Report on Brackish Source Water Exploration in the San ......Report on Brackish Source Water...

Report on

Brackish Source Water Exploration

in the San Angelo, Texas Area

Prepared for: Upper Colorado River Authority Texas Water Development Board

April 2008

LBG-GUYTON ASSOCIATES Professional Groundwater and Environmental Services

1101 S. Capital of Texas Highway, Suite B-220 Austin, Texas 78746

Report on Brackish Source Water Exploration

i LBG-Guyton Associates

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 2 Parks-1 Test Hole................................................................................................................................ 4 Schlinke-1 Test Hole........................................................................................................................... 6 Schmidt-1 Test Hole ........................................................................................................................... 7 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................. 10 References......................................................................................................................................... 12

Figures, Tables, and Appendices

(located at end of report) Figure 1 Conceptual Geologic Cross Section Figure 2 Clear Fork Group and Whitehorse Wells Near San Angelo Figure 3 Test Locations Figure 4 Parks-1 Location Map Figure 5 Photograph of Parks-1 Formation Sample Figure 6 Parks-1 Test Hole Figure 7 Schlinke-1 Location Map Figure 8 Schlinke-1 Test Hole Figure 9 Schmidt-1 Location Map Figure 10 Photograph of Schmidt-1 Formation Sample Figure 11 Schmidt-1 Test Well Figure 12 Schmidt-1 Pumping Test Hydrograph Figure 13 Schmidt-1 Pumping Test Semilog Plot Table 1 Test Site Dates Table 2 Schmidt-1 Interval Sampling Results Table 3 Schmidt-1 Test Well Sampling Results Appendix A Parks-1 Test Hole (formation log, analytical results, geophysical log) Appendix B Schlinke-1 Test Hole (formation log, geophysical log) Appendix C Schmidt-1 Test Well (formation log, geophysical log, analytical results)


- 1 - LBG-Guyton Associates

Executive Summary This report documents the results of an exploration of potential brackish groundwater sources for desalination near San Angelo, Texas at the request of the City of San Angelo, the Upper Colorado River Authority, and the Texas Water Development Board. The Permian-age Whitehorse Formation and Clear Fork Group were chosen for exploration based on previous work identifying these formations as potential brackish groundwater sources. In an attempt to investigate a full section of these aquifers and to target areas without established use of this brackish groundwater, exploration areas in eastern Irion and western Tom Green Counties were chosen. Because of the poor water quality in these formations and the existence of fresh water in the overlying Edwards-Trinity Aquifer, there are virtually no existing water wells completed in Permian-age formations in this area, and there is therefore very little existing water quality and production rate information for these formations in this area. Three test sites were chosen, two targeting the Whitehorse Formation in Irion County and one targeting the Clear Fork in western Tom Green County. A test hole was completed at each of the sites. A test well was constructed at only the Clear Fork exploration site in western Tom Green County. As a result of the two exploration test holes in the Whitehorse formation in the area of eastern Irion County, it appears that this formation does not contain water of appropriate quality for desalination in this area. Further, wells completed in the Whitehorse in this area are not likely to produce water at sufficient rates for municipal supply needs. Further exploration in the Whitehorse for a desalination source water for the City of San Angelo is not recommended. The Clear Fork formation in the area of western Tom Green County appears to offer greater production potential than the Whitehorse, although the test well completed in the Clear Fork demonstrated relatively limited productive capacity (about 45 gpm) for municipal supply use for a city the size of San Angelo. There is very little quantitative data regarding the productive capacity of water wells completed in the Clear Fork in this area, so it cannot be determined whether areas of greater production exist in this formation with the current available data. Additional exploratory test holes and test wells might identify areas in this section of the Clear Fork with better production, but there is no guarantee of success with further exploration. The Clear Fork test well produced a brackish water of 3,990 mg/L total dissolved solids, with an estimated desalination yield of 80%. The radium concentration of the produced water was relatively high. The radium appears to be sourced from a particular interval within the well. While this radium is efficiently removed in the desalination process, reduction of the radium concentration through site selection or through well construction controls is desirable in order to ease permitting of concentrate disposal wells.



Introduction This report documents the results of an exploration of potential brackish groundwater sources for desalination near San Angelo, Texas at the request of the City of San Angelo, the Upper Colorado River Authority, and the Texas Water Development Board. The City of San Angelo used an extensive public process to evaluate potential strategies to meet the City's future water needs. In February of 2004, the San Angelo City Council, the Citizen's Water Advisory Board, and City Staff published the results of this process, which identified five preferred strategies. One of these five was to "Identify and develop fresh and brackish groundwater alternatives". The Region F Water Planning Group followed by naming desalination as one of 10 potentially feasible strategies to meet the water supply needs of the City of San Angelo as a wholesale water provider. A descriptive evaluation of this strategy option appears on page 4-197 of the 2006 Region F Regional Water Plan. A previous study (LBG-Guyton Associates, 2005) identified the Permian-age Whitehorse Formation and Clear Fork Group as possible brackish groundwater sources. These formations crop out on the eastern and central portion of Tom Green County, and dip to the west. Figure 1 presents a conceptual cross section of these formations in the San Angelo area. There is some use of the Whitehorse Formation for wells in Coke County and in other parts of western Texas. The Clear Fork group also yields moderate to large quantities of water to wells in eastern Coke and Tom Green Counties. Figure 2 shows the location of wells completed in the Whitehorse and Clear Fork Formations in this area. Neither of these areas, however, represent a full section of the aquifer and wells are generally low-yielding as a result. Further, because these locations are near the outcrop, the water quality is generally better than in downdip locations and therefore both of these locations have established uses of this groundwater. In particular, the Clear Fork wells in eastern Tom Green County are heavily used for irrigation purposes. In an attempt to investigate a full section of these aquifers and to target areas without established use of this brackish groundwater, exploration areas in eastern Irion and western Tom Green Counties were chosen. Because of the poor water quality in these formations and the existence of fresh water in the overlying Edwards-Trinity Aquifer, there are virtually no existing water wells completed in Permian-age formations in this area, and there is therefore very little existing water quality and production rate information for these formations in this area. Numerous oil-field geophysical logs were used to select three test locations during the course of the exploration (Figure 3). Specifications for the exploration were prepared and the exploration drilling contract was awarded to West Texas Water Well Service of Odessa, Texas in a competitive bid process in late 2006. Drilling commenced in April 2007. The initial phase of exploration targeted the Whitehorse Formation at its full thickness in eastern Irion County. The first test hole location in this formation was near the existing artesian well completed in the top



of the Whitehorse. This well had promising production and water quality, and the objective of the test hole near this well was to investigate the full thickness of the Whitehorse at this location. A second location approximately eight miles to the north of the first was chosen with a similar objective of investigating the full thickness and spatial extent of the Whitehorse. After the first two test holes both indicated poor water quality and production rates from the full extent of the Whitehorse, and the formation was found to have similar geologic character in both locations, a third test hole in the Whitehorse was not attempted. Instead, a location was chosen in western Tom Green County to explore a particularly thick section of the Clear Fork Group informally known as the "Clear Fork Reef." Test hole results at this location were promising enough to merit test well construction and testing. The results of these activities are described by location in the following sections. Supplementary data are to be found in the appendices. The dates of performance of various phases of the work at the test sites are given in Table 1.



Parks-1 Test Hole The first test hole (Parks-1) was located on the Howard Parks property near the flowing well tested by LBG-Guyton Associates in December, 2004 (Figure 4). This existing flowing well is cased to a depth of 180 ft and produces from the 180 ft to 202 ft (total depth) interval, which only represents a very small interval near the top of the Whitehorse Formation. The pumping test on this existing well indicated a negative boundary was reached early in the test, and the long-term transmissivity calculated from pumping test data was 4,130 gpd/ft. Water chemistry analyses performed on a sample collected from the existing well indicated the water was saturated with respect to gypsum. Gypsum saturation can pose significant challenges to the desalination treatment process. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) result from this sample was 5,160 mg/L. The goal of the 2007 test hole was to explore the full thickness of the Whitehorse at this location. Geophysical and lithologic logs available from historical oil test holes suggested that there was a significant amount of sand in the Whitehorse in eastern Irion County, although no water quality or production information was available from these sources. Test hole drilling was performed with the air rotary method, which has the advantage of allowing an estimate of both production and water quality as the test hole is being drilled. Cuttings were logged at ten-foot intervals, and the entire hole was logged with a geophysical logging suite consisting of gamma, SP, caliper, and resistivity with multiple electrode spacings. Before the test hole proceeded into the Whitehorse, a 16-inch steel surface casing was set to the top of the formation to protect the overlying fresh groundwater from any brackish water below. Unlike the existing Parks well, no artesian flow was observed from the Parks-1 test hole, although the water level in the test hole did rise very slowly to a level near the surface over a period of a few days. The top of the Whitehorse was at a depth of 160 ft at this location, and the test hole was terminated at the base of 790 ft. The Whitehorse in this location is primarily comprised of fine gray cemented sand, with streaks of pyritic dolomite and shale. A photograph of this fine gray cemented sand under 10x magnification is given in Figure 5. When the total depth of the test hole was reached, the hole was pumped by the air rotary drill stem discharge and an informal water sample was collected and analyzed by the City of San Angelo. The analytical results indicate a sodium-chloride type of water with very high (greater than 20,000 mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS) content that would generally offer low desalination yields. Further, the formation produced at a very low rate from this air pumping, approximately 10 gallons per minute (gpm).



The test hole was plugged by cement placed by tremie pipe under pressure from the total depth of 790 ft to a level inside the surface casing of 150 ft below ground surface. The surface casing was left open to 150 ft in order to allow the landowner the option of making a well by perforating the casing at a shallow freshwater interval. A drawing of the test hole is presented in Figure 6. Appendix A contains the formation sample descriptions, geophysical log, and water sample analytical results.



Schlinke-1 Test Hole The second exploratory test hole (Schlinke-1) was located on the Schlinke property approximately eight miles northwest of the Parks-1 location. A location map is given in Figure 7. As with the Parks-1 location, geophysical and lithologic logs available from historical oil test holes suggested that there was a significant amount of sand at this location, and the Schlinke-1 test hole was drilled to assess the water quality and productive capacity of the Whitehorse at this location. Test hole drilling was performed with the air rotary method, which has the advantage of allowing an estimate of both production and water quality as the test hole is being drilled. Cuttings were logged at ten-foot intervals, and the entire hole was logged with a geophysical logging suite consisting of gamma, SP, and resistivity with multiple electrode spacings. Before the test hole proceeded into the Whitehorse, a 16-inch steel surface casing was set to the top of the formation to protect the overlying fresh groundwater from any brackish water below. The top of the Whitehorse was at 131 ft at this location, and the test hole was terminated at the base of 790 ft. The Whitehorse in this location was found to be very similar in character to the Parks-1 location; it is primarily comprised of similarly fine gray cemented sand, with streaks of pyritic dolomite and shale. When the total depth of the test hole was reached, the hole was pumped by the air rotary drill stem discharge, but the flow was too low (approximately 3 gpm) to clean the hole out for an adequate sample. Field measurement of the discharge indicated a conductivity in excess of 50,000 µS/cm, which is an indication that the water in the formation is of too poor quality to be a feasible desalination source. The production potential is also clearly poor at this location. The test hole was plugged by cement placed by tremie pipe under pressure from the total depth of 790 ft to a level inside the surface casing of 131 ft below ground surface. The surface casing was left open to 131 ft in order to allow the landowner the option of making a well by perforating the casing at a shallow freshwater interval. A drawing of the test hole is presented in Figure 8. Appendix B contains the formation sample descriptions and geophysical log.



Schmidt-1 Test Hole The third exploratory test hole (Schmidt-1) was located on the Schmidt property approximately one mile south of Knickerbocker in western Tom Green County. A location map is given in Figure 9. The purpose of this test hole was to investigate a particularly thick section of the Clear Fork group known informally as the "Clear Fork Reef." An anecdotal report of an historical flowing test hole drilled by cable tools north of Knickerbocker, combined with area geophysical logs, suggested exploration of the formation at this location. Test hole drilling was performed with the air rotary method until a depth of 530 feet was reached. Sloughing from overlying shale into the test hole made mud rotary drilling necessary from that point forward. Cuttings were logged at ten-foot intervals, and the entire hole was logged with a geophysical logging suite consisting of gamma, caliper, SP, and resistivity with multiple electrode spacings. Although no fresh groundwater was encountered during drilling at this location, a 12-inch steel surface casing was set to the base of the Cretaceous at 145 ft to protect this formation from any brackish water below. A large aboveground clay containment structure (approximately 100 ft wide x 100 ft long x 5 feet high) was constructed to contain the brackish waters discharged during all test pumping at this site. Evaporation of the limited amount of water discharged during test pumping made further management unnecessary. The top of the Clear Fork dolomite was at 460 ft at this location, and the test hole was terminated at a depth of 1,031 ft. A small amount of brackish water was produced during air rotary drilling beginning at a depth of 520 ft. Mud rotary drilling prevented estimates of water quality and quantity produced from the test hole for depths greater than 530 ft. The formation samples indicated the Clear Fork is primarily comprised of a tan dolomite with interbedded shale and pyrite. Vugular porosity was evident in many of the dolomite formation cutting samples, particularly in the upper portion of the dolomite. A photograph of one of the dolomite samples under 10x magnification is presented in Figure 10. The dolomite became very hard at a depth of approximately 630 ft, significantly increasing drilling times throughout the rest of the test hole. In order to evaluate the water quality and productive capacity of the test hole, small temporary discharge sections were constructed at three 30-ft depth intervals: 903 ft to 933 ft, 675 ft to 705 ft, and 615 ft to 645 ft. The intervals were isolated and pumped with air at a rate of 10 to 15 gpm. After the drilling fluid was removed, a water sample was collected from each interval and analyzed for selected constituents. The results of these sample analyses are summarized in Table 2. The deepest interval (903-933 ft) produced the poorest-quality water, with a TDS of 65,800 mg/L. The 675-705 ft and 615-645 ft intervals produced better quality water in general, with TDS of 8,140 mg/L and 7,040 mg/L, respectively. All three intervals produced a sodium-chloride type of water.



Based on these results, a test well was constructed by reaming the hole to a depth of 505 ft and setting and pressure cementing a 7-inch steel casing with threaded connections. Monitoring the discharge from the subsequent hole cleanout with air indicated the water quality degraded very quickly below a depth of 700 ft, and therefore cement was placed in the hole under pressure from the total depth to a depth of 687 ft to isolate the well from this poorer-quality water. A drawing of the test well is presented in Figure 11. Appendix C contains the formation sample descriptions, geophysical log, and water sample analytical results. This well was developed over a period of two days. The pumping rate during development was 52 gpm, with a drawdown of 375 ft after 1.5 hours. Based on this information, a constant-rate pumping test was performed at a discharge rate of 23 gpm. This rate ensured the aquifer would be adequately stressed without the risk of the pump breaking suction during the test. The pumping period for the test was 18 hours, with a 12-hour recovery data collection period. The static water level on October 9, 2007 just before the start of the test at 8:00 AM was 51.71 ft below top of casing (BTOC). The casing height above ground surface was 1.60 ft. The drawdown at the end of the 18-hour pumping period was 187 feet, for a pumping level of approximately 239 ft below top of casing. A hydrograph of the pumping and recovery periods is shown in Figure 12. At about 4:00 PM on October 9 a sample valve was opened to fill a sample barrel, resulting in a temporary reduction in pumping head, and therefore an increase in discharge and drawdown. This event had a negligible effect on the test results. Analysis of the pumping test suggests a slightly lower transmissivity in the near-wellbore than farther out into the formation. The estimated formation transmissivity at this location for the 505-687 ft interval is 200 gpd/ft (Figure 13). Assuming a pump setting of 505 ft, the maximum sustained pumping rate for this well is approximately 45 gpm. The production rate from this well could potentially be improved to as much as 75 gpm by the use of well stimulation techniques such as acidization, and in a production situation (such as in a wellfield) these techniques would be recommended to maximize yield from the well. However, at this exploration stage very little if any additional information about the aquifer as a whole would be gained through the use of these techniques. Further, even increasing the yield to 75 gpm would be ineffective for demonstrative purposes. Therefore, given the cost of these techniques they were not recommended. A water sample was collected from the Schmidt-1 test well near the end of the pumping period and submitted for analysis. The results are given in Table 3. The water was a sodium-chloride type of water with a TDS content of 3,990 mg/L. The estimated treated desalination yield of this water is 80%, which is in the upper range of that estimated in the 2006 Initial Feasibility Assessment report (Freese and Nichols and LBG-Guyton Associates, 2006). There was a strong hydrogen sulfide odor in the water. This hydrogen sulfide reacts with the steel casing and produces pyrite if the well is not pumped for a time. The produced water from the formation itself is virtually colorless. The hydrogen sulfide is not expected to effect treatment



yields, but it should be reduced in concentration during treatment for corrosion prevention, aesthetic, and possibly regulatory purposes. The radium-226 concentration is elevated. This radium is probably due to the presence of a black organic shale in the producing interval that exhibited a strong response on the gamma log. Radium is easily removed in the treatment process, but very high radium concentrations in the reject concentrate can require additional treatment to reduce the radium concentration before the reject concentrate can be disposed of in an injection well. The well was completed with a locking cap, and the site was returned to grade. The well may be useful in the future for water level monitoring purposes, but due to elevated levels of dissolved solids, fluoride, radium, and other constituents of concern it is not suitable as a domestic or livestock source without treatment. Caution and perhaps some monitoring equipment should also be used when opening the well casing, as there is a possibility that dangerous levels of hydrogen sulfide could develop inside the closed well casing over time.



Conclusions and Recommendations The Whitehorse formation in the area of eastern Irion County does not contain water of appropriate quality for desalination. Further, wells completed in the Whitehorse in this area are not likely to produce water at sufficient rates for municipal supply needs. Further exploration in the Whitehorse for a desalination source water for the City of San Angelo is not recommended. The Clear Fork formation in the area of western Tom Green County appears to offer greater production potential than the Whitehorse, although the Schmidt property test well completed in the Clear Fork demonstrated relatively limited productive capacity for municipal supply use for a city the size of San Angelo. There is very little quantitative data regarding the productive capacity of water wells completed in the Clear Fork in this area, so it cannot be determined whether areas of greater production exist in this formation with the current available data. Additional exploratory test holes and test wells might identify areas in this section of the Clear Fork with better production, but there is no guarantee of success with further exploration. The quality of the water produced by the Schmidt property test well is treatable by desalination with an estimated yield of 80%. Hydrochemical facies and dissolved solids concentrations are generally not as spatially variable as productive capacity in a consolidated formation, and so the treatability of the water is expected to remain relatively consistent in the Clear Fork in this area. The radium-226 concentration (39.2 pCi/L) is relatively high in waters produced by the Schmidt test well. This is due in part to the fact that the test well was constructed to capture a large formation interval for productivity testing, including some shale intervals that appear to contain high levels of radium. The radium concentration from the test well is such that if this well were used as a production well, the desalination concentrate would be above the limit specified for Class I non-hazardous underground injection (60 pCi/L for Ra-226). Desalination is very efficient at removing radium, so the potential problem with this radium concentration lies in disposal and not treatment. If sufficient productive capacity were found elsewhere in this section of the Clear Fork to demonstrate that it is a feasible desalination source, the radium concentration in the groundwater in that area would need to be determined to address this potential disposal problem. Assuming a desalination yield of 80%, the radium concentration would need to be about 12 pCi/L or less to result in a concentrate level of less than 60 pCi/L for Class I non-hazardous disposal. If elevated levels of radium were found elsewhere in the formation, the radium concentration in the desalination concentrate could possibly be reduced in a wellfield production setting by one or a combination of the following methods:

1. Using existing geophysical logs to identify spatial areas that do not exhibit the characteristics of high radium concentrations. UCRA is currently conducting a study of existing geophysical logs to assess the spatial extent of the radium-rich intervals.



2. Constructing the production well in such a way as to limit the amount of water produced from intervals with high radium concentrations. This would most likely involve setting casing below such intervals, and perforating above them to recover production intervals lost to the casing.

3. Reducing the radium concentration of the injectate through dilution or additional

treatment. Dilution has the drawback of reducing desalination yields and increasing disposal volumes, and additional treatment has the drawback of producing a secondary waste stream that could not be injected into a Class I non-hazardous disposal well.

The primary concerns to be addressed in additional exploration, therefore, are finding greater productive capacity and limiting radium concentrations through site selection or engineering controls, if possible. As for regulatory concerns, recent rulemaking developments promise to make permitting the disposal of non-hazardous desalination concentrate through deep well injection easier. New rules have been proposed by TCEQ that will make permitting of desalination concentrate injection wells much easier and less expensive. These rules should be published for comment in March 2008, with a target adoption date of July or August 2008. The new proposed rules would allow Class I disposal of non-hazardous desalination concentrate by general permit, which will greatly facilitate the authorization of disposal wells. Also included in the proposed rules would be a reduction of the State's technical standards for these wells to standards similar to federal standards for Class I non-hazardous injection wells. Federal standards for Class I non-hazardous wells are similar to Class II well requirements, and Class II operators may elect to obtain a dual permit for Class II and Class I injection of desalination concentrate. Further, only a Texas Railroad Commission permit would be needed for the injection of non-hazardous desalination concentrate for the purposes of enhanced oil and gas recovery. A detailed geophysical log study should be performed to delineate the full extent and thickness of this Clear Fork "reef" structure before any further exploration is considered. Also, geophysical logs should be studied to determine whether the intervals of high radium concentration observed in the Schmidt test well are likely to be a geographically local or more widespread phenomenon. UCRA is currently performing a log study that will complete these formation delineation and radium persistence tasks.



References Freese and Nichols and LBG-Guyton Associates, 2006. San Angelo Groundwater Evaluation

Phase I Report, Initial Feasibility Assessment. Report prepared for the City of San Angelo, the Upper Colorado River Authority, and the Texas Water Development Board

LBG-Guyton Associates, 2005. An evaluation of Triassic and Permian brackish groundwater sources in the San Angelo, Texas area. Report prepared for Texas Water Development Board Planning Region F.

LBG-Guyton Associates, 2006. City of San Angelo Brackish Source Groundwater Test Program

Construction Documents and Project Manual. Specifications developed for the City of San Angelo, the Upper Colorado River Authority, and the Texas Water Development Board.


LBG-Guyton Associates

FIGURES

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Legend

Parks-1 Test Hole

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Legend

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± Figure 9: Schmidt-1 Location MapTom Green County, Texas


LegendSchmidt-1 Test Well

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10/9/07 0:0010/9/07 1:0010/9/07 2:0010/9/07 3:0010/9/07 4:0010/9/07 5:0010/9/07 6:0010/9/07 7:0010/9/07 8:0010/9/07 9:00

10/9/07 10:0010/9/07 11:0010/9/07 12:0010/9/07 13:0010/9/07 14:0010/9/07 15:0010/9/07 16:0010/9/07 17:0010/9/07 18:0010/9/07 19:0010/9/07 20:0010/9/07 21:0010/9/07 22:0010/9/07 23:0010/10/07 0:0010/10/07 1:0010/10/07 2:0010/10/07 3:0010/10/07 4:0010/10/07 5:0010/10/07 6:0010/10/07 7:0010/10/07 8:0010/10/07 9:00

10/10/07 10:0010/10/07 11:0010/10/07 12:0010/10/07 13:0010/10/07 14:00

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TABLES

Table 1: Test Site Dates

Test Site Driller Drilling Start Date

Drilling/Construction Completion Date Water Sampling Date(s) Plugging

Date

Parks-1West Texas Water Well

Service4/16/2007 5/7/2007 5/7/2007 5/8/2007

Schlinke-1West Texas Water Well

Service5/19/2007 6/13/2007 Not Applicable 6/13/2007

Schmidt-1West Texas Water Well

Service7/18/2007 9/28/2007

Sept. 8, 9, 10 (test hole intervals); Oct. 10, 2007

(test well)

Not Applicable

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cium

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nesi

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Pota

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Man

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g/L

mg/

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g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

LS

CH

IMD

T-1-

903-

933

9/8/

2007

0.06

731,

770

67

820

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359

38.9

0.04

210.

237

SC

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1-67

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903-

933

9/8/

2007

65,8

00

11

.687

,400

7.33

401

SC

HIM

DT-

1-67

5-70

59/

10/2

007

8,14

0

12.1

13,3

00

7.

9164

8S

CH

IMD

T-1-

615-

645

9/12

/200

77,

040

18

.311

,100

7.99

722

Not

es:

1. T

he la

st tw

o se

quen

ces

of d

igits

in th

e sa

mpl

e ID

den

ote

the

dept

h in

terv

al o

f the

sam

ple.

2. U

nits

: mg/

L (m

illig

ram

s pe

r lite

r), µ

S/c

m (m

icro

siem

ens

per c

entim

eter

), m

g/L

CaC

O3 (

mill

igra

ms

per l

iter a

s ca

lciu

m c

arbo

nate

)

Cat

ions

Oth

er

Ani

ons

Tabl

e 3:

Sch

mid

t-1 T

est W

ell S

ampl

ing

Res

ults

Sam

ple

Dat

e 10

/10/

2007

, at E

nd o

f Pum

ping

Per

iod

Bar

ium

Cal

cium

Mag

nesi

umSo

dium

Pota

ssiu

mSt

ront

ium

Man

gane

seIro

nA

rsen

icm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

0.02

4671

.932

.61,

340

41

.11.

620.

0281

< 0.

051

< 0.

002

Bic

arbo

nate

Car

bona

teSu

lfate

Chl

orid

eFl

uorid

em

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

mg/

Lm

g/L

1,10

4

< 1

384

1,50

0

5.99

Dis

solv

ed S

olid

sSi

lica

Con

duct

ivity

pHA

lkal

inity

mg/

Lm

g/L

µS/c

mm

g/L

CaC

O3

3,99

0

32.8

6,73

0

7.74

905

Ura

nium

Gro

ss A

lpha

Gro

ss B

eta

Rad

ium

-226

Rad

ium

-228

µg/L

pCi/L

pCi/L

pCi/L

pCi/L

0.41

105

59.0

39.2

2.0

Not

e on

Uni

ts: m

g/L

(mill

igra

ms

per l

iter)

, µg/

L (m

icro

gram

s pe

r lite

r), µ

S/c

m (m

icro

siem

ens

per c

entim

eter

), pC

i/L (p

icoc

urie

s pe

r lite

r)

mg/

L C

aCO

3 (m

illig

ram

s pe

r lite

r as

calc

ium

car

bona

te)

Ani

ons

Oth

er

Rad

iolo

gica

l

Cat

ions



APPENDICES

Appendix A – Parks Test Hole

Formation Descriptions Analytical Results Geophysical Log

Park

s-1

Test

Hol

e Fo

rmat

ion

Sam

ple

Des

crip

tions

Inte

rval

Des

crip

tion

50-6

0R

ed s

hale

and

whi

te li

mes

tone

60-7

0R

ed s

hale

70-8

0R

ed s

hale

80-9

0R

ed s

hale

, mos

t at 9

0'90

-100

Red

sha

le, d

ry10

0-11

0R

ed s

hale

, wet

@ 1

00'

110-

120

Whi

te s

hale

and

cem

ente

d sa

nd. S

light

reac

tion

to a

cid.

Tig

ht c

emen

tatio

n12

0-13

0C

emen

ted

sand

and

gra

y sh

ale

130-

140

Red

cla

y15

0-16

0G

ray

clay

, bla

ck c

oal c

hips

at 1

50'

170-

180

Cem

ent b

row

n an

d gr

ay s

ands

tone

180-

190

Sof

t bro

wn

sand

ston

e, lo

w re

turn

s, fi

ne g

rain

ed19

0-20

0B

row

n sa

ndst

one,

som

e re

d sa

ndst

one.

Sof

t gra

y sa

ndst

one

@ 1

95',

very

fine

gra

ined

100-

210

Gra

y sa

ndst

one,

ver

y fin

e gr

aine

d21

0-22

0G

ray

sand

ston

e, v

ery

fine

grai

ned,

w/s

ome

gyps

um22

0-23

0G

ypsu

m23

0-24

0G

ypsu

m w

/dol

omite

. Som

e re

actio

n to

HC

l. W

hite

240-

250

Gra

y sa

ndst

one,

ver

y fin

e25

0-26

0B

row

n sa

ndst

one,

fine

to m

ediu

m, o

ily26

0-27

0Fi

ne g

ray

sand

ston

e27

0-28

0Fi

ne g

ray

sand

ston

e28

0-29

0Fi

ne g

ray

sand

ston

e29

0-30

0Fi

ne g

ray

sand

ston

e30

0-31

0R

ed li

me,

gre

en s

hale

and

gra

y sa

ndst

one

310-

320

Gra

y sa

ndst

one,

fine

to m

ediu

m, c

oars

er th

an b

efor

e32

0-33

0Fi

ne to

med

ium

san

d33

0-34

0Fi

ne to

med

ium

san

d, g

ray

340-

350

Fine

to m

ediu

m s

and,

gra

y35

0-36

0Fi

ne to

med

ium

san

d, g

ray

360-

370

Fine

to m

ediu

m s

and,

gra

y37

0-38

0Fi

ne to

med

ium

san

d, g

ray

380-

390

Fine

to m

ediu

m s

and,

gra

y39

0-40

0Fi

ne to

med

ium

san

d, g

ray

400-

410

Fine

to m

ediu

m s

and,

gra

y41

0-42

0Fi

ne to

med

ium

san

d, g

ray

420-

430

Ver

y fin

e sa

ndst

one

w/li

me

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Park

s-1

Test

Hol

e Fo

rmat

ion

Sam

ple

Des

crip

tions

430-

440

Ver

y fin

e sa

ndst

one

gray

, les

s lim

e44

0-45

0V

ery

fine

sand

ston

e, g

ray,

som

e gy

psum

450-

460

Ver

y fin

e sa

ndst

one,

gra

y46

0-47

0D

arke

r gra

y sa

ndst

one,

a li

ttle

coar

ser g

rain

ed47

0-48

0V

ery

fine

sand

ston

e, li

ght g

ray

480-

490

Ver

y fin

e sa

ndst

one,

ligh

t gra

y49

0-50

0V

ery

fine

sand

ston

e, li

ght g

ray

500-

510

Sam

e as

abo

ve w

/som

e gy

psum

510-

520

Ver

y fin

e sa

ndst

one,

dar

k gr

ay52

0-53

0V

ery

fine

tinte

d sa

ndst

one,

bro

wn

to g

ray

530-

540

Ver

y fin

e tin

ted

sand

ston

e, b

row

n to

gra

y54

0-55

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

calc

areo

us s

ands

tone

550-

560

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay a

nd fi

ne b

row

n ca

lcar

eous

san

dsto

ne56

0-57

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e57

0-58

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e58

0-59

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e59

0-60

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e60

0-61

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e, w

/gyp

sum

610-

620

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay a

nd fi

ne b

row

n sa

ndst

one

w/d

olom

ite a

nd g

ypsu

m62

0-63

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e w

/dol

omite

and

gyp

sum

630-

640

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay a

nd fi

ne b

row

n sa

ndst

one

w/d

olom

ite a

nd g

ypsu

m64

0-65

0V

ery

fine

gray

and

fine

bro

wn

sand

ston

e w

/dol

omite

and

gyp

sum

650-

660

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay a

nd fi

ne b

row

n sa

ndst

one

w/d

olom

ite a

nd g

ypsu

m, w

/larg

e py

rite

crys

tal,

very

fine

san

d le

ss s

ilty

660-

670

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and

w/s

ome

gree

n sh

ale

670-

680

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and

w/s

ome

gree

n sh

ale

680-

690

Cle

an tr

ansl

ucen

t fin

e sa

nd w

/th g

reen

sha

le a

nd s

ome

gray

sha

le. L

ost o

il st

ain,

som

e py

rite

690-

700

Pyr

ite a

nd g

reen

sha

le, s

mal

l am

ount

of d

ense

san

d70

0-71

0P

yrite

and

gre

en s

hale

, sm

all a

mou

nt o

f den

se s

and,

w/v

ery

hard

ligh

t bro

wn

silts

tone

710-

720

60%

san

dsto

ne, 4

0% s

hale

, som

e so

ft lim

esto

ne a

nd p

yrite

. Som

e gr

een

argi

llace

ous

sand

. Stil

l a li

ttle

pyrit

e72

0-73

0S

ame

as a

bove

exc

ept 7

0% s

ands

tone

730-

740

70%

san

dsto

ne, c

lear

tran

sluc

ent w

hite

gra

ins,

cal

care

ous

to g

l cal

care

ous,

fine

gra

ined

. 30%

gre

en s

hale

, silt

y in

par

t, tra

ce p

yrite

740-

750

Sam

e as

abo

ve, w

ith s

ome

chun

ks o

f con

glom

erat

e75

0-76

080

% g

reen

sha

le, s

ome

sand

ston

e76

0-77

090

% g

reen

sha

le, 1

0% re

d sh

ale,

trac

e sa

nd77

0-78

0M

ostly

red

shal

e, s

ome

gree

n tra

ce s

ands

tone

780-

790

Red

sha

le

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Water W

ell Logging & Video R

ecording ServicesG

eo Cam

, Inc. 126 Palo Duro, San Antonio, TX 210-495-9121

State: TX

BOR

EHO

LE DATA

BIT R

EC

OR

D C

AS

ING

RE

CO

RD

RU

NB

IT SIZE

(in)FR

OM

(ft)TO

(ft)1

SIZE

/WG

T/THK

FR

OM

(ft)

Deg C

23

GEN

ERAL D

ATA

Logged by: Robert C

. Becknal

Unit/Truck: 04

LOG

TYP

ER

UN

NO

SP

EE

D (ft/m

in)FR

OM

(ft)TO

(ft)FT./ IN

.

TO (ft)

Drill M

ethod:A

IR R

OTA

RY

1#6

16'' STE

EL

1#30

20

Drilling C

ontractor:W

ES

T TEX

AS

WA

TER

WE

LL

1#7

Com

ments:

1#20

2

1#31

20

1#8

1#10

1#21

20

1#32

20

Viscosity:

Time S

ince Circ:

1#9+3

1#11

1#22

20

1#12160

1#23

20

Mud Type:at:

1#13

1#24

784

Driller T.D

. (ft) :791

1#14

1#25

788

Project:PA

RK

S NO

. 1

Borehole:

PAR

KS N

O. 1

Weight:

1#15

GA

MM

A

1#26

791

Depth R

ef:G

L

1#16

RESISTIVITY, SP

1#27

2

Witness:

1#17

CALIPER

1#28

160

Date:

5-8-07

1#18

1

1#29

6

Elevation:

2170 GP

S

Client:

WEST TEXA

S WA

TER W

ELL

Logs:G

AM

MA

, RESISTIVITY, C

AL,

SP

1#19

1

Logger T.D. (ft) :790

Location:N

31* 19' 32.2'' W100* 47' 24.3''

County:

IRIO

N

Hole M

edium:

1#1

1#2

Fluid Level (ft) :22

#1160

Rm

:

1#3

#2

9 7/8

Date D

rilled:5-5-07

1

1#4

#3

TD

1#5

Depth

1ft:240ft

Gamma

0 200CPS

Current

0 200mAR8

0 75Ohm-mR16

0 75Ohm-mR32

0 75Ohm-mR64

0 75Ohm-m

SP

500 700mV

Caliper

0 20In

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Appendix B – Schlinke Test Hole

Formation Descriptions Geophysical Log

Schl

inke

-1 T

est H

ole

Sam

ple

Form

atio

n D

escr

iptio

ns

Inte

rval

Des

crip

tion

35-4

5W

hite

and

bro

wn,

sha

le re

d co

arse

san

dsto

ne, c

alca

reou

s. W

ater

@ 4

2'. (

Con

glom

erat

e) B

ase

Ant

lers

?45

-55

Coa

rse

sand

ston

e gr

ay s

hale

55'

, red

sha

le @

60'

55-6

5R

ed s

hale

, san

dy65

-75

Red

sha

le75

-85

Red

sha

le a

nd g

ray

mic

aceo

us s

ands

tone

, fin

e gr

aine

d. V

ery

little

reac

tion

to a

cid.

85-1

00R

ed s

andy

sha

le, 1

0% li

ght g

ray

fine

grai

ned

sand

100-

110

Arg

illac

eous

san

d, p

oorly

sor

ted,

dar

k re

d an

d so

me

gray

san

d, fi

ne. O

nly

very

slig

htly

cal

care

ous.

Tra

ce g

ypsu

m11

0-12

0S

imila

r to

abov

e, m

ore

gyps

um12

0-13

040

% re

d sa

ndy-

silty

sha

le, 3

0% fi

ne g

ray

sand

, fin

e fri

able

, 25%

gyp

sum

, cry

stal

line,

mas

sive

fibr

ous,

5%

gre

en s

hale

, ver

y so

ft13

0-14

0S

ame

as p

revi

ous

140-

150

Sam

e as

pre

viou

s, o

nly

no m

ore

gree

n sh

ale

150-

160

San

dy le

ss s

hale

stil

l gyp

sum

160-

170

Sam

e as

abo

ve, 1

0% re

d sa

ndy

shal

e, 4

0% li

ght g

ray

sand

, 40%

red

sand

, 10%

gyp

sum

170-

180

Red

san

dsto

ne, g

ray

sand

ston

e, p

ink

limes

tone

, silt

180-

190

Sam

e as

abo

ve, h

ole

still

unl

oadi

ng19

0-20

0S

ame

as a

bove

, w/g

ray

milk

y w

hite

lim

esto

ne20

0-21

032

% g

ypsu

m, r

ed s

ands

tone

, gra

y sa

nd, l

ime,

not

cal

care

ous

210-

220

32%

gyp

sum

, red

san

dsto

ne, g

ray

sand

, lim

e, n

ot c

alca

reou

s22

0-23

080

% re

d sa

ndy

shal

e, 1

0% g

ypsu

m, 5

% v

ery

fine

gray

san

d, 5

% g

ray

shal

e23

0-24

060

% g

ypsu

m, 4

0% re

d sa

ndy

silty

sha

le24

0-25

080

% g

ypsu

m, 1

0% re

d sh

ale,

10%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

ands

tone

250-

260

70%

gyp

sum

, 10%

red

shal

e, 2

0% v

ery

fine

gray

sha

le, w

/oil

stai

n26

0-27

0Fi

ne g

ray

sand

, tra

ce p

ink

sand

ston

e27

0-28

090

% g

ray

sand

, 5%

gyp

sum

, 5%

red

shal

e28

0-29

090

% g

ray

sand

, 5%

gyp

sum

, 5%

red

shal

e29

0-30

090

% g

ray

sand

, 5%

gyp

sum

, 5%

red

shal

e30

0-31

090

% g

ray

sand

, 5%

gyp

sum

, 5%

red

shal

e31

0-32

090

% g

ray

sand

, 5%

gyp

sum

, 5%

red

shal

e32

0-33

0S

ame

as a

bove

w/m

ore

gyps

um, o

il st

ain

330-

340

Gra

y fin

e sa

ndst

one,

ligh

t bro

wn

med

ium

san

dsto

ne w

/oil

stai

n an

d gy

psum

340-

350

25%

gyp

sum

, 75%

gra

y sa

ndst

one

351-

359

Har

d gy

psum

, 75%

, 25%

ver

y fin

e sa

nd, t

race

lim

e36

0-37

080

% g

ypsu

m, 1

0% v

ery

fine

gray

san

dsto

ne, c

alca

reou

s37

0-38

0V

ery

fine

gray

san

d 90

%, 1

0% g

ypsu

m. S

ome

of s

and

is o

il st

aine

d.38

0-39

095

% v

ery

fine

gray

san

dsto

ne, 5

% g

ypsu

m39

0-40

090

% v

ery

fine

gray

san

dsto

ne, 1

0% g

ypsu

m

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Schl

inke

-1 T

est H

ole

Sam

ple

Form

atio

n D

escr

iptio

ns

400-

410

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

ands

tone

, 10%

gyp

sum

410-

420

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

ands

tone

, 10%

gyp

sum

420-

430

100%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and

430-

440

100%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

ands

cle

ar O

il44

0-45

010

0% v

ery

fine

gray

san

ds c

lear

Oil

450-

460

100%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

ands

cle

ar O

il46

0-47

010

% g

ray

shal

e, 9

0% v

ery

fine

gray

san

dsto

ne.

470-

480

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

10%

gra

y sh

ale

480-

490

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

10%

gra

y sh

ale

490-

500

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

10%

gra

y sh

ale

500-

510

100%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and

510-

520

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

10%

gyp

sum

whi

te c

la52

0-53

010

0% v

ery

fine

gray

san

d, v

ery

friab

le a

nd s

oft

530-

540

100%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

ver

y fri

able

and

sof

t54

0-55

010

0% v

ery

fine

gray

san

d, v

ery

friab

le a

nd s

oft

550-

560

80%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

fria

ble,

20%

gyp

sum

560-

570

95%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

bec

omin

g le

ss fr

iabl

e, 5

% g

ypsu

m57

0-58

095

% v

ery

fine

gray

san

d, b

ecom

ing

less

fria

ble,

5%

gyp

sum

580-

590

95%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

bec

omin

g le

ss fr

iabl

e, 5

% g

ypsu

m59

0-60

090

% v

ery

fine

sand

, 20%

gyp

sum

600-

610

95%

ver

y fin

e sa

nd, 5

% g

ypsu

m61

0-62

010

0% v

ery

fine

sand

620-

630

100%

ver

y fin

e sa

nd63

0-64

010

0% v

ery

fine

sand

640-

650

100%

ver

y fin

e sa

nd65

0-66

010

0% v

ery

fine

sand

660-

670

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

trac

e gy

psum

670-

680

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

trac

e gy

psum

680-

690

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

trac

e gy

psum

690-

700

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

trac

e gy

psum

700-

710

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

trac

e gy

psum

710-

720

Sam

e as

abo

ve, b

ecom

ing

shal

ey a

nd o

il-st

aine

d72

0-73

0A

s ab

ove,

exc

ept v

ery

fine

gray

san

d be

com

ing

pyrit

ic73

0-74

090

% v

ery

fine

gray

san

d, a

rgill

aceo

us, 1

0% fi

ne g

rain

ed c

lean

oil

stai

ned

sand

, som

e em

bedd

ed c

oars

e gr

ains

740-

750

70%

san

d as

abo

ve, 2

0% o

il-st

aine

d A

A, 1

0% g

ypsu

m, f

ree

cubi

c py

rite

750-

760

95%

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

as

abov

e 5%

cle

ar s

and

w/o

il st

ain

760-

770

90%

ver

y fin

e gr

aine

d sa

nd b

ecom

ing

shal

ey, v

ery

pyrit

ic, 1

0% g

ray

shal

e

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Schl

inke

-1 T

est H

ole

Sam

ple

Form

atio

n D

escr

iptio

ns

770-

780

75%

ver

y fin

e gr

aine

d sa

nd a

s ab

ove,

25%

gra

y sh

ale

780-

788

60%

gra

y sh

ale,

20%

red

shal

e, 1

0% v

ery

fine

grai

ned

sand

, 10%

gyp

sum

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Water W


ecording ServicesG

eo Cam


State: TX

BOR

EHO

LE DATA

BIT R

EC

OR

D C

AS

ING

RE

CO

RD

RU

NB

IT SIZE

(in)FR

OM

(ft)TO

(ft)1

SIZE

/WG

T/THK

FR

OM

(ft)

Deg C

23

GEN

ERAL D

ATA

Logged by: Kelly O

. TutenU

nit/Truck: 04

LOG

TYP

ER

UN

NO

SP

EE

D (ft/m

in)FR

OM

(ft)TO

(ft)FT./ IN

.

TO (ft)

Drill M

ethod:M

UD

RO

TAR

Y

1#6

16" STE

EL

1#30

20

Drilling C

ontractor:W

ES

T TEX

AS

1#7

Com

ments:

1#20

1#31

20

1#8

1#10

1#21

21

1#32

Viscosity:

Time S

ince Circ:

1#9 + 2

1#11

1#22

21

1#12 130

1#23

Mud Type:at:

1#13

1#24

785

Driller T.D

. (ft) :

1#14

1#25

788

Project:D

RY C

REEK

RA

NC

H - SC

HLIN

KE W

ELL

Borehole:

SCH

LINK

E WELL N

O. 1

Weight:

1#15

GA

MM

A

1#26

Depth R

ef:G

.L.

1#16

RESISTIVITY, SP, SPR

1#27

.5

Witness:

1#17

1#28

326

Date:

06-14-07

1#18

2

1#29

Elevation:

2185' GP

S

Client:

WEST TEXA

S WA

TER W

ELLS

Logs:G

AM

MA

, RESISTIVITY, SP

1#19

2

Logger T.D. (ft) :

Location:N

31* 25' 16.4" W 100* 51' 28.0"

County:

IRIO

N

Hole M

edium:

1#1

1#2

Fluid Level (ft) :326

#1 0

Rm

:

1#3

#2

9 7/8"

Date D

rilled:

1

1#4

#3

789

1#5

Depth

1ft:240ft

Gamma

0 100CPSSP

-100 100mV

R8

0 50Ohm-mR16

0 50Ohm-mR32

0 50Ohm-mR64

0 50Ohm-mCurrent

0 200mA

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Appendix C – Schmidt Test Hole and Test Well

Formation Descriptions Geophysical Log

Analytical Results

Schm

idt-1

Tes

t Hol

e Fo

rmat

ion

Sam

ple

Des

crip

tions

Inte

rval

Des

crip

tion

0-4.

5To

psoi

l30

-40

Lim

esto

ne, w

hite

, tan

, ora

nge,

yel

low

, mos

tly d

ense

40-5

080

% g

ray

limes

tone

, har

d, 2

0% s

ame

as a

bove

50-6

080

% g

ray

foss

ilife

rous

lim

e, 1

0% ta

n do

lom

ite, v

ugul

ar p

oros

ity, 1

0% w

hite

lim

e60

-70

100%

lim

e, g

ray,

san

dy, i

n pa

rt, v

ery

foss

ilife

rous

, dol

omiti

c in

par

t70

-80

70%

gra

y lim

e, a

s ab

ove,

30%

san

d, o

ff-w

hite

, cle

ar, p

oorly

sor

ted,

ver

y fin

e to

med

ium

, oil

stai

ned

in p

art

80-9

055

% li

me

as a

bove

, bec

omin

g le

ss fo

ssili

fero

us, 1

5% s

and

as a

bove

.90

-100

100%

lim

esto

ne, l

ight

to d

ark

gray

, som

e fo

ssils

, pyr

itic

in p

art,

hard

trac

e sa

nd, n

o oi

l sta

inin

g10

0-11

0Lo

ose

sand

, ver

y fin

e, w

hite

110-

120

80%

as

abov

e, 1

0% g

ray

limes

tone

, 10%

yel

low

lim

esto

ne12

0-13

0M

ediu

m to

ver

y fin

e w

hite

san

dsto

ne, p

yriti

c13

0-14

040

% s

and

as a

bove

, 40%

blu

e gr

een

clay

, pyr

itic,

20%

gra

y lim

esto

ne, p

yriti

c14

0-15

010

% s

and

as a

bove

, 90%

cla

y as

abo

ve.

150-

160

100%

san

dy g

ray

clay

, tra

ce li

mes

tone

160-

170

Ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

50%

, oil

stai

ned,

ver

y fri

able

, tra

ce g

ray

clay

170-

180

90%

blu

e gr

ay s

andy

cla

y, lo

w s

and,

10%

oil

stai

ned

as a

bove

180-

190

90%

gra

y sa

nd, 1

0% li

me,

san

dy in

par

t, oi

l sat

urat

ed, t

race

gre

en c

lay

190-

200

Ver

y fin

e to

fine

, lig

ht g

ray

sand

, not

as

soft

200-

220

Cem

ent a

nd u

phol

e ju

nk, n

o sa

mpl

e

220-

230

60%

fine

- ve

ry fi

ne s

ands

tone

w/c

alci

tic c

emen

t, gr

ains

: bla

ck, b

row

n, y

ello

w, c

lear

, 20%

con

glom

erat

ic s

ands

tone

, gra

ins

as a

bove

, 20%

lim

esto

ne, d

ense

, pyr

itic

in p

art,

mos

tly o

ff-w

hite

230-

240

90%

san

d as

abo

ve, 1

0% li

mes

tone

, whi

te, o

ff-w

hite

. San

dsto

ne is

pyr

itic

in p

art.

240-

250

50%

san

d as

abo

ve, 5

0% c

ongl

omer

atic

san

dsto

ne25

0-26

060

% g

reen

sha

le, 2

0% c

ongl

omer

atic

, san

d as

abo

ve, 2

0% li

me,

ora

nge,

bro

wn,

bla

ck, p

ink

260-

270

70%

ver

y fin

e gr

ain

sand

ston

e, h

ard,

arg

illac

eous

, 30%

gre

en s

hale

, hig

h qu

antit

y pe

bble

, tra

ce li

mes

tone

and

pyr

ite27

0-28

060

% li

ght g

ray

shal

e, 3

0% g

reen

sha

le, 1

0% s

and

as a

bove

, tra

ce li

mes

tone

and

pyr

ite28

0-29

060

% g

reen

sha

le, 4

0% d

olom

ite, m

ostly

tan

colo

red,

pyr

itic

in p

art

290-

300

50%

sha

le, m

ostly

gre

en, g

ray

in p

art,

sand

y in

par

t, 50

% d

olom

ite y

ello

wis

h br

own,

pyr

itic,

foss

ilife

rous

, oil-

bear

ing

in p

art,

trace

san

d,

trace

lim

e30

0-31

080

% s

hale

, mos

tly g

reen

, som

e gr

ay, p

yriti

c, 2

0% d

olom

ite, s

andy

in p

art

310-

320

50%

sha

le a

s ab

ove,

50%

dol

omite

, mos

tly d

ense

320-

330

70%

gre

en a

nd g

ray

shal

e, 3

0% d

olom

ite, a

s ab

ove,

ver

y py

ritic

, tra

ce s

and

330-

340

95%

sha

le, g

reen

gra

y, 5

% d

olom

ite, t

race

lim

e, tr

ace

sand

340-

350

As

abov

e35

0-36

010

0% g

reen

sha

le, t

race

dol

omite

pyr

itic,

trac

e gy

psum

360-

370

90%

gre

en s

hale

, 10%

dol

omite

, mor

e py

rite

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Schm

idt-1

Tes

t Hol

e Fo

rmat

ion

Sam

ple

Des

crip

tions

370-

380

90%

gre

en s

hale

, 5%

dol

omite

, 5%

pyr

ite38

0-39

080

% g

reen

and

gra

y sh

ale,

20%

pyr

ite, t

race

dol

omite

390-

400

80%

gre

en s

hale

, 10%

pyr

ite, 1

0% d

olom

ite40

0-41

070

% s

hale

, gre

en, g

ray,

som

e da

rk g

ray,

20%

dol

omite

, tra

ce li

me,

trac

e py

rite

410-

420

As

abov

e42

0-43

080

% s

hale

, gre

en, g

ray,

dar

k gr

ay, 2

0% d

olom

ite, t

race

pyr

ite43

0-44

0A

s ab

ove

440-

450

90%

sha

le, m

ostly

gra

y, s

ome

gree

n, s

andy

, ver

y fin

e gr

ain,

off-

whi

te to

ligh

t gra

y, 1

0% d

olom

ite45

0-46

0A

s ab

ove

460-

470

70%

dol

omite

, lig

ht b

row

n to

tan,

20%

sha

le, g

reen

, 10%

san

d, v

ery

fine

grai

ned,

pyr

ite47

0-48

080

% d

olom

ite, 2

0% g

reen

sha

le. D

olom

ite -

gray

, tan

, vug

ular

, por

osity

, sec

onda

ry c

ryst

alliz

atio

n. T

race

dea

d oi

l.48

0-49

090

% g

reen

sha

le, v

ery

soft.

20%

dol

omite

, off-

whi

te, t

an, t

race

lim

esto

ne, t

race

pyr

ite49

0-50

0S

ame

as a

bove

exc

ept n

o lim

esto

ne50

0-51

0S

ame

as a

bove

, fos

sill

in p

art

510-

520

80%

dol

omite

, har

d, v

ugul

ar, p

oros

ity, 2

0% g

reen

sha

le, t

race

pyr

ite, F

ossi

l in

part

520-

530

90%

dol

omite

, tan

, vug

ular

, som

e gr

ay, 1

0% g

reen

sha

le, t

race

pyr

ite, w

ater

repo

rted

by d

rille

r. Fo

ssil

in p

art

530-

540

Sam

e as

abo

ve. F

ossi

lifer

ous

in p

art

540-

550

50%

dol

omite

, 20%

sha

le, t

ranc

e sa

nd, t

race

lim

esto

ne. F

ossi

lifer

ous

550-

560

70%

dol

omite

, bec

omin

g lo

w v

ugul

ar, 2

0% s

hale

, gre

en, d

ark

gray

, dar

k gr

ay is

san

dy, 1

0% p

yrite

560-

570

80%

dol

omite

, 20%

sha

le, t

race

gyp

sum

, tra

ce a

rgill

aceo

us s

and

572

Sw

itch

to m

ud, r

esum

e dr

illin

g @

572

'

572-

580

90%

dol

omite

, lig

ht b

row

n, o

ff-w

hite

, fos

silif

erou

s, v

isib

le p

oros

ity in

par

t, 10

% g

reen

sha

le, t

race

ver

y fin

e gr

ay s

and,

trac

e ve

ry fi

ne c

lear

sa

nd w

ith o

il, s

ome

of s

ampl

e pr

obab

ly fr

om u

phol

e, c

lean

san

d is

cal

citic

580-

590

100%

dol

omite

, off-

whi

te, l

ight

bro

wn,

foss

ilife

rous

in p

art,

gran

ular

in p

art,

visi

ble

poro

sity

in p

art,

trace

gre

en s

hale

, pyr

itic,

trac

e bl

ack

lime,

cal

cite

cry

stal

s59

0-60

0A

s ab

ove,

exc

ept n

o lim

esto

ne60

0-61

070

% p

yrite

, 30%

dol

omite

. H. b

ar, m

assi

ve, p

yriti

c, tr

ace

dark

gra

y sh

ale,

trac

e sa

nd w

/slig

ht o

il sh

een

610-

620

90%

dol

omite

, vug

ular

por

osity

in p

art,

tan,

foss

ilife

rous

in p

art,

brow

n, g

ray

(mas

sive

), 10

% p

yrite

, tra

ce g

reen

sha

le

620-

630

100%

dol

omite

, bro

wn,

gra

y, H

gra

y, m

ottle

d, s

ome

dens

e, s

ome

gran

ular

, vis

ible

por

osity

in p

art,

foss

ilife

rous

in p

art,

som

e w

ith c

alci

te

crys

tals

630-

640

Sam

e as

abo

ve, w

ith tr

ace

blac

k sh

ale,

and

trac

e py

rite

640-

650

80%

dol

omite

as

abov

e, 2

0% p

yrite

, tra

ce s

and,

trac

e gr

een

shal

e, tr

ace

blac

k lim

esto

ne65

0-66

090

% d

olom

ite, s

ame

as a

bove

, 10%

pyr

ite, t

race

gre

en s

hale

, tra

ce re

d lim

esto

ne, r

ound

ed, f

ossi

lifer

ous

660-

670

100%

dol

omite

, slig

ht v

isib

le p

oros

ity, s

ome

dens

e, s

ome

gran

ular

, fos

silif

erou

s in

par

t, ca

lcite

cry

stal

s67

0-68

0A

s ab

ove

with

trac

e py

rite,

gre

en s

hale

680-

690

80%

dol

omite

as

abov

e, fe

wer

cal

cite

cry

stal

s, 2

0% p

yrite

, tra

ce b

lack

, bro

wn

shal

e, tr

ace

sulfu

r, tra

ce g

ypsu

m

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Schm

idt-1

Tes

t Hol

e Fo

rmat

ion

Sam

ple

Des

crip

tions

690-

700

100%

dol

omite

, mos

tly m

assi

ve, f

ossi

lifer

ous

in p

art,

pyrit

ic in

par

t, of

f-whi

te, b

row

n, m

ottle

d, g

ray.

Vug

ular

por

osity

in p

art,

trace

gre

en

shal

e, tr

ace

pyrit

e70

0-71

010

0% d

olom

ite, t

an, m

assi

ve. A

lmos

t no

visi

ble

poro

sity

, tra

ce p

yrite

, gre

en s

hale

710-

730

90%

dol

omite

, med

ium

to d

ark

gray

, slig

htly

por

ous

in p

art,

10%

gre

en s

hale

, tra

ce p

yrite

730-

740

As

abov

e74

0-75

010

0% d

olom

ite a

s ab

ove,

trac

e gr

een

shal

e75

0-76

080

% d

olom

ite a

s ab

ove,

slig

htly

mor

e po

rosi

ty, 2

0% g

reen

sha

le76

0-77

010

0% d

olom

ite a

s ab

ove,

som

ewha

t les

s po

rosi

ty, t

race

gre

en s

hale

770-

780

As

abov

e, v

ery

little

vis

ible

por

osity

780-

790

100%

dol

omite

, tan

, mas

sive

, ver

y lit

tle p

oros

ity79

0-80

0A

s ab

ove,

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0-81

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alci

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ryst

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in p

art,

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in p

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810-

820

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por

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820-

830

As

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0-84

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840-

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850-

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860-

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880-

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As

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0-90

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900-

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910-

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in p

art,

trace

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950-

960

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por

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960-

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row

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, den

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little

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por

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, tra

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ght b

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t bro

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lack

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ery

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own

sand

w/d

ead

oil

LB

G-G

uyto

n A

ssoc

iate

s

Water W


ecording ServicesG

eo Cam


State: TX

BOR

EHO

LE DATA

BIT R

EC

OR

D C

AS

ING

RE

CO

RD

RU

NB

IT SIZE

(in)FR

OM

(ft)TO

(ft)1

SIZE

/WG

T/THK

FR

OM

(ft)

Deg C

23

GEN

ERAL D

ATA

Logged by: Robert C

. Becknal

Unit/Truck: 02

LOG

TYP

ER

UN

NO

SP

EE

D (ft/m

in)FR

OM

(ft)TO

(ft)FT./ IN

.

TO (ft)1#30

20

1#6

NA

Drill M

ethod:M

UD

1#31

201#20

1

Com

ments:

1#7

Drilling C

ontractor:W

ES

T TEX

AS

1#32

20

1#21

30

1#10

1#8

1#22

30

1#11

1#9Time S

ince Circ:

Viscosity:

1#23

30

1#12

Driller T.D

. (ft) :1031'

1#24

1027

1#13

at:

Mud Type:

1#25

1030

1#14

1#26

1029

1#15

GA

MM

A

Weight:

Borehole:

SCH

MID

T NO

.1

Project:SC

HM

IDT N

O.1

1#27

81#16

CALIPER

Depth R

ef:G

L

1#28

111#17

RESISTIVITY

Witness:

TYLE

R D

AV

IDS

ON

, SC

OTT M

CW

ILLIAM

S

1#29

11

1#18

1

Date:

08-27-07

Logger T.D. (ft) :1031'

1#19

1

Logs:G

AM

MA

, CA

LIPER,

RESISTIVITY,SP

Client:

WEST TEXA

S WA

TER W

ELLS

Elevation:

2158' GP

S

1#1

Hole M

edium:

County:

TOM

GR

EE

NLocation:

N31* 14' 22.6'' W

100* 36' 44.0''

Fluid Level (ft) :12'

1#2480

1#3

Rm

:

#10

1#4TD

1

8 3/4''

Date D

rilled:08-25-07

#2

9 7/8''

1#5

#3

480'

Depth

1:240

SP

500 600mV

Current

10 25mAR16

0 500Ohm-mR32

0 500Ohm-mR8

0 500Ohm-mR64

0 500Ohm-m

Gamma

0 100cps

Caliper

5 20In

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

440

460

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

880

900

920

940

960

980

1000

1020

Schmidt-1 Test Well Sampling Analytical Results

Final Analysis Report

Project: SCHMIDT-1

Client Sample ID: SCHMIDT-1

Collection Date: 10/10/2007 1:30:00 AM

Matrix: AQUEOUS

Analyses Result Qual Units Date Analyzed

CLIENT: LBG-Guyton Associates

Lab Order: 0710367

DF

Lab ID: 0710367-001

LCRA Environmental Laboratory Services Date: 04-Dec-07

PQL BatchIDMCL

Tag No:

TNRCC METHOD 1005-TPH TX1005 Analyst: CO(TX1005)>C12-C28 10/17/2007 6:58:00 PMmg/L 1ND 4.6 517440

>C28-C35 10/17/2007 6:58:00 PMmg/L 1ND 4.6 517440

C6-C12 10/17/2007 6:58:00 PMmg/L 1ND 4.6 517440

C6-C35 10/17/2007 6:58:00 PMmg/L 1ND 4.6 517440

ICP METALS, DISSOLVED E200.7 Analyst: TROBoron 10/15/2007 8:29:14 PMmg/L 15.11 0.0510 516680

Calcium 10/15/2007 8:29:14 PMmg/L 171.9 0.204 516680

Iron 10/15/2007 8:29:14 PMmg/L 1ND 0.0510 516680

Magnesium 10/15/2007 8:29:14 PMmg/L 132.6 0.204 516680

Potassium 10/15/2007 8:29:14 PMmg/L 141.1 0.204 516680

Sodium 10/16/2007 6:36:45 PMmg/L 501340 25.0 516940

ICPMS METALS, DISSOLVED E200.8 Analyst: SWArsenic 10/15/2007µg/L 1ND 2.04 516750

Barium 10/15/2007µg/L 124.6 1.02 516750

Manganese 10/16/2007µg/L 128.1 1.02 516960

Strontium 10/16/2007µg/L 1001620 102 516960

ANIONS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY E300.0 Analyst: WRChloride 10/12/2007 5:23:00 PMmg/L 501500 50.0 516640

Fluoride 10/11/2007 7:58:00 PMmg/L 105.99 0.100 516030

Nitrogen, Nitrate (As N) 10/11/2007 7:58:00 PMmg/L 10ND 0.100 5160310

Sulfate 10/11/2007 7:58:00 PMmg/L 10384 10.0 51603

ALKALINITY SM2320 B Analyst: WRAlkalinity, Bicarbonate (As CaCO3) 10/16/2007mg/L CaCO3 1905 2 51712

Alkalinity, Carbonate (As CaCO3) 10/16/2007mg/L CaCO3 1ND 2 517120

Alkalinity, Total (As CaCO3) 10/16/2007mg/L CaCO3 1905 2 51712

CONDUCTANCE E120.1 Analyst: MLSpecific Conductance @ 25°C 10/15/2007µmhos/cm 16730 0 516270

HYDROGEN SULFIDE SM4500-S2 Analyst: JBHydrogen Sulfide 10/15/2007mg/L 1ND 1.0 51637

AMMONIA AS N E350.1 Analyst: WRNitrogen, Ammonia (As N) 10/15/2007mg/L 22.72 0.040 517070

PH SM4500-H+-B Analyst: JBpH @ 25°C 10/15/2007pH units 17.74 0 516528.5

SILICA SM4500-SIO2-C Analyst: ML

Qualifiers:

Page 3 of 27

B Analyte detected in the associated Method Blank E Value above quantitation range

H Holding times for preparation or analysis exceeded ND Not Detected at the Reporting Limit

S Spike Recovery outside accepted recovery limits X Value exceeds Maximum Contaminant Level

Project: SCHMIDT-1

Client Sample ID: SCHMIDT-1

Collection Date: 10/10/2007 1:30:00 AM

Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0710367

DF

Lab ID: 0710367-001

LCRA Environmental Laboratory Services Date: 04-Dec-07

PQL BatchIDMCL

Tag No:

SILICA SM4500-SIO2-C Analyst: MLSilica, Dissolved (as SiO2) 10/12/2007mg/L 532.8 2.50 516090

SULFIDE SM4500-S2-D Analyst: JBSulfide 10/15/2007mg/L 113 1.0 51637

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS SM2540C Analyst: KKTotal Dissolved Solids (Residue, Filterable)

10/11/2007mg/L 103990 50.0 515570

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS SM2540D Analyst: KKSuspended Solids (Residue, Non-Filterable)

10/16/2007mg/L 11.0 1.0 516780

Qualifiers:

Page 4 of 27




Schmidt-1 Interval Sampling Analytical Results


Project: Schmidt

Client Sample ID: Schmidt-1-903-933

Collection Date: 9/8/2007 4:30:00 PM

Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0709306

DF

Lab ID: 0709306-001

LCRA Environmental Laboratory Services Date: 20-Sep-07

PQL

Tag No: 903-933

ICPMS METALS, DISSOLVED E200.8 Analyst: SWBarium 9/18/200710.2 µg/L 1067.3

Manganese 9/18/200710.2 µg/L 1042.1

Strontium 9/19/20071020 µg/L 100038900

ANIONS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY E300 Analyst: WRChloride 9/19/2007 2:01:00 PM1000 mg/L 100041000

Fluoride 9/19/2007 2:01:00 PM10.0 mg/L 100052.0

Sulfate 9/19/2007 2:01:00 PM1000 mg/L 10003120

ALKALINITY SM2320 B Analyst: WRAlkalinity, Bicarbonate (As CaCO3) 9/19/20072 mg/L CaCO3 1401

Alkalinity, Carbonate (As CaCO3) 9/19/20072 mg/L CaCO3 1ND

Alkalinity, Total (As CaCO3) 9/19/20072 mg/L CaCO3 1401

CONDUCTANCE E120.1 Analyst: MLSpecific Conductance @ 25°C 9/20/2007 8:59:00 AM0 µmhos/cm 187400

PH SM4500-H+-B Analyst: JBpH @ 25°C 9/13/20070 pH units 17.33

SILICA SM4500-SIO2-C Analyst: MLSilica, Dissolved (as SiO2) 9/14/20070.50 mg/L 111.6


9/14/2007100 mg/L 2065800

Qualifiers:

Page 3 of 18




Project: Schmidt



Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0709306

DF

Lab ID: 0709306-002


PQL

Tag No: 675-705


Manganese 9/18/20071.02 µg/L 18.64

Strontium 9/18/200710.2 µg/L 103310

ANIONS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY E300 Analyst: WRChloride 9/19/2007 2:13:00 PM100 mg/L 1003650

Fluoride 9/19/2007 2:13:00 PM1.00 mg/L 1006.00

Sulfate 9/19/2007 2:13:00 PM100 mg/L 100797








9/14/200750.0 mg/L 108140

Qualifiers:

Page 4 of 18




Project: Schmidt



Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0709306

DF

Lab ID: 0709306-003


PQL

Tag No: 615-645


Manganese 9/18/200710.2 µg/L 10ND

Strontium 9/18/200710.2 µg/L 102860

ANIONS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY E300 Analyst: WRChloride 9/19/2007 2:24:00 PM50.0 mg/L 503010

Fluoride 9/19/2007 2:24:00 PM0.50 mg/L 505.25

Sulfate 9/19/2007 2:24:00 PM50.0 mg/L 50604








9/14/200750.0 mg/L 107040

Qualifiers:

Page 5 of 18




24-Sep-07Date:LCRA Environmental Laboratory Services

Project:CLIENT: LBG-Guyton Associates

Lab Order: 0709615Work Order Sample Summary

Lab Sample ID Client Sample ID Tag Number Date ReceivedDate Collected

0709615-001A 903-933 9/8/2007 4:30:00 PMSchmidt - 1 9/13/2007 4:00:00 PM

0709615-002A 675-705 9/10/2007 4:30:00 PMSchmidt - 1 9/13/2007 4:00:00 PM

0709615-003A 615-645 9/12/2007 4:30:00 PMSchmidt - 1 9/13/2007 4:00:00 PM

Page 2 of 7


Project:

Client Sample ID: 903-933


Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0709615

DF

Lab ID: 0709615-001


PQL

Tag No: SCHMIDT - 1

ICP METALS, DISSOLVED E200.7 Analyst: TROSodium 9/21/2007 7:34:39 PM51.0 mg/L 10020200

Qualifiers:

Page 3 of 7




Project:



Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0709615

DF

Lab ID: 0709615-002


PQL

Tag No: SCHMIDT - 1


Qualifiers:

Page 4 of 7




Project:



Matrix: AQUEOUS



Lab Order: 0709615

DF

Lab ID: 0709615-003


PQL

Tag No: SCHMIDT - 1


Qualifiers:

Page 5 of 7




DHL Analytical Date: 09/20/07

CLIENT: LCRA Env. Services Lab Client Sample ID: 0709306-001BProject: Lab ID: 0709148-01Project No: Collection Date: 09/08/07 04:30 PMLab Order: 0709148 Matrix: Aqueous

Analyses Result MDL RL Qual Units DF Date Analyzed

Dissolved Metals-ICPMS (0.45µ) E200.8 Analyst: KDTCalcium 1770000 20000 20000 µg/L 200 09/19/07 07:56 PMIron 237 50.0 100 µg/L 1 09/19/07 08:00 PMMagnesium 678000 20000 20000 µg/L 200 09/19/07 07:56 PMPotassium 359000 20000 20000 µg/L 200 09/19/07 07:56 PM

Qualifiers: * Value exceeds TCLP Maximum Concentration LevelB Analyte detected in the associated Method BlankC Sample Result or QC discussed in the Case NarrativeDF Dilution FactorE TPH pattern not Gas or Diesel Range Pattern

J Analyte detected between MDL and RLMDL Method Detection LimitN Parameter not NELAC certifiedND Not Detected at the Method Detection LimitRL Reporting LimitS Spike Recovery outside control limits

Page 6 of 9




Dissolved Metals-ICPMS (0.45µ) E200.8 Analyst: KDTCalcium 102000 2000 2000 µg/L 20 09/19/07 03:49 PMIron ND 100 200 µg/L 2 09/20/07 11:21 AMMagnesium 91000 2000 2000 µg/L 20 09/19/07 03:49 PMPotassium 52300 2000 2000 µg/L 20 09/19/07 03:49 PM



Page 7 of 9




Dissolved Metals-ICPMS (0.45µ) E200.8 Analyst: KDTCalcium 89700 2000 2000 µg/L 20 09/19/07 03:57 PMIron 227 50.0 100 µg/L 1 09/19/07 08:15 PMMagnesium 72900 2000 2000 µg/L 20 09/19/07 03:57 PMPotassium 47400 2000 2000 µg/L 20 09/19/07 03:57 PM



Page 8 of 9

Texas Water Development Board Comments

on Final Draft Report

Report on Brackish Source Water Exploration in the San ......Report on Brackish Source Water...

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