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INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF SEMI-SKILLED LABOUR REQUIREMENT IN POST INDUSTRILASATION PHASE OF BHAGWANPUR BLOCK, ROORKEE - UTTARAKHAND.

SKILL AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE(SEDI)

Promoted by - Ambuja Cement Foundation

FINAL REPORTJUNE 2011

ANURAG PANDEYPGDM: 2010-2012

THAKUR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES & RESEARCHShyamnarayan Thakur Marg,Thakur Village, Kandivali(E)

Mumbai-400101.

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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report “Semi Skilled labour requirment” is a bonafide

work of Pandey Anurag in part completion of the Post Graduate Diploma in Management

(PGDM) has been done under my guidance.

The project is in nature of original work that has not so far been submitted for any degree of

this university.

References of work and relative sources of information have been given at the end of the

project.

Signature or the candidate

Anurag pandey

Forwarded through the research guide

Signature of the guide

Mr. Suhas Prabhu

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Ms Pearl Tiwari, Vice president (CSR) – Ambuja Cements Limited & Mr. R.P Sharma, Unit Head – Ambuja Cements Limited-Roorkee, who provided me the golden opportunity to work with such a prestigious organization.

Mr. Rajeev Singh Chaudhary, SEDI-In charge, Ambuja Cement Foundation-Roorkee, without whose support it would not have been possible to complete this research project. I was privileged to experience a sustained enthusiastic & involved interest from his side.Mr. Rajan Kapoor, Program manager – Ambuja Cement Foundation-Roorkee, who continuously monitored my progress and facilitated all resources that was much required in this project.Mr. Gauri Shankar Sharma for his continuous support and guidance, who despite his busy schedule guided me in the initial phase of the research.Last but not the least; I would like to thank the faculty & members of Thakur Institute of Management Studies & Research for extending a helping hand at every juncture of need.

ANURAG PANDEYPGDM: - 2010-12 TIMSR, Mumbai

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr No. Title Page No.

List of Abbreviations ...…. 6

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List of Tables ...…. 6

List of Exhibits ...…. 6

Executive summary . ..…. 7

1. Introduction & Background1.1 Background & Overview …. 7/81.2 Project objective ...…. 8

1.3 Research Methodology ......8/9

2. Limitations of Research ..….9

3. Industry requirements in Bhagwanpur3.1 Survey overview ...…103.2 Percentage distribution as per industry type …...113.3 Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement ..11/123.4 Survey overview-November 2010 …. 133.5 Percentage distribution as per industry type-November 2010 …. 133.6 Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement-November 2010 …. 14

4. Rural survey overview (November 2010) …. 15

5. Observations from the study ….16

6. Composition of population in bhagwanpur .… 16/17

7. Population distribution in bhaagwanpur region …. 17-19

8. SWOT analysis of labour in bhagwanpur region …. 19/20

9. Recommendations …. 21/22

10. Scope of trades in tourism …. 23/24

11. References ...…… 25

ABBREVATIONS

ACF Ambuja Cement Foundation

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ACL Ambuja Cement Limited

SEDI Skill & Entrepreneurship Development Institute

BIA Bhagwanpur Industrial Area.

GMVN Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam

LIST OF TABLESTable 1.1 Research methods/techniques

Table 3.1 Survey overview

Table 3.2 Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement

Table 3.3 Survey overview (November 2010)

Table 3.4 Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement (November 2010)

Table 4.1 Rural survey statistics (November 2010)

Table 6.1 Composition of youth & middle age population in bhagwanpur

Table 6.2 Composition of other age group population in bhagwanpur

Table 8.1 SWOT analysis of labour resources in bhagwanpur

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit 3.1 Percentage distribution of industries in BIA

Exhibit 3.2 Graphical representation of industry distribution in percentage

Exhibit 3.3 Percentage distribution of industries (November 2010)

Exhibit 3.4 Graphical presentation of industry distribution in percentage (Nov 2010)

Exhibit 4.1 Rural survey overview (Nov 2010)

Exhibit 7.1 Population distribution in bhagwanpur region

Exhibit 7.2 Gender wise population composition for age group of 18-40 years

Exhibit 7.3 Gender wise population distribution for other age groups.

Executive Summary

Ambuja Cement Foundation (ACF) incorporated in 1993 as the CSR wing of Ambuja Cements Limited (ACL) was formed with an aim to work for the welfare of rural communities in and around ACL’s manufacturing locations. The foundation works for the economic and social development in rural India. The foundation works with an objective of adding value to the lives of the people. Since its inception Ambuja

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Cement Foundation has evolved and spread its reach across India. At present the foundation is present in 20 locations across 10 states in the country, serving more than 700 villages of rural India. Ambuja Cement Foundation has always believed in collaborative team work and with this approach it has achieved exceptional milestones by collaborating with various NGO’s and state governments to carry out developmental initiatives. The foundation has been continuously undertaking initiatives on various issues such as water management, agriculture, livelihood generation, health, education, women empowerment, and AIDS. A recent initiative of Ambuja Cement foundation was incorporation of Skill & Entrepreneurship Development Institute (SEDI) which provides short term training in various trades to the people of rural communities.

1.0 Introduction & Background

1.1 Background & Overview

India is one of fastest growing economies in the world, with a GDP of 8.5% in the F.Y 2011. With an enormous growth potential and availability of resources, India is destined to join the league of economic superpowers. With the economy on a robust growth path, It is essential that the demand for inputs in terms of manpower, raw-materials, tax friendly policy, etc are met adequately. Though the economy has been in a growth phase, the contribution of industrial sector is very low. Earlier India had an image of an agrarian economy in international market, but this image has changed remarkably soon after the introduction of economic policy in 1991. This was the period when the Indian economy which had for long adopted a protectionist policy started opening up for private and international players. Such was the impact of the economic policy of 1991, that in a mere decade, the Indian economy shed the image from being an agrarian to a mixed economy. At present the major contribution to the Indian GDP is from service industry. While being the world’s second fastest growing economy, the contribution from industrial sector is very low in comparison to China, the world’s fastest growing economy. A major cause for this is the high input cost that has adversely affected performance of Indian industrial sector. Several factors have together contributed to the high input cost of industries, the primary of which is inflation. Indian economy has been facing a double digit recession for the past few years. Inflation arises due to many factors, but in case of Indian industrial scenario it is due to large gap between demand & supply. This gap extends right from raw materials to manpower. Hence it is evident that there is bound to be a high demand for manpower in the Indian industrial sector. Manpower can be bifurcated primarily into three different categories viz.. Skilled, Semi-skilled, and Unskilled. The demand for skilled manpower cannot be fulfilled in a short time period. As far as semi-skilled manpower is concerned the demand can be met by conversion of unskilled labour to semi-Skilled. This is comparatively a short process and can be achieved through various means. An initiative in this respect has been taken up by Ambuja Cement Foundation by Incorporation of Skill & Entrepreneurship Development Institute (SEDI). At SEDI several type of technical & non-technical courses are provided to the youth in rural areas, which gives them a platform for employment or promotion. Students in SEDI are imparted with theoretical as well as practical aspects of various concepts by the means of highly qualified & trained faculty at SEDI and industrial visits during the course period. The successful completion of course earns the student a certificate from Ambuja Cement Foundation mentioning his/her stream of training and grade is allotted to the student based on the performance of tasks during the training period. In context to this initiative, Ambuja Cement Foundation-Roorkee has been working rigorously, by conducting periodic industrial survey to assess the industrial manpower requirement in and across industrial areas of Roorkee &

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Haridwar. Based on this survey, the course structure is designed as per the contemporary industrial requirements and culture.

1.2 Project ObjectivesAmbuja Cement Foundation implemented the Labour Market Information Research on Requirement to achieve several objectives. The primary objective was to develop a comprehensive analytical report including a gap analysis and needs assessment of semi skilled labour requirements on a regional and commodity basis. ACFs scope is the primary Industrial sector and, as a result, estimates and statistics in this report refer to primary industries and do not include further processing, research, industry input, supply industries or service businesses. This report studies the nature and scope of the various human resource requirements within the industrial sector. This research is limited to industrial area of bhagwanpur block, in Roorkee & SIDCUL in Haridwar.

This project is the starting point in a series of initiatives to address the longer term outcomes of increasing recruitment and retention of the semi-skilled work force. This report provides information on semi skilled labour requirements on a regional and commodity basis, and provides an opportunity for industry for effective solutions to the labour shortage in industries.

1.3 Research MethodologyThis project involved the identification and review of publicly available statistics and documents of relevance to the project to identify existing research findings and information that could be used to help address the issues. The documents consists of industrial survey conducted within a period of one year, Ministry of labour publishing, Ministry of tourism publishing,. In addition to statistical data, an extensive primary survey has been conducted in the industrial areas of Bhagwanpur Block in Roorkee and State Infrastructure & Industrial corporation of Uttarakhand Ltd.(SIDCUL) in Haridwar . Approximately 100 questionnaires based face-to-face interviews with HR-Managers from different types of industrial units has been carried out in order to assess the semi-skilled labour requirement in these industrial areas. The Industries have further been sub-divided into four categories viz… Engineering units, Electronic units, Pharmaceutical units & Others.

a) Engineering units comprise of companies which are engaged in production of mechanical components and have installed manually operated & semi-automated machines in their establishment.

b) Pharmaceutical units comprise of companies which are directly or indirectly related to the pharmaceutical industries. These units comprise of all small and big establishments engaged in production of medicines in the industrial areas of Bhagwanpur Block.

c) Electronic units comprise of companies that are engaged in production of any products that involve identification and working on electronic components.

d) Others comprise of all the companies engaged in the production of products or components other than mentioned afore. Some of these are textiles, packaging, wood manufacturing, Home decors manufacturing, Milk & milk products, etc.

The large majority of those interviewed had six or more years experience with the agricultural sector. These interviews provided insight on issues of semi-skilled manpower requirement in newly developed industrial

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area and provided assistance in identifying available data and documentation that would not otherwise be obtained.

The following chart outlines the research approach for the project, including primary and secondaryData sources, to address the research issues and queries

Research Issues/Questions Data Sources /MethodsTable 1.1: Research methods/techniques

Research Issues/Questions Data source/Methods

Semi-Skilled labour shortages

Development of Semi-skilled labour demand model using :

Document & statistical review findings Survey of industrial units

Recruitment and retention challenges in the industrial units, deterrents to securing adequate labour pool

Survey of HR managers in the industrial unitsDocument & statistical review findings

Identification of elements that assist in securing adequate labour pool

Interaction with HR managersDocument review

2.0 Limitations of the Research

This research report does not contain any projections of future job requirement related to any skill or trade.

For any desired projections, an extensive survey needs to be conducted across industries in BIA & SIDCUL. A data on recruitment of semi-skilled labourer for past several years is essential to study the growth or fall trend in recruitments. It was not possible to collect such for this research data due to time constraint.

The survey conducted for this report was exclusively conducted across industries in BIA & only three companies were interviewed in SIDCUL due to time constraint.

The population distribution given in this report is based on survey of sample size of 500 families from localities in bhagwanpur.

3.0 Industry manpower requirement in Bhagwanpur

Developed in 2006 as an industrial area, Bhagwanpur industrial area(BIA) consists of more than 250 big & small industrial units pertaining to different industry type. Since most of the companies are engaged in production & manufacturing, there is huge demand for unskilled & semi-skilled labour. A major part of this requirement is fulfilled by migrant workers from states like Uttar Pradesh & Bihar. A primary survey

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in this respect was conducted which resulted in the outcome of a fact that most of the industries in bhagwanpur have fulfilled their labour requirements by hiring migrant workers directly or on contractual basis. This highlights the fact that BIA has a huge potential to employ semi-skilled & unskilled labourer. BIA is in the growth phase of its cycle and hence a large number of new industrial establishments can be expected to be developed in the years to follow.SEDI is currently focused on generating semi-skilled labour in BIA, to create employment for the local unemployed population by providing short period technical courses as per the industry requirements of industries in BIA. A primary survey was conducted in this regard to assess the present semi-skilled labour requirement and recurring requirements of the industries.

3.1 The following table reflects an overview of the survey conducted in BIA

Table 3.1 : Survey overview

Total no. of companies surveyed 63

Type of industries surveyedEngineering, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics,

Others

No. of engineering units surveyed 23

No. of pharmaceutical units surveyed 18

No. of electronics units surveyed 5

No. of other units surveyed 17

A questionnaire based survey was conducted in BIA to assess the current industry requirements. The questionnaire was intentionally designed in line with semi-skilled labour requirement to minimize deviation in research. Semi-skilled labour was broadly bifurcated into 12 categories keeping in view the requirement arising out in industrial sectors. The questionnaire also included space to add remarks and suggestions from interviewee.

3.2 Percentage Distribution of Industries

The following exhibit shows the percentage distribution of Industries surveyed in BIA. The distribution is on the basis of type of industries and highlights the percentage of each industry type out of the total industries surveyed. The survey comprised of a total of 63 industries of which Engineering and Pharmaceutical units accounted for 65% of the total industries. Hence it is evident that a major requirement of semi-skilled labourer was due to Engineering & Pharmaceutical units. The other two categories only accounted for 35% of the total industries surveyed.

Exhibit 3.1: Percentage distribution of industries in BIA

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Engineering Units37%

Pharmaceutical Units29%

Electronics Units8%

Other Units27%

INDUSTRY BREAK-UP(PERCENTAGE)

Engineering UnitsPharmaceutical UnitsElectronics UnitsOther Units

3.3 Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement

During the survey it was observed that a majority of industries in BIA belong to Engineering and Pharmaceutical sector. The Engineering establishments are equipped with high capacity machines that are either manually operated or semi automated. Hence there is a scope for operators for operation on machines. But a major requirement was for trades such as electricians, Welders & Fitters. It was observed that all the four industry type registered requirement for these trades. Other trades that displayed a reasonable demand were packaging & electronics.

The following table shows the trade specific requirements of the industries that was recorded during the survey. The total no. of companies are recorded against the specific trades as per their requirement. Further the percentage distribution is also included in the table

Table 3.2 : Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement

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TRADENO. OF INDUSTRIES REQURING

SPECIFIC TRADE (A) PERCENATGE OF A

Electricians 22 35%Welders 18 29%Fitters 14 22%Operators 9 14%Packaging 8 13%Electronics 7 11%Guards 6 10%Drivers 5 8%Computer Hardware 3 5%Tailoring 3 5%Carpenter 1 2%

The percentage is calculated out of a total of 63 companies.

A graphical representation of distribution of companies as per their requirement in specific trade is shown below :

Exhibit 3.2 : Graphical representation of industry distribution in percentage

Computer Hard

ware

Tailo

ring

Carpen

ter

Guards

Electr

cians

Weld

ersFitt

ers

Operators

Drivers

Packag

ing

Electr

onics0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

5% 5%

2%

10%

35%

29%

22%

14%

6%

13%11%

TRADE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT:- INDUSTRY DISTRIBUTION

3.4: Earlier survey conducted for assessment of manpower requirements in BIA, yielded manpower requirement majorly in four trades such as Electronics, Electricians, Fitters & Welding which comprised

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of 98% of companies demand for manpower requirement. Engineering, Pharmaceutical, & electronic Units constituted 70% of the total units surveyed.

A table showing overview of the survey conducted in November 2010.

Table 3.3 : Survey overview-November 2010

Total no. of companies surveyed 20

Type of Industries surveyed Engineering, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics, Others.

No. of Engineering units surveyed 9

No. of Pharmaceutical units surveyed 2

No. of electronic units surveyed 3

No. of other units surveyed 6

3.5 The following exhibit shows industry distribution of industries surveyed in November 2010 based on the type..

Exhibit 3.3: Percentage distribution of industries (November 2010)

Engineering Units45%

Pharmaceutical Units10%

Electronics Units15%

Other Units30%

INDUSTRY BREAK-UP(PERCENTAGE)

Engineering UnitsPharmaceutical UnitsElectronics UnitsOther Units

3.6 Distribution of companies on the basis of specific trade requirement.

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The following table and exhibit show trade specific requirements of industries which is based on the survey conducted in November 2010 & distribution of companies as per their requirement in specific trade.The survey comprised of 20 companies in the industrial area across bhagwanpur block.

Table 3.4 : Industry distribution as per specific trade requirement(November 2010)

TRADE NO. OF INDUSTRIES REQURING SPECIFIC TRADE

TRADE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT(PERCENTAGE)

Fitters 8 40%

Electricians 7 35%

Welders 4 20%

Electronics 2 10%

Operators 1 5%

A graphical representation of distribution of companies as per their requirement in specific trade is shown below:

Exhibit 3.4: Graphical representation of industry distribution in percentage(November 2010)

Electricians Electronics Fitters Operators Welders0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

35%

10%

40%

5%

20%

TRADE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS :- INDUSTRY DISTRIBUTION

4.0 Rural survey overview-November 2010

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A survey was conducted in rural area of bhagwanpur region to assess the interest of rural youth for different trades. The sample size selected for this survey was 100 individuals randomly picked up from four different villages in bhagwanpur region. The following table gives the bifurcation of the youths interviewed in these villages based on their interest in specific trades.

Table 4.1: Rural Survey Statistics-November 2010

Trade/SkillsNo. of individuals interested in taking up specific

trades

Computer Hardware 59

Driving 35

Electronics 26

Fitter 24

Mobile repairing 22

Welding 20

Electricians 16

Aluminium Fabricator 9

Carpenter 7

Others1 8

Exhibit 4.1: Rural survey overview-November 2010 Graphical representation

Computer Hardware

Driving Electronics Fitter Mobile Repairing

Welding Electricians Aluminium Fabricator

Carpenter Others 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

59

35

26 24 22 2016

9 7 8

Total No. of Individuals Interested in taking up specific trades

5.0 Observations

1 Others trade include Tailor, Masonry and plumbing

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While interacting with HR-Representatives of different industries several facts were discovered pertaining to semi-skilled labour which are as follows :

The HR-Representatives were of the view that BIA has a tremendous scope of accommodating semi skilled manpower.

BIA is in its growth phase of the cycle & hence there is a vast scope of creating future employment as many existing industries have future expansion plans & many new industries are continuously being setup.

There was a high enthusiasm from their side to cooperate with the initiative taken up by ACF, and displayed willingness to hire trained semi-skilled labourer to fulfill their requirements.

Majority of the interviewee displayed dissatisfaction from the work quality and productivity of the local labours due to lack of training & work experience.

The HR-Representatives were of the opinion that the locals lacked self motivation and hence had low productivity.

6.0 Composition of population in the localities of Bhagwanpur

A survey was conducted in villages of Bhagwanpur to collect disaggregated data for population between the age group of 18-40 years to assess the young and middle aged work force. According to the survey, which involved interviewing families in the localities of bhagwanpur, it was found that out of the total families interviewed, male individuals in the age group of 18-40 years consisted of 19% of the total population. The following table shows composition of youth and middle-age population across areas of bhagwanpur.

Table 6.1: Composition of youth & middle-age population in bhagwanpur

Total No. of families Interviewed 615

Total No. of Individuals 3420

Total No. of males in Age-group of 18-40 643

Percentage composition of males in the age-group of 18-40 in the total population

19%

Table 6.2: Composition of other age groups population in bhagwanpur

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Total No. of families interviewed 615

Total No. of Individuals 3420

Total No. of Individuals below age of 18 years.1775

Total No. of Individuals above the age of 45 years2 444

Percentage composition of individuals below 18 years of age

53%

Percentage composition of individuals above the age of 45 years

13%

It is evident from above tables that there is a prevalence of youth population in bhagwanpur region, while only 13% population composition is of the individuals above the age of 45 years.

7.0 Population Distribution in bhagwanpur region.

A primary survey was conducted in several villages across Bhagwanpur block to identify the population distribution of the region. The survey was conducted on 1000 individuals, and the population distribution was studied based on the survey conducted. The population distribution was studied on 2 parameters, i.e. Gender & Age. During the study, the provisional census report for the year 2011 was also used to calculate the distribution on the basis of age. The following exhibits; show the population distribution in Bhagwanpur region studied on the above mentioned parameters.

7.1 Age wise composition of population.

2 It has been assumed that the population above the age of 45yrs is non-working population

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Exhibit 7.1

0-18 yrs52%

19-45yrs35%

45 & above13%

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN BHAGWANPUR REGION

0-18 yrs19-45yrs45 & above

7.2 Gender wise composition of the population for age group of 18-40 years3.

Exhibit 7.2

Males; 643; 54%Females; 558;

46%

GENDERWISE POPULATION COMPOSITION FOR AGE GROUP 18-40 YEARS

MalesFemales

3 The population distribution is based on exact figures extracted during survey.

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7.3 Gender wise composition of population for other age groups4.

Exhibit 7.3

Males ; 920; 52%Females;

855; 48%

GENDERWISE COMPOSITION OF POPULATION FOR INDIVIDUALS BELOW 18 YEARS.

Males Females

Males; 229; 52%Females;

215; 48%

GENDERWISE COMPOSITION OF POPULATION FOR INDIVIDUALS ABOVE 45 YEARS

MalesFemales

Note: The above distribution is based on figures calculated as per sex ratio of the state of Uttarakhand as given in census 2011

8.0 SWOT Analysis of Labour Resources in Bhawanpur Region

The traditional economic sectors in bhagwanpur are Agriculture farms Pharmaceutical Industries Manufacturing/Engineering industry Electrical/Electronics Industry

An important point to take note of is that a major portion of the population in Bhagwanpur is below poverty line or has very low income level. A large portion of the population in bhagwanpur is unskilled labourer who work on wage or contractual basis, and do not have any other source of income. The labour workforce is a critical part of the initiative-SEDI, as it is the target population that is intended to be trained and converted into semi-skilled labourer.The existing analysis was carried out first by using all available information from various departments and agencies concerned. Data gaps were identified and these information gaps were bridged and supplemented (i) through extensive discussion with the concerned authorities (ii) by conducting a survey. The survey was carried out to supplement information and data available from industries. Based on the existing situational analysis and extensive participatory consultation with concerned authority the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been assessed. Table 2.5 presents the SWOT analysis done in the industries across industrial areas of bhagwanpur.

4 The above distribution is based on the sex ratio(963) of Uttarakhand, as per Govt. of India census 2011.

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Table 8.1: SWOT analysis of labour resources in bhagawanpur.

Strengths :

Prevalence of youth & middle-aged labour forces.

Represent a major portion of the population. Existence of big industries in the region,

which are active in conducting initiatives pertaining to social responsibility.

Setup of new institutes, providing industry specific training resulting into increased efficiency of labour and addition of new skill.

Weakness :

Lack of self motivation among labours. Lack of stability. Tendency of switching jobs for short term

benefits. Lack of focus and orientation. Lack of guidance. High attrition tendency of labours.

Opportunities :

Labour demand owing to development of new industrial area.

Scope of growth, due to existing gap between demand & supply of labours.

Future employment opportunities as a result of expansion of existing industries in Bhagwanpur and flocking of new industries to this industrial area.

Platform for gaining experience in job related to a specific trade, which would help in attaining promotion & increased payscale.

Industries’ willingness to employ local population as a full time employee.

Industries undergoing automation process will lead to creation of employment in new trades.

Secure future by working with industries as a full time employee.

Scope of development & growth through work experience.

Threats :

Migrant workers flocking in industrial areas of Haridwar.

Willingness of migrant workers to give extra work hours in the industries.

Existence of labour contractors in the region who lure the labour into switching jobs frequently by assuring them a small hike in pay.

Industries abandoning bhagwanpur, due to inability to survive owing to frequent labour problems.

Industries’ dissatisfaction due to low productivity of local workers leading to replacement by contractual of migrant workers.

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9.0 Recommendations

On the basis of study and analysis of industrial area of Bhagwanpur the following recommendations are proposed:

It was studied that there is a primary need for four trades at present and on a regular basis. The trades

that have the most frequent demand are Welders, Fitters, Electricians, and Electronics.

Recommendation: It is suggestible that more focus be given on these primary trades at present.

During the study is it was found that a majority of industries are undergoing upgrading process by

installation of new automatic machines.

Recommendation: a) In context to this it is suggested that a new training which will provide the

knowledge to operate these contemporary machines and basics of computer programme editing

which are fed to the machines electronics should be introduced. An example of such machines is

CNC machine (Computer numeric control machine) which works on programme fed into their

computer.

b) A course on basic maintenance of automatic machines can be introduced as it is expected that

there will be demand for this trade in future after the automation process is completed.

The automation of industries will lead to a surge in demand for operators in the industries.

Recommendation: it is suggested that the operators trade can also be included to primary trades in

demand at present.

Most of industries in BIA are manufacturing industries engaged in production of heavy equipments

and components.

Recommendation: There could be an job opportunity for Fork lift drivers. Fork lift machines are

used to transport heavy products from family to storehouse.

During survey, it was observed that security guards did not have the basic skills of communication

and social behavior.

Recommendation: It is recommended that a special lecture on social behaviour & communication

be given to security guards during the Guard training programme at SEDI.

The study provided the opportunity to interact with HR representatives of various industries in BIA.

During interaction sessions with these representatives, it was observed that a serious problem faced

by most of the firms was retention of employees in case of semi-skilled and unskilled labour. The

primary reason for this was lure of getting higher pay from other industry.

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Recommendation: For this it is recommended that, orientation sessions be conducted on importance

of work experience, job stability etc for candidates trained or pursuing training in SEDI. The labour

should be explained the consequences of frequent job switch. They should be introduced to the

concept of work culture in contemporary Indian industries, by giving an overview of working trend

& culture in corporate world. The workers should be made aware of code of conduct and work

ethics.

It was observed that apart from a few industries, a large no of industries did not provide safety

training to the employees which is extremely important, especially in manufacturing units.

Recommendation: a) It is therefore suggested that a training course on safety & environment

should be introduced and workers should be explained the importance of safe work practices while

performing a job or task..

b) It is further recommended that a periodic interactive sessions be conducted with semi-skilled

labourer to hear their grievances and queries and provide solution for the same. In this manner

labours can be motivated and have a positive work approach.

Almost every industry demanded a I.T.I certificate or minimum work experience of 5 years in the

related field for a semi-skilled labourer. When the HR representatives were given an overview of

training and programmes conducted at SEDI they showed enthusiasm in recruiting SEDI trained

candidates for their firm. It is evident that SEDI’s popularity is growing gradually.

Recommendation: a) Effort is required in this respect by carrying out a massive advertising

campaign for SEDI to create mass awareness about the institute. In villages advertisement through

pamphlets, posters, banners in public functions etc is suggestible.

b) In long term perspective, affiliation can be made with government institutions and organizations

& collaborative training programs can be conducted.

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10.0 Scope of trades pertaining to tourism in uttarakhand.

10.1 Overview of Indian Tourism Industry

Tourism has emerged as an instrument for employment generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable human development. During 2010-2011, direct employment in the tourism sector was estimated to be 21.54 million. Tourism also promotes national integration and international understanding and gives support to local handicrafts and cultural activities.

Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. Foreign tourist arrivals in India recorded an increase of 8.1% per cent to 5.58 million during the year 2010 as compared to the year 2009. Foreign exchange earnings during the year 2010 were Rs.64,889 crores as against Rs.54,960 crores in 2009.

Domestic tourism plays a vital role in achieving the national objectives of promoting social and cultural cohesion and national integration. Its contribution to generation of employment is very high. With the increase in income levels and emergence of a powerful middle class, the potential for domestic tourism has grown substantially during the last few years.

10.2 Tourism Industry in Uttarakhand.

Ministry of tourism of Uttarakhand is responsible for maintaining and generating revenue from tourism in the state. It is also the responsibility of tourism ministry of Uttarakhand to formulate plans for increasing revenue from tourism industry. The ministry has to decide the rules and regulations ot formulate plans for efficient working of the tourism industry. Tourism ministry of Uttarakhand has created two tourism corporations for Garhwal and Kumaon region named as Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited and Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited so as to offer quality service to the tourists. The Ministry of tourism of Uttarakhand runs its own fleet of transport and offers accommodation in ministry owned tourist rest houses.

The State of Uttarakhand offers immense opportunities for development of vast array of tourism related activities and services. A detailed tourism policy has also been formulated. Uttarakhand is the first state in the country to have created a Tourism Development Board by legislation as the highest body to function as a promoter, adviser, regulator and licensing authority for tourism in the state. As a step to promote tourist activity in the state, the state will allow 100 per cent exemption on entertainment tax for multiplex projects in the state for a period of three years, and for five years for all new amusement parks and ropeways. Uttarakhand Tourism was awarded the prestigious National Tourism Award in the category of "Best Practices by a State Government" by the Government of India in October 2003

Other significant steps to be considered under Tourism Policy are as follows:

Placing Uttarakhand on the tourism map of the world as one of the leading tourist destinations, and to make the name synonymous with tourism.

Developing the manifold tourism-related resources of the state in an eco-friendly manner, with the active participation of the private sector and the local host communities.

Developing tourism as a major source of employment and income/revenue generation and as a pivot of the economic and social development within the state.

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The government has an objective to place Uttarakhand on the world map as a leading destination for environmentally “sustainable and socially responsible tourism”. There was 222.21% rise in the budget allotted for tourism between the ninth and tenth Five-Year Plans. The state of Uttarakhand- with Dehradun as its administrative and legislative capital – is one of the five states in India to be declared as UNESCO’s World Heritage Biodiversity sites. The state occupies an area of 53,483 sq km and has a population of 10.12 million.The hill state of Uttarakhand has been selected by the Centre selecting the hill state as the first tourist destination of India which would be developed in the new Five-Year Plan. As per tourism ministry the centre would provide nearly Rs 200-250 crore for the development of each tourist destination.

Apparently the state Govt. of Uttarakhand as well as the central Government is heading for a huge investment in the Uttarakhand tourism industry. This would create employment opportunity in the state of Uttarkhand- both directly and indirectly related to tourism industry. Likewise industries directly or indirectly related to tourism such as infrastructure, hotels, public & private transport, will attract huge investments from the state as well as central Govt. for development. In context to these facts it is important that the rural population especially the youth in rural areas should get the benefit of the imminent opportunities in the tourism industry of Uttarakhand. In line with the future demand of manpower in the tourism industry, it is important that trained manpower is available to meet the specific demands from the tourism industry. In this prospect, it has been planned to introduce courses on tourism in SEDI. As a part of implementation of tourism courses in SEDI, An interview with officials from Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam Limited was conducted for a better understanding of future manpower demand of tourism industry. Following was the outcome of the interaction session with the officials from GMVN Ltd.

It was suggested by the officials that the investment in Uttarakhand tourism industry would increase the tourist footfall not only from foreign countries but also from within the country, hence there will be a huge demand for tourist guide. Hence a course on tourist guide needs to be implemented on a large scale so as to fulfill the demand.

The officials were of the view that Uttarakhand was bound for a influx of hotels and restaurants & hence there would be a great demand for manpower in following trades:-

i. Chefsii. Cleaners

iii. Cooksiv. Front office & receptionv. Hospitality

vi. Housekeepingvii. Waiters

The officials also suggested courses which would be useful for employment as well self-employment purpose such as travel coordinator, travel management, travel company operations, interior decorators, etc.

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11.0 References

Need assessment survey- November 2010, Ambuja Cement Foundation

National portal of Indiahttp://india.gov.in/

Ministry of labour, Government of Indiahttp://labour.nic.in/

India Brand Equity Foundationhttp://www.ibef.org/

Public Private Partnership in India, Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India http://www.pppinindia.com/

Government of Uttarakhand official websitehttp://uk.gov.in/

Ministry of tourism, Govt. of Indiahttp://www.tourism.gov.in/

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