| oh jrlbkhaj ent tj`zlj` }zho|bfjhp( Pbj }tnlj||ohuncuj| pbj uolpof# }tn|jlzpnt# }ncolj kh` pbj kllz|j` pn qntg nzp k fzpzkccy |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j(

]]]]]jppy Neejhlj9jppy Neejhlj9jppy Neejhlj9jppy Neejhlj9jppy Neejhlj9 K fohnt ltofj# pbj fkrofzf }zho|bfjhp ent qbolb o| ajhjtkccy k eohj nt |bntp pjtf oh ikoc nt bnz|jnt lnttjlponh( "Dcklg‟| Ckq @olponhkty |orpb J`(/

\zffkty ]tnljjòha9\zffkty ]tnljjòha9\zffkty ]tnljjòha9\zffkty ]tnljjòha9\zffkty ]tnljjòha9 Khy }tnljjòha dy qbolb k lnhptnujt|y o| |jppcj`# lk|j ò|}n|j` ne# nt ptokc lnh`zlpj`# oh k}tnf}p kh` |of}cj fkhhjt‥(( Oh }tnlj`ztj# }tnljjòha| ktj |ko` pn dj |zffkty qbjh pbjy ktj |bntp kh` |of}cj ohlnf}kto|nh qopb tjazckt }tnljjòha|7 ja( Lnhlocokponh nt |fkcc lckof| lnztp }tnljjòha| k| lnhptk|pj` qopb z|zkclouoc ptokc( "Dcklg‟| Ckq @olponhkty |orpb J`(/

\zffnh|&lk|j9\zffnh|&lk|j9\zffnh|&lk|j9\zffnh|&lk|j9\zffnh|&lk|j9 K lk|j tjckpoha pn kh neejhlj ptokdcj |zffktocy kh` hnp djoha k qkttkhp&lk|j( "|jlponh 4"q/ Ln`jne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj Kfjh`fjhp Klp# 4==2/

\ztjpy9\ztjpy9\ztjpy9\ztjpy9\ztjpy9 Pbj Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj nj| hnp jeohj |ztjpy( Pbj pjtf lkh bkuj pqn fjkhoha|9;9 k entfkc jhakajfjhp "k| k }cjàj/ aoujh ent pbj ezceoccfjhp ne kh zh`jtpkgoha749 nhj "k| kh kllnffn`kponh }ktpy/ qbn }tnfo|j| pn kh|qjt ent pbj jdp nt jekzcp ne khnpbjt( "Fjttokf Qjd|pjt @olponhkty ne Ckq/

Zh`jt&ptokcZh`jt&ptokcZh`jt&ptokcZh`jt&ptokcZh`jt&ptokc ]]]]]to|nhjt|9to|nhjt|9to|nhjt|9to|nhjt|9to|nhjt|9 K }jt|nh gj}p oh }to|nh "izòlokc lz|pn`y/ qbocj pbj lbktaj| kakoh|p bof ktj djoha ptoj`("Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/ ]to|nh \pkpo|pol|# }( oo# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|/ Oh Ohòk# tjfkh` }to|nhjt| ktjkc|n ptjkpj` k| zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt| jujh pbnzab oh |zlb lk|j|# pbj }ncolj bk| hnp eocj` k lbktaj&|bjjp kh` hn lk|j| o|djoha ptoj` kp pbj fnfjhp( Pkfoc Hk`z o| kh jrlj}ponh qbjtj tjfkh` }to|nhjt| ktj hnp lnzhpj` oh zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|(

QQQQQkttkhp|kttkhp|kttkhp|kttkhp|kttkhp|&&&&&lk|j9lk|j9lk|j9lk|j9lk|j9 K lk|j tjckpoha pn kh neejhlj }zho|bkdcj qopb `jkpb# of}to|nhfjhp ent coej nt of}to|nhfjhp ent kpjtf jrljjòha pbtjj yjkt|( "|jlponh 4"r/ Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj Kfjh`fjhp Klp# 4==2/



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ ::

K Cjppjt dy Lboje Iz|polj K(\(Khkh` "Hnu ;???/ tjlnffjh`oha pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp|

D Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Izcy 4===/ pn bnc` ikock`kckp|

L Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Ikh 4==;/ tjfoh`oha pnbnc` ikoc k`kckp|

@ ]tnlj`ztj ent \zffkty PtokcLbk}pjt RRO# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj ";?1</

J K}}colkponh ent ikoc k`kckp z|j` oh Czlghnq @o|ptolp ]to|nh

E @jeohoponh ne ‒}jppy neejhlj‟9 Fktkpbo lotlzckt o||zj` dy OA "]to|nh|/#Fkbktk|bptk ent Kftkukpo Ljhptkc ]to|nh

A Khkcy|o| ne pbj Fktkpbo lotlzckt

B [zj|ponhhkotj

O \kf}cj TPO k}}colkponh tj{zj|poha ohentfkponh }jtpkohoha pn ikoc k`kckp|

I Pbj ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2

G ]cjk Dktakohoha9 Lbk}pjt RROK# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj ";?1</




Cjppjt dy Lboje Iz|polj K(\(Khkh`"Hnu ;???/ tjlnffjh`oha pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp|

Khhjrztj K



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ :1

Khhjrztj K




Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne

Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Izcy 4===/ pn bnc` ikoc k`kckp|

Khhjrztj D



CODJTP_ KP PBJ LN\P NE OHHNLJHLJ :?

Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne

Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "Ikh 4==;/ tjfoh oha pn bnc ikoc k`kckp|

Khhjrztj L




45= ]nqjt pn pty |zffktocy( “ ";/ Hnpqopb|pkhòha khypboha lnhpkohj` oh pbo| Ln`j&

"k/ khy Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj7

"d/ khy Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj7

"l/ khy Fkao|ptkpj ne pbj eot|p lck|| |}jlokccy jf}nqjtj` oh pbo| djbkce dy pbj Boab Lnztp# fky# oe bj pbohg| eop# pty

oh k |zffkty qky kcc nt khy ne pbj enccnqoha neejhlj|9&

"o/ neejhlj| hnp }zho|bkdcj qopb jkpb# of}to|nhfjhp ent coej nt of}to|nhfjhp ent k pjtf jrljj oha pqn yjkt|7

"oo/ pbjep# zh`jt |jlponh <1?# |jlponh <2= nt |jlponh <2; nt pbj Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j "0: ne ;25=/# qbjtj pbj ukczj

ne }tn}jtpy |pncjh nj| hnp jrljj` pqn pbnz|kh` tz}jj|7

"ooo/ tjljouoha nt tjpkohoha |pncjh }tn}jtpy# zh`jt |jlponh 0;; ne pbj Oh okh ]jhkc Ln`j "0: ne ;25=/# qbjtj pbj

ukczj ne pbj }tn}jtpy nj| hnp jrljj` pqn pbnz|kh` tz}jj|7

"ou/ k||o|poha oh pbj lnhljkcfjhp nt o|}n|kc ne |pncjh }tn}jtpy# zh`jt |jlponh 0;0 ne pbj Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j "0:

ne ;25=/ qbjtj pbj ukczj ne |zlb }tn}jtpy nj| hnp jrljj` pqn pbnz|kh` tz}jj|7

"u/ neejhlj| zh`jt |jlponh| 0:0 kh` 0:5 ne pbj Oh okh ]jhkc Ln`j "0: ne ;25=/7

"uo/ oh|zcp qopb ohpjhp pn }tnungj k dtjklb ne pbj }jklj# zh`jt |jlponh :=0 kh` ltofohkc ohpofo`kponh }zho|bkdcj

qopb of}to|nhfjhp ent k pjtf qbolb fky jrpjh` pn pqn yjkt|# nt qopb eohj# nt qopb dnpb# zh`jt |jlponh :=5

Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j "0: ne ;25=/7

"uoo/ kdjpfjhp ne khy ne pbj entjanoha neejhlj|7

"uooo/ kh kppjf}p pn lnffop khy ne pbj entjanoha neejhlj|# qbjh |zlb kppjf}p o| kh neejhlj7

"or/ khy neejhlj lnh|popzpj` dy kh klp oh tj|}jlp ne qbolb k lnf}ckohp fky dj fk`j zh`jt |jlponh 4= oe pbj

Lkppcj&Ptj|}k|| Klp# ;21; "; ne ;21;/(

"4/ Qbjh# oh pbj lnzt|j ne k |zffkty ptokc op k}}jkt| pn pbj Fkao|ptkpj pbkp pbj hkpztj ne pbj lk|j o| |zlb pbkp op o|

zh`j|otkdcj pn pty op |zffktocy# pbj Fkao|ptkpj |bkcc tjlkcc khy qophj|| qbn fky bkuj djjh jrkfohj` kh` }tnljj` pn

tj&bjkt# pbj lk|j oh pbj fkhhjt }tnuo`j` dy pbo| Ln`j(

]tnlj`ztj ent \zffkty Ptokc

Lbk}pjt RRO# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj ";?1</#

Khhjrztj @




454 ]tnlj`ztj ent |zffkty ptokc|

";/ Oh ptokc| zh`jt pbo| Lbk}pjt# pbj }tnlj`ztj |}jloeoj` oh pbj Ln`j ent pbj ptokc ne |zffnh| &lk|j |bkcc dj enccnqj`

jrlj}p k| bjtjohkepjt fjhponhj`(

"4/ Hn |jhpjhlj ne of}to|nhfjhp ent k pjtf jrljjòha pbtjj fnhpb| |bkcc dj }k||j` oh pbj lk|j ne khy lnhuolponh

zh`jt pbo| Lbk}pjt(

45<( Tjlnt` oh |zffkty ptokc|(& Oh jujty lk|j ptoj` |zffktocy# pbj Fkao|ptkpj |bkcc jhpjt# oh |zlb entf k| pbj \pkpj

Anujthfjhp fky otjlp# pbj enccnqoha }ktpolzckt|# hkfjcy9&

"k/ pbj |jtokc hzfdjt ne pbj lk|j7

"d/ pbj kpj ne pbj lnffo||onh ne pbj neejhlj7

"l/ pbj kpj ne pbj tj}ntp ne lnf}ckohp7

" / pbj hkfj ne pbj lnf}ckohkhp " oe khy/7

"j/ pbj hkfj# }ktjhpkaj kh` tj|o`jhlj ne pbj kllz|j`7

"e/ pbj neejhlj lnf}ckohj` ne kh` pbj neejhlj "oe khy/ }tnuj # kh` oh lk|j| lnfoha zh`jt lckz|j "oo/# lckz|j "ooo/

nt lckz|j "ou/ ne |zd&|jlponh ";/ ne |jlponh 45=# pbj ukczj ne pbj }tn}jtpy oh tj|}jlp ne qbolb pbj neejhlj bk|

djjh lnffoppj`7

"a/ pbj }cjk ne pbj kllz|j` kh` bo| jrkfohkponh "oe khy/7

"b/ pbj eohòha9

"o/ pbj |jhpjhlj nt pbj npbjt eohkc nt`jt7

"i/ pbj kpj nh qbolb }tnljj oha| pjtfohkpj (

450( Izàfjhp oh lk|j| ptoj` |zffktocy(& Oh jujty lk|j ptoj` |zffktocy oh qbolb pbj kllz|j` nj| hnp }cjk` azocpy# pbj

Fkao|ptkpj |bkcc tjlnt` pbj |zd|pkhlj ne pbj juo`jhlj kh` k izàfjhp lnhpkohoha k dtoje |pkpjfjhp ne pbj tjk|nh| ent

pbj eohòha(

45:( Ckhazkaj ne tjlnt` kh` izàjfjhp

";/ Jujty |zlb tjlnt` kh` izàfjhp |bkcc dj qtoppjh oh pbj ckhazkaj ne pbj Lnztp(

"4/ Pbj Boab Lnztp fky kzpbntoj khy Fkao|ptkpj jf}nqjtj` pn pty neejhlj| |zffktocy pn }tj}ktj pbj kentj|ko` tjlnt`

nt izàfjhp nt dnpb dy fjkh| ne kh neeoljt k}}nohpj` oh pbo| djbkce dy pbj Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj# kh` pbj tjlnt`

nt izàfjhp |n }tj}ktj` |bkcc dj |oahj` dy |zlb Fkao|ptkpj(

Khhjrztj @




K}}colkponh ent ikoc k`kckp z|j` oh

Czlghnq @o|ptolp ]to|nh

Khhjrztj J




Khhjrztj J




@jeohoponh ne ‒}jppy neejhlj‟9

Fktkpbo lotlzckt o||zj` dy OA "]to|nh|/# Fkbktk|bptk ent Kftkukpo Ljhptkc ]to|nh

Khhjrztj E




O]L \jlponh|9O]L \jlponh|9O]L \jlponh|9O]L \jlponh|9O]L \jlponh|9;<1# ;0=# ;:0# ;::# ;:5# ;5=# ;14# ;1;"J/# ;1;"F/# ;1;"O/# ;14# ;1<# ;10# ;1:# ;15# ;2=# ;20# ;2:# ;25# ;21#;22# 45<"K/# 411# 412# 42<# 4?=# 4?0# <<0# <<5# <:4# <:2# 045# 002# 02?"J/# 0?=# :;=

\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh| Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj. Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj. Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Hnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcj Hnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcj Of}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhp

;:: Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj Eohj

02?"J/ Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( ;==

0?= Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( ;==

45<"K/ Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( 4==

42< Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( 4==

4?= Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( 4==

;<1 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( :==

;1; "B/ Hnh&lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( :==

;1;"c/ Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( :==

412 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( :==

;:5 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( ;===

;:0 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( ;===

:;= Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj 40 bnzt|

;5= Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj T|( ;==. Nhj fnhpb

;14 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; fnhpb

<:2 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; fnhpb

<<0 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; fnhpb


;1< Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; fnhpb



;2: Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; fnhpb


;22 Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; fnhpb

;0= Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

045 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

Khkcy|o| ne pbj Fktkpbo Lotlzckt

Khhjrztj A




\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh| Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj.Lnahokdcj. Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj.Dkockdcj. Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Eohj kfnzhp.Hnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcjHnh&lnahokdcj Hnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcjHnh&dkockdcj Of}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhp

;1; Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

;2= Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

;25 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

411 Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

4?0 Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

<<5 Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

<:4 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj < fnhpb|

;1: Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj 5 fnhpb|

;15 Hnh Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj 5 fnhpb|

002 Lnahokdcj Dkockdcj ; yjkt

Hn( ne \jlponh|Hn( ne \jlponh|Hn( ne \jlponh|Hn( ne \jlponh|Hn( ne \jlponh| ]zho|bkdcj Dy]zho|bkdcj Dy]zho|bkdcj Dy]zho|bkdcj Dy]zho|bkdcj Dy

;4 Eohj

; 40 bnzt ohlktljtkponh

;; ; fnhpb ohlktljtkponh

? < fnhpb| ohlktljtkponh

4 5 fnhpb| ohlktljtkponh

; ; yjkt ohlktljtkponh

<5<5<5<5<5

\jlponh| zh`jt pbj Dnfdky ]ncolj Klp# ;?:; lnh|o`jtj` k| ]jppy Neejhlj|

\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh|\jlponh| Eohj "T|(/Eohj "T|(/Eohj "T|(/Eohj "T|(/Eohj "T|(/ Of}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhpOf}to|nhfjhp

;;1 ]jhkcpoj| ent neejh`jt| zh`jt |jlponh| ?? pn ;;5 ;4== H.K

;;2 "o/ ]jhkcpy ent ekocztj pn gjj} oh lnheohjfjhp# lkppcj# jpl 0=== Nhj fnhpb

;;? ]zho|bfjhp ent ltzjcpy pn khofkc| 4:== Nhj fnhpb

;4= Qocezc ptj|}k|| 4:== ; fnhpb

;4; Ekc|j kcktf ne eotj nt kfkaj pn eotj&kcktf <=== < fnhpb|

;44 Djoha enzh` zh`jt |z|}olonz| lotlzf|pkhlj|djpqjjh |zh|jp kh` |zhto|j ;=== ; yjkt





;4< Lkttyoha qjk}nh qopbnzp kzpbntopy ;4:== H.K

;40 ]n||j||onh ne }tn}jtpy ne qbolb hn |kpo|eklpnty :=== ; yjkt kllnzhp lkh dj aoujh

;4: Pkgoha |}otop| ohpn }zdcol bn|}opkc| nt ohpn dkttklg| <=== 4 fnhpb|nt nh dnkt`| ne uj||jc| ne qkt

;45 Nfo||onh dy }kqh&dtngjt|# jpl( pn tj}ntp pn 4=== H.K }ncolj }n||j||onh nt pjh`jt ne }tn}jtpy|z|}jlpj` pn dj |pncjh

;42 Pkgoha }cj`aj etnf lboc` 4=== H.K

;4? ]jtfo||onh ne o|nt`jtcy lnh`zlp kp }cklj| ne 4:== H.K }zdcol kfz|jfjhp# jpl(

;<="K/ Akfdcoha oh |ptjjp 4:== H.K

;<; ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhoha tzcj|# jpl(# Tkhaoha etnf Tkhaoha etnfzh`jt |jlponh <<( :== pn ;4#:== 2 ky & 5 fnhpb|

;<;"K/ ]jhkcpy ent hnp ndpkohoha coljh|j‥ Tkhaoha etnf ; fnhpb4=== pn :===

;<4 ]jhkcpy ent o|ndj`ojhlj pn nt`jt zh`jt |jlponh <; :=== < fnhpb|

;<< ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhoha tzcj|# jpl(# zh`jt |jlponh <: :=== < fnhpb|

;<0 ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhponh ne tzcj jpl(# :=== H.K zh`jt |jlponh <5

<1 t(q( ;<:"oo/ ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhponh ne tzcj| nt otjlponh| 4=:== kh` ; fnhpbkh` "ooo/ zh`jt |jlponh <1 4:==

;<5 ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhoha tzcj| jpl(# zh`jt |jlponh <2 :=== < fnhpb|

;<2 @jcjpj` dy Fkb( 42 ne ;?50# |(? H.K H.K

;<? ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhponh ne k tjazckponh fk`j 4:== < fnhpb|zh`jt |jlponh 0<

;0= ]jhkcpy ent lnhptkujhoha otjlponh| zh`jt |jlponh 52 :== H.K

;00 Hjacjlp nt tjez|kc pn |jtuj k| k \}jlokc ]ncolj Neeoljt 4== H.K

;0: ]jhkcpy ent fkgoha ekc|j |pkpjfjhp# jpl(# kh` ent ;== < fnhpb|fo|lnh`zlp ne ]ncolj neeoljt|

;05 ]jhkcpy ent ekocztj pn jcoujt z} ljtpoeolkpj ne 4== ; fnhpbk}}nohpfjhp nt ne neeolj nt npbjt ktpolcj

;0? ]jhkcpy ent n}}n|oha nt hnp lnf}cyoha qopb otjlponh Kc|n cokdcj ; yjkt aoujh zh`jt |jlponh 1= pn eohj

;:;"K/ \zffkty o|}n|kc ne ljtpkoh lk|j|;=5 4=== H.K




Ohpjtuojqjj9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

@kpj9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

;( Qbkp fkh`kpj n ikoc k`kckp| bkuj> Ktj pbjy }tnuo`j` ent oh ckq> Bk| pbjtj djjh khy Boab Lnztp otjlpouj|oh pbo| |pkpj tjaktòha pbj bncòha ne ikoc k`kckp|>

4( O| op fkh`kpnty nt o|ltjponhkty>

<( Qbkp ktj }jppy neejhlj| jeohj` k|> O| pbo| pbj 1 yjkt |jhpjhlj lzp nee> @n kcc |pkpj| bkuj pbj |kfj jeohoponh>

0( Qby ktj }jppy neejh`jt| tjfkh`j` pn izòlokc jpjhponh oh pbj eot|p }cklj.qby ktj pbjtj |n fkhy tjfkh`j` pn}to|nh> @n ynz bkuj khy |pkpo|pol| nh pbj }jtljhpkaj ne }to|nhjt| tjfkh`j` ent }jppy neejhlj|>

:( WQbyV n ikoc k`kckp| bkuj pn dj cofopj` pn }jppy neejh`jt| kh` lk|j| qbjtj pbj kllz|j` qkhp| pn }cjkàzocpy> Lnzc` pbjtj dj }tnuo|onh ent pbn|j lk|j| ne k fntj |jtonz| hkpztj pn dj ò|}n|j` ne dy k boabjt

kzpbntopy |zlb k| Boab Lnztp Izàj| "k| |zaaj|pj` dy pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh‟| ;04 tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkcPtjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| Unczhpktocy ]cjkòha Azocpy/>

5( @n pbj|j jhlnztkaj k azocpy }cjk nh pbj }ktp ne pbj kllz|j`> @n ynz |jj khy }tndcjf qopb pbo|>

1( O| pbj ‒lnhlj||onh‟ keent`j` nhcy pbj jr}jòpoha ne pbj lk|j kh` |jp&nee ne `jpjhponh |jtuj` kakoh|p pbjof}to|nhfjhp of}n|j` nt o| pbjtj khy eztpbjt |jhpjhlj fopoakponh> "k| }tnuo`j` ent oh pbj ;04 Ckq Lnffo||onhtj}ntp7 ?(42& of}n|oponh ne bkce pbj fohofzf pjtf qbjtj k fohofzf |jhpjhlj o| }tnuo`j` ent7 kh`7 ?(<<&of}n|oponh ne k pjtf hnp jrljjòha bkce pbj fkrofzf }tnuo`j` ent pbj neejhlj/

2( O| pbjtj kllnffn`kponh ent |jhpjhlj dktakohoha kp ikoc k`kckp|> O| pbo| lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp }tnlj`ztjlnujtj` dy pbj }tnuo|onh| zh`jt 45:K& C Lt(](L> @nj| pbo| lnzhp k| ‒}cjk dktakohoha‟ & |jjgoha lnhlj||onhkcptjkpfjhp>

?( Qbkp ktj pbj ltopjtok ent tjejttoha k }to|nhjt‟| lk|j pn pbj ikoc k`kckp> Qbn ohopokpj| pbj tjejttkc> Qbkp o| pbj}tnlj`ztj ent k }to|nhjt k}}cyoha pn dj bjkt` dy ikoc k`kckp>

;=( @n ynz pbohg pbj|j k`kckp| Wlnzc`V |oahoeolkhpcy of}klp pbj }tndcjf ne zh`jt&ptokc| kh` nujtltnq oha>

;;( Qbn o| tj|}nh|odcj ent bnc oha ikoc k`kckp|>

;4( Qbn |bnzc` dj bjc` tj|}nh|odcj oe op o| hnp djoha bjc >

;<( Qbjtj lkh qj ndpkoh kpk. copjtkpztj. |pkpo|pol| }jtpkohoha pn Ikoc K`kckp|>

;0( Qby ktj pbjy hnp bjc`>

;:( Oh pjtf| ne }tnlj`ztj o| pbjtj khy |kejazkt oh pbj entf ne k }tjcofohkty bjktoha pn jpjtfohj oe pbj k}}colkponhqk| fk`j unczhpktocy qopbnzp lnjtlonh nt }tj||ztj etnf pbj }tn|jlzpnt> "|zaaj|pj` oh pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh‟|;04 tj}ntp ne ;??;# ;=(;07;=(;:/ O| pbjtj khy }tnuo|onh pbkp khy lnztp nt`jt tjijlpoha kh k}}colkponh ent lnhlj||onhkc ptjkpfjhp fz|p dj gj}p lnheo`jhpokc pn }tjujhp }tjizòlj pn pbj kllz|j`> "?(4=7 ?(4; ne pbj CkqLnffo||onh Tj}ntp/

[zj|ponhhkotj

Khhjrztj B




@kpj9 4 Izhj 4==2

Etnf

PnPbj ]zdcol Ohentfkponh Neeoljt ]to|nh Bjk`{zkpjt|Tko}zt Lbbkppo|aktb & 0?4 ==;

@jkt \ot#

\zd9 K}}colkponh ent ohentfkponh zh`jt |jlponh 5";/ ne Pbj Toabp pn Ohentfkponh Klp# 4==: & Ikoc K`kckp| bjc` oh Kfdogk}zt Ljhptkc ]to|nh

Oh }zt|zkhlj ne pbj nt`jt| }k||j` nh ;<&;=&;??? kh` 1&;4&;??? dy pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp ne Ohòk# pbj lk|j “T(@Z}k`byky U|( \pkpj ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b % npbjt|# pbj Ljhptkc Anujthfjhp qtnpj pn kcc pbj \pkpj anujthfjhp| kh` ZP K`foho|ptkponh| pn pkgj ztajhp hjlj||kty |pj}| ent jr}jòponz| o|}n|kc ne lk|j| ne zh`jtptokc| qbn ktj ckhazo|boha ohuktonz| ikoc| oh pbj lnzhpty( Oh cjppjt k `kpj` ;? Hnujfdjt ;??? pbj lboje iz|polj ne Ohòk k``tj||j` kcc pbj BoabLnztp| otjlpoha Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj.Lboje Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj.Fkao|ptkpj pn uo|op ikoc| nhlj nt pqolj oh kfnhpb oh pbjot izto|òlponh kh` bnc` lnztp| oh pbjf pn pkgj z} pbj lk|j| ne pbn|j zh`jtptokc }to|nhjt| qbn ktj ohuncujòh }jppy neejhlj| kh` ktj gjjh pn lnhej|| pbjot azocp( O tj{zj|p ynz pn }tnuo`j fj pbj ohentfkponh nh pbj }kppjth kh`tjazcktopy ne lnh`zlpoha pbj Ikoc K`kckp| oh Kfdogk}zt Ljhptkc ]to|nh dy pbj lboje fjptn}ncopkh fkao|ptkpj.lboje izòlokc fkao|ptkpj oh pbj }k|p nhj yjkt etnf K}toc 4==1 pn Fktlb 4==2(

O bkuj }ko` pbj }tj|ltodj` k}}colkponh ejj ne T|( ;=( O qnzc` cogj pn tjljouj pbj tj{zj|pj` ohentfkponh dy tjao|pjtj` }n|ppn pbj kdnuj k``tj||( Goh`cy ohentf fj ne khy k`òponhkc ejj|# oe khy }kykdcj pnqkt`| ndpkohoha pbo| ohentfkponh(

Pbkhgoha ynz#

_nzt| |ohljtjcy#

\kf}cj TPO k}}colkponh tj{zj|pohaohentfkponh }jtpkohoha pn ikoc k`kckp|

Khhjrztj O




Hkfj ne Ikoc9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @o|ptolp9((((((((((((((((((((Hkfj ne Ikoc9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @o|ptolp9((((((((((((((((((((Hkfj ne Ikoc9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @o|ptolp9((((((((((((((((((((Hkfj ne Ikoc9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @o|ptolp9((((((((((((((((((((Hkfj ne Ikoc9((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( @o|ptolp9((((((((((((((((((((

\ Hn\ Hn\ Hn\ Hn\ Hn Iko c K`k ckp | Iko c K`k ckp | Iko c K`k ckp | Iko c K`k ckp | Iko c K`k ckp | Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j| Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j|Hn ne Lk|j| Hn( ne Kllz|j`Hn( ne Kllz|j`Hn( ne Kllz|j`Hn( ne Kllz|j`Hn( ne Kllz|j`

bjc` nhbjc` nhbjc` nhbjc` nhbjc` nh Tjejttj` dy pbj ]to|nhTjejttj` dy pbj ]to|nhTjejttj` dy pbj ]to|nhTjejttj` dy pbj ]to|nhTjejttj` dy pbj ]to|nh @o|}n|j`@o|}n|j`@o|}n|j`@o|}n|j`@o|}n|j` Tjcjk|j`.Djhjeo pj`Tjcjk|j`.Djhjeo pj`Tjcjk|j`.Djhjeo pj`Tjcjk|j`.Djhjeo pj`Tjcjk|j`.Djhjeo pj`

; K}toc 4==1

4 Fky 4==1

< Izhj 4==1

0 Izcy 4==1

: Kzaz|p 4==1

5 \j}p 4==1

1 Nlpndjt 4==1

2 Hnu 4==1

? @jl 4==1

;= Ikhzkty 4==2

;; Ejdtzkty 4==2

;4 Fktlb 4==2

Pnpkc

\oah % |pkf} ne Ikoc \z}jtohpjh`jhp

Khhjrztj O




\jlponh <(\jlponh <(\jlponh <(\jlponh <(\jlponh <( ]]]]]nqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| kepjt k`fnhoponh9nqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| kepjt k`fnhoponh9nqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| kepjt k`fnhoponh9nqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| kepjt k`fnhoponh9nqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| kepjt k`fnhoponh9 Qbjh khy }jt|nh o| enzh` azocpyne bkuoha lnffoppj` kh neejhlj }zho|bkdcj zh`jt |jlponh <1? nt |jlponh <2= nt |jlponh <2; nt |jlponh 0=0 nt |jlponh

04= ne pbj Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j "0: ne ;25=/ nt khy neejhlj }zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp ent hnp fntj pbkh pqn yjkt|#nt qopb eohj# nt qopb dnpb# zh`jt pbj Ohòkh ]jhkc Ln`j nt khy npbjt ckq# kh` hn }tjuonz| lnhuolponh o| }tnuj` kakoh|pbof kh` pbj lnztp dy qbolb pbj }jt|nh o| enzh` azocpy o| ne n}ohonh pbkp# bkuoha tjakt` pn pbj lotlzf|pkhlj| ne pbjlk|j ohlczòha pbj hkpztj ne pbj neejhlj kh` pbj lbktklpjt ne pbj neejh`jt# op o| jr}jòjhp |n pn n# pbjh# hnpqopb|pkhòhakhypboha lnhpkohj` oh khy npbjt ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj# pbj lnztp fky# oh|pjk` ne |jhpjhloha bof pn khy}zho|bfjhp nt tjcjk|oha bof nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlp zh`jt |jlponh 0# tjcjk|j bof kepjt zj k`fnhoponh(

Jr}ckhkponh& Ent pbj }zt}n|j| ne pbo| |jlponh# }tjuonz| lnhuolponh kakoh|p k }jt|nh |bkcc ohlcz`j khy }tjuonz| nt`jt fk`j kakoh|p bof zh`jt pbo| |jlponh nt |jlponh0(

\jlponh 0(\jlponh 0(\jlponh 0(\jlponh 0(\jlponh 0( ]]]]]nqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlpnqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlpnqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlpnqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlpnqjt ne lnztp pn tjcjk|j ljtpkoh neejh`jt| nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlp9";/ Qbjh# khy }jt|nh o| enzh` azocpy ne bkuoha lnffoppj` kh neejhlj hnp }zho|bkdcj qopb jkpb nt of}to|nhfjhp ent coej kh` pbj lnztp dy qbolb pbj }jt|nh o| enzh` azocpy o| ne n}ohonh pbkp# bkuoha tjakt` pn pbj lotlzf|pkhlj| ne pbj lk|j

ohlczòha pbj hkpztj ne pbj neejhlj kh` pbj lbktklpjt ne pbj neejh`jt# op o| jr}jòjhp pn tjcjk|j bof nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlp # pbjh# hnpqopb|pkhòha khypboha lnhpkohj` oh khy npbjt ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj# pbj lnztp fky#oh|pjk` ne |jhpjhloha bof kp nhlj pn khy }zho|bfjhp# otjlp pbkp bj dj tjcjk|j` nh bo| jhpjtoha ohpn k dnh`# qopb nt qopbnzp |ztjpoj|# pn k}}jkt kh` tjljouj |jhpjhlj qbjh lkccj` z}nh ztoha |zlb }jton`# hnp jrljjòha pbtjj yjkt|# k|pbj lnztp fky otjlp# kh` oh pbj fjkhpofj pn gjj} pbj }jklj kh` dj ne ann` djbkuonzt(

]tnuo`j` pbkp pbj lnztp |bkcc hnp otjlp |zlb tjcjk|j ne kh neejh`jt zhcj|| op o| |kpo|eoj` pbkp pbj neejh`jt nt bo| |ztjpy#oe khy# bk| k eorj` }cklj ne kdn`j nt tjazckt nllz}kponh oh pbj }cklj nujt qbolb pbj lnztp jrjtlo|j| izto|òlponh nt ohqbolb pbj neejh`jt o| cogjcy pn couj ztoha pbj }jton` ent qbolb bj jhpjt| ohpn pbj dnh`(

"4/ Djentj fkgoha khy nt`jt zh`jt |zd&|jlponh ";/# pbj lnztp |bkcc pkgj ohpn lnh|o`jtkponh pbj tj}ntp# oe khy# ne pbj}tndkponh neeoljt lnhljthj` oh tjckponh pn pbj lk|j(

"</ Qbjh kh nt`jt zh`jt |zd&|jlponh ";/ o| fk`j# pbj lnztp fky# oe op o| ne n}ohonh pbkp oh pbj ohpjtj|p| ne pbj neejh`jt kh` ne pbj }zdcol op o| jr}jòjhp |n pn n# oh k`òponh }k|| k |z}jtuo|onh nt`jt otjlpoha pbkp pbj neejh`jt |bkcc tjfkohzh`jt pbj |z}jtuo|onh ne k }tndkponh neeoljt hkfj` oh pbj nt`jt ztoha |zlb }jton`# hnp djoha cj|| pbkh nhj yjkt# k|fky dj |}jloeoj` pbjtjoh# kh` fky oh |zlb |z}jtuo|onh nt`jt of}n|j |zlb lnhòponh| k| op jjf| hjlj||kty ent pbj zj|z}jtuo|onh ne pbj neejh`jt(

"0/ Pbj lnztp fkgoha k |z}jtuo|onh nt`jt zh`jt |zd&|jlponh "</ |bkcc tj{zotj pbj neejh`jt# djentj bj o| tjcjk|j`# pnjhpjt ohpn k dnh`# qopb nt qopbnzp |ztjpoj|# pn nd|jtuj pbj lnhòponh| |}jloeoj` oh |zlb nt`jt kh` |zlb k`òponhkclnhòponh| qopb tj|}jlp pn tj|o`jhlj# kd|pjhponh etnf ohpnrolkhp| nt khy npbjt fkppjt| k| lnztp fky# bkuoha tjakt` pnpbj }ktpolzckt lotlzf|pkhlj|# lnh|o`jt eop pn of}n|j ent }tjujhpoha k tj}jpoponh ne pbj |kfj neejhlj nt k lnffo||onh ne npbjt neejhlj| dy pbj neejh`jt(

":/ Pbj lnztp fkgoha k |z}jtuo|onh nt`jt zh`jt |zd&|jlponh "</ |bkcc jr}ckoh pn pbj neejh`jt pbj pjtf| kh` lnhòponh|ne pbj nt`jt kh` |bkcc entpbqopb eztho|b nhj ln}y ne pbj |z}jtuo|onh nt`jt pn jklb ne pbj neejh`jt|# pbj |ztjpoj|# oe khy#kh` pbj }tndkponh neeoljt lnhljthj`(

\jlponh ;4(\jlponh ;4(\jlponh ;4(\jlponh ;4(\jlponh ;4( Tjfnukc ne ò|{zkcoeolkponh kppklboha pn lnhuolponhTjfnukc ne ò|{zkcoeolkponh kppklboha pn lnhuolponhTjfnukc ne ò|{zkcoeolkponh kppklboha pn lnhuolponhTjfnukc ne ò|{zkcoeolkponh kppklboha pn lnhuolponhTjfnukc ne ò|{zkcoeolkponh kppklboha pn lnhuolponh9 Hnpqopb|pkhòha khypboha lnhpkohj` ohkhy npbjt ckq# k }jt|nh enzh` azocpy ne kh neejhlj kh` jkcp qopb zh`jt pbj }tnuo|onh| ne |jlponh< nt |jlponh0 |bkcc hnp|zeejt ò|{zkcoeolkponh# oe khy# kppklboha pn k lnhuolponh ne kh neejhlj zh`jt |zlb ckq( ]tnuo`j` pbkp hnpboha oh pbo||jlponh |bkcc k}}cy pn k }jt|nh qbn# kepjt bo| tjcjk|j zh`jt |jlponh 0# o| |zd|j{zjhpcy |jhpjhlj` ent pbjntoaohkc neejhlj(

Pbj ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2

Khhjrztj I




]cjk Dktakohoha9Lbk}pjt RROK# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj ";?1</

45:K( K}}colkponh ne pbj Lbk}pjt ‐ ";/ Pbo| Lbk}pjt |bkcc k}}cy oh tj|}jlp ne kh kllz|j` kakoh|p qbnf‐

"k/ pbj tj}ntp bk| djjh entqkt`j` dy pbj neeoljt oh lbktaj ne pbj }ncolj |pkponh zh`jt |jlponh ;1< kccjaoha pbjtjohpbkp kh neejhlj k}}jkt| pn bkuj djjh lnffoppj` dy bof npbjt pbkh kh neejhlj ent qbolb pbj }zho|bfjhp ne jkpbnt ne of}to|nhfjhp ent coej nt ne of}to|nhfjhp ent k pjtf jrljjòha |jujh yjkt| bk| djjh }tnuo`j` zh`jt pbj ckqent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj7 nt

"d/ k Fkao|ptkpj bk| pkgjh lnahokhlj ne kh neejhlj nh lnf}ckohp# npbjt pbkh kh neejhlj ent qbolb pbj }zho|bfjhpne jkpb nt ne of}to|nhfjhp ent coej nt ne of}to|nhfjhp ent k pjtf jrljjòha |jujh yjkt|# bk| djjh }tnuo`j` zh`jt pbj ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj# kh` kepjt jrkfohoha lnf}ckohkhp kh` qophj||j| zh`jt |jlponh 4==# o||zj` pbj}tnlj|| zh`jt |jlponh 4=0#

dzp nj| hnp k}}cy qbjtj |zlb neejhlj keejlp| pbj |nlon&jlnhnfol lnhòponh ne pbj lnzhpty nt bk| djjh lnffoppj`kakoh|p k qnfkh# nt k lboc` djcnq pbj kaj ne enztpjjh yjkt|(

"4/ Ent pbj }zt}n|j| ne |zd&|jlponh ";/# pbj Ljhptkc Anujthfjhp |bkcc# dy hnpoeolkponh# `jpjtfohj pbj neejhlj|zh`jt pbj ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj qbolb |bkcc dj pbj neejhlj| keejlpoha pbj |nlon&jlnhnfol lnhòponh ne pbjlnzhpty(

45:D( K}}colkponh ent }cjk dktakohoha ‐ ";/ K }jt|nh kllz|j` ne kh neejhlj fky eocj kh k}}colkponh ent }cjkdktakohoha oh pbj Lnztp oh qbolb |zlb neejhlj o| }jhòha ent ptokc(

"4/ Pbj k}}colkponh zh`jt |zd&|jlponh ";/ |bkcc lnhpkoh k dtoje `j|lto}ponh ne pbj lk|j tjckpoha pn qbolb pbjk}}colkponh o| eocj` ohlczòha pbj neejhlj pn qbolb pbj lk|j tjckpj| kh` |bkcc dj kllnf}khoj` dy kh keeo`kuop |qnthdy pbj kllz|j` |pkpoha pbjtjoh pbkp bj bk| unczhpktocy }tjejttj`# kepjt zh`jt|pkhòha pbj hkpztj kh` jrpjhp ne }zho|bfjhp }tnuo`j` zh`jt pbj ckq ent pbj neejhlj# pbj }cjk dktakohoha oh bo| lk|j kh` pbkp bj bk| hnp }tjuonz|cydjjh lnhuolpj` dy k Lnztp oh k lk|j oh qbolb bj bk` djjh lbktaj` qopb pbj |kfj neejhlj(

"</ Kepjt tjljouoha pbj k}}colkponh zh`jt |zd&|jlponh ";/# pbj Lnztp |bkcc o||zj hnpolj pn pbj ]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt nt pbj lnf}ckohkhp ne pbj lk|j# k| pbj lk|j fky dj# kh` pn pbj kllz|j` pn k}}jkt nh pbj kpj eorj` ent pbj lk|j(

"0/ Qbjh pbj ]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt nt pbj lnf}ckohkhp ne pbj lk|j# k| pbj lk|j fky dj# kh` pbj kllz|j` k}}jkt nhpbj kpj eorj` zh`jt |zd&|jlponh "</# pbj Lnztp |bkcc jrkfohj pbj kllz|j` oh lkfjtk# qbjtj pbj npbjt }ktpy oh pbjlk|j |bkcc hnp dj }tj|jhp# pn |kpo|ey op|jce pbkp pbj kllz|j` bk| eocj` pbj k}}colkponh unczhpktocy kh` qbjtj‐

"k/ pbj Lnztp o| |kpo|eoj` pbkp pbj k}}colkponh bk| djjh eocj` dy pbj kllz|j` unczhpktocy# op |bkcc }tnuo`j pofj pnpbj ]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt nt pbj lnf}ckohkhp ne pbj lk|j# k| pbj lk|j fky dj# kh` pbj kllz|j` pn qntg nzp kfzpzkccy |kpo|eklpnty ò|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j qbolb fky ohlcz`j aouoha pn pbj uolpof dy pbj kllz|j` pbjlnf}jh|kponh kh` npbjt jr}jh|j| ztoha pbj lk|j kh` pbjtjkepjt eor pbj kpj ent eztpbjt bjktoha ne pbj lk|j7

"d/ pbj Lnztp eoh`| pbkp pbj k}}colkponh bk| djjh eocj` ohunczhpktocy dy pbj kllz|j` nt bj bk| }tjuonz|cy djjhlnhuolpj` dy k Lnztp oh k lk|j oh qbolb bj bk` djjh lbktaj` qopb pbj |kfj neejhlj# op |bkcc }tnljj` eztpbjt oh kllnt`khlj qopb pbj }tnuo|onh| ne pbo| Ln`j etnf pbj |pkaj |zlb k}}colkponh bk| djjh eocj` zh`jt |zd&|jlponh ";/(

45:L( Azo`jcohj| ent fzpzkccy |kpo|eklpnty ò|}n|oponh ‐ Oh qntgoha nzp k fzpzkccy |kpo|eklpnty ò|}n|oponh zh`jt lckz|j "k/ ne |zd&|jlponh "0/ ne |jlponh 45:D# pbj Lnztp |bkcc enccnq pbj enccnqoha }tnlj`ztj# hkfjcy9

"k/ oh k lk|j oh|popzpj` nh k }ncolj tj}ntp# pbj Lnztp |bkcc o||zj hnpolj pn pbj ]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt# pbj }ncolj neeoljt qbn bk| ohuj|poakpj` pbj lk|j# pbj kllz|j` kh` pbj uolpof ne pbj lk|j pn }ktpolo}kpj oh pbj fjjpoha pn qntg nzp k|kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j9

Khhjrztj G




]tnuo`j` pbkp pbtnzabnzp |zlb }tnlj|| ne qntgoha nzp k |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j# op |bkcc dj pbj `zpyne pbj Lnztp pn jh|ztj pbkp pbj jhpotj }tnlj|| o| lnf}cjpj` unczhpktocy dy pbj }ktpoj| }ktpolo}kpoha oh pbjfjjpoha9

]tnuo`j` eztpbjt pbkp pbj kllz|j` fky# oe bj |n `j|otj|# }ktpolo}kpj oh |zlb fjjpoha qopb bo| }cjk`jt# oe khy#jhakaj` oh pbj lk|j7

"d/ oh k lk|j oh|popzpj` npbjtqo|j pbkh nh }ncolj tj}ntp# pbj Lnztp |bkcc o||zj hnpolj pn pbj kllz|j` kh` pbj uolpof

ne pbj lk|j pn }ktpolo}kpj oh k fjjpoha pn qntg nzp k |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j9

]tnuo`j` pbkp op |bkcc dj pbj zpy ne pbj Lnztp pn jh|ztj# pbtnzabnzp |zlb }tnlj|| ne qntgoha nzp k |kpo|eklpntyò|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j# pbkp op o| lnf}cjpj` unczhpktocy dy pbj }ktpoj| }ktpolo}kpoha oh pbj fjjpoha9

]tnuo`j` eztpbjt pbkp oe pbj uolpof ne pbj lk|j nt pbj kllz|j`# k| pbj lk|j fky dj# |n j|otj|# bj fky }ktpolo}kpjoh |zlb fjjpoha qopb bo| }cjk`jt jhakaj` oh pbj lk|j(

45:@( Tj}ntp ne pbj fzpzkccy |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh pn dj |zdfoppj` djentj pbj Lnztp ‐ Qbjtj oh k fjjpoha zh`jt |jlponh 45:L# k |kpo|eklpnty ò|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j bk| djjh qntgj` nzp# pbj Lnztp |bkcc }tj}ktj k tj}ntp ne |zlbò|}n|oponh qbolb |bkcc dj |oahj` dy pbj }tj|oòha neeoljt ne pbj Lnztp kh` kcc npbjt }jt|nh| qbn }ktpolo}kpj` oh pbjfjjpoha kh` oe hn |zlb o|}n|oponh bk| djjh qntgj` nzp# pbj Lnztp |bkcc tjlnt` |zlb nd|jtukponh kh` }tnljj` eztpbjt oh kllnt`khlj qopb pbj }tnuo|onh| ne pbo| Ln`j etnf pbj |pkaj pbj k}}colkponh zh`jt |zd&|jlponh ";/ ne |jlponh 45:Dbk| djjh eocj` oh |zlb lk|j(

45:J( @o|}n|kc ne pbj lk|j ‐ Qbjtj k |kpo|eklpnty o|}n|oponh ne pbj lk|j bk| djjh qntgj` nzp zh`jt |jlponh 45:@#pbj Lnztp |bkcc o|}n|j ne pbj lk|j oh pbj enccnqoha fkhhjt# hkfjcy9

"k/ pbj Lnztp |bkcc kqkt` pbj lnf}jh|kponh pn pbj uolpof oh kllnt`khlj qopb pbj o|}n|oponh zh`jt |jlponh 45:@kh` bjkt pbj }ktpoj| nh pbj {zkhpzf ne pbj }zho|bfjhp# tjcjk|oha ne pbj kllz|j` nh }tndkponh ne ann` lnh`zlpnt kepjt k`fnhoponh zh`jt |jlponh <5= nt ent `jkcoha qopb pbj kllz|j` zh`jt pbj }tnuo|onh| ne pbj ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2"4= ne ;?:2/ nt khy npbjt ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj kh` enccnq pbj }tnlj`ztj |}jloeojòh pbj |zlljjòha lckz|j| ent of}n|oha pbj }zho|bfjhp nh pbj kllz|j`7

"d/ kepjt bjktoha pbj }ktpoj| zh`jt lckz|j "k/# oe pbj Lnztp o| ne pbj uojq pbkp |jlponh <5= nt pbj }tnuo|onh| ne pbj

]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp# ;?:2"4= ne ;?:2/ nt khy npbjt ckq ent pbj pofj djoha oh entlj ktj kpptklpj` oh pbj lk|jne pbj kllz|j`# op fky tjcjk|j pbj kllz|j` nh }tndkponh nt }tnuo`j pbj djhjeop ne khy |zlb ckq# k| pbj lk|j fkydj7

"l/ kepjt bjktoha pbj }ktpoj| zh`jt lckz|j "d/# oe pbj Lnztp eoh`| pbkp fohofzf }zho|bfjhp bk| djjh }tnuo`j`zh`jt pbj ckq ent pbj neejhlj lnffoppj` dy pbj kllz|j`# op fky |jhpjhlj pbj kllz|j` pn bkce ne |zlb fohofzf}zho|bfjhp7

"`/ oh lk|j kepjt bjktoha pbj }ktpoj| zh`jt lckz|j "d/# pbj Lnztp eoh`| pbkp pbj neejhlj lnffoppj` dy pbj kllz|j` o|hnp lnujtj` zh`jt lckz|j "d/ nt lckz|j "l/# pbjh# op fky |jhpjhlj pbj kllz|j` pn nhj&enztpb ne pbj }zho|bfjhp}tnuo`j` nt jrpjh`kdcj# k| pbj lk|j fky dj# ent |zlb neejhlj(

45:E( Izàfjhp ne pbj Lnztp ‐ Pbj Lnztp |bkcc jcoujt op| izàfjhp oh pjtf| ne |jlponh 45:J oh pbj n}jh Lnztp kh`

pbj |kfj |bkcc dj |oahj` dy pbj }tj|oòha neeoljt ne pbj Lnztp(

45:A( Eohkcopy ne pbj izàfjhp ‐ Pbj izàfjhp `jcoujtj` dy pbj Lnztp zh`jt |jlponh 45:A |bkcc dj eohkc kh` hnk}}jkc "jrlj}p pbj |}jlokc cjkuj }jpoponh zh`jt Ktpolcj ;<5 kh` qtop }jpoponh zh`jt Ktpolcj| 445 kh` 441 ne pbjLnh|popzponh/ |bkcc coj oh khy Lnztp kakoh|p |zlb izàfjhp(

45:B( ]nqjt ne pbj Lnztp oh }cjk dktakohoha ‐ K Lnztp |bkcc bkuj# ent pbj }zt}n|j| ne ò|lbktaoha op| ezhlponh|zh`jt pbo| Lbk}pjt# kcc pbj }nqjt| uj|pj` oh tj|}jlp ne dkoc# ptokc ne neejhlj| kh` npbjt fkppjt| tjckpoha pn pbj ò|}n|kcne k lk|p oh |zlb Lnztp zh`jt pbo| Ln`j(




45:&O( ]jton` ne `jpjhponh zh`jtanhj dy pbj kllz|j` pn dj |jp nee kakoh|p pbj |jhpjhlj ne of}to|nhfjhp ‐ Pbj}tnuo|onh| ne |jlponh 042 |bkcc k}}cy# ent |jppoha nee pbj }jton` ne `jpjhponh zh`jtanhj dy pbj kllz|j` kakoh|p pbj|jhpjhlj ne of}to|nhfjhp of}n|j` zh`jt pbo| Lbk}pjt# oh pbj |kfj fkhhjt k| pbjy k}}cy oh tj|}jlp ne pbj of}to|nhfjhpzh`jt npbjt }tnuo|onh| ne pbo| Ln`j(

45:I( \kuoha| ‐ Pbj }tnuo|onh| ne pbo| Lbk}pjt |bkcc bkuj jeejlp hnpqopb|pkh`oha khypboha ohlnh|o|pjhp pbjtjqopblnhpkohj` oh khy npbjt }tnuo|onh| ne pbo| Ln`j kh` hnpboha oh |zlb npbjt }tnuo|onh| |bkcc dj lnh|ptzj` pn lnh|ptkohpbj fjkhoha ne khy }tnuo|onh ne pbo| Lbk}pjt(

Jr}ckhkponh ‐ Ent pbj }zt}n|j| ne pbo| Lbk}pjt# pbj jr}tj||onh –]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt‖ bk| pbj fjkhoha k||oahj` pn opzh`jt lckz|j "z/ ne |jlponh 4 kh` ohlcz`j| kh K||o|pkhp ]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt k}}nohpj` zh`jt |jlponh 4:(

45:G( \pkpjfjhp| ne kllz|j` hnp pn dj z|j` ‐ Hnpqopb|pkh`oha khypboha lnhpkohj` oh khy ckq ent pbj pofj djoha ohentlj# pbj |pkpjfjhp| nt eklp| |pkpj` dy kh kllz|j` oh kh k}}colkponh ent }cjk dktakohoha eocj` zh`jt |jlponh 45:D|bkcc hnp dj z|j` ent khy npbjt }zt}n|j jrlj}p ent pbj }zt}n|j ne pbo| Lbk}pjt(

45:C( Hnh&k}}colkponh ne pbj Lbk}pjt ‐ Hnpboha oh pbo| Lbk}pjt |bkcc k}}cy pn khy izujhocj nt lboc` k| `jeohj` ohlckz|j "g/ ne |jlponh 4 ne pbj Izujhocj Iz|polj "Lktj kh` ]tnpjlponh ne Lboc`tjh/ Klp# 4===":5 ne 4===/‖(




; Kc|n ghnqh k| tjfkh` }to|nhjt| nt }tj&ptokc `jpkohjj|( Oh pbo| }k}jt pbj pjtf ‒zh`jt&ptokc‟ `jhnpj| kh zh&lnhuolpj`

}to|nhjt o(j( nhj qbn bk| djjh `jpkohj` oh }to|nh `ztoha pbj }jton` ne ohuj|poakponh# oh{zoty nt ptokc ent pbj neejhlj"|/

bj o| kllz|j` pn bkuj lnffoppj`(

4 Ohpjthkponhkc Ljhptj ent ]to|nh \pzòj| "`kpj hnp |}jloeoj`/ Qntc` ]to|nh Dtoje 9 }tj&ptokc.tjfkh` }to|nhjt|# \lbnnc ne

Ckq# Goha‟| Lnccjaj qjd|opj9 bpp}9..qqq(glc(kl(zg.`j}|pk.ckq.tj|jktlb.ol}|.qntc`dtoje.q}d^|pkp|(}b}>ktjk6kcc%lkpj

anty 6qd^}tjptokc k| nh < Fktlb 4==?(

< Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz qjd|opj# ]to|nh \pkpo|pol| Ohòk 4==5# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|9 bpp}9..hltd(hol(oh.

]\O4==5.}to|nh4==5(bpf k| nh ;0 Ikhzkty 4==?(

0 Fnpo Tkf kh` Nt|( U( \pkpj ne Fk`byk ]tk`j|b KOT ;?12 \L ;:?0(

: Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";?1?/ \jujhpy&joabpb Tj}ntp nh Lnhaj|ponh ne Zh`jt&ptokc ]to|nhjt|# Anujthfjhp ne

Ohòk# Ejdtzkty# }(4# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

5 Ktpolcj ?"</# Ohpjthkponhkc Lnujhkhp nh Louoc kh` ]ncopolkc Toabp| ;?55(

1 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";?1?/ \jujhpy&joabpb Tj}ntp nh Lnhaj|ponh ne Zh`jt&ptokc ]to|nhjt|# Ejdtzkty# Anujthfjhp

ne Ohòk(

2 Lboje Iz|polj Khkh`# oh k cjppjt kpj` Hnujfdjt 4?# ;???( Pbj Lboje Iz|polj|‟ lnhejtjhlj bk| tj}jkpj`cy jf}bk|o|j`

pbj tncj ne ikoc k`kckp| |ohlj 4==<(

? Kh Kttjkt| Lnffoppjj |jp z} dy pbj \z}tjfj Lnztp oh 4==5# oh op| ohpjtof tj}ntp ne 5 Fktlb 4==5# tjlnffjh`j` pbj

}tontopokponh ne ljtpkoh lk|j|7 pbj |jppoha z} ne jrlcz|ouj lnztp| ent ljtpkoh lkpjantoj| ne neejhlj| ohlczòha }jppy

neejhlj|# kh`7 fntj etj{zjhp z|j ne cng kh` ikoc k`kckp|( Oh k`òponh# k hkponhkc }ncoly nh }to|nh tjentf# djoha `tkepj`

kp pbj pofj ne pbo| |pz`y# tjlnffjh`| pbkp |}jlokc lnztp| |bnzc` dj j|pkdco|bj` oh }to|nh| pn ò|}n|j ne zh`jt&ptokc

lk|j|(

;= @jcbo o| pjlbholkccy hnp k |pkpj dzp k zhonh pjttopnty qopb k |}jlokc |pkpz| kh` bk| op| nqh cjao|ckpouj k||jfdcy(

;; Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/# ]to|nh \pkpo|pol| Ohòk # Pkdcj <(4# }(<5 kh` Pkdcj 4"K/# }(;:# Foho|pty ne

Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

;4 @jcbo bk| pqn }to|nh| “ Pobkt Ikoc Lnf}cjr "qopb ? ikoc|/ kh` Tnboho @o|ptolp }to|nh# qbjtjk| Ibktgbkh` bk|

pbtjj }to|nh| oh Tkhlbo# @zfgk kh` Bkktodkab(

;< Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/# ]to|nh \pkpo|pol| Ohòk# Pkdcj <(4# }}(<5 kh` ;:# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|#

Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

;0 Pbj }to|nh neeolokc| oh Gkthkpkgk qjtj ujty lnn}jtkpouj oh }tnuoòha z| ohentfkponh nh pbj }tklpolj ne ikoc k`kckp|

kh` pbjtj qk| hn hjj` pn fkgj TPO k}}colkponh|(

;: Pbj Toabp pn Ohentfkponh k}}colkponh| |jhp pn kcc |pkpj| |nzabp ohentfkponh }jtpkohoha pn ikoc k`kckp| bjc` oh pbj yjkt

Fktlb 4==1 “ K}toc 4==2( Bnqjujt# ent Kh`btk ]tk`j|b# pbj ohentfkponh qk| ndpkohj` ent pbj yjkt 4==5&4==1(

;5 Cjppjt etnf @t( K`kt|b \joh Khkh`# Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk# `kpj` Hnujfdjt 4?# ;???( "|jj Khhjrztj K/

;1 \jj Lbk}pjt OO " Ikoc K`kckp| oh ]tklpolj/ ne pbo| tj}ntp ent pbj uktonz| `jeohoponh| ne ‒}jppy neejhlj|‟(

;2 Cng \kdbk qjd|opj# Lnffoppjj nh Jf}nqjtfjhp ne Qnfjh "4==;&4==4/ "Pbotpjjhpb Cng \kdbk/9 bpp}9..

;50(;==(40(4=2.c|.lnffoppjjT.Jf}nqjtfjhp.<t`.<t`(bpf }ktk( ;(:: k| nh : Ejdtzkty 4==?(

;? Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Kcckbkdk` Boabp Lnztp & Lotlzckt Hn( & L(C( Hn(4?.UOOOb&;< `kpj` ;5(;4(?? kh` L(C( Hn(;:.

OOOb&K`fohA `kpj` <=(<(4===(




4= Cjppjt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "T(N(L(Hn9 4<;4.N] LJCC&J.4===/ `kpj` ;?(1(4===(

4; \jlnh` cjppjt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "T(N(L Hn9 50?0.N] LJCC&J.4===/ `kpj` 44(;(4==;(

44 Ktpolcj ;0# Ohpjthkponhkc Lnujhkhp nh Louoc kh` ]ncopolkc Toabp|# ;?55(

4< Neejhlj| oh qbolb pbj lnf}ckohkhp nt uolpof ne kh neejhlj lkh `tn} pbj lbktaj| kakoh|p pbj kllz|j`(

40 Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/ ]to|nh \pkpo|pol| Ohòk# }(ooo# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

4: Odo`( Oh |nfj |pkpj| |zlb k| Dobkt# pbj zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt|‟ tkpon qk| tjlnt`j` k| boab k| 20(0 }jt ljhp(

45 ]to|nhjt| qbn|j ptokc o| yjp pn djaoh dzp bkuj djjh |jhp pn }to|nh| qbocj pbjot lk|j| ktj djoha ohuj|poakpj`(

41 Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==5/ ]to|nh \pkpo|pol| Ohòk # }(<;# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

42 KOT ;?11 \L 4011( Kc|n |jj Azògkhpo Hktk|obbzcz u|( ]zdcol ]tn|jlzpnt KOT ;?12 \L 04?(

4? \jlponh <4= ne pbj Lt(](L( co|p| neejhlj| pbkp lkh dj lnf}nzh`j` qopb nt qopbnzp pbj }jtfo||onh ne pbj lnztp(

<= Fnpo Tkf % npbjt| u|( \pkpj ne Fk`byk ]tk`j|b KOT ;?12 \L ;:?0(

<; Aztdkg|b \ohab \oddok u|( \pkpj ne ]zhikd ";?2=/ < \LT <2<(

<4 \jh# \( ";???/ Cjppjt pn kcc Oh|}jlpnt Ajhjtkc ne ]to|nh| ne \pkpj| nh |}jj`y ptokc ne zh`jtptokc }to|nhjt| # \}jlokc

Tk}}ntpjzt# Hkponhkc Bzfkh Toabp| Lnffo||onh# @(N(Hn( ;;.;.??&]T] % ]# 4? K}toc(

<< Ohòk Ohen Hjq| qjd|opj# Ktpbzt Tnk` Ikoc o| Cogj k Cnlkc kp ]jkg Bnzt|9 bpp}9..hjq|(ohòkohen(lnf.4==2.=5.4:.

=2=54:;;=0^ktpbzt^tnk`îkocô|^cogj^k^cnlkc^`ztoha^}jkg^bnzt(bpfc k| nh 41 Ikhzkty 4==?(

<0 Odo`(

<: Dztjkz ne ]ncolj Tj|jktlb % @jujcn}fjhp "4==1/ Hkponhkc @tkep ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc

K`foho|ptkponh# }(;4?# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

<5 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";?1?/ \jujhpy&joabpb Tj}ntp nh Lnhaj|ponh ne Zh`jt&ptokc ]to|nhjt|# Lb(?# Anujthfjhp

ne Ohòk(

<1 \jlponh 0<5 ne Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj qk| kfjh`j` oh 4==: dzp lkfj ohpn jeejlp oh 4==5(

<2 \jj \jlponh 00=W;V# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<( Pbo| of}coj| pbkp k }to|nhjt lbktaj` qopb |pjkcoha

T|( ;#=== lkhhnp dj ndcoakpj` ent k dkoc kfnzhp ne T|( ;=#=== "\jj Fnpo Tkf U( \pkpj ne Fk`byk ]tk`j|b KOT ;?12

\L ;:?0/(

<? \jj \jlponh 00=W4V# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1< kccnq| k }to|nhjt pn k}}jkc pn Boab Lnztp nt pbj |j||onh|

lnztp(

0= \jj \jlponh 0<1W5V# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<( Pbj Fkao|ptkpj fky hnp tjcjk|j |zlb k }jt|nh ent tjk|nh|

pn dj tjlnt`j` oh qtopoha(

0; \jj \jlponh ;51"4/ ]tnuo|n"k/"oo/# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<(

04 ;?2= ; \LL 2;(

0< ;?2= ; \LL 2;(

00 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04h` Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh pbjot nqh

Ohopokpouj Lbnn|j pn ]cjk` Azocpy Qopbnzp Dktakohoha# }(:# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

0: Odo`# }(4(

05 Hkponhkc Ltofj Tjlnt`| Dztjkz "4==1/ –Pkdcj 0"D/ @o|}n|kc ne O]L Ltofj Lk|j| dy Lnztp| "@jlk`kc }olpztj/–#

Ltofj \pkp| oh Ohòk# Pkdcj 0"D/# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

01 Odo ( Lbk}pjt 0 “ @jcky oh ò|}n|kc ne lk|j| dy }ncolj kh` lnztp|(




02 Etnhpcohj qjd|opj# Pbj Izòlokty9 Ek|p Ptklg Lnztp|( Unc( ;2";0/ Izcy( =1 & 4=# 4==;9 bpp}9..qqq(boh`znhhjp(lnf.

ecohj.ec;2;0.;2;0=?;=(bpf k| nh 1 Ejdtzkty 4==?(

0? Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";?1?/ 12pb Tj}ntp nh Lnhaj|ponh ne Zh`jt&ptokc ]to|nhjt| oh Ikoc|# }( ;4# Anujthfjhp

ne Ohòk(

:= @j}ktpfjhp ne Iz|polj qjd|opj# \pkpjfjhp ne \khlponhj` ]n|p| kh` Izàj| oh ]n|oponh9 bpp}9..ckqfoh(hol(oh.ckqfohpjf}.

iz|polj.qjclnfj(bpf k| nh 2 Ejdtzkty 4==?(

:; Ktpolcj 4 qjd|opj# Izòlokc `jcky| pn ltofohkc ptokc| oh @jcbo9 K |}jlokc tj}ntp 4==2 # Unc(1# Hn(4# Izhj9 bpp}9..

qqq(ktpolcj4(nta.}è.u=1h=4(}è k| nh 4 Fktlb 4==?(

:4 Odo`(

:< Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";?1?/ 12pb Tj}ntp nh Lnhaj|ponh ne Zh`jt&ptokc ]to|nhjt| oh Ikoc|# }(;5# Anujthfjhp ne

Ohòk(

:0 \jlnh` K`foho|ptkpouj Tjentf| Lnffo||onh "4==1/ ]zdcol Nt`jt # Eoepb Tj}ntp# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk# Izhj(

:: Hkponhkc ]ncolj Lnffo||onh ";?2;/# \orpb Tj}ntp# Fktlb# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

:5 ]ncolj Klp @tkepoha Lnffoppjj "4==5/# Fn`jc ]ncolj Klp# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

:1 Pbj Boh`z "ohpjthjp jòponh/ qjd|opj# Fkhy Zh`jt&ptokc| Hnp Djoha Pkgjh pn Lnztp @zj pn \bntpkaj ne J|lntp|9

bpp}9..qqq(boh`z(lnf.4==1.;4.4:.|pntoj|.4==1;44::;:<=;==(bpf k| nh < Ejdtzkty 4==?(

:2 Pbj Boh`z "ohpjthjp jòponh/ qjd|opj# Uo`jnlnhejtjhloha Dtoha| Tjcoje pn Zh`jt&ptokc| 9 bpp}9..qqq(boh`z(lnf.

4==2.=2.=0.|pntoj|.4==2=2=0:045=;==(bpf k| nh 1 Ejdtzkty 4==?(

:? @o|ptolp Fkao|ptkpj| oh pbjot lk}klopy k| neeolokc uo|opnt| bkuj pbj kzpbntopy pn lbjlg oe khy zh`jt&ptokc }to|nhjt o|

occjakccy `jpkohj` nt o| `jpkohj` ent kh zh`zj cjhapb ne pofj(

5= \ohlj }to|nh| o| k |pkpj |zdijlp# pbj tncj| kh` tj|}nh|odocopoj| ne |z}jtohpjh`jhp foabp ukty etnf |pkpj pn |pkpj(

5; \jj \jlponh 2<? Pkfoc Hk`z Ikoc Tzcj| ;?2<(

54 Hn( E( ?.1:.21&Bnfj"Ajhjtkc/.OOO Tzcj;<(

5< Tzcj 44(0=# Fn`jc ]to|nh Fkhzkc 4==<(

50 Pbj Fn`jc ]to|nh Fkhzkc o| }tj}ktj` dy pbj Kcc Ohòk Fn`jc ]to|nh Fkhzkc Lnffoppjj kh` k}}tnuj` dy pbj

ljhptkc anujthfjhp oh 4==0( Op o| hnh dohòha(

5: Bnh‟dcj Ft( Iz|polj _(G( \kdbktqkc# Lboje Iz|polj ne Ohòk "4==5/ Ohkzaztkc k``tj||# ? Fktlb kp pbj

Lboje Iz|polj|‟ Lnhejtjhlj# }(<# "?&;= Fktlb 4==5/9 bpp}9..|z}tjfjlnztpneohòk(hol(oh.hjq^cohg|.LIL(}è k| nh

< Ejdtzkty 4==?(

55 Odo`(

51 Odo`# }(:(

52 Dztjkz ne ]ncolj Tj|jktlb % @jujcn}fjhp "4==1/ Hkponhkc @tkep ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc

K`foho|ptkponh # }(4:5# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

5? Odo # }(;<:(

1= Odo`# }(4:2(

1; Kcpbnzab pbj pbjnty djboh` }cjk dktakohoha o| tj`zlj` |jhpjhlj| oh jrlbkhaj ent k azocpy }cjk# pbjtj o| hn |pz`y oh

Ohòk pbkp lnheotf| pbkp pbj |jhpjhlj| ktj klpzkccy tj`zlj`( Fkhy ckqyjt| lnhpjh` pbkp zh`jt pbj hjq }cjk dktakohoha

}tnuo|onh|# pbj kllz|j` jh` z} ajppoha boabjt }zho|bfjhp pbkh pbjy qnzc`# z}nh tjazckt lnhuolponh( Pbo| o| djlkz|j




pbj }cjk dktakohoha ckq }tj|ltodj| pbj fohofzf |jhpjhlj# qbolb foabp zcpofkpjcy dj boabjt pbkh pbj tjazckt izòlokc

}tklpolj ent pbj aoujh neejhlj( \ofocktcy# oh ikoc k`kckp|# kcpbnzab pbj kllz|j` ktj fn|pcy lnhuolpj` ent pbj }jton` ne

of}to|nhfjhp kctjk`y zh`jtanhj# pbo| }jton` o| nepjh fntj pbkh pbj tjazckt }jton` ne of}to|nhfjhp ent qbolb pbj

kllz|j` qnzc` bkuj djjh |jhpjhlj`( Pbjtj o| k |ptnha hjj` pn |pz`y pbj|j fjlbkho|f| etnf pbj }jt|}jlpouj ne

|jhpjhloha }tklpolj|# qbolb o| djynh` pbj |ln}j ne pbo| |pz`y(

14 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04 Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh pbjot nqh ohopokpouj

lbnn|j pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp khy dktakohoha# }(<;# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

1< Odo`# }(<4(

10 \jj |jlponh| 45:K&45:C# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<(

1: \jj hnpj 1<(

15 Dztjkz ne ]ncolj Tj|jktlb % @jujcn}fjhp "4==1/ Hkponhkc @tkep ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc

K`foho|ptkponh# }(4:1# Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

11 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04 Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh pbjot nqh ohopokpouj

lbnn|j pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp khy dktakohoha# }(;1# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

12 @t( Iz|polj K(\( Khkh` "4==</ Cjppjt pn kcc Lboje Iz|polj| ne Boab Lnztp| nh pbj }coabp ne zh`jtptokc }to|nhjt|#

Izcy ;# Lbkot}jt|nh Hkponhkc Bzfkh Toabp| Lnffo||onh# HBTL.LIL.ZP].4==<(

1? Cjppjt `kpj` 4? Hnujfdjt ;??? dy Lboje Iz|polj Khkh` k``tj||oha kcc Lboje Iz|polj| ne Boab Lnztp|7

Lotlzckt o||zj` dy Kcckbkdk` Boabp Lnztp & Lotlzckt Hn( & L(C( Hn(4?.UOOOb&;< `kpj` ;5(;4(?? kh` L(C( Hn(;:.

OOOb&K`fohA `kpj` <=(<(4===7 kh` Cjppjt o||zj` dy Boab Lnztp ne Kh`btk ]tk`j|b "T(N(L(Hn9 4<;4.N] LJCC&J.

4=== `kpj` ;?(1(4===/(

2= Pbo| o| pbj }tnlj`ztj oh Czlghnq @o|ptolp Ikoc( "|jj Khhjrztj J/

2;@ztoha k eojc` uo|op# k Fkao|ptkpj ohentfj` z| pbkp `jcky oh eocoha pbj lbktaj&|bjjp qk| lnffnh kh` qopbnzp op# pbjy

lnzc` `n hnpboha(

24 Pbj }to|nhjt| oh Czlghnq @o|ptolp Ikoc eocc oh k}}colkponh pn dj lnh|o`jtj` ent ikoc k`kckp qbolb o| entqkt`j` pn pbj

Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj "LIF/( Pbj LIF ndpkoh| pbj eocj ne pbj|j }to|nhjt| etnf pbj lnhljthj` lnztp|(

2< Pbj kfnzhp ne T|( 4=== o| tjcjukhp djlkz|j# op o| nhcy qbjh pbj ukczj ne pbj }tn}jtpy o| djcnq T|( 4=== pbkp pbj

neejhlj lkh dj lnf}nzh`j` zh`jt |jlponh <4;# Lt(](L( Pbo| lzp nee eoaztj fky dj tjcjukhp oh `jloòha qbjpbjt pbj

neejhlj ne pbjep o| }jppy nt hnp(

20 Pbj Ikocnt| Atnz} “ O# Ikocnt Atnz} “ OO# kh` \zdj`kt| "ikoc azkt`|/ djcnha pn Fkbktk|bptk Ikoc \jtuolj "Lck|| OOO

kh` OU/ Jrjlzpouj Dtkhlb( \jj Fkbktk|bptk Ikoc Fkhzkc# ;?1?( Lbk}pjt UOO \pkee Tjltzopfjhp# }(20(

2: IP ;??5"0/ \L 1=;(

25 ?4"4==;/@CP;?5(

21 Jrlj}p Fk`byk ]tk`j|b kh` Tkik|pbkh# qbjtj ikoc k`kckp| ktj hnp djoha bjc`(

22 Lboje Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj "LIF/. Lboje Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj "LFF/ nt pbj Izòlokc Fkao|ptkpj ne Eot|p Lck||

"IFEL/. Fjptn}ncopkh Fkao|ptkpj "FF/(

2?Dcklg‟| Ckq @olponhkty ";??2/ 5pb Jòponh `jeohj| k |zffkty }tnljjòha k| k –}tnljjòha dy qbolb k lnhptnujt|y

o| |jppcj`# lk|j ò|}n|j` ne# nt ptokc lnh`zlpj`# oh k }tnf}p kh` |of}cj fkhhjt#‥# qopbnzp }tj|jhpkponh nt ohòlpfjhp#




nt oh npbjt tj|}jlp|# nzp ne pbj tjazckt lnzt|j ne pbj lnffnh ckq( Oh }tnlj`ztj# }tnljjòha| ktj |ko` pn dj |zffkty

qbjh pbjy ktj |bntp kh` |of}cj oh lnf}kto|nh qopb tjazckt }tnljjòha|(

?= \jj \jlponh 45:K ";/# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<(

?; \jj \jlponh 45:K "4/# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc ]tnlj`ztj# ;?1< Pbj Ljhptkc Anujthfjhp bk| dy \(N(;=0"J/ `kpj`

;; Izcy 4==5 `jpjtfohj` qbolb neejhlj| |bkcc ekcc zh`jt pbo| |zd&|jlponh( Pbj co|p ne ;? |pkpzpnty ckq| ohlcz`j neejhlj|

kakoh|p qnfjh# lboc`tjh# kh` |lbj`zcj` lk|pj| kh` ptodj|(

?4 \zffkty ptokc }tnlj`ztj ent neejhlj }zho|bkdcj qopb of}to|nhfjhp z} pn pqn yjkt|(

?< \jj pbj }tjuonz| |jlponh ent k ò|lz||onh nh pbj fjjpoha( Kc|n |jj |jlponh 45:L kh` 45:@# Ln`j ne Ltofohkc

]tnlj`ztj# ;?1<(

?0 Qj bk` |jhp TPO k}}colkponh| |jjgoha ohentfkponh lnheotfoha pbo| ohentfkponh# bnqjujt pbj tjljouj` `kpk o|

ohk}}tn}tokpj kh` `nj| hnp fjhponh pbj npbjt lbktaj| kakoh|p k }to|nhjt ent qbolb bj foabp dj gj}p oh }to|nh(

?: Jrlj}p oh Pobkt ikoc lnf}cjr# qbjtj k `j|oahkpj` cjakc ko` lnzh|jc o| }tj|jhp ent kcc pbj kllz|j` `ztoha ikoc k`kckp(

Bnqjujt# juo`jhlj |jjf| pn ohòlkpj pbkp pbj lnzh|jc o| fntj ohpjtj|pj` oh pbj |zllj|| ne pbj ikoc k`kckp }tnlj`ztj

qbolb bk| pbj dklgoha ne pbj izòlokty kh` pbj cjakc |jtuolj| kzpbntopy# tkpbjt pbkh oh }tnpjlpoha pbj ohpjtj|p ne pbj

kllz|j`(

?5 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04h` Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh pbjot nqh

ohopokpouj lbnn|j pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp dktakohoha# }( ;1# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

?1 Czlghnq @o|ptolp ]to|nh \z}jtohpjh`jhp ohentfj` z| pbkp ne pbj }to|nhjt| k}}colkponh| entqkt`j` pn pbjot tj|}jlpouj

lnztp nhcy 4= }jt ljhp ktj }tnlj||j` kh` bjkt` oh ikoc k`kckp|( Pbj tj|p 2= }jt ljhp bkuj pn tjk}}cy(

?2 \jj Lbk}pjt OO ne pbo| tj}ntp "pbj |jlponh nh |jhpjhloha/(

?? K| lopj` dy pbj Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04h` Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh

pbjot nqh ohopokpouj lbnn|j pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp dktakohoha# }(;5# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

;== Dztjkz ne ]ncolj Tj|jktlb % @jujcn}fjhp "4==1/ Hkponhkc @tkep ]ncoly nh ]to|nh Tjentf| kh` Lnttjlponhkc

K`foho|ptkponh # Foho|pty ne Bnfj Keekot|# }(;;4# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

;=; Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04h` Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh pbjot nqh

ohopokpouj lbnn|j pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp dktakohoha# }( 4=# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

;=4 Ckq Lnffo||onh ne Ohòk ";??;/ ;04h` Tj}ntp nh Lnhlj||onhkc Ptjkpfjhp ent Neejh`jt| qbn nh pbjot nqh

ohopokpouj lbnn|j pn }cjk` azocpy qopbnzp dktakohoha# }(;2# Anujthfjhp ne Ohòk(

;=< \jj \jlponh <# ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp ;?:2(

;=0 \jj \jlponh 0# ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp ;?:2(

;=: \jj \jlponh ;4# ]tndkponh ne Neejh`jt| Klp ;?:2(

;=5 Pbo| o| k }tnlj`ztj ent |zffkty ò|}n|kc kh` |jjf| pn dj ohlnttjlpcy fjhponhj` k| kh neejhlj(




LBTO ]tnatkffj|

LBTO‟| qntg o| dk|j` nh pbj djcoje pbkp ent bzfkh toabp|# ajhzohj jfnltkly kh` jujcn}fjhp pn djlnfj k tjkcopy oh

}jn}cj‟| couj|# pbjtj fz|p dj boab |pkh`kt`| kh` ezhlponhkc fjlbkho|f| ent kllnzhpkdocopy kh` }ktpolo}kponh qopboh

pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb kh` op| fjfdjt lnzhptoj|( Kllntòhacy# oh k`òponh pn k dtnk` bzfkh toabp| kùnlkly }tnatkffj#

LBTO kùnlkpj| kllj|| pn ohentfkponh kh` kllj|| pn iz|polj( Op nj| pbo| pbtnzab tj|jktlb# }zdcolkponh|# qntg|bn}|#

ohentfkponh o||jfohkponh kh` kùnlkly(

Bzfkh Toabp| Kùnlkly9

LBTO fkgj| tjazckt |zdfo||onh| pn neeolokc Lnffnhqjkcpb dnòj| kh` fjfdjt anujthfjhp|( Etnf pofj pn pofj

LBTO lnh`zlp| eklp eohòha fo||onh| kh` |ohlj ;??:# bk| |jhp fo||onh| pn Hoajtok# Ykfdok# Eoio O|ckh`| kh` \ojttk

Cjnhj( LBTO kc|n lnntòhkpj| pbj Lnffnhqjkcpb Bzfkh Toabp| Hjpqntg# qbolb dtoha| pnajpbjt oujt|j atnz}| pn

dzoc` pbjot lnccjlpouj }nqjt pn kùnlkpj ent bzfkh toabp|( LBTO‟| Fjòk Zhop kc|n jh|ztj| pbkp bzfkh toabp| o||zj|

ktj oh pbj }zdcol lnh|lonz|hj||(

Kllj|| pn Ohentfkponh9

LBTO lkpkcy|j| louoc |nlojpy kh` anujthfjhp| pn pkgj klponh# klp| k| k bzd ne pjlbholkc jr}jtpo|j oh |z}}ntp ne |ptnha

cjao|ckponh# kh` k||o|p| }ktphjt| qopb of}cjfjhpkponh ne ann` }tklpolj( LBTO qntg| lncckdntkpoujcy qopb cnlkc atnz}|

kh` neeolokc|# dzocòha anujthfjhp kh` louoc |nlojpy lk}klopy k| qjcc k| kùnlkpoha qopb }ncoly&fkgjt|( LBTO o| klpouj

oh \nzpb K|ok# fn|p tjljhpcy |z}}ntpoha pbj |zllj||ezc lkf}koah ent k hkponhkc ckq oh Ohòk7 }tnuo`j| cjakc tkepoha

|z}}ntp kh` oh}zp| oh Ketolk7 kh` oh pbj ]kloeol# qntg| qopb tjaonhkc kh` hkponhkc ntakho|kponh| pn lkpkcy|j ohpjtj|p oh

kllj|| cjao|ckponh(

Kllj|| pn Iz|polj9

]ncolj Tjentf|9 Oh pnn fkhy lnzhptoj| pbj }ncolj ktj |jjh k| n}}tj||ouj oh|ptzfjhp| ne |pkpj tkpbjt pbkh k|

}tnpjlpnt| ne lopojh|‟ toabp|# cjkòha pn qo`j|}tjk` toabp| uonckponh| kh` `jhokc ne iz|polj( LBTO }tnfnpj| |y|pjfol

tjentf |n pbkp }ncolj klp k| z}bnc`jt| ne pbj tzcj ne ckq tkpbjt pbkh k| oh|ptzfjhp| ne pbj lzttjhp tjaofj( Oh Ohòk#

LBTO‟| }tnatkffj kof| kp fndoco|oha }zdcol |z}}ntp ent }ncolj tjentf( Oh Jk|p Ketolk kh` Abkhk# LBTO o| jrkfohoha

}ncolj kllnzhpkdocopy o||zj| kh` }ncopolkc ohpjtejtjhlj(

]to|nh Tjentf|9 LBTO‟| qntg o| enlz|j` nh ohltjk|oha ptkh|}ktjhly ne k ptkòponhkccy lcn|j` |y|pjf kh`

jr}n|oha fkc}tklpolj( K fkint ktjk o| enlz|j` nh boabcoabpoha ekocztj| ne pbj cjakc |y|pjf pbkp tj|zcp oh pjttodcj

nujtltnqòha kh` zhlnh|lonhkdcy cnha }tj&ptokc `jpjhponh kh` }to|nh nujt|pky|# kh` jhakaoha oh ohpjtujhponh| pn

jk|j pbo|( Khnpbjt ktjk ne lnhljhptkponh o| kofj` kp tjuouoha pbj }to|nh nujt|oabp |y|pjf| pbkp bkuj lnf}cjpjcy ekocj`(

Qj djcojuj pbkp kppjhponh pn pbj|j ktjk| qocc dtoha of}tnujfjhp| pn pbj k`foho|ptkponh ne }to|nh| k| qjcc k| bkuj k

ghnlg nh jeejlp nh pbj k`foho|ptkponh ne iz|polj nujtkcc(

Report on Jail Adalats in India 2009- Liberty at the Cost of Innocence

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