Report - NFPA€¦ · Milton Freifeld, Chemical Mfrs. Assn. (Alternate to J. C. Zercher) Michael S....

Report of Committee on Flan~able Liquids Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids

Correlating Committee

Paul C. Lamp, Chairman Englewood, NJ

Martin Henry, Secretary National Fire Protection Assn.

(Nonvoting)

G. E. Cain, G. E. Cain & Co. J. A. Cedervall, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Donald M. Johnson, Standard Oil Co. of California

Rep. Western Oil & Gas Assn. F. Owen Kubias, SCM Corp. Steven Landon, Washex Machinery Corp.

Rep. Laundry-Cleaners Allied Trades Assn. WilJiamR. Rucinski, Fire Marshal Div., Lansing, MI W. J. Smith, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.

Nonvoting

, Ing Gert Magnus, Krs Mannheim, Fed Republic of Germany

Technical Committee on Classification & Properties of Flammable Liquids

F~ Owen Kubias, Chairman SCM Corp.


(Nonvoting)

A. Richard Albrecht, Dow Chemical Co. Rep. American Petroleum Inst.

Harlan R. Bratvold, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Richard G. Gann, National Bureau of Standards Arthur A. Krawetz, Phoenix Chemical Laboratory, Inc. Roland J. Land, Mobil Chemical Co.

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Harry H. McIntyre, Harry Mclntyre Assoc. Paul G. Sikoris, M & M Protection Consultants Jack S. Snyder, Merck & Co., Inc.

Rep. Chemical Manufacturers Assn. R. I . Spencer, Industrial Risk Insurers Pat R. Wrigley, Nat'l Petroleum Refiners Assn. J. Co Zercher, Chemical Manufacturers Assn.

•Alternates

John A. Davenport, Industrial Risk Insurers (Alternate to R. I . Spencer)

Milton Freifeld, Chemical Mfrs. Assn. (Alternate to J. C. Zercher)

Michael S. Hildebrand, American Petroleum Inst. (Alternate to A. R. Albrecht)

Clayton Huggett, National Bureau of Standards (Alternate to R. Gann)

H. Kolodner, Celanese Corp. (Alternate to J. S. Snyder)

Nonvoting

Mary Williams, US Coast Guard

Donald M. Johnson, Chairman Standard Oil Co. of California Rep. Western Oil & Gas Assn.


(Nonvoting)

Charles D. Adcock, Dow Chemical Co. Rep. Chemical Manufacturers Assn.

William S. Anderson, 3M William C. Bluhm, Shell Oil Co.

Rep. American Petroleum Inst. Weldon L. Brundrett, Middle South Services Inc.

Rep. Edi~n Electric Inst. Thomas L. Culbertson, Exxon Research & Engineering Co.

Rep. American Petroleum Inst. H. M. Faulconer, Phillips Petroleum Co.

Rep. American Petroleum Inst. Paul Hartt, Insurers Advisory Organization of Canada Robert C. Hawker, Owens-Illinois Inc.

Rep. SPI Donald L. Hierman, Union Carbide Corp.

Rep. Chemical Manufacturers Assn. Larry V. Hil l , Schenley Disti l lers, Inc.

Rep. Distilled Spirits Council of the US, Inc. Oliver W. Johnson, Palo Alto, CA Joshy Paul Kallungal, Toronto Fire Marshal's Office Wallace D. Malmstedt, American Insurance Assn. John F. McLean, Kemper Group

Rep. Alliance of American Insurers Navin D. Mehta, Naval Sea Systems Command A. E. Mittermaier, Tokheim Corp.

Rep. Gasoline Pump Manufacturers Assn. Robert Leslie Murray, Dover Corp.

Rep. Petroleum Equipment Inst. Joseph R. Natale, Mobil Research & Development

Rep.-Nat'l Petroleum Refiners Assn. Robert R. Perschbacher, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Marshall E. Petersen, Roll Jensen & Assoc., Inc. William E. Rehr, City of Wheaton, IL

Rep. Fire Marshal's Assn. of N. America Gerald J. Rosicky, General Motors Corp.

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Jack C. Sanders, State of Oklahoma

Rep. Fire Marshals Assn. of N. America Leon C. Schaller, E I Dupont De Nemours & Co.

Rep. Nat'l Paint & Coatings Assn. Emily E. Schirding, Steel Tank Inst. Eugene S. Schmitt, Fire Marshal's Div., Lansing, MI H. C. Scuoteguazza, Factory Mutual Research Corp.

• Brooke B. Smith Jr., Aspen Engineering Inc. R. I . Spencer, Industrial Risk Insurers Richard D. Stalker, Stauffer Chemical Co.

Rep. NFPA Industrial Fire Protection Section Hugh E. Thompson, Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd.• Harold S. Wass Jrl, Improved Risk Mutuals

Alternates

John A. Ainlay, Steel Tank Inst. (Alternate to E .E. Schirding)

J. P. Carroll, SPI (Alternate to R. Hawker)

J. A. Cedervall, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (Alternate to R. R. Perschbacher)

John Doggett I l l , American Warehousemen's Assn. (Alternate to - American Warehousemens Assn. Rep.)

Thomas C. Elvey, Dow Corning Corp. (Alternate to G. J. Rosicky)

Richard A. Gross, Industrial Risk Insurers (Alternate to R. I . Spencer)

Michael S. Hildebrand, American Petroleum Inst. (Alternate to W. C. Bluhm)

Stephen R. Hoover, Kemper Group (Alternate to J. F. McLean)

James D. Kieffer, Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd. (Alternate to H. F. Thompson)

W. S. Marsh, Factory Mutual Research Corp. (Alternate to H. C. Scuotequazza)

Russell C. Opferkuch, Joseph E Seagram & Sons, Inc (Alternate to L. Hill)

Peter K. Schontag, Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc. (Alternate to M. E. Petersen)

Richard Southers, American Petroleum Inst. (Alternate to H. M. Faulconer)

173

Nonvoting

James A. Cox, Colonial Pipeline Co. Rep. ANSI/ASME B31.4 Section Commettee

Michael B. Moore, US Occupational Safety & Health Admin. Terence P. Smith, US Occupational Safety & Health Admin.

(Alternate to M. B. Moore)

This l is t represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred.

The Report of the Committee on Flammable Liquids is presented in 4 parts.

Part I , prepared by the Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids, proposes for adoption amendments to NFPA 325M-1977, Standard for Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids. NFPA 325M-1977 is published in Volume 13 of the 1983 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Part I has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical "ommittee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids which consists of 12 voting members; of whom 11 voted affirmatively, and I ballot was not returned (Mr. Gann).

This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Correlating Committee on Flammable Liquids which consists of 8 voting members; all of whom voted affirmatively.

Part I I , prepared by the Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids proposes for adoption its Report on amendments to NFPA 30-1981, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. NFPA 30-1981 is published in Volume 3 of the 1983 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Part I! has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids which consists of 33 voting members; of whom 31 voted affirmatively, 1 wished to be recorded as not voting (Mr. Hierman), and 1 ballot was not returned (Mr. Mehta).

Part I I has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Correlating ommittee on Flamable Liquids which consists of voting members; all of whom voted affirmatively.

Part I l l , prepared by the Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids proposes for adoption its Report on a new document, NFPA 30A-1984, Automotive and Marine Service Station Code.

Part I l l has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids which consists of 33 voting members; of whom 32 voted affirmatively, and 1 ballot was not returned (Mr. Mehta).

Part I l l has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Correlating Committee on Flammable Liquids which consists of 8 voting members; all of whom voted affirmatively.

Part IV, prepared by the Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids proposes for adoption its Report on a reconfirmation of NFPA 395-1980, Standard on Farm Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids. NFPA 395-1980 is published in Volume 3 of the 1983 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

Part IV has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable Liquids which consists of 33 voting members; of whom 32 voted affirmatively, and I ballot was not returned (Mr. Mehta).

Part IV has also been submitted to letter ballot of the Correlating Committee on Flammable Liquids which consists of 8 voting members; all of whom voted affirmatively.

174

PART I

325M- 1 - (Page 4, Definitions of Fire Hazard Properties): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Establish a new f i r s t paragraph to precede "Flash Point."

"The use of any single f i re hazard property such as flash point, ignition temperature, etc., should not be used to describe or appraise the hazard or f i re risk of.a material, product, assembly or system under actual f i re conditions. The subject f i re hazard properties have been determined under controlled laboratory conditions and may properly be employed to measure or describe the response of materials, products, assemblies or systems under these conditions. Properties measured under such conditions may be used as elements of a f i re risk assessment only when such assessment takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to the evaluation of the f i re hazard of a given situation." SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee feels that this general caveat is needed in a docu~nent that deals with flammability standards. The need arises out of the fact that a too l i teral application of laboratory-derived technical data may not lead to a realistic assessment of the flammability properties of a substance under non-laboratory conditions.. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 2"- (Page 4, Flash Point): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Reverse the order of the second and third paragraphs, and in the present third paragraph, delete the word "unfortunately" in the f i r s t line. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial change. ~ O N : Accept.

325M- 3 - (Page. 5, Ignition Temperature): Accep~ SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties o f ~ b l e Liquids_ RECOMMENDATION: Of the four paragraphs under "Ignition Temperature," keep paragraphs 3 and 4 as they presently appear, as the last two paragraphs. Insert the following paragraphs into the text to precede those last two paragraphs.

Ignition temperature of a substance, whether solid, liquid or gaseous is the minimum temperature required to init iate or cause self-sustained combustion in the absence of any source of ignition.

Ignition temperatures observed under one set of conditions may be changed substantially by a change of conditions. For this reason, ignition temperatures should be looked upon only as approximations. Some of the variables known to affect ignition temperatures are percentage composition of the vapor or gas-air mixture, shape and size of the space in which the ignition occurs, rate and duration of heating and type and reactivity of other materials present in the space in which the ignition occurs. As there are many differences in ignition temperature test methods, such as size and shape of ignition chambers, composition of ignition chambers, method of heating, rate of heating, residence time and method of flame detection, i t is not surprising that reported ignition temperatures are affected by the test methods employed.

The majority of the data which have been reported in this Table have been obtained by one of two standard procedures, ASTM D 286 or ASTM D 2155. Both standards have now been'withdrawn by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); ASTM D 286, many years ago and ASTM D 2155, as of November 1980. ASTM D 2155 has been replaced by ASTM E 659, Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperatures of Liquid Chemicals, An earlier method, ASTM D 2883, Test Method for Reaction Threshold Temperature of Liquid and Solid Materials, provides for the study of autoignition phenomena at reduced as well as elevated pressures. Federal Test Method Standard 791b, Method 5050, is a further current standard which provides for the. measurement of autoignition properties in the same terms used by the ASTM methods.

The former ASTM standards (ASTM D286 and ASTM D 2155) provided only for the visual detection of flame. As a result the ignition temperatures obtained by these methods were the minimum temperatures at which hot-flame ignitions occurred. The current methods (ASTM D2883, ASTM E659 and FTM Std 791b, 5050) employ thermoelectric flame detection systems. This permits the detection of nonluminous or barely luminous reactions which were d i f f icu l t or impossible to detect by the older procedures. As a • result i t hasbeen desirable to employ the following terms which are defined as follows:

Hot-Flame Ignition: A rapid, self-sustaining, sometimes audible gas phase reaction of the sample or its decomposition products with an oxidant. A readily visible yello~v or blue flame usually accompanies the reaction.

Cool-Flame Ignition: A relatively slow, self-sustaining, barely luminous gas phase reaction of the sample or its decomposltion products with an oxidant. Cool flames are visible only in a darkened area.

Pre-flame Reaction: A slow, non-luminous gas phase reaction of the sample or its decomposition products ~vith the oxidant with which i t is in contact~

Catalytic Reaction: A relatively fast, self-sustaining, energetic, sometimes luminous, sometimes audible reaction that occurs as a result of the catalytic action of any substance upon the sample or its products of decomposition in admixture with an oxidant.

Non-Combustive Reaction: A reaction other than combustion or thermal degradation undergone by certain substances upon exposure to heat.. Thermal polymerization'is an example of this type of reaction.

Reaction Threshold: The lowest temperature at which any reaction of the sample or its decomposition products occurs for any fuel/air ratio.

Autoignition Temperature (AIT) is now defined as the hot flame reaction threshold temperature.

Cool Flame React Threshold (CFT) is a previously undefined term which now refers to the lowest temperature at which cool-flame ignitions are observed for a particular system.

Preflame~Reaction Threshold (RTT) is a previously undefined term which now refers to the lowest temperature at which exothermic gas phase reactions are observed for a particula r system~

Heretofore, ignition temperatures reporteo in the literature, includi•ng those reported in this Table have corresponded roughly to AIT, provided the proper allowances.were made-for empirica~ differences in technique of measurement. In the future i t is expected that CFT and RTT wil l be routinely reported. Both are lower than AIT and are very significant factors to be evaluated in the assessment of the overall autoignition risk of a given • system. Cool flames are self-sustaining, exothermic ignition reactions which under proper circumstances may act as the source

• or point of interaction of mere energetic hot flame reactions. Pre-flame reactions have the capacity under' adiabatic or near-adiabatic conditions to elevate the temperature of-a fuel-air mixture to the point where cool or hot-flame ignition may occur. SUBSTANTIATION: The changes in the f i rs t two paragraphs are edltorial. T~e other changes are needed, in the Committee's opinion, because they constitute updating of the subject matter in helping with present-day state of the ar~ and technology. COMMITTEE ACT[ON: Accept.

325M- 4 - (Page 6, Flammable (Explosive) Limits): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on ClassiTication and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATIOrI: In paragraph 3 under the heading "Flammable (Explosive) Limits," make the followin~ chan~es.

On line 3, change the word "may" to -w i l l . On line 4, change the word "or" to "and" where i t appears

between "pressures" and "temperatures," and change the word _"normal " to read "ambient."

Inser~ two new sentences at the end of the paragraph to read: "In most cases the data reported in this Table represent the concentration limiLs over which hot-flame ignitions have been observed. I f cool-flame ignitions are considered, wider flammable limits w•ill be observed." SUBSTANTIATION: The f i rs t three changes are editorial. The final two new sentences are needed, in the Committee's opinion, to address the concept of cool-flame ignition. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 5 - (Page 6, Flammable (Explosive) Limits): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids ~' RECOMMENDATION: Add the following paragraphs to the existing three paragraphs of this section.

Research has shown that the limits of flammability is not a fundamental combustion parameter, but is dependent upon many variables which include, in part, the surface to volume ratio of reaction chamber, the flow direction, and velocity. In some experiments i t appears that with laminar flow, the upper limit increases with increasing velocity, reaches a maximum value independent of the tube diameter and then decreases with turbulent flow. On the contrary, the lower limit has been unaffected by flow rate.

ASTM E681-79 is an existing standard method for the determination of flammable llmits. However, much of the data contained in 3~5M were obtained b~ other methods. SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee fe l t that the inclusion of these paragraphs would enhance the treatment of the subject of flammable limits. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 6 - (Page 95,): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Hugh E. Thompson, Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd. RECOMMENDATION: Under Ethyl Alcohol Extinguishing Method change wording to read: "Use water spray or alcohol type roam."' SUBSTANTIA}ION: Water can be used in the for~ gf a ~ r a v t.o extinguish E~nyl Alcohol. The dist i l l ing inoustry nas/~sea sprinkler systems for many years to achieve protection and extinguishment and with excellent results. Spray streams on hose lines have also been used effectively.

175

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. The fo11owing editorial changes are to be made. The final two columns of the 325M Table will be arranged as

follows: See Introduction for Suggested

Extinguishing Methods Hazard Identification Further, in the Introduction dealing with Selecting an

Extinguishing Method, (page 9) number the following paragraphs in bold type numbering.

1. Water may be ineffective (p. 10). 2. Water or foam may cause frothing (p. 10). 3. Water may be used to blanket f i re (p. 10). 4. Water may be ineffective except as a blanket (p. 11). 5. Alcohol foam (p. 11). 6. Stop flow of gas (p. 11). The number codes will be used in the Extinguishing Methods

colume where special methods are required. On page 11, change the wording on the "Alcohol" foam paragraph

to read: "Alcohol Foam is recommended for all water soluble or polar

flammable liquids except for those that are only "very slightly" soluble. Certain judgment factors are again introduced since, for some liquids, ordinary foam might be used successfully to extinguish fires for liquids only "slightly" soluble in water, particularly i f regular foam was applied at increased rates over that normally recommended. Conversely, some Ylammable liquids, such as certain higher molecular weight alcohols and amines, will destroy "alcohol" foams even when applied at very high rates. Foam should not be used on water reactive flammable liquids. Recently developed "alcohol" foams have been listed by independent testing laboratories for use on both polar and non-polar flammable liquids. These "multi-purpose" foams are suitable for use on nearly all flammable liquids except those that are water reactive and are preferred for flammable liquid f i re emergencies since they greatly minimize problems of foam selection. The foam suppliers should be consulted for recommendations regarding foam types and delivery rates for specific applications.

On page 8, insert the word "Selecting" in front of the t i t l e "Extinguishing Methods."

On page g, insert the following sentence to immediately precede the final sentence of paragraph 1. "In some industries that use water miscible flammables, such as the d is t i l lery industry, sprinkler systems have been used to achieve protection and extinguishment with excellent results." COMMITTEE COMMENT: These actions, though different from that proposed by the Submitter, will alchieve the same purpose. The number designation under Suggested Extinguishing Methods will introduce the user to the complete explanation of what the phrase "water may be ineffective" means. In addition, the new sentence inserted on page g will advise the user of the advantageous use of water in the d is t i l lery industry. The other changes will be of assistance to all users of 325M. They are editorial in nature. The rewritten paragraph on alcohol foams brings 325M into current state of the art on the subject.

325M- 7 - (325M Table - Throughout): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties o--f--Fl~'~able Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Where advisory notes such as "vapors explosive" appear, they are to be moved from the extinguishing method column to the hazard identification column. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial clarif ication of the Code. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 8 - (Page 177, Trlchloroethylene): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Delete the "90'! listed under the Flash Point column and the Note "Practically nonflammable."

Refer the reader instead to NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemical Data, by use of a Note. Also, change the flar~nable limits data to read "8 and 10.5." SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee's opinion is that trichloroethylene does not exhibit a flash point when using conventional closed cup testing devices at room temperatures. The wide flammable limits and low flash point for trichloroethylene is misleading and has led to confusion on the part of users of 325M. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 9 - (325M): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Insert "OX" in Suggested Hazard Identification column wherever such a classification is so designated in NFPA 49M, Hazardous Chemicals Data by "OXY." SUBSTANTIATION: This will keep 325M consistent with NFPA 49M. I t ~Hould be noted that NFPA 704, Identification System for Fire Hazards of Materials now recommends the designation of oxidizers where appropriate, but i t specifies "OX" instead of "OXY." COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 10 - (Table): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: George F. Rotter, Armak Co. RECOMMENDATION: Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide, 1-4-4, OXY

Cumene Hydroperoxide, 1-2-4, OXY Acetic Acid, Glacial, I.T. not 863°C, but 427°C

SUBSTANTIATION: W is used in the fourth space, why not an indication of an oxidizer.

Ignition temperature, of acetic acid is just an error. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part. See Committee Comment. COMMITTEE COMMENT: 325M will contain the designation "OX" (not "OXY") wherever such a designation appears for a substance in NFPA 49, Hazardous Chemicals Data. The proper ignition temperature should be 463°C (not (4270), and this error will be corrected.

325M- 11 - (Page.lOg): Accept SUBMITTER: R.P. Vigneault, Exxon Company, USA RECOMMENDATION: Change the Flash Point designation of Kerosene (Fuel 011 #I} to read "lO0°F " rather than "110OF. " SUBSTANTIATION: The 100°F (37.8°C) Flash Point is stated as a specification by the American Society for Testing and Materials in their kerosene specification, ASTM D 3699. A revision would assure accuracy in all states, COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 12 - (325M): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Co~ittee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Delete any.and all references to the Underwriters Laboratories Classification system wherever i t appears in 325M. SUBSTANTIATION: The UL system is not referenced or explained in the Introduction; i t is not widely used; and i t may be a source of confusion to the user of 325M. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 13 - (Table): Accept SUBMITTER: F.D. Alroth, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise and add information on properties of flammable liquids, gases, and solids as shown in attached Table 1.

Table 1

Table Flash Ignition Flammable Limits Page in Point, Temperature Percent by Volume 325M Material OF (oc) OF (oc) Lowe__.__._[r Upper

69 2,2-dichloroethyl (+) (+) 2.7 (+) ether C ICH 2CH 20CH 2CH 2C l

132 Methy'lal -26 (+) 2.2 13.8 CH 30CH 20CH 3 (-32)

163 Propane (+) 842 (450) (+) (+) CHBCH2CH 3

166 n-Propyl ether (+) 370 (188) 1.3 7.0 (CHRHT)~O (Di~rbp~l ether)

179 Triethylamine 16 480 (249) (+) (+) (C2H5)3N

(+) - No Change.

SUBSTANTIATION: Inclusion of revised and additional data for 2,2-dichioroethyl ether, methylal (methyl formal), n-propyl ether, and triethylamine obtained in investigation of flammable gases and vapors. Test methods and results published in UL Bulletin oT Research No. 58B, copy attached.

Present correlation between degrees F and degrees C for ignition temperature of Propane not correct. I f test results were in degrees F, then 325M should show 842 (450), or i f test results were in degrees C, then 325M should show 810 (432). COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 14 - (325M): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Make the following changes to 325M data.

Acrylic Acid (glacial). Flammable limits 2.4% to 8.0%.

Anhydrous Ammonia. Flammable limits 15% to 28%, specific gravity 0.7 @ -33°C.

Add tert-Butylstyrene flash point 177 (81) TCC, flammable limits. I% (100°C) 2.7% (100°(:), specific gravity 0.9, boiling point 426 (219), water soluble: no, suggested hazard identification 2-2-2.

"Carbon Monoxide. Water soluble, slight or very slight, 2.3 ml per 100 ml.

176

Chlorobenzene. Flash point 82 (28) using Tag Closed Tester with 80% ortho, 17% para and 2% meta.

2,3-Dichloropropene. CH~CCICh~C1, TCC 59°F. (150C.) flammable limits 2.6%-7.8%, specific gravity 1.2, vapor density 3.8, boiling point 201 (g4), water soluble slight, suggested Hazard Identification 2-3-0.

2,4-Dichl oropheno1. Flash point shown is OC, vapor density is 5.6.

Diethanolamine. Flash point is 342 (172) using Pensky-Martens (PM) Closed Tester for 99.0% purity.

p-Diethyl Benzene. Flash point is 132 (55) using Tag Closed Tester, flammable limits 0.8% (135°F) and 5% (186°F) boiling point 358"(181) for 96% minimum para.

Diethylene Triamine. Flash point 208 (98) using PM Closed Tester, ignition temperature 676 (358), flammable limits 2% (150°C) - 6.7% (1BO°C), vapor density 3.56.

1,4-Dioxane (Diethylene ether). Should be spelled correctly.

Diphenyl Oxide. Flash point 234 (112) using PM Closed Tester boilingpoint 496 (258).

Dipropylene Glycol. Flash point 250 (121) using PM Closed Tester, vapor density 4.63.

Epichlorohydrin. Flash point 88 (31) using Tag Closed Tester.

Ethyl Benzene. Flash Point 70 (21) using Tag Closed Tester for 99% purity.

Ethyl Bromide. Flash point NONE, water soluble SLIGHT.

Ethyl Chloride. Water soluble SLIGHT.

95% Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether. Flammable limits 1.8% - 14% at STP (standard temperature and pressure).

Ethylene Oxide. Flash Point -20°F using Tag Open Cup, ignition temperature 1058°F with NO AIR.

Glycerine (USP 96%). Flash point 390 (199) using PM Closed Tester, vapor density 3.1, boiling point 340 (171).

Methyl Chloride. Flash poin~ -50°F.

Methyl Chloroacetate. Flash point 135 (57) using an open cup tester, flammable limits 7.5% (108°C) - 18.5% (121°C), concentration is 99%.

Methylene Chloride. Flash point NONE, flammable limits 14.8% - 22% at essentially 100% concentration.

Methylstyrene, See Vinyl Toluene. (Delete data shown).

Morpholine. Flash point 98 (37) using Tag Closed Tester, ignition temperature 555 (290).decomposes at 489 (250), lower flammable limit 1.4% at 100% concentration.

Polypropylene Glycols. Flash Point 365 (185) using PM Closed Tester, specific gravity 1.0+, boiling point, decomposes.

Propylene Glycol. Vapor density 2.62.

Propylene Oxide. Flammable limits 2.3% - 36%, specific gravity 0.83, boiling

point 94; all data at a 99.9% concentration. Styrene.

Flash Point 88 (31). Trichloroethylene.

Flash point NONE using Tag Closed Cup, flammable limits 8% - 10.5% @ 25°C, 7.8% - 52% @ 100°C.

Triethanolamine. Flash point 385 (196) using Tag Closed Tester, vapor density 5.1, all at 99% concentration.

Triethylene Glycol. Flash point 350 (177) using PM Closed Tester, ignition temperature 700 (371), vapor density 5.2, boiling point 546 (286), all data at 99% concentration.

Vinyl Bromide. This is a new one. Flash point NONE, ignition temperature 986 (530), flammable limits 9% - 15%, specific gravity 1.5, vapor density 3.7, boiling point 60 (15.8). water soluble; NO, suggested hazard identification 2-0-i.

Vinyl Chloride. Specific gravity .91.

Vinylidene Chloride. Flash point -19 (-28) using Tag Closed Tester, flan~able limits 6.5% - 15.5%, specific gravity 1.2, boiling point 89 (32).

Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanite. Flash point 260°F (127°C) vapor density 6.0 water soluble NO, extinguishing method - reacts exothermically with water.

Vinyl Toluene. Flash point 127 (58) using Tag Closed Tester, ignition temperature 1067 (575), boiling point 334.

Zinc Stearate. ZnC18H3B02, specific gravity 1.1.

SUBSTANTIATION: This data is provided by Dow Chemical and is based on their material safety data sheets. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 15 - (325M): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Make the following changes to 325M data.

Acetic Anhydride. Lower flammable limit 2.7, source Zabetakis (Z)

Benzol Lower flammable limit 7.9 (Z)

Butane Upper flammable limit 8.4 (Z)

Butylene Oxide This should read 2,3-Butylene Oxide, CH~COCHCH 3

1,2-Butylene Oxide Flash point -7 (-22), ignition temperature 822 (439~ flammable limits 1.7 -19, vapor density 2.2. This rlasn point is TCC and concentration is 99%

Cyclobutane Lower flammable limit is 1.8 (Z)

Cycloheptane Flammable limits are 1.1-6.7 (Z)

.Cyclopentane Lower flammable limit is 1.5 (Z)

Ethylene Oxide Lower flammable limit is 3.0. Source is Dow

Methyl Ethyl Ketone Lower flammable limit is 1.4 (Z)

Methylene Chloride Lower flammable limit is 14 according to Dow

Propyl Alcohol - , ,

Lower flammable limit is 2.2 (Z) Propyl Nitrate

Suggested hazard idRn~ificati6n for flammability should be 4, same as ethylene oxlae

Propyne This has a triple bond rather than double bond

Styrene Upper flammable limit is 7.0 according to Dow

Vinyl Acetylene This chemical has a double and triple bond rather than two double bonds

Vinyl Toluene Flash point 120 (58) according to setaflash by Dow

O-Xylene The upper flammable limit should be 7.0

SUBSTANTIATION: This data is provided by Dow Chemical. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 16 - (Page 189 and Page 145): Accept . SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on ClassITica~ion and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Delete the f i r s t Vinyl Toluene, keep the second one. Under the second one, delete the reference to Methyl Styrene. Under the Boiling Point column, insert "334UF (168°C).

On page 145, delete the entire entry for Methyl styrene. SUBSTANTIATION: This will correct duplications anainaccuracies in 325M. COMMITTEE ACT[ON: Accept.

325M- 17 - (Page 145): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable t.iquids RECOMMENDATION: Next to the entry "alpha Methylstyrene," l i s t the following two synonymns: "l-methylethenyl benzine"; and 1-methyl-l-phenylethene."

Also, take all of the data adjacent to the final entry on page 143, "1-methy{-1-phenylethylene" and insert i t next to,he entry "alpha Methylstyrene." Then delete the last entry on. page 143 in its entirety (1-Methyl-l-Phenylethylene). SUBSTANTIATION: This will correct inaccuracies and duplicate entries In 3~bM. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

177

325M- 18 - (8): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Combine the last three entries on page 68 as synonymous. Use the more conservative data as follows:

sym-Dichloroethylene (1,2-Dichloroethylene) Note: Exists as cis and trans isomers.

SUBSTANTIATION: This action will correct inaccuracies and duplication in 325M. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- lg - (Page 103 and Page 132): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Change the ignition temperature of ethyl ether to read 356UF on page 103.

Change the ignition temperature of methyl alcohol to read 867°F instead of 725°F on page 132. SUBSTANTIATION: This will correct apparent typographical error in 325M. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 20 - (Page 24): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b I e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Next to the All~l Chloride entryxchange the ignition temperature to read 737UF instead of 905UF. SUBSTANTIATION: This will correct an apparent typographical error. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 21 - (325M): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Make the following changes to 325M.

1. Amyi oxate (p. 29) will l i s t diamyl oxalate (p. 64) as a synonym, and the diamyl oxalate entry is to be deleted.

2. Ethyl oxalate (p. 107) will l is t diethyl oxalate as a synonym, and the diethyl oxalate (p. 27) will be deleted.

3. Methyl hexyl ketone (p. 140) will l i s t Octanone as a synonym, and Octanone (p. 152) will be deleted.

4. Methyl phenyl carbinol (p. 143) will no longer l i s t phenyl ~thyl carbinol as a synonym, and the entry for the latter (p. 160) will be deleted.

5. On page 181, the duplicate entries of 1,2,4Ltrimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene will be made singular, with the more conservative data to be used with the single entry.

6. On page 27, delete the entry tert-n-Amyl Alcohol. SUBSTANTIATION: These changes are made to eliminate unnecessary or incorrect duplication. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 22 - (325M Table): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties ~ b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Make the following changes to the Suggested Hazard Identification column for the chemicals listed.

Glacial Acetic Acid Delete the W Acetonitrile Change from 2-3.1 to 2-3-0 Acrolein Dimer 3-2-1 to 1-2-I Adiponitrile 2-2-0 to 4-2-0 Amyl Nitrate 1-2-2 to 2-2-0 Butyraldehyde . 2-3-1 to 2-3-0 Cellulose Nitrate 1-3-3 to 2-3-3 m or p Cresol 2-2-0 to 3-I-0 Cumene 0-2-0 to 2-3-0 Cyanogen 4-4-3 to 4-4-2 Decaborane 4-2-1 to 3-2-1 Di tert Butyl Peroxide 2-3-4 to 3-2-4 Ethylene Dichloride 2-3-1 to 2-3-0 Methylene Chloride 2-0-1 to 2-1-0 1,3- Dichloropropene 2-3-0 to 3-3-0 2,4- Dinitrotoluene 2-1-3 to 3-I-3 Divinylbenzene 1-2-2 to 2-2-2 Ethylenelmine 3-3-3 to 3-3-2 Ethylhexyl Acrylate 2-2-1 to 2-2-2 Furfural 1-2-1 to 2-2-0 Isophorone 2-I-0 to 2-2-0 Maleic Anhydride 3-1-1W to 3-I-1 Methyl Bromide 3-0-0 to 3-1-0 Methylbutyraldehyde 1 - 3 - 1 to 2-3-0 ,. Methylhydrazine 3-3-1 to 3-3-2 Methyl Vinyl Ketone 2-3-2 to 3-3-2 Nitromethane I-3-4 to 1-3-3 Nitropropanes 1 1-2-2 to 1-3-1 Nitropropanes 2 I-2-2 to 2-3-i

p-Nitrotoluene 3-1-I to 3-1-0 Paraformaldehyde 2-2-0 to 2-1-0 sec Amylamine 3-3-0 to 2-3-0 Propyltrlchlorosilane 3-3-2W to 3-3-1 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane 2-1-I to 3-0-1 Tetrahydrofuran 2-3-0 to 2-3-1 Trichloroethylene I-1-0 to 2-1-0 Triethanolamine I-1-1 to 2-1-1 Vinyltoluene 2-2-2 to 2-2-1

SUBSTANTIATION: These changes wil l reconcile differences between NFPA 325M and NFPA 49M, Hazardous Chemicals data. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 23 - (325M Table): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Place the letters "OX" in the Suggested Hazard Identlfication co lumn for the following entries:

Amyl Nitrate tert Butyl Hydroperoxide tert Butyl Perbenzoate tert Butyl Peroxypivalate Cumene Hydroperoxide Di tert Butyl Peroxide Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate Propyl Nitrate

SUBSTANTIATION: The "OX" is the appropriate symbol to be used in designating a substance as an oxidizer, in accordance with NFPA 704, Fire Hazards of Materials. The materials listed herein have been designated as oxidizers by NFPA 4gM, Hazardous Chemicals data. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

325M- 24 - (325M Table): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Classification and Properties of Flammable Liquids, RECOMMENDATION: Add the following entries to the data in 325M.

Methacrylonitrile, C4H5N, flash point 34OF, TCC, 1.10C, flammable limits 2-6.8%, S.G. 0.8, vapor density 2.3, boiling point 194OF (90), water soluble SLIGHT, hazard identification 2-3-2.

lx2,4-5 Tetrachlorobenzene, C6HI~C14, flash point 3n°F, 155uC, specific gravity 1.86, boiling point 472°F (245), water solub]e NO and hazard identification I-1-0.

2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate, (HEA), flash point 154 (68) TCC, flammable limits 1.8% lower, specific gravity 1.1, boiling point >375 (191), water soluble YES, hazard identification 2-1-1.

1,1,1-Trichloroethane, CH3CC13, flash point NONE, TOC, TCC, COC, flammable limits 7.5-12.5%, specific gravity 1.32, vapor density 4.55, boiling point 165 (74), water soluble NO, hazard identification 2-1-0.

for Propylene Glycol Monoacrylate, (HPA), flash point 149 (65~, lower flammable limit 1.8%, specific gravity 1.05, boiling point 375 (191), hazard identification 3-1-1. NOTE: This is for 97% HPA. SUBSTANTIATION: This is appropriate data furnished by the Dow Chemical Company. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

178

PART I I

30- 1 - (I-1.9 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on'General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Establish a new I-1.9 as follows: 1-1.9 Metrication. I f a value for measurement as given in this standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the- f i r s t stated is regarded as the requirement. -The given equivalent value may be approximate. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editor{al change. ~ O N : Accept.

30- 2 - (1-2 Definit ions): Accept ' SUBMITTER: Technical Comittee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: In the definit ions for Atmospheric Tank (p. 9) and also in Low Pressure Tank (p.14), add the phrase "measured at the top of .the tank" at the end of the last word. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial c lar i f icat ion. COMMITTEE ACTION:. Accept.

30- 3 - (I-2 Definit ions): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Insert a new definit ion of "Boil-over" as follows:

Boil-over shall mean an event in the burning of certain oi ls in an open top tank when, after a long period of quiescent burning, there is a sudden increase in f i re intensity associated with expulsion of burning oi l from the tank. Boil-over occurs when the residues from surface burning become more dense than the unburned oil and sink below the surface to form a hot layer which progresses downward much faster than' the regression of the liquid surface. When this hot layer, called a "heat wave", reaches water or water-in oi l emulsion in the bottom of the tank, the water is f i r s t superheated, and subsequently boils almost explosively, overflowing the tank. Oils subject to boil-over must have components having a wide range of boiling points, including both l ight ends and a viscous residue. These characteristics are present in most crude oi ls, and can be produced in synthetic m~xtures.

NOTE: A.boil-over is an ent i re ly 'd i f ferent phenomenon'from a slop over or froth-over. Slop-over involves a minor frothing which occurs when water is sprayed onto the hot surface of a burning o i l . Froth-over is not associated with a f i re but results when water is present or enters a tank containing hot viscous o i l . Upon mixing, the sudden conversion of water to steam causes

• a portion of the tank contents to overflow. SUBSTANTIATION: This is inserted for c lar i f icat ion of terminology, and is intended to make use of accepted definitions to avoid any confusion on the subject of boil-over versus "froth-over" and "slop-over." COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 4 - (I-2 Definitions Page 10): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Change the f i r s t sentence in the def ini t ion of Boiling Point to read:

The temperature at which a l iquid:exerts a vapor pressure of 14.7 psia (760 mm). The rest of the paragraph remains the same. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial c lar i f icat ion. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 5 - ( i-2 Definitions, Page 12): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION:: Insert a new paragraph after the present third paragraph on page 12, immediately preceding "Hotel," to read:

As an alternate, ASTM D-3828-79, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed Tester, may be used for materials other than those for which specific Setaflash Methods exist (c f . , ASTM D-3243-77 for aviation turbine fuels and ASTM D-3278-78 for paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, related products and their components.) SUBSTANTIATION: This change brings NFPA 30!up to date with NFPA 3"21~ Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 6 - (2-1.1 and 2-1.1(e)) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable an-~6-d-C-6ml)ustible L~quids RECOMMENDATION: On l ine 3 of 2-1.1, foi lowing the word "s tee l " , add the words "or approved non-combustible mater ia l . " Also, in 2-1.1(e), on l ine i , change the word "shal l " to "may."

SUBSTANTIATION: The f i r s t change is made so as not to impede new technology. The second change is an indication that special engineering consideration is not always required by the product's specific gravity or temperature, but rather may be required by such characteristics. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 7 - (Table 2-I , Table 2-3, Table 2-4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Place an asterisk, or other appropriate symbol~ next to the phrase "approved inerting system" where i t appears in the above tables, and at the bottom of each table include a reference "See NFPA 69, Explosion Prevention Systems." SUBSTANTIATION: This constitutes an editorial c lar i f icat ion, intended to advise the user on the subject of what might be considered to constitute an "approved inerting system." COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 8 - (2-1.3.1(e) (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Edward C. Nieshoff, Owens-Corning Fiberglas~Corp. R ~ A T I O N : "Add the following paragraph to 2-1.3.1:

.(e) American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks; ASTM D 4021-81. SUBSTANTIATION: The 1981 edition of NFPA 30 does not include a standard for-f iberglas reinforced plastic tanks.

Fiber glass reinforced plastic tanks are widely used in the petroleum storage industry. . .

This ASTM standard would provide a reference for local code o~ficials in evaluating the proposed use of f iber glass reinforced plastic tank!;.

References made to nonmetallic (also known as f iber glass 'reinforced plastic) underground tanks already exist in Section 2-3.2.3.

Supporting material of the ASTM standard -is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. - COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

In additioh--i-~sert category (f) as follows: (f) Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Standard for Glass-Fiber

Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Tanks for Petroleum Products, UL 1316-83T.

30- 9.- (2- i .6, 2-1.6.1 and (a), (b) and (c) (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Edward C. Nieshoff, Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. RE--C-OI~II~IE'-N-DATION: ' Designate existing paragraph 2-1.6;1 as (a) then add a second~aragraph (b) to .read as follows:

(b) In addition, underqround tanks shall include a str iker plate at the bottom inter lor of the tank under the f i l l opening.

Add: (c) Inter ior steel tank seams shall be seal welded 300 each

way from the bottom center line. SUBSTANTIATION: Internal corrosion of underground tanks has been recognized as a potential problem. (API underground tank leak studies stated that 32 percent of f iber glass tank leaks were caused by a puncture by a guage st ick.) The study also reported that 29 percent of the steel tanks that were equlpped with f i l l tubes were found to leak direct ly beneath the tube. Most f iber glass tank fabricators and most steel tank fabricators currently recommend the use of str iker plates under f i l l tubes~

This proposed change would bring the code up todace with current data concerning the cause of underground tank leaks.

The current Canadian UL standard (ULC 603.1-M 1982, Standards for Galvanic Corrosion Protection Systems for Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids) calls for str iker

.plates under f i l l tubes or protective coatings of the tank inter ior .

*The Steel Tank Inst i tute has a recommendation call ing for the welding of inter ior lap or offset ciFcumferential seams. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMIIILE cuMI~E-BT: In the Committee's opinion, there is insu f f i c ien t evidence to make this mandatory requirement in a l l cases. Furthermore, th is amounts t~ a design speci f icat ion, which is beyond the scope of the code. These items are adequately covered by present code language that requires compensation for corrosion.

30- 10 - (Table 2-7, page 25): Accept . SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General StoWage of Flammable an--n-a--CT6Tn~stil)le Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On the right side of Table 2-7, change the present heading "Fixed Roof Tanks" to read "Fixed Roof or Horizontal Tanks." SUBSTANTIATION: The editorial c lar i f icat ion is intended to address the questions raised about required distances relating to spacing, shell to shell, for horizontal tanks. In the Committee's opinion, such tanks should be treated the same as f ixed roof tanks, for spacing purposes. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

179

30- 11 - (2-2.1.1; 2-2.1.2; Table 2-1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable a n-a-n-d-i~6~u s t i b I e Liquids RECOMMENDATION:

2-2.1.1 At the end of the f i r s t paragraph, add a new sentence to read:

Where tank spacing is contingent on a weak roof to shell seam design, the user shall present evidence certifying such construction to the authority having jurisdiction, upon request,

On line 5 of 2-2.1.1, after the word "seam", insert "(See 2-2.5.3)."

2-2.1.2 On line I , after the word "sean~', insert "(See 2-2.5.3)."

In Table 2-1, lef t mid page, under the column "Vertical With Weak Roof to Shell Seam", change the reference from 2-2.1.1 to 2-2.5.3. SUBSTANTIATION: The f i r s t change is intended to clar i fy the question of identification of weak roof to shell construction, and to place responsibility for such identification.

The references to 2-2.5.3 are editorial in nature, as is the change in references in Table 2-1. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 12 - (2-2.3.3(g) 1 and 2 (page 28)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ d s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On line 2 of 2-2.3.3(g) 1, delete the word "approved."

On line 3 of 2-2.3.3(g) 2, correct 2500 to 2380 bbls. In paragraphs 1 and 2, use barrels and'liters only, and delete

the "gallon entries. SUBSTANTIATION: These are, in the opinion of the Committee, editorial clarifications and corrections. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 13 - (2-2.5.3): Accept SUBMII-FER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and CombustibIe Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Add a new sentence at the end of 2-2.5.3 to read:

Design methods which will provide a weak roof to shell seam construction are contained in API 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, and UL 142, Standard for Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable and Combustible Liquids. SUBSTANTIATION: This is, in the opinion of the Committee, an ~ i f i c a t i o n . The reference to the API and UL standards will assist the Code user in determining what acceptable construction standard is available. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 14 - (2-3.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Change 2-3.3 as follows:

2-3.3 Corrosion Protection. Tanks and their piping shall be protected by either:

(a) A properly engineered, installed, and maintained cathodic protection system consisting of

1. tanks, with or without coating, equipped with an impressed current system, or

2. tanks coated with a durable dielectric coating and equipped with zinc or magnesium anodes.

(b) (to remain as is in the present Code.) Add a new paragraph following (b) to read: The authority having jurisdiction may waive the requirements for

corrosion protection where evidence is provided that such protection is not necessary. SUBSTANTIATION: In the opinion of the Committee, the requirement for soil testing may have been confusing and misleading. A better approach to the problem is to require tank protection, rather than soil testing, unless the requirement for such tank protection can be proved to be unnecessary. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 15 - (2-3.3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Arnold Meyers, Clemmer Industries Limited RECOMMENDATION: I object to the basic statement contained in your present regulations which requires a bare steel underground tank to have cathodic protection Without specific criteria being stated. I request your urgent consideration of the following basic ideas, and hopefully an immediate revision will be distributed to those parties who use an NFPA 30 for administration in many areas of United States and Canada.

There are two basic methods of cathodic protection of steel underground tanks. The f i r s t being a properly epoxy coated steel tank, equipped with sacrificial zinc or magnesium anodes, i .e. , STI-P3 underground tank in the US, or the ULC S603, I M-1982 in Canada. The second being cathodic protection of bare steel tanks, or tanks with black paint which may be protected from corroding by using an impressed current system. This system is very satisfactory providing an automatic potential rect i f ier is used,

• along with the correct number of anodes which have been correctly designed to give a reasonable l i fe expectancy. Bare steel tanks or those coated with black paint can not be satisfactorily protected with magnesium or zinc sacrificial anodes. I t wilI require at least 30 anodes for a 6,000 US gal tank to supply a satisfactory amount of current for the proper corrosion protection.

A criteria definition should be included in NFPA 30 as follows: When a steel tank protected with sacrificial anodes is monitored using a copper/copper sulphate reference, a reading of -0.9 volts indicates the tank is protected from corroding. Impressed current systems for protecting bare steel tanks shall have a reading of 1.0 V "on potential" and the "instant off potential" reading shall not be less than -0.8 V when referenced to a copper/copper sulphate electrode. In conclusion the NFPA 30 should show the potential criteria for monitoring the tank. SUBSTANTIATION: None. ~UMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE COMMENT: See Action and Comment on 30-14 Committee Proposal. The changes proposed in 30-14 accomplish the same ends desired by the Submitter, but in appropriate Code language.

30- 16 - (2-3.3(a)): Reject SUBMITTER: Edward C. Nieshoff, Ownes-Corning Fiberglas Corp. ~ENDATION: Current section reads as follows:

"A properly installed and maintained cathodic protection system , with or without coatings, or"

This proposal would change this section by deleting the last word "or" and substituting a period for the comma after the word "coatings". Then the following sentence should be added:

"Cathodic protection systems shall be listed by a nationally recognized laboratory, or designed by and f ield tested under the direction of a registered professional engineer who is accredited as a corrosion specialist." SUBSTANTIATION: Cathodic protection systems currently being installed are either designed by the installing tank contractor or fabricator, or, as designed by corrosion engineers. This can lead to a wide variety of corrosion protection systems, some of which may not be suitable or in accord with the intent of the code. Local code off icials are normally not trained in the area of corrosion protection and can experience d i f f icu l ty in recognizing whether or not a system meets the intent of the code.

This code change would establish standards for the cathodic protection systems to be installed. Underwriters Laboratory and other labs are qualified to test and l i s t proposed cathodic protection systems. Also, corrosion engineers are available throughout the country to design and f ie ld test cathodic protection systems.

Page 2 of API 1615, (which is referenced in NFPA 30 following Section 2-3.3, Corrosion Protection) points out that the success of underground tank and pipe installations includes sound design of installations, capable and adequate supervision and inspection during installation, and thorough testing at appropriate stages of progress, as well as appropriate monitoring and maintenance programs. The addition of the proposed sentence supports this approach and helps the local code off icial determine whether or not the proposed system is in accord with the intent of the code. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. ~UMMI[IEE ~UMMENT: In the Committee's opinion, this proposed change does not add to the quality of the code requirements. There are no listings for cathodic protection systems, so listings should not be required.

30- 17 - (2-3.4 and 2-3.4.2, and Appendix B-6): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage o f Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Change the t i t l e of 2-3.4 to read:

Abandonment or Re-use of Underground Tanks Add a new 2-3.4.2: Used tanks shall be installed for flammable

or combustible liquids service only with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

Delete Appendix Section B-6. SUBSTANTIATION: In the Committee's opinion, the subject of re-use of tanks should be dealt with, and this is the appropriate section of the Code to do so. The burden for approval must reside with the authority having jurisdiction, based on his assessment of the tank condition as i t relates to the requirements of the Code for new tank installation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

180

30- 18 - (2-5.6): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Insert a bold-type heading before this section to read:

Tanks in Areas Subject to Flooding SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial clarif ication. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- lg - (2-7.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable' ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On line 4, delete "API monogram." SUBSTANTIATION: API no longer provides a monogram for tanks. ~ O N : Accept.

30- 20 - (2-7.2): Reject SUBMII-rER: Bruce R. Sharp, Armor Shield, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Section 2-7.2, Testing, should read as follows:

2-7.2 May be considered to be the test for tank tightness. Underground tanks and piping, before being covered, enclosed or placed in use shall be tested for tightness hydrostatically or with air pressure at not less than 3 Ib sq in. (20.68 kPa) and not more than 5 Ib sq in. (34.475 kPa).

New addition: "Existing tanks of piping should be clean and free of any

flammable and combustible liquids or vapors, before air tested for tightness. Pressure testing with air or other gases on tanks or piping that contain flammable and combustible liquids or vapors should be discouraged in practice and not required by regulations or ordinances. (See Section 3-7.1 for Testing Pressure Piping.) SUBSTANTIATION: Section 329 deals with tanks and piping that have flammable and combustible liquids stored therein. Air pressure testing on tanks and piping that do not contain product, is covered in NFPA 30-1981, Section 2-7 and 3-7, respectively. In Section 2-7, there is a need to clari fy that existing tanks and piping that have been cleaned and free of flammable materials, may be air or gas tested for tightness. Often a local f i re marshal is concerned about permitting air testing of existing tanks or pipes

"that have been cleaned. The existing wording of Section 2-7.2, "before being placed in use, shall be tested," is often interpreted to mean no existing tanks or pipes shall be air tested, even though cleaned and free of combustible materials. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE COMMENT: The Committee had some d i f f i cu l ty understanding precisely what this proposal wanted to change in the code, and the wording as submitted would be inappropriate as code language. I t is believed that the reference to 2-7.2 should have been 2-7.3. All of Section 2-7 deals with new installations, and not with installations that have been repaired. Air pressure testing on new installations is permitted by NFPA 30, provided that the tanks have not been placed in service (meaning before product has been put in the tanks). Allowing tanks that have been repaired to be tested with air is a matter that a local authority may permit, i f he is adequately convinced that the tanks are vapor free. The present code wording is adequate as is, in the Committee's opinion.

30- 21 - (2-7.4): Reject SUBMITTER: Bruce R. Sharp, Armor Shield, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Section 2-7.4 should read as follows:

Proposal 1 (preference): 2-7.4 Before the tank is piaced in service, all leaks or

deformations shall be corrected in an a(:ceptable manner. Lining of leaking tanks should be in accordance with good engineering standards. Underground atmospheric tanks may be lined and used with the scope of the American Petroleum Institute Standard No. 1631, Recommended Practice for the Interior Lining of Steel Underground Storage Tanks.

Proposal 2: Section 2-7.4 should read as follows: 2-7.4 Before the tank is in i t i a l l y piaced in service, all leaks

or deformations shall be corrected in an acceptable manner. (Second sentence deleted.) SUBSTANTIATION: The wording "mechanical caulking is not permitted for correcting leaks in welded tanks ex(:ept pin hole leaks in the roof," is a generic description. "Mechanical caulking" encompasses tank lining of both above and underground tanks. Acceptable manners of repair by such "mechanical caulking" has been developed by the following:

ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) API (American Petroleum Institute) NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) SPI (Society of Plastics Industry~ Section 2-7.4 implies that a leaklng steel tank may not be

lined. The only section dealing with l~ning is Section 2-1.6.1, stating "protective coatings or linings shall be provided, to compensate for corrosion loss expected." Nowhere is there a description recognizing l!ning of any type of tank, above or underground, for correcting leaks in new or existing tanks. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject.

COMMITTEE COMMENT: This submittal in effect offers'two proposals on Section 2-7.4. The f i r s t is rejected because the wording is outside the scope of the code, in the Committee's opinion. This section deals with new installations where a tank is shown to be leaking before being pIaced in service. I t does not deal with tanks that are leaking after having been in service.

The second part of the submittal is also rejected as inappropriate. I t is certainly not the Committee's intent to disallow repairs to tanks by relining them. Mechanical caulking is not related in any way to the relining process, and cannot be used as justif ication for prohibiting repairs to tanks by the relining process.

30- 22 - (2-9.1): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: John P- Caufield, Stanley J. Kossup, Newark Fire Department, NJ RECOMMENDATION: Revise 2-9.1 as follows:

2-9.1 TanE-~ receiving transfer of Class I liquids from mainline pipelines or marine vessels shall be:

(a) Gaged at frequent intervals while receivinq transfer of product, and communications maintained with mainlqne pipeline or marine personnel so that flow can be promptly shut down or diverted, and

(b) Equipped with an independent high level alarm located where personnel are on duty during the transfer and can promptly arrange for flow stoppage or diversion, and

(c) Equipped with an independent high level alarm system that will automatically shut down or divert flow. SUBSTANTIATION: The possible loss of l i fe , of both f i re fighters and civil ians, together with the substantial property damage possibility, mandates these safeguards to prevent overfi111ng of storage tanks during large volume transfers of Class I liouids. I f the proposed safeguards had been implemented, the overf i l l incident and subsequent explosion and f i re in Newark. NJ on January 7, 1983, along with other documented incidents, would not have occurred. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

Change 2-9.1 to read as follows: 2-9.1 Terminals receiving transfer of Class-I liquids from

mainline pipelines or marine vessels shall follow formal written procedures to prevent overf i l l ing of tanks covering details of one of the following methods of protection:

(a) Tanks gauged at frequent intervals by personnel continuously on the premises during product receipt with frequent confirmed communication maintained-with the supp!ier so that flow can be promptly shut down or diverted.

(b) Tanks equipped with a high level alarm which is independent of any tank gauging equipment. Alarms shall be located where personnel who are on duty throughout product receipt can promptly arrange for Flow stoppage or diversion.

(c) Tanks equippedwlth an independent high level alarm system that will automatically shut down or divert flow.

Establish a new 2-9.2 as follows: 2-9.2 Formal written procedures required in 2-9.1 shall include: (a) Validation of proper line up and receipt of in i t ia l

delivery to tank designated to receive shipment. (b) Provision for adequate supervision and monitoring

performance of operating personnel. (c) Schedules For check out and maintenance of high level

instrumentation and related systems. COMMITTEE COMMENT: In the Committee's opinion, i t would be Inappropriate and unjustifiably burdensome to require the cumulative provisions of the Submitter's proposal. The changes offered by the Committee should provide adequate protection against overf i l l , in that they establish requirements that can be monitored and inspected by authorities exercising jurisdiction.

30- 23 - (4-2.1 and Table 4-1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: J. P. Carroll, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: In 4-2.1, delete the word "Metal"~at the start of the second sentence. Add a new sentence to the paragraph, to read:

Polyethylene containers authorized by DOT exemption procedures shall be acceptable.

In table, under the new heading "Plastic Drum," add a single entry to read:

"DOT - As authorized by exemption," and insert the quantities "60", "60", and "60" under Class I , Class I I and Class I I I Liquids. SUBSTANTIATION: The proposed revision of Table 4-I, under t he heading of "Plastic Drum," provides recognition of,polyethylene containers authorized by DOT exemption procedures Tor the storage of Class I I and Class I l l liquids. The SPI believes the revision should expand to include the storage of Class I liquids. Recent test work has demonstrated that the BLEVE phonomenon does n%t occur in an exposed plastic drum. This inherent property oT plastic drums provides a level of safety which should not be ignored.

Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE COMMENT: This item was received as a Comment to the 1981TCD but i t arrived after the closing date for such comments, and after the Committee had met to resolve all comments. I t is now being treated as a proposal.

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The Committee feels that a portion of what the Submitter desires has already been accepted in the 1981 edition. Polyethylene drums authorized by DOT exemption procedures are recognized in Table 4-2.3. However, the Committee does not agree that such drums should be approved for each Class I category in the 60 gallon size, and so the second portion of the proposal is rejected. Convincing evidence has not been provided to assure the Committee that problems associated with environmental stress cracking, static electr ic i ty, and permeation have been adequately resolved. Furthermore, storage of Class I liquids in these drums might require installed f ire pmotection beyond what is now provided in NFPA 30.

30- 24 - (4-2.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Michael J. Roman, Continental Plastic Containers ~ D A T I O N : Insert as the fourth sentence in NFPA 30, Section 4-2.1, the following:

"Nonreusable polyethylene containers, in outer cartons, made of DOT Type I l l plastic, treated i f necessary to prevent permeation, having a minimum overall thickness of 0.010 in., a rated capacity not over 2.5 gal, a 15 percent maximum outage over marked capacity, meeting the closure and testing requirements of, and containing combustible products authorized by DOT Specification 2U shall be acceptable." SUBSTANTIATION: For the packaging of less than 5 gal, seamed metal containers have often been a problem because of seam failure, rusting, handle failure, di f f icul t ies in pouring, cost, etc. DOT specification 34 and ANSI/AST~ 3435-78 Jerry Cans provide for polyethylene containers for both flammable and combustible liquids. These are reusable and permitted for storage of highly flammable liquids; therefore, they must be of very strong construction and, concomitantly, high cost. There is a need for a nonreusable plastic container in an outer shipping carton for the temporary storage of combustible liquids. A representative will be happy to appear before the Committee for detailed discussions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Establish a new 4-2.3.2 to read as follows (with the present 4-2.3.2 to be renumbered as 4-2.3.3):

4-2.3.2 DOT Type I l l polyethylene nonreusable containers, constructed and tested in accordance with DOT specification 2U, treated i f necessary to prevent permeation, may be used for storage of Class I I and Class I l l fuels, in capacities not to exceed 2 1/2 gal. COMMITTEE COMMENT: The Committee could not accept the proposal as submitted since i t would amount to a specification for containers, and NFPA 30 is not a specification code. This wording should accomplish the desired end of the Submitter, and i s more appropriate than the version that was submitted.

30- 25 - (4-2.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: James A. Dyer, Mark Products RECOVuMENDATION: Insert as the fourth sentence in NFPA 30, Section 4-2.1, the following:

"Nonreusable polyethylene containers, in outer cartons, made of DOT Type I l l plastic, treated i f necessary to prevent permeation, having a minimum overall thickness of 0.010 in. a rated capacity not over 2.5 gal, a 15 percent maximum outage over marked capacity, meeting the closure and testing requirements of, and containing combustible products authorized by DOT Specification 2U shall be acceptable." SUBSTANTIATION: For the packaging of less than 5 gal, seamed metal containers have often been a problem because of seam failure, rusting, handle failure, di f f icul t ies in pouring, cost, etc. DOT specification 34 and ANSI/ASTM 3435-78 Jerry Cans provide for polyethylene containers for both flammable and combustible liquids. These are reusable and permitted for storage of highly flammable liquids; therefore, they most be of very strong construction and, concomitantly, high cost. There is a need for a nonreusable plastic container in an outer shipping carton for the temporary storage of combustible liquids. A representative will be happy to appear before the Committee for detailed discussions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE COMMENT: See "ommittee Action on 30-24.

30- 26 - (4-2.3.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On line 1, between the words "other" and "common", insert the word "similar". SUBSTANTIATION: THis change is intended to help~lar i fy what types of products fa l l into the category of "common consumer products", in addition to those that" are listed, viz, medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, and cosmetics. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 27 - (4-3.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Insert a new final sentence in 4-3.2 to read:

"The cabinet is not required to be vented." SUBSTANTIATION: This provision has been implicit in the Code, but its c lar i ty has not been apparent to Code users. Insertion of this sentence wi l l , i t is hoped, help to clar i fy the Committee's intent. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 28 - (4-4.1.6(a)): Accept SUBMITTER: William S. Anderson, 3M Company ~ A T I O N : On line 8, add the following text as a continuation of the sentence, as follows: • "Exhaust from the room shall be directly to the exterior of the building without recirculation except where such recirculation is monitored continuously and the fai l-safe system is designed to automatically sound an alarm, stop circulation, and provide ful l exhaust to the outside in the event that vapor-alr mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit are detected. SUBSTANTIATION: The present text requires "discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building." No provision is made for recirculation of air even with the provision of monitoring for the presence of flammable vapors. This imposes a high energy cost in cold climates. This operating cost is not only unnecessary considering the present state of the technology of monitoring for flammable vapors, i t is hazardous. The hazard arises when either supervision shuts down the ventilation to control costs or workers do the same to avoid uncomfortably low temperatures in the workplace. Such discipline problems havebeen detected by both private and public inspectors.

The revision would provide a higher probability that proper ventilation would be maintained, would enhance detection of the presence of flammable vapors, and would reduce costs through energy conservation. Detection of presence of flammable vapor or of system trouble would return the system to "discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building." This is the same as present.

Adoption of the three related proposals, 4-4.1.6(a), 5-3.5.1, and 8-3.3.1, would maintain the uniform treatment now provided by the standard for inside storage rooms, industrial plants, and processing plants. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 29 - (4-5.7.14): Reject SUBMITTER: William S. Anderson, 3M Company ~ A T I O N : Add a new Section 4-5.7.14 as follows:

4-5.7.14 Ventilation. Adequate ventilation as defined in Section I-2 of this Code shall be provided. SUBSTANTIATION: The present text makes no mention whatsoever of ventilation of liquid warehouses. The proposed addition of a performance standard referenced to an existing definition would correct this deficiency. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE COMMENT: This proposal would require substantial ventilation where i t is not now required, and there is, in the Committee's opinion, insufficient substantiation demonstrated for its need.

30- 30 - (5-2.2.2(d)): Accept , SUBMITTER: Charles W. Harding, Clawson Tank Co. ITt-C~ATION: Revise 5-2.2.2(d) as follows:

(d) Two portable tanks not exceeding 660 gal (2498.1 L) of Class IB, IC, Class I I or Class I l l A liquids. SUBSTANTIATION: In large industrial plants liquids incidental to the operation frequently are transported, stored and used from approved portable tanks. Since i t is extremely costly to shut down the processes which require the liquids, a standby container is essential. In normal practice the entire contents of the portable tank is drawn off prior to ordering another tank delivered from the liquid warehouse. The process is then switched over to the standby container which is in turn used completely. In the meantime another portable tank is moved into place and the

-empty portable tank is returned to the liquid warehouse for ref i l l ing or return to,he appropriate liquid supplier. The efficient transfer of these portable tanks requires a period of time to carryout, usually about one work shift or 8 hours. The standby container is usually one or more 55 gallon drum(s) depending upon the required transfer time. I f a second approved portable tank is permitted to be uti l ized, this unsafe and inefficient use of drums could be eliminated. Plant safety would be improved in the following ways:

1. There would be no need for one or more drums of liquid to be unsafely stored at this point of use.

2. Empty liquid drums will be eliminated from this point of use.

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3. The liquid would be stored in approved portable tanks designed to safely store and transport liquids under D.O.T. 57 or NFPA 386. D.O.T. specifications set minimum performance criteria for these tank addressing: a) weld efficiency; b) stacking requirements; c) supports such as legs or skids; d) vibration tolerance testing; e) drop testing; f) l i f t ing lug testing; g) pressure testing; and h) protective devices for f i t t ings.

4. All tanks are f i t ted with emergen(~ pressure rel ief venting. preventing exploding barrels in the event of f i re exposure.

5. Tanks are constructed of thicker, more durable material resulting in less leaks due to metal fatigue or fork truck accidents.

6. Since t~ese tanks contain 5 to 12 times more liquid than a drum, they proportionately reduce the probability of material handling accidents because of less trips.

7. Since these containers can be completely emptied prior to moving away from the area where the liquids are being consumed, the emptied containers are safer in that they contain v i r tual ly no liquid whereas a barrel is not designed'for complete drainage.

Therefore, the addition of one more portable tank to a f i re area will not measureably increase the exposure of that area in view of the safety record earned to date by approved portable tanks Improved plant safety should result from th~ adoption of this proposal. COMMI1-FEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 31 - (5-2.2.2(d) and (e)(New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Gerald J. Rosicky, Industrial Fire Protection Section ~ A T I O N : Revise Article 5-2.2.2(d) to read as follows:

One portable tank not exceeding 660 gallons-(2500 L) of Class IB, IC, Class I I or Class I l ia liquids." SUBSTANTIATION: The change is intended to only include those liquids which have a flash point up to 200OF (93.4°C) for consideration to be stored or used in industrial plants in the portable tank category for the following reasons:

1. Portable tanks that are util ized for any f luid must meet the DOT specifications 56 and 57 which include the following safeguards:

(a) An impact test must be conducted from a two f t free drop of a fu l ly loaded tank with no leakage occurring,

(b) A stacking requirement so that there is not permanent deformation of the tank when loaded to maximum gross weight and stacked 18 f t high,

(c) A l i f t ing requirement that l i f t ing lugs must be capable of supporting, at least three times the maximum gross weight of the tank.

(dl A support requirement for the legs of the tanks so that they must be capable of absorbing the force equal to the maximum gross weight of the tank without effect to the product retention of the tank,

(e) Fittings must be capable of withstanding a force equal to twice the gross weight of the tank without damage,

(f) The tank must maintain, on a pressure test, at least 1-1/2 times the design pressure for at least five minutes under hydrostatic testing. Also, each tank m~st be leak tested by a minimum sustained air pressure of at least 3 psi applied to t h e ent'ire tank to determine leakage and,

(g) Venting devices must be provided in accordance with a table that indicates cu f t of free air per hour based on the total surface area including the legs.

2. 55 gal drums have had a poor experience in industrial occupancies and, therefore, a device such as a portable tank for these high flash point liquids would provide a higher degree of f i re safety than is presently available. For every one. time that a portable tank is transported (500 gal capacity), nine 55 gal barrels would require the same transporting arrangement thereby increasing the potential for leakage by a factor of nine. Leaking drums have been a serious problem in industry.

3. 55 gal drums do not contain any venting capability. Barrels which have been f ire exposed present a sky-rocketing explosion potential that would not be presented by these portable tanks due to their venting capability.

4. A typical plant which has been surveyed by us indicated that 20 percent of all barrels containing liquids enter the plant only once because they have to be scrapped due to leakage or other reasons.

5. The material used in the shell construction is quite substantial (usually ten gauge) which therefore increases the abi l i ty to resist leakage by fo rk - l i f t piercing or dropping of a container. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Insert a new (e) entry to read: (e) Twenty portable tanks not exceeding 660 gal (2500 L) each

of Class I l i a liquids. COMMI1-FEE COMMENT: See Committee Action and Comment on proposal number 30, submitted by Mr. Harding. Action'on that proposal accommodates the request of the Submitter, in the Committee's opinion. The inclusion of a new (e) addresses the storaqe of Class I l ia liquids, in an amount that the Committee conslders appropriate and reasonable.

30- 32 - (5-3.5.1): Accept SUBMITTER: ~liIIiam S. Anderson, 3M Company RECOMMENDATION: Add wording to the sentence that begins on line 3 so that i t re~ds as Follows:

"This shall be accomplished by natural or mechanical ventilation with discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building without recirculation except where mechanical recirculation is monitored continuously and the fail-safe system is designed to automatically sound an alarm, stop recirculation, and provide ful l exhaust to the outside in the event that. vapor-air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit are detected." SUBSTANTIATION: The revision would provide a higher ~robability that proper ventilation would be maintained, would enhance detection of the presence of flammable vapors, and would reduce costs through energy conservation. Detection of presence oT flammable vapor or of system trouble would return the system to • "discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building." ~his is the same as present. Adoption of the three related proposals, 4-4.1.69a), 5-2.5.1, and 8-3.3.1, would maintain the uniform treatment now provided by the standard for inside storage rooms, industrial plants, and processing plants. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 33 - (6-3.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: In the next to the last line of 6-3.1, after the word "nearesi~, change the wording to read " f i l l "spout or (liquid or vapor) transfer connection." Insert a new sentence before the last sentence to read:

These distances may be reduced by uti l iz ing fixed f i re protection systems, f i re rated barriers, or combinations of the two.

The last sentence remains as is. SUBSTANTIATION: The f i r s t change is an editorial clarification. The second change recognizes the f i re protection advantages offered by fixed f i re protection and Fire barriers, ano offers soma latitude .to the exercise of judgment by the authority having jurisdiction. COMMITTEE ACTION: .Accept.

30- 34 - (6-3.2): Accept in Pr inc ip le SUBMII-FER: Flark Holcomb, Kentucky State Fire Marshals Office RECOMMENDATION: Add new final sentence, as follows:

Undergroun(Fremote pumps shall have installed on the discharge side an approved leak detection device which will provide an . indication i f the piping and dispenser are not essentially Hquia tight. SUBSTANTIATION: Chapter 7 requires leak detection for remote pumps used in connection with service stations. The same requirement should be applied to bulk plants,,as, for example, when remote pumps are used for loadinq racks. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Establish a new 6-3.3 to read:

Remote Pumps located in underground tanks shall have installed on the pump discharqe side a listed leak detection device which will provide an indlcation i f the piping system is not essentially liquid tight. This device shall be checked and tested at least annually according to the manufacturer's specifications to insure proper installation and operation. COMMITTEE COMMENT: The Committee agrees with the Submitter's rationale, but prefers its version of appropriate wording.

30- 35 - (6-3.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Insert bold type heading as follows: " 6-3.5 Vapor Control. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial clarif ication intended to improve the style of the CodeL COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 36 - (6-3.6): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: John W. Storb, Storb Incorporated RECOMMENDATION: Add the following to 6-3.6:.

Lxception: -Explosion-proof vapor processlng equipment rated Class I , Group D, Division 1 need not be spaced any specified distance; but should comply with all requirements of the National Electric Code (NEC) latest edition. SUBSTANTIATION: Ex~losion-prooT pumps and starters are now placed immediately adjacent to the tanks whose product the~ are handling, provided they are rated Class I , Group D, Divisionz as per NEC. Other structures should be no different than that required for the pumping units noted above. COMMITTEE ACI'ION: Accept in Principle.

Delete 6-3.~--entirely. COMMITTEE COMMENT: The Committee agrees with the rationale of the Submitter, but prefers its approach to addressing a solution to the problem.

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30- 37 * (Table 6-1 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMII'TER: R. S. Pinkerton, City of Los Angeles RECOMMENDATION: Add the following Table 6-1:

Table 6-1

NEC Class Extent of Location Division Classified Area

Loading and Unloading of Tanker Ships Dock

Loading hose manifold 2

The entire horizontal .area of the loading dock and the horizontal area extending 35 f t in all directions from the tanker loading dock and continuing 15 f t inland measured from the mean high tide line shall be considered a Class I Division 2 location. The Class 1 Division 2 location shall also extend, vert ical ly, below the dock to the water and upward to a level of 100 f t above the surface of the loading dock.

Exception: The hazardous location shall not be required to extend more than 18 in. above that portion of the grade, dock or ramp which is mere than 35 f t from the ship side of the loading dock.

The Class 1 Division 2 location shall extend 25 f t in all directions from the surface of the loading hose manifold.

Building 2 The interior of a building, any portion which is located in a Class 1 Division 2 location, shall be classified as a Class i Division 2 location.

Exception: Buildings which are provided with satisfactory positive pressure ventilation, and safeguards, with air taken from a clean air source may be considered to be a non-hazardous location.

SUBSTANTIATION: Following an explosion aboard an oil tanker which destroyed the ship at i ts dock in the Los Angeles City harbor a Task Force was appointed to study the causes and recommend regulations which would minimize the chances of another such accident. The Task Force discovered that the Electrical Code requirements dealing with the installation of electric wiring on tanker loading docks were weak and inadequate, and accordingly appointed an ad-hoc Electrical Code Advisory Committee to study the problem and propose appropriate changes to the Los Angeles City Electrical Code.

NOTE: L.A. City Code requirements for hazardous locations are the same as NEC.

A survey of National Codes, standards or other publications dealing with the handling of flammable liquids or gases revealed that there are no existing standards for electrical systems which are located on tanker loading docks. One publication, The National Oil Tanker and Terminal Safety Guide, did provide helpful background information which enabled the Committee to develop valid, practical standards.

The developers of the safety guide had conducted wind tunnel tests to determine the extent of flammable vapors from the discharge point. These tests provided several different conditions which included various discha[ge rates of the vapor, various heights of the discharge opening, the number of exhaust vents and the effect of shipboard superstructures on the flow of vapors. The extent of the flammable vapors from the discharge point was well delineated and gave the Committee a very real and practical guide in establishing the parameters of locations classified as hazardous.

The recommendations in the Oil Tanker and Terminal Safety Guide are consistent with NFPA Pamphlet 497-1975, Classification of Class I Hazardous Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Plants. Although this pamphlet does not specify requirements on tanker loading docks, i t does classify certain areas as hazardous around similar operations such as bulk loading of tanker trucks, bulk loading of railway tank cars and areas around large storage tanks located adjacent to refineries.

The main source of the hazard, obviously, is aboard ship and to be completely accurate, the extent of a hazardous area must be delineated from the tanker vent. The Committee agreed that this would be impractical and unenforceable and so a study was made to determine the shortest distance from a ship vent to ship side of the dock and how far the vapors would extend from that point was determined by the results of the wind tunnel tests.

The proposed Code requirements are the results of this study. With the tremendous increase in the handling of petroleum products in the nation's harbors, i t is imperative that the NEC be updated to provide for safe electrical systems installed adjacent to this extremely flammable material.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Following the f i r s t page of Table 6-5.3, insert i l lustration, Fig. 10, from the American Petroleum Institute's RP 500A, Recommended Practice for Classification of Areas for Electrical Installations in Petroleum Refineries.

~ ApF'R

[ ] . . . . . [ ] . . . . [ ] . . . . . . . .

Notes: I . The "source of vapor" shall be the operating envelope and

stored position of the outboard flange connection of the loading arm (or hose).

2. The berth area adjacent to tanker and barge cargo tanks is to be Division 2 to the following extent:

a. 25 feet horizontally in all directions on the pier side from that portion of the hull containing cargo tanks.

b. From the water level to 25 feet above the cargo tanks at their highest position.

3. Additional locations may have to be classified as required by the presence of other sources of flammable liquids on the berth, or by Coast Guard or other regulations.

Figure 10 - Refinery Marine Terminal Handling Flammable Liquids

COMMITTEE COMMENT: In the Committee's opinion, the best method of clarifying and solving the problem is by means of an i l lustration that will clar i fy Committee intent.

30- 38 - (7-2.1.I and 7-2.1.2 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Rewrite 7-2.1.1 as follows:

7-2.1.1 Liquids shall be stored in: (a) approved closed containers not exceeding 60 gal (227 L)

capacity, o r (b) tanks in special enclosures inside buildings as described

in 7-2.2, or (c) aboveground tanks supplying marine service stations as

provided in 7-2.1.6, or (d) an approved tank that is part of a fuel dispensing system

as provided for in 7-8.3.6, o r (el tanks located underground as in 2-3, or (f) tanks or containers inside service station buildings as

provided for in 7-2.3.3 and 7-2.3.4. Establish a new 742.1.2 as follows: 7-2.1.2 Vent pipes on tanks storing gasoline shall be in

accordance with 2-3.5.1, 2-3.5.2, and 243.5.6, as applicable, and shall discharge only upward in order to disperse vapors (also, see 7-8.3.4, 7-8.3.5, and 7-8.3.6).

Renumber all sections accordingly, beginning with present 7-2.1.2 as 7-2.1.3. SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial change. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

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30- 39 - (7-2.1.4): Acceot SUBMITTER: Robert Petersen, Edwin K. Williams & Co. RECOMMENDATION: Delete the present second sentence and replace i t wlth the following:

The records shall be kept at the premises or made available for inspection by the enforcing authority within 24 hours of a written or verbal request. The records shall include, as a minimum, records showing by product, daily reconciliation between sales use, receipts, and inventory on hand. SUBSTANTIATION: This proposed change will allow marketers an opportunity to retrieve inventory records that are not at the premises. Records can be produced for inspection within a day's time. Capability for such record retrieval now exists. COMMII'rEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 40 - (7-2.3.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Comittee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Change 7-2.3.3 to read:

7-2.3.3 Class I I and Class I l IA liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings from tanks of not more than 120 gal (454 L) for each class, with an aggregate capacity not exceeding 240 ga] (908 L). SUBSTANTIATION: \The wording in 7-2.3.3 was vague and open to misinterpretation; I t was unclear i f there was any limit on the total quantity that might be stored. This change is intended to clari fy that, but the limitation is not intended to apply to Class II IB liquids. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 41 - (7-2.3~4 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Establish a new 7-2.3.4 to read:

7-2.3.4 "lass IIIB liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings in tanks or containers, subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction. SUBSTANTIATION: This change will allow the authority having jurisdiction to exercise greater judgement in allowing storage of Class I I IB liquids inside service station buildings. COI~41TTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 42 - (7-3.2.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: C. A. Sousa, Phillips Petroleum Company RECOIV~IENDATION: Add sentence to paragraph:

Leak detection device shall be checked and tested~y'early according to manufacturers specifications to insure'proper installation and operation of the device. SUBSTANTIATION: Remote pumping system leak detectors are mechanical devices which require periodic testing to determine i f they are performing the safety task for which they were intended.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Place the second sentence of 7-3.2.2 as the f i rs t sentence of a new 7-3.2.3, and change the word "approved" to read "l isted." Add a second sentence to the new 7-3.2.3 to read:

Each leak detecting device shall be checked and tested at least annually according to the manufacturers' specifications to ensure proper installation and operation.

Renumber all subsequent sections accordingly. COMMITTEE COMMENT: The Committee agrees with the Submitter but feels that ~ts proposed change deals with the problem in a more suitable fashion.

30- 43 - (7-3.2.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On line 6, delete the ;entence beginning " I f a coupling" and in its place insert the following: "An emergency shut off valve incorporating a slip joint feature shall not be used." SUBSTANTIATION: In the Committee's opinion, slip joints are not a proper device in this application. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 44 - (7-4.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Renumber this section as 7-4.2, and number all subsequent sections accordingly.

On page 104, in Section 7-8.4.5, the re£erence should be to 7-4.1.2 rather than 7-4.2. SUBSTANTIATION: These are editorial corrections to the Code. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 45 - (7-4.3.2 and 7-4.4.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage!of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Delete 7-4.4.2 in its entirety.

Change 7-4.3.2 to read: Dispensing devices for Class I liquids shall be listed. Existing listecl or labeled dispensing devices may be modified provided that the modifications made are "Listed by Report" by an approved testing laboratory or as otherwise approved by the authority having Jurisdiction. Modification proposals shall contain a description of the component parts used in the modification and the recommended methods of installation on specific dispensers and i t shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction upon request. SUBSTANTIATION: By this relocation of the wording from 7-4.4.2 to 7-4.3.2, the modification concept applies to other than just vapor recovery. I t covers all Class I dispensing units. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 46 - (7-4.3.6 New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable andT6m-b'ustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Establish a new 7-4.'3.6 to read:

Hose lengths at service stations shall not exceed 18 f t (5.5 m) unless approved by the authority having jurisdiction. All hose shall be listed. When not in use, hose shall be so secured as to protect i t from damage. SUBSTANTIATION: The Bureau of Weights and Measures sets a limit of 18 f t , an~-NFPA 30 has set limits in the past, as in Section 7-8.3.5. Most hose in use at dispensing units is substantially less than 18 f t (5.5 m). COMMITTEE ACFION: Accept.

30- 47 - (Table 7-5, page gg): Reject SUBMITTER: R. Perschbacher, UnderwritersLaboratories Inc. ~ A T I O N : Adjacent to the word "Dispenser" on Table 7-5:

1. Division 1: No change. 2. Division 2: First paraqraph last sentence revisedto read: Within 18 in. horizontal lyln all directions up to four f t

vert ical ly from the dispenser enclosure. SUBSTANTIATION: The Division 1 area can now be an isolated cube or rectangul~ area within a dispenser housing. The authority having jurisdiction would have a d i f f i cu l t i f not impossible task determining the 18 in. extent of the Division 2 area horizontally in all directions from this cube or rectangular area which is within the housing. This revision would standardize the area yet not penalize installations. I t would also clar i fy the Division 2 area from the opening of a nozzle boot which now is only "18 in. horizontally" and should also be "extending to grade below this classified area." COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE COMMENT: In the Committee's opinion~ the existing text is adequate and understandable . In Addition, the Submitter is referred to the Committee Action on Proposal 48.

30- 48 - (Table 7-5, Page 99): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: In the last paragraph on page 99, remove the word "horizontally" on the f i rs t line of that paragraph. SUBSTANTIATION: In the Committee's opinion, this is an editorial clarif ication. The word "horizontally" caused confusion, and its removal wil l he!p to clar i fy the i~tent of the Code provision. The classified area extends 18 in. in all directions not just horizontally. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 49 - (Table 7-5, page iO0): Accept SUBMII'FER: Telchnical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On the left side of Table 7-5, under "Dispensing Units", place an asterisk adjacent to "Overhead Type". At the bottom of the page, below the Table, place an asterisk with the word "ceiling mounted hose reel". SUBSTANTIATION: This is an editorial clarif ication that is intended to distinguish this type of overhead dispenser from the new multiple product type dispensers that provide hose that oriqinates at the top of the dispensing unit. CO~ITTEE ACTION: Accept.

1 8 5

30- 50 - (7-7.4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable an--n-d--C'~-~-~stible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: .Insert the phrase "including the open draining of automative gasoline tanks" immediately following "Class I l iquids" on line 3. SUBSTANTIATION: This change should help to c lar i fy what is meant by "dispensing or transferring", and is intended to highlight the hazard of placing heating units that comprise a source of ignit ion in areas where gasoline tanks or fuel systems are drained. COMMII'rEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 51 - (7-7.8): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On line 3, add the words "or transferred" fo I | owi ng the word "d isp ensed." SUBSTANTIATION: See Committee Comment on previous action on 7-7.4 (30-50). COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 52 - (7-8.1.2): Accept SUBMI1-FER: Technical Committee on General Storage'of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: On line 2, following the word "manufacturer", delete the words "the valve", and insert in their place the following:

"the latch-open device shall be an integral part of the valve assembly, and such valve latch-open device combination . . . . " SUBSTANTIATION: This is intended to c la r i f y the intent of the code, to the effect that make shi f t or portable devices are not to be used to hold open the hose nozzle valve. Only installed devices are to be employed, COMMII-FEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 53 - (7-8.1.2.1 (New)): Accept SUBMII-TER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Add a new 7-8.1.2.1 as follows:

7-8.1.2.1 At any instal lat ion where the flow of product normally is stopped other than by the hose nozzle valve, such as at pre-pay stations, the system must include listed equipment with a feature that causes or requires the closing of the hose'nozzle valve before product flow can be resumed or before the hose nozzle valve can be replaced in i ts normal position in the dispenser; or the hose nozzle valve shall not be equipped with a hold-open device. SUBSTANTIATION: In the Committee's opinion, this wording is required in order to eliminate the possib i l i ty of product spillage that may occur at pre-pay type service station fac i l i t i es . This wording allows for dif ferent approaches to be used in remedying the problem, including simply removing the hold-open latch. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 54 - (7-8.2): Accept SUBMII-[ER: Donald C. Hoffman, Chilton Metal Products Division ~ A T I O N : At the end of 7-8.2, add a reference as follows:

(See 4~2.1) SUBSTANTIATION: Section 7-8.2 indicates that a container shall be constructed of metal or be approved. Referring to section 4-2.1 wi l l of fer guidance to enforcing authorities regarding types of containers other than metal that might be acceptable. CO~I~ITTEI ACTION: Accept. COMMITTEE COMMENT: Add reference, and also add the words "for further information" immediately following the reference.

30- 55 (7-8.2.2 (New)): Accept SUBMII'rER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable an'a-6B-~c~-n~E~stible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Establish a new 7-8.2.2 to read:

Portable containers shall not be f i l l ed while located inside the trunk or passenger compartment of a vehicle." SUBSTANTIATION: I t is the Committee's intent that this action wi l l serve to eliminate a practice that was called to i ts attention as being commonplace. The practice of f i l l i n g containers that are in the trunk or passenger compartment is, in the Committee's opinion, very dangerous. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 56 - (7-8.3.4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: In the next to last sentence, change the words "under permit from" to read "with the approval of". In the last sentence, change the word "permit" to "approval". SUBSTANTIATION: This change is proposed because there are many local jurisdict ions that do not engage in the issuance of permits, yet are required to render approvals. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 57 - (7-8.4.4): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable an-'~B-~F6m~-ustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Insert a new (2) and change the present (2) and (3) to (3) and (4) respectively.

(2) prevent theuse of hose nozzle valve latch-open devices that do not con~ply with 7-8.1.2. SUBSTANTIATION: This change is intended to call attention to the fact that only installed devices that comply with 7-8.1.2 are to be used, and that portable do-it-yourself type of hold-open devices are both i l legal and dangerous. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 58 - (7-2.1.7 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: K. J. Humperstone, American Tank and Fabricating Co. ~-CiL~O~RFE-N~ATION: Add a new 7-2.1.7 as follows:

7-2.1.7 When acceptable to the authority having jur isdict ion, aboveground tanks, intended for fueling vehicles used in connection with their business, may be installed at commercial, industr ial, governmental or manufacturing establishments. Such tanks shall be safeguarded against col l is ion, spillage and f i re exposure, to the satisfaction of the authority having jur isdict ion, In addition, the tanks shall be listed for such aboveground use, and they shall comply with code requirements for emergency re l ie f venting and electrical classif icat ion. SUBSTANTIATION: Instal lat ion of aboveground tanks at private business locations should be permitted by the Code, especially i f all of the advantages typical ly associated with underground instal lat ions can be incorporated in the aboveground tank design. For example, i f the tank is protected against col l is ion, spillage, and exposure f i re , i t offers as safe an instal lat ion as does an underground tank, and does not have the disadvantage associated with underground leakage. Restriction to use at private locations where only business vehicles are refueled wi l l offer an opportunity to gather f ie ld experience, and thereby evaluate the safety performance of the instal lat ions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Establish a new 7-8.3.6 to read as follows: 7-8.3.6 The provisions of 7-2.1.1 shall not prohibit' the

dispensing of Class I and Class I I liquids in the open from a fuel dispensing system supplied by an aboveground tank, not to exceed 6no0 gal, located at cor~nercial, industr ial, governmental or manufacturing establishments, and intended for fueling vehicles used in connection with their business. Such dispensing shall be permitted provided:

(a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made and approval granted by the authority having jur isdict ion.

(b) The dispensing is done on premises not open to the public. (c) The tank is safeguarded against col l is ion, spillage, and

ove r f i l l , to the satisfaction of the authority having jur isdict ion. (d) The tank system is l isted or approved for such aboveground

use. (e) The tank complies with requirements for emergency re l ie f

venting, and the tank and dispensing system meet the electrical classif ication requirement "of the Code.

(f) The tank storage shall comply with Chapter 2. COMMITTEE COMMENT: The Committee agrees with the Submitter's substantiation, but feels that i ts approach to use of aboveground dispensing systems is more appropriate. This wording wi l l , in the Committee's opinion, provide adequate safeguards for such types of instal lat ions, in the event that the authority having jur isdict ion is wi l l ing to permit aboveground dispensing systems.

30- 59 - (8-3.3.1): Accept SUBMITTER: William S. Anderson, 3M Company ~ A T I O N : On line 3 of 8-3.3.1, add wording to the sentence that begins "This shall . . . . ", so that i t reads as follows:

"This shall be accomplished by natural or mechanical venti lat ion with discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building without recirculation except where mechanical recireulation is monitored continuously and the fa i l -safe system is designed to automatically sound an alarm stop recirculation, and provide fu l l exhaust to the outside in ~he event that vapor-air mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable l imit are detected.

186

SUBSTANTIATION: The present text requires "discharge or exhaust to a sate location outside of the building." No provision is made for recirculation of air even with the provision of monitoring for the presence of flammable vapors. This imposes a high energy cost in cold climates. This operating cost is not only unnecessary considering the present state of the technology of n~)nitoring for flammable vapors, i t is hazardous. The hazard arises when either supervision shuts down the ventilation to control costs or workers do the same to avoid unco~ortably low temperatures in the workplace. Such discipline problems have been detected by both private and public inspectors.

The revision would provide a higher probability that proper ventilation would be maintained, would enhance detection of the presence of flammable vapors, and would reduce costs through energy conservation. Detection of presence of flammable vapor or of system trouble would return the system to "discharge or exhaust to a safe location outside of the building." This is the same as

• present. Adoption of the three related proposals, 4-4.1.6(a), 5-3.5.1,

and 8-3.3.1, would maintain the uniform treatment now provided by the standard for inside storage rooms, industrial plants, and processing plants. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

30- 60 - (Table C-4-6.2(a), Page 127): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable ~ s t i b l e L4quids RECOMMENDATION: (1) Place an asterisk, or other editorial ly appropriate symbol, next to the entry adjacent to Class IB, IC, and I f . At the bottom of the Table, add the following reference: ("See Appendix D, introductory paragraphs)."

(2) Under the Table's t i t l e , insert a parenthetical entry with the words "Flammable Aerosols Not Included." In the Table, adjacent to the Class IA entries, delete the entire middle entry that deals with flammable aerosols. SUBSTANTIATION: None. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. ~ T : These are editorial clarifications of the Committee's intent.

NFPA 30A PART I l l

30A- 1 - (Chapter 7): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storag# of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: Remove Chapter 7, Service Stations, from NFPA 30. Establish a new NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station Code, under the jurisdiction of the same Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids SUBSTANTIATION: An attemp~c is" underway to render all of NFPA 30 into a horizontal code format. The chapter on service stations is vertical in nature, and does not lend i tsel f to horizontal treatment. In addition, there may be a need to develop a standard on service stations that deal with all types of automotive and marine fuels, including LPG and CNG.. Se'ttin 9 up a separate standard is an appropriate f i r s t step in thls direction. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

Automotive and Marine

Service Station Code

NFPA30A-1984

Cha~ter 1 General Provisions

I-1 Scope and Application.

1-1.1 This Code applies to automotive and marine service stations, and to service stations located inside buildings, where flammableor combustible liquids are dispensed into the fuel tanks of automotive vehicles.

1-1.2 This Code shall not apply to those service stations, or portions of service stations, where liquefied petroleum gases, liquefied natural gases, or conlpressed natural gases are dispensed as automotive fuels.

1-1.3 Reference shall also be made to NFPA 302, Fire Protection Standard for Motor Craft, for safety precautions while fueling at marine service stations; and to NFPA 303, Fire Protection Standard for Marinas and Boatyards, for additional requirements app|icable to marine service stations.

1-2 Definitions.

Approved. Acceptable to the "authority having jurisdiction."

NOTE: The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect or cert i fy any installations, procedures, equipment, or materials nor does i t approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installatJons or procedures,' equipment or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may require evidence of proper installation, procedure or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organization concerned with product evaluations which is in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items.

Authority Having Jurisdiction. The "authority having jurisdiction" is the organization, office or individual responsible for "approving" equipment, an installation or a procedure.

NOTE: The phrase "authority havin~ jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner slnce jurisdictions and "approval" agencies vary as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the "authority having jurisdiction" may be a federal, state, local or other regional department or individual such as a f i re chief, f i re marshal', chief of a f ire prevention bureau, labor department, health department, building of f ic ia l , electrical inspector, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance combany representative may be the "authority having jurisdiction." In many circumstances the property owner or his designated agent assumes the role of the ~'authority having jurisdiction"; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental off ic ial may be the "authority having jurisdiction."

Combustible Liquid. A liquid having a flash point at or above lO0°F (37.8°C).

Combustible Liquids shall be-subdivided as follows:

Class I I liquids shall include those having flash points at or above lO0°F (37.8°C) and below 140°F (60°C).

Class I l IA liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (g3.4°C).

187

NFPA 30A Class I I IB l iquids shall include those having f lash points at or

above 200°F (93.4°C).

Closed ontainer. A container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a l id or other device that neither l iquid nor vapor w i l l escape from i t at ordinary temperatures.

Flammable Liquid. A l iquid having a f lash point below lO0°F (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 pounds per square inch labsolute) at lO0°F (37.8°C) shall be known as a Class I l iquid.

Class I Liquids shall be subdivided as fol lows:

Class IA shall include those having flash pQints be!ow 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boi l ing point below lOOUF (37.8uc).

Class IB shall include those having flash points below 73°F 22.8°C) and having a boi l ing point at or above lO0°F 37.8°C).

Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F (22.8%) and below lO0°F (37.8%).

Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol or other ident i fy ing mark of an organization acceptable to the "author i ty having ju r isd ic t ion" and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

Listed. Equipment or materials included in a l is t published by an organization acceptable to the "authority having jurisdiction" and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets appropriate standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner.

NOTE: The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as listed unless i t is also labeled. The "authority having jurisdiction" should ut i l ize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

Portable Tank. Any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 US gal (227 L) and not intended for fixed installation.

Safety Can. An approved container, of not more than 5 gal capacity, having a spring-closing lid and spout cover and so designed that i t will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected to f ire exposure.

Service Stations.

Automotive Service Station. That portion of a property where liquids used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall include any faci l i t ies available for the sale and service of tires, batteries and accessories, and for minor automotive maintenance work. Major automotive repairs, painting, body and fender work are excluded.

Marine Service Station. That portion of a property where liquids used as fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, or floating docks into the fuel tanks of self-propelled craft, and shall include all fac i l i t ies used in connection therewith.

Service Station Located Inside Buildings. That portion of an automotive service station located within the perimeter of a building or building structure that also contains other occupancies. The service station may be enclosed or part ial ly enclosed by the building walls, floors, ceilings, or partitions, or may be open to the outside. The service station dispensing area shall mean that area of the service station required for dispensing of fuels to motor vehicles. Dispensing of fuel at manufacturing, assembly, and testing operations is not included within this definition.

Vapor Processing Equipment. Those components of a vapor processing system which are designed to process vapors or liquids captured during f i l l i ng operations at service stations, bulk plants, or terminals.

Vapor Processing System. A system designed to capture and process vapors displaced during f i l l i ng operations at service stations, bulk plants, or terminals by use of mechanical and/or chemical means. Examples are systems using blower-assist for capturing vapors, and refrigerations, absorption and combustion systems for processing vapors.

NFPA 30A Vapor Recovery System. A system designed to capture and retain,

without processing, vapors displaced during f i l l i ng operations at service stations, bulk plants, or terminals. Examples are balanced-pressure vapor displacement systems and vacuum assist systems without vapor processing.

Chapter 2 Storage

2-1 General Provisions.

2-1.1 Liquids shall be stored in:

(a) approved closed containers not exceeding 60 gal (227 L) capacity, or

(b) tanks in special enclosures inside buildings as described in 2-2, or

(c) aboveground tanks supplying marine service stations as provided in 2-1.6, or

(d) an approved tank that is part o~ a fuel dispensing system as provided for in 8-3.6, or

(e) tanks located underground as in NFPA 30, Section 2-3, or

(f) tanks or containers inside service station buildings as provided for in 2-3.3 and 2-3.4.

2-1.2 Vent pipes on tanks storing gasoline shall be in accordance with NFPA 30, Sections 2-3.5.1, 2-3.5.2 and 2-3.5.6, as applicable, and shall discharge only upward in order to disperse vapors. (Also see 8-3.4, 8-3.5, and 8-3.6 of this Code.)

2-1.3 Aboveground tanks, located at a bulk plant, shall not be connected by piping to service station underground tanks. Apparatus dispensing Class I liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in which bulk operations are conducted.

2-1.4 Class I liquids shall not be stored or handled within a building having a basement or pi t into which flammable vapors can travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation which wil l prevent the accumqlation of flammable vapors therein'.

2-1o5 Accurate daily inventory records shall be maintained and reconciled on all Class I liquid and diesel fuel storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from tanks or piping. The records shall be kept at the premises or made available for inspection by the enforcing authority within 24 hours of a written or verbal request. The records shall include, as a minimum, records showing, by product, daily reconciliation between sales, use, receipts, and inventory on hand. I f there is more than one system consisting of a tank(s) serving separate pump(s) or dispenser(s) for any product, the reconciliation shall be maintained separately for each tank system. API Publication 1621, Recommended Practice for Bulk Liquid Stock Control at Retail Outlets, provides information on this subject.*

2-1.6 Tanks supplying marine service stations and pumps not integral with the dispensing unit shall be on shore, or on a pier of the sol id- f i l l type, except as provided in (a) and (b).

(a) Where shore location would require excessively long supply lines to dispensers, the authority having jurisdiction may authorize the installation of tanks on a pier provided that applicable portions of NFPA 30, Chapter 2, relative to spacinq, diking and piping are complied with and the quantity so storea does not exceed 1,100 gal (4163.5 L) aggregate capacity.

(b) Shore tanks supplying marine service stations may be located aboveground where rock ledges or high water tables make underground tanks impractical.

2-1.7 Where tanks are at an elevation which produces a gravity head on the dispensing unit, the tank outlet shall be equipped with a device, such as a solenoid valve, positioned adjacent to and downstream from the valve specified in NFPA 30, Section 2-2.7.1, so installed and adjusted that liquid cannot flow by gravity from the tank in case of piping or hose failure when the. dispenser is not in use.

2-2 Special Enclosures.

2-2.1 When installation of tanks in accordance with NFPA 30, Section 2-3 is impractical because of property or building limitations, tanks for liquids may be installed in buildings i f enclosed as described in 2-2.2 and upon specific approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

*Available from American Petroleum Institute, 2101 L St. N.W., Washington, DC 20037.

188

NFPA 30A 2-2.2 Enclosure shall be substantially liquid, and vaportight without backfi l l . Sides, top and bottom of the enclosure shall be of reinforced concrete at least 6 in. 152.4 mm) thick, with openings for inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped or closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means shall be provided to use portable equipment to discharge to the outside any liquid or vapors which might accumulate should leakage occur.

2-2.3 At automotive service stations provided in connection with tenant or customer parking faci l i t ies in large buildings of commercial, mercantile or residential occupancy, tanks containing Class I liquids installed in accordance with 2-2.2 shall not exceed 6,000 gal (22 710 L) individual or 18,000 gal (68 130 L) aggregate capacity.

2-3 Inside Buildings.

2-3.1 Except where stored in tanks as provided in 2-2, no Class I liquids shall be stored within any service station building except in closed containers of aggregate capa{ ~ty not exceeding 120 gal (454.2 L). One container not exceeding 60 gal (227.1 L) capacity equipped with a listed pump is permitted.

2-3.2 *lass I liquids may be transferred from one container to another in lubrication or service rooms of a service station building provided the electrical installation complies with Table 6 and provided that any heating equipment complies with Chapter 7. See also 8-6 for other possible sources of ignition.

2-3.3 Class I I and Class I l IA liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings from tanks of not more than 120 gal (454 L) for each class, with an aggregate capacity not exceeding 240 gal (908 L).

2-3.4 Class I IIB liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings in tanks or containers, subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

Chapter 3 Piping, Valves and Fittings

3-I The design, fabrication, assembly, test and inspection of the piping system shall be in accordance with NFPA 30, Chapter 3 except that, where dispensing is from a floating structure~ suitable lengths of oil-resistant f lexible hose may be employed between the shore piping and the piping on the floating structure as made necessary by change in water level or shore line.

3-2 Where excessive stray currents are encountered, piping handling Class I and Class I I liquids at marine service stations shall be electrically insulated from the shore piping.

3-3 Piping shall be located so as to be protected from physical damage.

3-4 A readily accessible valve to shut off the supply from shore shall be provided in each pipeline at or near the approach to the pier and at the shore end of each marine pipeline adjacent to the point where a flexible hose is attached.

3-5 After completion of the installation, including any paving, that section of the pressure piping system between the pump discharge and the connection for the dispensing fac i l i t y shall be tested for at least 30 minutes at the maximum operating pressure of the system.

Chapter 4 Fuel Dispensing System

• 4-I Location of Dispensing Devices and EmergencY Power Cutoff.

4-1.1 Dispensing devices at an automotive service station shall be so located that all parts of the vehicle being served will be on the premises of the service station. Openings beneath enclosures shall be sealed to prevent the flow of leaking fuel to lower building spaces.

Dispensing devices at marine service stations may be located on open piers, wharves, floating docks, or on shore, or on piers of the solid f i l l type, and shall be located apart from other structures so as to provide room for safe ingress and egress of craft to be fueled. Dispensing units shall be in all cases at least 20 f t (6.1 m) from any act ivi ty involving fixed sources of ignition. Dispensing devices located inside buildings shall comply with Chapter 5.

4-1.2 A clearly identified and easily accessible switch(es) or circuit breaker(s) shall be provided at a location remote from dispensing devices, including remote pumping systems, to shut off the power to all dispensing devices in the event of an emergency.

4-2 Fuel Dispensing Units.

4-2.1 Class I liquids shall be transferred from tanks by means of fixed pumps designed and equipped to allow control oE the flow and prevent leak age or accidental discharge.

NFPA 30A 4-2.2 Dispensing devices for Class I liquids shall be listed. Existing listed or labeled dispensing devices may:be modified provided that the modifications made are "Listed by Report" by an approved testlng laboratory or as otherwlse approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Modification proposals shall contain a description of the component parts' used~:in the modification and the recommended methods of installation on specific dispensers and i t shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction upon request.

4-2.3 A control shall be provided that will permit the pump to operate only when a dispensing nozzle is removed" from its bracket or normal position with respect to the dispensing unit, and the switch on this dispensing unit is manually actuated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have been returned, either to their brackets or to the normal nondispensing position.

4-2.4 Liquids shall not be dispensed by applying pressure to drums, barrels and similar containers. Listed pumps taking suction • through the top of the container or listed self-closing faucets shall be used.

4-2.5 The dispensing unit and its piping, except those attached to containers, shall be mounted on a concrete island or protected against collision damage by suitable means. I f located indoors, the dispenser shall also be mounted either on a concrete island or protected against collision damage by suitable means and shall be located in a position where i t cannot be struck by a vehicle that is out of control descending a ramp or other slope.

4-2.6 Hose lengths at service stations shall not exceed 18 f t (5.5 m) unless approved by the authority having jurisdiction. All hose shall be listed. When not in use, hose shall be so secured as to protect i t from damage.

4-3 Remote Pumping Systems.

4-3.1 This section shall apply to systems for dispensing Class I liquids where such liquids are transferred from storage to individual or multiple dispensing units by pumps located elsewhere than at the dispensing units.

4-3.2 Pumps shall be designed or equipped so that no part of the system will be subjected to pressures above its allowable working pressure.

4-3.3 Each pump shall have installed on the discharge side a listed leak detection device which wil l provide an Indication i f the piping and dispensers are not essentially l iquidtight. Each leak detecting device shall be checked and tested at least annually according to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure proper installation and operation.

4-3.4 Pumps installed above arade, outside of buildings shall be located not less than 10 f t (~.05 m) from lines o~ adjoining property which can be buil t upon, and not less than 5 f t (1.5 m) from any building opening. When an outside pump location is impractical, pumps may be installed inside buildings as p~ovided for dispensers in 4-1, or in pits as provided in 4-3.5. rumps shall be substantially anchored and protected agai'nst physical damage.

4-3.5 Pits for subsurface pumps or piping manifolds of submersible pumps shall withstand the external forces to which they can be subjected without damage to the pump, tank or piping. The pit shall be no larger than necessary for inspection a n a maintenance, and shall be provided with a f i t ted cover.

4-3.6 A listed r ig id ly anchored emergency shutoff I valve, incorporating a fusible link or other thermally actuated device,

"designed to close automatically in event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be properly installed in the supply line at the base of each individual Tsland-type dispenser or at the inlet of each overhead dispensing unit. An emergency shut-off valve incorporating a slip joint feature.shall not be used. The automatic closin~ feature of this valve shall be checked at the time of in i t ia l installation and at least once a year thereafter by manually tripping the hold-open linkage.

4-3.7 A vapor return pi~e inside the dispenser housing shall have a shear section or f lexible connector so that the l iquio emergency shut-off valve wil l function as described in 4-3.6'.

4-4 Vapor Recovery Systems.

4-4.1 Dispensing devices incorporating provisions for vapor recovery shall be listed.

4-4.2 Hose nozzle valves used on vapor recovery systems shall be listed.

4-4.3 Means shall be provided in the vapor return path from each dispensing outlet to prevent the discharge of vapors when the hose nozzle valve is in its normal nondispensing position.

4-5 Vapor Processing Systems.

189

NFPA 30A 4-5.1 Vapor processing system components consisting of hose nozzle valves, blowers or vacuum pumps, flame arresters or systems for prevention of flame propagation, controls, and vapor processing equipment shall be individually listed for use in a specified manner.

4-5.2 Dispensing devices used with a vapor processing system shall be listed. Existing listed or labeled dispensing devices may be modified for use with vapor processing systems provided they are "Listed by Report" as specified in 4-2.2.

4-5.3 Means shall be provided in the vapor return path from each dispensing outlet to prevent the discharge of vapors when the hose nozzle valve is in its normal nondispensing position.

4-5.4 Vapor processing systems employing blower-assist shall not be used unless the system is designed to prevent flame propagation through system piping, processing equipment and tanks.

4-5.5 I f a component is l ikely to contain a flammable vapor-air mixture under operating conditions, and can fa i l in a manner to ignite the mixture, i t shall be designed to withstand an internal explosion without failure to the outside.

4-5.6 Vapor processing equipment shall be located outside of buildings at least 10 f t (3.05 m) from adjacent property lines which can be bui l t upon, except as provided for in 4-5.7. Vapor processing equipment shall be located a minimum of 20 f t (6.1 m) from dispensing devices. Processing equipment shall be protected against physical damage by the provision of guard rails, curbs, or fencing.

4-5.7 Where the required distance to adjacent property lines which can be buil t upon as specified in 4-5.6 cannot be obtained, means shall be provided to protect vapor processing equipment against f ire exposure. Such means may include protective enclosures which extend at least 18 in. (457.2 mm) above the equipment, constructed of f i re resistant or noncombustible materials, installation in below-grade spaces, or protection with an approved water spray system. I f protective enclosures or below-grade spaces are used, positive means shall be provided to ventilate the volume within the enclosure to prevent pocketing of flammable vapors. In no case shall vapor processing equipment so protected be located within 5 f t (1.5 m) of adjacent property lines which can be buil t upon.

4-5.8 Electrical equipment shall be in accordance with Table 6.

4-5.9 Vents on vapor processing systems shall be not less than 12 f t (3.6 m) above adjacent ground level, with outlets so directed and located that flammable vapors wil l not accumulate or travel to an unsafe location or enter buildings.

4-5.10 Combustion or open flame type devices shall not be installed in a classified area. See Table 6.

Chapter 5 Service Stations Located Inside Buildings

5-1 General.

5-1.1 A service station is permitted inside a building subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

5-1.2 The service station shall be separated from other portions of the building by wall, partition, floor, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a f i re resistance rating of not less than 2 hr.

5-1.3 Interior finish of service stations shall be constructed of noncombustible or approved limited-combustible materials.

5-1.4 Door and window openings in interior walls shall be provided with listed 1 1/2-hr (B) f i re doors. Doors shall be self-closing, or may remain open during normal operations i f they are designed to close automatically in a f i re emergency by provision of listed closure devices. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows.

5-1.5 Fire doors shall be kept unobstructed at all times. Appropriate signs and markings shall be used.

5-1.6 Openings in interior partitions and walls for ducts shall be protected by listed f i re dampers. Openings in floor or floor-ceiling assemblies for ducts shall be protected with enclosed shafts. Enclosure of shafts shall be with wall or partit ion assemblies having a f ire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. Openings in enclosed shafts, for ducts, shall be protected with listed f ire dan~oers.

5-2 Dispensing Area.

5-2.1 The dispensing area shall be located at street level, with no dispenser located more than 50 f t (15.24 m) from the vehicle exit to, or entrance from, the outside of the building.

NFPA 30A

5-2.2 Dispensing shall be limited to the area required to serve not more than four.vehicles at one time.

5-3 Ventilation.

5-3.1 Forced air heating, air conditioning, and ventilating systems serving the service station area shall not be interconnected with any such systems serving other parts of the building. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA gOA, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.

5-3.2 A mechanical exhaust system shall be provided to serve only the dispensing area. This system shall be interlocked with the dispensing system such that air flow is established before any dispensing unit can operate. Failure of air flow shall automatically shut down the dispensing system.

5-3.3 The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the dispensing area floor, and to prevent the flow of flammable vapors beyond the dispensing area. Exhaust inlet ducts shall not be less than 3 in. (76.2 mm) nor more than 12 in. (304.8 mm) above the floor. Exhaust ducts shall not be located in floors, or penetrate the floor of the dispensing area, and shall discharge to a safe location outside the building.

5-3.4 The exhaust system shall provide ventilation at a rate of n~t less than 1 c u f t (0.28 m ~) per minute per sq f t (0.0929 n~:). of dispensing area.

5-3.5 Exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 91, Standard for Blower and Exhaust Systems.

5-3.6 The provisions of 5-3.2, 5-3.3, 5-3.4 and 5-3.5 do not apply to a service station located inside a building i f 2 or more sides of the dispensing area are open to the building exterior such that natural ventilation can normally be expected to dissipate flamraable vapors.

5-4 Piping.

5-4.1 Piping systems shall combly with the provisions of NFPA 30, Chapter 3.

5-4.2 All fuel and flammable vapor piping inside buildings but outside the service station area shall be enclosed within a horizontal chase or a vertical shaft used only for this piping. Vertical shafts and horizontal chases shall be constructed of materials having a f i re resistance rating of not less than 2 hr.

5-5 Drainage Systems.

5-5.1 Floors shall be liquidtight. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and f i re protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers, or special drainage systems.

5-5.2 Emergency drainage systems, i f connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators.

Chapter 6 Electrical Equipment

6-1 'Chapter 6 shall apply to areas where Class I liquids are stored, handled or dispensed. For areas where Class I I or Class I l l liquids are stored, handled or dispensed, the electrical equipment may be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 70, NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE, for nonclassified loc~tions.

6-2 All electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type specified by and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70, NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE. All electrical equipment integral with the dispensing hose or nozzle shall be suitable for use in Division 1 locations.

6-3 Table 6 shall be used to delineate and classify areas for the purpose of installation of electrical equipment under normal circumstances. A classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof or other solid partit ion. The designation of classes and divisions is defined in Chapter 5, Article 500, of NFPA 70, NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE.

6-4 The area classifications listed in Table 6 shall be based on the premise that the installation meets the applicable requirements of this Code in all respects. Should this not be the case, the authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to determine the extent of the classified area.

190

,NFPA 30A

Table 6 Electrical Equipment Classified Areas -- Service Stations

NEC Class I , Location Group D Extent of Division Classified Area Remote Pump - Outdoor Location

Underground Tank

F i l l Opening

Vent - l)ischarging Upward I

Dispensing Units (except overhead type)

Pits

Dispenser

Outdoor

Indoor 2 with Mechanical Ventilation

with Gravity Ventilation 2

Dispensing Units, Overhead Type* 1

2 "

2

Any p i t , box Or space below grade |evel, any part of which is within the Division 1 or 2 classified area.

Up to 18 in. above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 f t from a loose f i l l connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 f t from a t ight f i l l connection.

Within 3 f t of open end of vent , extending ,in-all directions.

Area between 3 f t and 5 f t of open end of vent, extending in al l directions.

Any p i t , box or space below grade level, any part of which is within the Division I or 2 classif ied area.

The area within a dispenser enclosure up to 4 f t ver t ica l ly above the base except that area defined as Division 2. Any area within a nozzle boot.

Areas within a dispenser enclosure above the Division I "area. Areas within a dispenser

enclosure isolated from Division 1 by a solid part i t ion or a solid nozzle boot but not completely surrounded by Division i area. Within 18 in. horizontally in all directions from the Division 1 area located within the dispenser enclosure. Within 18 in. in al l directions from the opening of a nozzle boot not isolated by a vapor-tight part i t ion, except that the classified area need not be extended around a 900 or greater corner.

Up to 18 in. above grade level within 20 f t horizontally of any edge of enclosure.

Up to 18 in. above grade or f loor level within 20 f t horizontally of any edge of enclosure.

Up to 18 in. above grade or f loor level within 25 f t horizontally of any edge of enclosure.

Within the dispenser enclosure and 18 in. in al l directions from the enclosurewhere not suitabiy cut o f f by ceil ing or wa~ll. Al l electrical equipment integral with the dispensing hose or nozzle.

An area extending 2 f t horizontally in all directions beyond the Division 1 area and e~tending to grade below this classif ied area.

Up to 18 in. above grade level within 20 f t horizontally measured from a point ver t ica l ly below the edge of arJy dispenser enclosure.

*Ce] 1 ~ u n t e d hose reel

NEC Class I , Group D Division

Remote Pump - Indoor

Lubrication or Service Room I - with Dispensing

2

2

Dispenser for Class I 2 Liquids

Lubrication or Service Room 2 - without Dispensing

Special Enclosure lhside I Building Per 2-2

Sales, Storage and NonClassified Rest Rooms

Vapor Processing Systems 1 Pits

Vapor 2 Processing Equipment Located Within Protective Enclosures (see 4-5.7)

Vapor 2 Processing Equipment Not Within Protective Enclosures (excluding}

piping and combustion devices

Equipment Enclosures

NFPA 30A

Vacuum Assist Blowers

For SI Units:

Extent of Classified Area

Any pi t , box or space below grade level i f any part is within a horizontal distance of 10 f t from any edge of pump.

Within 3 f t of any edge of pump, extending i n a l l directions. Also up to 18 in. above grade level within 10 f t horizontally.from any edge of pump.

Entire area within any pi t .

Within 5 f t of any edge of pump, extending in all directions. Also up to 3 f t above floor, or grade level within 25 f t horizontally from any edge of pump.

Any pi t within any unventilated area.

Any pit with venti lat ion.

Area up to 18 in. above f loor or grade level and 3 f t hori-

zon ta l l y from a lubrication p i t .

Within 3 f t of any f i l l or dispensing point, extending in all directions.

Entire area within any pi t used for lubrication or similar services where Class I liquids may be released.

Area up to 18 in. above any such pi t , and extending a distance of 3 f t horizontally from any edge of the pi t .

Entire enclosure.

I f there i s any opening to these rooms within the extent of a Division I area, the entire room shall be classified as Division I .

Any pi t , box or space below grade leve l ,any part of which is within a Division-1 or 2 classif ied a~ea or which houses any equipment used to transport or process vapors.

Within any protective ehclosure housing vapor processing equipment.

The space within 18 in. in all directions .of equipment containing flammable vapor or ~iquid e ~ e ~ i ~ to grade

eve~. in. above grade level within 10 f t horizontal ly of the vapor processing equipment.

I Any area within the enclosure where vapor or liquid is present under n6rmal operating conditions.

2 The entire area within the enclosure other than Division I .

2 The space within 18 in. in all directions e~tending to grade level. Up to 18 in. above grade level within 10 f t horizontally.

I in. = 25.40 mm; I f t = 0.3048 m.

191

NFPA 30A Chapter 7 Heating Equipment

7-1 Heating equipment shall be installed as provided in 7-2 through 7-6.

7-2 Heating equipment may be installed in the conventional manner except as provided in 7-3, 7-4, 7-5, or 7-6.

7-3 Heating equipment may be installed in a special room separated from an area classified as Division 1 or Division 2 in Table 6 by walls having a f ire resistance rating of at least 1 hr and without any openings in the walls within 8 f t (2.4 m) of the floor into an area classified as Division 1 or Division 2 in Table 6. This room shall not be used for combustible storage, and all air for combustion purposes shall come from outside the building.

7-4 Heating equipment using gas or oil fuel may be installed in the lubrication or service room where there is no dispensing or transferring of Class I liquids, including the open draining of automotive gasoline tanks, provided the bottom of the combustion chamber is at least 18 in. (457.2 mm) above the floor and the heating equipment is protected from physical damage.

7-5 Heating equipment using gas or oil fuel listed for use in garages may be installed in the lubrication or service room where Class I liquids are dispensed or transferred, provided the equipment is installed at least 8 f t (2.4 m) above the floor.

7-6 Electrical heating equipment shall conform to Chapter 6.

Chapter 8 Operational Requirements

8-1 Fuel Delivery Nozzles.

8-1.1 A listed automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve, with or without latch-open device, shall be provided on island-type dispensers used for the dispensing of Class I liquids.

8-1.2 I f a hose nozzle valve is provided with a latch-open device other than recommended by the valve manufacturer, the latch-open device shall be an integral part of the valve assembly, and such valve latch-open device combination shall conform to the applicable requirements of Section 19 of UL 842-1980, Standard for Valves for Flammable Fluids.

8-1.2.1 At any installation where the flow of product normally is stopped other than by the hose nozzle valve, such as at pre-pay stations, the system must include listed equipment with a feature that causes or requires the closing of the hose nozzle valve before product flow can be resumed or before the hose nozzle valve can be replaced in its normal position in the dispenser; or the hose nozzle valve shall not be equipped with a hold-open device.

8-1.3 Overhead-type dispensing units shall be provided with a listed automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve without a latch-open device.

(a) A listed automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve with latch-open device may be used i f the design of the system is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in the event the valve is released from a f i l l opening or upon impact with a driveway.

8-1.4 Dispensing nozzles used at marine service stations shall be of the automatic-closing type without a latch-open device.

8-1.5 A hose nozzle valve used for dispensing Class I liquids into a container shall be manually held open during the dispensing operation.

8-2 Dispensing into Portable Containers. No delivery of any Class I or Class I I liquid shall be made into portable containers unless the container is constructed of metal or is approved by the authority having jurisdiction, has a tight closure and is f i t ted with spout or so designed that the contents can be poured without spil l ing. (See NFPA 30, Section 4-2.1, for further information.)

8-2.1 No sale or purchase of any Class I , Class I I or Class I l l liquids shall be made in containers unless such containers are clearly marked with the name of the product contained therein.

8-2.2 Portable containers shall not be f i l led while located inside the trunk or passenger compartment of a vehicle.

8-3 Attendance or Supervision of Dispensing.

8-3.1 Each service station open to the public shall have an attendant or supervisor on duty whenever the station is open for business.

8-3.2 Listed "self-service" dispensing devices are permitted at service stations available and open to the public provided that all dispensing of Class I liquids by a person other than the service station attendant is under the supervision and control of a qualified attendant.

NFPA 30A 8-3.3 Dispensing of liquids at private locations, where the dispensing equipment is not open to the public, does not require an attendant or supervisor. Such locations may include card or key controlled dispensers.

8-3.4 The provisions of 2-1.1 shall not prohibit the temporary use of movable tanks in conjunction with the dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible to the public. Such installations shall only be made with the approval of the enforcing authority. The approval shall include a definite time limit.

8-3.5 The provisions of 2-1.1 shall not prohibit the dispensing of Class I and Class I I liquids in the open from a tank vehicle to a motor vehicle. Such dispensing shall be permitted provided:

(a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made and approval granted by the authority having jurisdiction.

(b) The tank vehicle complies with the requirements covered in NFPA 385, Recommended Regulatory Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids.

(c) The dispensing is done on premises not open to the public.

(d) The dispensing hose does not exceed 50 f t (15.24 m) in length.

(e) The dispensing nozzle is a listed automatic-closing type without a latch-open device.

(f) Nighttime deliveries shall only be made in adequately lighted areas.

(g) The tank vehicle flasher lights shall be in operation while dispensing.

(h) Fuel expansion space shall be lef t in each fuel tank to prevent overflow in the event of temperature increase.

8-3.6 The provisions of 2-1.1 shall not prohibit the dispensing of Class I and Class I I liquids in the open from a fuel dispensing system supplied by an aboveground tank, not to exceed 6000 gal, located at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments, and intended for fueling vehicles used in connection with their business. Such dispensing shall be permitted provided:

(a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made and approval granted by the authority having jurisdiction.

(b) The dispensing is done on premises not open to the public.

(c) The tank is safeguarded against collision, spillage, and over f i l l , to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction.

(d) The tank system is listed or approved for such aboveground use.

(e) The tank complies with requirements for emergency rel ief venting, and the tank and dispensing system meet the electrical classification requirements of the Code.

(f) The tank storage shall comply with NFPA 30, Chapter 2.

8-4 Self-Service Stations.

8-4.1 Self-service station shall mean that portion of property where liquids used as motor fuels are stored and subsequently dispensed from fixed approved dispensing equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles by persons other than the service station attendant, and may include fac i l i t ies available for sale of other retail products. ,

8-4.2 Listed dispensing devices such as, but not limited to, coin-operated, card-operated and remote controlled types are permitted at self-service stations.

8-4.3 All self-service stations shall have at least one attendant on duty while the station is open to the public. The attendant's primary function shall be to supervise, observe and control the dispensing of Class I liquids while said liquids are actually being dispensed.

8-4.4 I t shall be the responsibility of the attendant to (I) prevent the dispensing of Class I liquids into portable containers not in compliance with 8-2; (2) Prevent the use of hose nozzle valve latch-open devices that do not comply with 8-1.2; (3) control sources of ignition; and (4) immediately handle accidental spills and f ire extinguishers i f needed. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be mentally and physically capable of performing the functions and assuming the responsibility prescribed in this section.

8-4.5 Emergency controls specified in 4-1.2 shall be installed at a location acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, but controls shall not be more than 100 f t (30.48 m) from dispensers.

192

NFPA 30A 8-4.6 Operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in the dispensing area.

8-4.7 The dispensing area shall at ~ll times be in clear view of the attendant, and the placing or allowing of any obstacle to come between the dispensing area and the ettendant control area shall be prohibited. The attendant shall at all times be able to communicate with persons in the dispensing area.

8-4.8 Warning signs shall be conspicuously posted in the dispensing area incorporating the following or equivalent wording: (a) WARNING -- I t is unlawful and dangerous to dispense gasoline into unapproved containers; (b) No Smoking; and (c) Stop Motor.

8-5 Drainage and Waste Disposal.

8-5.1 Provision shall be made in the area where Class I liquids are dispensed to prevent spilled liquids from flowing into the interior of service station buildings. Such provision may be made by grading driveways, raising door s i l ls , or other equally effective means.

8-5.2 Crankcase drainings and liquids shall not be dumped into sewers, streams or adjoining property, but shall be stored in tanks or drums outside any building until removed from the premises.

8-6 Sources of Ignition.

8-6.1 In addition to the previous restrictions of this chapter, the following shall apply: There shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling, servicing fuel systems for internal combustion engines, or receiving or dispensing of Class I liquids. Conspicuous and legible signs prohibiting smoking shall be posted within sight of the customer being served. The motors of all equipment being fueled shall be shut off during the fueling operation except for emergency generetors, pumps, etc., where continuing operation is essential.

8-7 Fire Control.

8-7.1 Each service station shall be provided with at least one listed f ire extinguisher having a minimum classification of 5B:C located so that an extinguisher will be within 100 f t (30.48 m) of each pump, dispenser, underground f i l l pipe opening, and lubrication or service'room.

PART IV

395- I - (Entire Standard): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids RECOMMENDATION: The Technical Committee on General Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids proposes reconfirmation of NFPA 395-1980. Standard for the Storage of Flammable and Combustible Liquids on Farms and Isolated Construction Projects. SUBSTANTIATION: No public proposals were received, and Committee review did not result in any recommendations for change. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

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Report - NFPA€¦ · Milton Freifeld, Chemical Mfrs. Assn. (Alternate to J. C. Zercher) Michael S....

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