Report card: Brazil...Report card Brazil 1 Contents Page Obesity prevalence 2 Trend: % Adults living...
Transcript of Report card: Brazil...Report card Brazil 1 Contents Page Obesity prevalence 2 Trend: % Adults living...
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Report cardBrazil
1
Contents Page
Obesity prevalence 2
Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1975-2014 4
Trend: % Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1975-2014 6
Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 2006-2019 8
Trend: % Adults living with overweight or obesity, 2006-2019 11
Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1960-2019 14
Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1960-2019 16
Overweight/obesity by education 18
Overweight/obesity by age 22
Overweight/obesity by region 24
Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group 28
Insufficient physical activity 30
Estimated per capita fruit intake 36
Estimated per-capita processed meat intake 37
Estimated per capita whole grains intake 38
Mental health - depression disorders 39
Mental health - anxiety disorders 40
Oesophageal cancer 41
Breast cancer 43
Colorectal cancer 44
Pancreatic cancer 46
Gallbladder cancer 48
Kidney cancer 50
Cancer of the uterus 52
Raised blood pressure 53
Raised cholesterol 56
Raised fasting blood glucose 59
Diabetes prevalence 61
Health systems 62
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Obesity prevalence
Adults, 2019
Adults Men Women0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 18+
Sample size: 52443
Area covered: Regional
References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of
frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26
Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e
co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil
Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
2
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Children, 2013-2014
Children Boys Girls0
5
10
15
20
25
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 12-17
Sample size: 73399
Area covered: National
References: Bloch KV, Klein CH,Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, Abreu GA, Barufaldi LA et al. ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and
obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50(suppl 1):9s.
Notes: Z Score Cut Off (1 to 2 Obesity
Cutoffs: WHO
3
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% Adults living with obesity, 1975-2014
Men
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Obesity
% o
besi
ty
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
4
-
Women
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
5
10
15
20
25
Obesity
% o
besi
ty
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
5
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% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1975-2014
Men
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
10
20
30
40
50
60
Overweight or obesity
% o
verw
eigh
t or o
besi
ty
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
6
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Women
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
10
20
30
40
50
60
Overweight or obesity
% o
verw
eigh
t or o
besi
ty
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
7
-
% Adults living with obesity, 2006-2019
Women
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180
5
10
15
20
Obesity
Survey type: Self-reported
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
8
-
Men and women
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180
5
10
15
20
Obesity
Survey type: Self-reported
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
9
-
Men
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180
5
10
15
20
Obesity
Survey type: Self-reported
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
10
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% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 2006-2019
Women
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180
10
20
30
40
50
Overweight or obesity
Survey type: Self-reported
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
11
-
Men and women
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180
10
20
30
40
50
Overweight or obesity
Survey type: Self-reported
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
12
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Men
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180
10
20
30
40
50
60
Overweight or obesity
Survey type: Self-reported
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
13
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% Adults living with obesity, 1960-2019
Men
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
10
20
30
40
50
Obesity, Bahamas Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Mexico Obesity, United States
% A
dults
livi
ng w
ith o
besi
ty
References: For full details of references visit
https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
14
-
Women
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
10
20
30
40
50
Obesity, Bahamas Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Colombia Obesity, GuatemalaObesity, Haiti Obesity, Mexico Obesity, Peru Obesity, United States
% A
dults
livi
ng w
ith o
besi
ty
References: For full details of references visit
https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
15
-
% Adults living with obesity, 1960-2019
Men
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Obesity, Australia Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Cuba Obesity, EnglandObesity, Finland Obesity, Japan Obesity, Scotland Obesity, Sweden Obesity, United States
% A
dults
livi
ng w
ith o
besi
ty
References: For full details of references visit
https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
16
-
Women
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Obesity, Australia Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Cuba Obesity, EnglandObesity, Finland Obesity, Japan Obesity, Scotland Obesity, Sweden Obesity, United States
% A
dults
livi
ng w
ith o
besi
ty
References: For full details of references visit
https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
17
-
Overweight/obesity by education
Men, 2019
0-8 9-11 12+0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 18+
Sample size: 52443
Area covered: Regional
References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of
frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26
Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e
co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil
Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District Education based on years of education
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
18
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Women, 2019
0-8 9-11 12+0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 18+
Sample size: 52443
Area covered: Regional
References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of
frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26
Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e
co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil
Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District Education based on years of education
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
19
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Boys, 2007
0-8 9-11 ≥ 120
5
10
15
20
25
30
Overweight or obesity
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 7-14
Sample size: 2826
Area covered: Subnational - Municipality of Florianópolis
References: Bernardo, Carla de Oliveira, & Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de. (2012). Association of parents' nutritional
status, and sociodemographic and dietary factors with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren 7 to 14 years old. Cadernos
de Saúde Pública,28(2), 291-304. Retrieved April 04, 2016, from
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2012000200008&lng=en&tlng=en.
Notes: Prevalence of obesity based on Father's schooling years. For the analyses, the schoolchildren were classified into two
groups: not overweight or obese (values equivalent to BMI < 25kg/m2 in adults) and overweight or obese (values
equivalent to BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 in adults)
Cutoffs: IOTF
20
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2012000200008&lng=en&tlng=en.
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Girls, 2007
0-8 9-11 ≥ 120
5
10
15
20
Overweight or obesity
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 7-14
Sample size: 2826
Area covered: Subnational - Municipality of Florianópolis
References: Bernardo, Carla de Oliveira, & Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de. (2012). Association of parents' nutritional
status, and sociodemographic and dietary factors with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren 7 to 14 years old. Cadernos
de Saúde Pública,28(2), 291-304. Retrieved April 04, 2016, from
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2012000200008&lng=en&tlng=en.
Notes: Prevalence of obesity based on Father's schooling years. For the analyses, the schoolchildren were classified into two
groups: not overweight or obese (values equivalent to BMI < 25kg/m2 in adults) and overweight or obese (values
equivalent to BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 in adults)
Cutoffs: IOTF
21
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2012000200008&lng=en&tlng=en.
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Overweight/obesity by age
Adults, 2019
Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men WomenAge 18-24 Age 25-34 Age 35-44 Age 45-54 Age 55-64 Age 65+
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Sample size: 52443
Area covered: Regional
References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of
frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26
Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e
co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil
Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
22
-
Children, 2013-2014
Boys Girls Boys GirlsAge 12-14 Age 15-17
0
5
10
15
20
25
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Sample size: 73399
Area covered: National
References: Bloch KV, Klein CH,Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, Abreu GA, Barufaldi LA et al. ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and
obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50(suppl 1):9s.
Definitions: WHO
Cutoffs: WHO
23
-
Overweight/obesity by region
Men, 2019
Aracaju
Belem
Belo H
orizonte
Boa V
ista
Cam
po Grande
Cuiaba
Curitiba
Distrito Federal
Florianopolis
Fortaleza
Goiania
Joao Pessoa
Macapa
Maceio
Manaus
Natal
Palmas
Porto Alegre
Porto Velho
Recife
Rio B
ranco
Rio de Janeiro
Salvador
Sao Luis
Sao Paulo
Teresina
Vitoria
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 18+
Sample size: 52443
Area covered: Regional
References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of
frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26
Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e
co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil
Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
24
-
Women, 2019
Aracaju
Belem
Belo H
orizonte
Boa V
ista
Cam
po Grande
Cuiaba
Curitiba
Distrito Federal
Florianopolis
Fortaleza
Goiania
Joao Pessoa
Macapa
Maceio
Manaus
Natal
Palmas
Porto Alegre
Porto Velho
Recife
Rio B
ranco
Rio de Janeiro
Salvador
Sao Luis
Sao Paulo
Teresina
Vitoria
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 18+
Sample size: 52443
Area covered: Regional
References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of
frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26
Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e
co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil
Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
25
-
Boys, 2004-2005
Center-West North North East South South East0
5
10
15
20
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 10-15
Sample size: 36976
Area covered: National
References: Pelegrini, Andreia, Luiz Petroski, Edio, da Silva Coqueiro, Raildo, & Araujo Gaya, Adroaldo César. (2008). Overweight and
obesity in brazilian schoolchildren aged 10 to 15 years: data from a Brazilian sports project. Archivos Latinoamericanos de
Nutrición, 58(4), 343-349. Recuperado en 04 de abril de 2016, de
http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222008000400004&lng=es&tlng=en.
Notes: International cut-off BMI values were used for the evaluation of nutritional status (Cole et al)
Cutoffs: IOTF
26
http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222008000400004&lng=es&tlng=en.
-
Girls, 2004-2005
Center-West North North East South South East0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 10-15
Sample size: 36976
Area covered: National
References: Pelegrini, Andreia, Luiz Petroski, Edio, da Silva Coqueiro, Raildo, & Araujo Gaya, Adroaldo César. (2008). Overweight and
obesity in brazilian schoolchildren aged 10 to 15 years: data from a Brazilian sports project. Archivos Latinoamericanos de
Nutrición, 58(4), 343-349. Recuperado en 04 de abril de 2016, de
http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222008000400004&lng=es&tlng=en.
Notes: International cut-off BMI values were used for the evaluation of nutritional status (Cole et al)
Cutoffs: IOTF
27
http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222008000400004&lng=es&tlng=en.
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Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group
Adults, 2008-2010
< Median ≥ Median0
10
20
30
40
50
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 20-59
Sample size: 527
Area covered: Regional - N. Eastern Brazil
References: Lima R P A, Pereira D C, Luna R C P, et al. BMI, Overweight Status and Obesity Adjusted by Various Factors in All Age
Groups in the Population of a City in Northeastern Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 4422-4438;
doi:10.3390/ijerph120404422
Notes: WHO BMI classification of 1995 used for Adults. Median family income, R$1000.00, or $492.02.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
28
-
Children, 2010
Low Medium High0
5
10
15
20
25
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 6-10
Sample size: 939
Area covered: Municipality of Cruzeiro do Oeste, Southern Brazil.
References: Azambuja, Ana Paula de O., Netto-Oliveira, Edna Regina, Oliveira, Amauri Aparecido B. de, Azambuja, Maximiliano dos
Anjos, & Rinaldi, Wilson. (2013). Prevalence of overweight/obesity and economical status of schoolchildren. Revista Paulista
de Pediatria, 31(2), 166-171. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000200006
Notes: The socioeconomic status was defined through a questionnaire of economic classification by the Brazilian Association of
Research Companies – AssociaâÃâ£o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa, ABEP. This classification is based on items such
as ownership of goods (television, radio, car, vacuum cleaner, VCR and/or DVD player, fridge, freezer and washing machine),
services (housemaid), household characteristics (number of bathrooms) and educational level of the head of the household.
The total score for each item results in the classification of respondents into seven strata identified as "social classes" A1,
A2, B1, B2, C, D, and E(17). For analysis purposes, the eight economic levels, proposed by ABEP, were regrouped and
named as follows: A1, A2, and B1 in High Economic Level (H); B2, C1 and C2 in Medium Economic Level (M) and, D and E in
Low Economic Level (L).
Cutoffs: Other
29
https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000200006
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Insufficient physical activity
Adults, 2016
Dominica
UruguayChile
EcuadorCanada
GrenadaMexico
Venezuela
St Kitts & Nevis
JamaicaCuba
Guatemala
Paraguay
Trinidad & Tobago
Dominican Republic
St LuciaUnited States
Argentina
Barbados
Bahamas
Colombia
Suriname
Costa Rica
Brazil
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-
109X(18)30357-7
30
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X
-
Men, 2016
Dominica
UruguayGrenada
St Kitts & Nevis
ChileEcuador
MexicoCanada
St LuciaTrinidad & Tobago
JamaicaBarbados
Venezuela
Bahamas
CubaUnited States
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Argentina
Costa Rica
Paraguay
Suriname
Colombia
Brazil
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-
109X(18)30357-7
31
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X
-
Women, 2016
UruguayChile
EcuadorDominica
CanadaMexico
Venezuela
GrenadaJamaica
Paraguay
Guatemala
St Kitts & Nevis
CubaDominican Republic
Argentina
United States
Trinidad & Tobago
Colombia
Suriname
St LuciaBrazil
Costa Rica
Barbados
Bahamas
0
10
20
30
40
50
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-
109X(18)30357-7
32
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X
-
Children, 2016
United States
Canada
Antigua & B
arbuda
Belize
Suriname
Barbados
Costa R
ica
Trinidad & Tobago
Uruguay
St Kitts & Nevis
Mexico
Paraguay
Brazil
Honduras
Colom
bia
Guyana
Dom
inica
Grenada
St Lucia
Baham
as
Peru
Argentina
Bolivia
St Vincent & G
ren.
El Salvador
Ecuador
Guatem
ala
Chile
Venezuela
0
20
40
60
80
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 11-17
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less
than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
33
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en
-
Boys, 2016
United States
Canada
Antigua & B
arbuda
Uruguay
Costa R
ica
Belize
Barbados
Brazil
Suriname
St Kitts & Nevis
Mexico
Trinidad & Tobago
Paraguay
Argentina
Honduras
Baham
as
Colom
bia
Guyana
Grenada
Dom
inica
Bolivia
Peru
El Salvador
St Lucia
Ecuador
St Vincent & G
ren.
Chile
Guatem
ala
Venezuela
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 11-17
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less
than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
34
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en
-
Girls, 2016
United States
Canada
Belize
Antigua & B
arbuda
Suriname
Trinidad & Tobago
St Lucia
Dom
inica
St Kitts & Nevis
Guyana
Peru
Barbados
Grenada
Colom
bia
Honduras
Mexico
Baham
as
Costa R
ica
Paraguay
St Vincent & G
ren.
Bolivia
Brazil
Guatem
ala
Uruguay
El Salvador
Argentina
Ecuador
Chile
Venezuela
0
20
40
60
80
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 11-17
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less
than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
35
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en
-
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adults, 2017
Nicaragua
Guyana
Guatem
ala
Haiti
Honduras
Chile
El Salvador
Bolivia
Paraguay
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Uruguay
Suriname
United States
Belize
Panama
Mexico
Barbados
Peru
Jamaica
St Vincent & G
ren.
Dom
inica
St Lucia
Argentina
Grenada
Canada
Brazil
Colom
bia
Costa R
ica
Antigua & B
arbuda
Cuba
Ecuador
Dom
inican Republic
Baham
as
0
50
100
150
200
250
g/da
y
Survey type: Measured
Age: 25+
References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions: Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)
36
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
-
Estimated per-capita processed meat intake
Adults, 2017
Haiti
Bolivia
Peru
Honduras
Nicaragua
Guyana
Belize
Jamaica
Guatem
ala
Cuba
El Salvador
Paraguay
St Vincent & G
ren.
Dom
inica
St Lucia
Grenada
Colom
bia
Dom
inican Republic
Suriname
Venezuela
Barbados
Costa R
ica
Antigua & B
arbuda
Baham
as
Panama
Brazil
Trinidad & Tobago
Argentina
Ecuador
Uruguay
Mexico
Chile
Canada
United States
0
5
10
15
20
g/da
y
Survey type: Measured
Age: 25+
References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions: Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)
37
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
-
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adults, 2017
Uruguay
Baham
as
Trinidad & Tobago
Argentina
Chile
Jamaica
Belize
Barbados
Dom
inica
St Vincent & G
ren.
St Lucia
Costa R
ica
Grenada
Haiti
Antigua & B
arbuda
Ecuador
United States
Bolivia
Canada
Cuba
Guyana
Dom
inican Republic
Colom
bia
Guatem
ala
Suriname
Peru
El Salvador
Paraguay
Honduras
Brazil
Nicaragua
Venezuela
Panama
Mexico
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
g/da
y
Survey type: Measured
Age: 25+
References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions: Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)
38
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
-
Mental health - depression disorders
Adults, 2015
Guatem
ala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Venezuela
Haiti
Belize
Bolivia
El Salvador
Panama
Guyana
Ecuador
Argentina
Canada
Colom
bia
Costa R
ica
Dom
inican Republic
Grenada
Jamaica
Peru
Suriname
St Lucia
St Vincent & G
ren.
Chile
Uruguay
Antigua & B
arbuda
Baham
as
Paraguay
Trinidad & Tobago
Barbados
Cuba
Brazil
United States
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and
Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-
NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions: % of population with depression disorders
39
http://ghdx.healthdata.org
-
Mental health - anxiety disorders
Adults, 2015
Mexico
Guatem
ala
Honduras
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Panama
Costa R
ica
El Salvador
Canada
Bolivia
Haiti
Ecuador
Belize
Dom
inican Republic
Grenada
Guyana
Jamaica
Peru
Colom
bia
St Vincent & G
ren.
Suriname
St Lucia
Antigua & B
arbuda
Barbados
Cuba
Trinidad & Tobago
Baham
as
Argentina
United States
Uruguay
Chile
Paraguay
Brazil
0
2
4
6
8
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and
Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-
NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions: % of population with anxiety disorders
40
http://ghdx.healthdata.org
-
Oesophageal cancer
Men, 2018
Nicaragua
Guyana
Suriname
Mexico
Belize
Honduras
Guatem
ala
El Salvador
Peru
Ecuador
Barbados
Costa R
ica
Trinidad & Tobago
Bolivia
Panama
Haiti
Colom
bia
St Lucia
Dom
inican Republic
Chile
Venezuela
Jamaica
Baham
as
Argentina
Canada
United States
Uruguay
Paraguay
Brazil
Cuba
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
41
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Women, 2018
Belize
St Lucia
Suriname
Nicaragua
Trinidad & Tobago
Baham
as
Barbados
Mexico
Panama
Guyana
Ecuador
Venezuela
Bolivia
Costa R
ica
El Salvador
Guatem
ala
Colom
bia
Peru
Honduras
Jamaica
Dom
inican Republic
United States
Cuba
Paraguay
Canada
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Uruguay
Haiti
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
42
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Breast cancer
Women, 2018
Haiti
Guatem
ala
Bolivia
Honduras
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Belize
Mexico
El Salvador
Peru
Chile
Panama
Colom
bia
Cuba
Guyana
Costa R
ica
Paraguay
St Lucia
Venezuela
Suriname
Jamaica
Dom
inican Republic
Brazil
Baham
as
Uruguay
Trinidad & Tobago
Barbados
Argentina
Canada
United States
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, breast, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
43
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Colorectal cancer
Men, 2018
Guyana
Guatem
ala
Bolivia
El Salvador
Honduras
Belize
Haiti
Nicaragua
Ecuador
Mexico
St Lucia
Dom
inican Republic
Peru
Venezuela
Paraguay
Cuba
Colom
bia
Costa R
ica
Panama
Suriname
Brazil
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago
Chile
Baham
as
United States
Argentina
Canada
Uruguay
Barbados
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
44
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Women, 2018
Guyana
Bolivia
Guatem
ala
Honduras
El Salvador
Mexico
Belize
Ecuador
Haiti
Nicaragua
Peru
Paraguay
Venezuela
Suriname
Dom
inican Republic
Panama
Colom
bia
Costa R
ica
St Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Chile
Brazil
Cuba
Baham
as
Argentina
United States
Canada
Uruguay
Jamaica
Barbados
0
10
20
30
40
50
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
45
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Pancreatic cancer
Men, 2018
Belize
Guatem
ala
Baham
as
Bolivia
Ecuador
Jamaica
El Salvador
Guyana
Mexico
St Lucia
Nicaragua
Panama
Suriname
Colom
bia
Costa R
ica
Haiti
Cuba
Venezuela
Dom
inican Republic
Peru
Brazil
Paraguay
Honduras
Chile
Trinidad & Tobago
Canada
Barbados
Argentina
United States
Uruguay
0
5
10
15
20
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
46
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Women, 2018
Baham
as
St Lucia
Guatem
ala
Guyana
Bolivia
Panama
Haiti
El Salvador
Jamaica
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Mexico
Costa R
ica
Dom
inican Republic
Colom
bia
Cuba
Honduras
Belize
Venezuela
Brazil
Trinidad & Tobago
Peru
Paraguay
Suriname
Chile
Barbados
Canada
Argentina
United States
Uruguay
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
47
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Gallbladder cancer
Men, 2018
Belize
Guyana
Haiti
Dom
inican Republic
Jamaica
Panama
Guatem
ala
Suriname
Honduras
St Lucia
Venezuela
Paraguay
Barbados
Cuba
Trinidad & Tobago
Costa R
ica
El Salvador
Mexico
Brazil
Nicaragua
United States
Colom
bia
Canada
Argentina
Baham
as
Ecuador
Peru
Uruguay
Chile
Bolivia
0
5
10
15
20
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
48
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Women, 2018
Guyana
Suriname
St Lucia
Haiti
Trinidad & Tobago
Belize
Dom
inican Republic
Guatem
ala
Venezuela
Barbados
Panama
Baham
as
Cuba
United States
Brazil
Jamaica
Costa R
ica
Paraguay
Canada
Argentina
Uruguay
Mexico
Nicaragua
Ecuador
Colom
bia
Honduras
El Salvador
Peru
Chile
Bolivia
0
5
10
15
20
25
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
49
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Kidney cancer
Men, 2018
St Lucia
Dom
inican Republic
Haiti
Guatem
ala
Belize
Guyana
Jamaica
Honduras
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Suriname
Baham
as
Bolivia
Trinidad & Tobago
Colom
bia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Mexico
Panama
Costa R
ica
Cuba
Brazil
Venezuela
Peru
Barbados
Chile
Argentina
Canada
United States
Uruguay
0
5
10
15
20
25
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000
50
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Women, 2018
Belize
Suriname
Haiti
Dom
inican Republic
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Guatem
ala
El Salvador
Guyana
Honduras
Paraguay
St Lucia
Baham
as
Trinidad & Tobago
Colom
bia
Ecuador
Costa R
ica
Barbados
Bolivia
Mexico
Panama
Brazil
Cuba
Peru
Venezuela
Chile
Argentina
Canada
United States
Uruguay
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000
51
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Cancer of the uterus
Women, 2018
Canada
United States
Baham
as
Mexico
Costa R
ica
Brazil
Chile
Uruguay
Colom
bia
St Lucia
Cuba
Trinidad & Tobago
Barbados
Argentina
Dom
inican Republic
Haiti
Ecuador
El Salvador
Panama
Honduras
Guatem
ala
Nicaragua
Peru
Venezuela
Suriname
Belize
Jamaica
Paraguay
Guyana
Bolivia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, cervix uteri, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
52
http://gco.iarc.fr/
-
Raised blood pressure
Adults, 2015
United States
Canada
Peru
Bolivia
Ecuador
Venezuela
Costa R
ica
El Salvador
Cuba
Colom
bia
Mexico
Panama
Uruguay
Nicaragua
Baham
as
Chile
Guatem
ala
Honduras
Dom
inican Republic
Jamaica
Suriname
Dom
inica
Argentina
Belize
Guyana
Brazil
St Vincent & G
ren.
Antigua & B
arbuda
Grenada
Barbados
Haiti
Paraguay
St Kitts & Nevis
Trinidad & Tobago
St Lucia
0
5
10
15
20
25
% ra
ised
blo
od p
ress
ure
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
53
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
-
Men, 2015
United States
Canada
Peru
Bolivia
Ecuador
El Salvador
Cuba
Costa R
ica
Colom
bia
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Guatem
ala
Mexico
Panama
Honduras
Dom
inican Republic
Belize
Guyana
Jamaica
Suriname
Uruguay
Baham
as
Haiti
Chile
Dom
inica
St Vincent & G
ren.
Antigua & B
arbuda
Brazil
Grenada
Barbados
Argentina
Trinidad & Tobago
Paraguay
St Kitts & Nevis
St Lucia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% ra
ised
blo
od p
ress
ure
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
54
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
-
Women, 2015
United States
Canada
Peru
Venezuela
Ecuador
Bolivia
Costa R
ica
Chile
Baham
as
Uruguay
Colom
bia
Cuba
El Salvador
Mexico
Panama
Argentina
Dom
inican Republic
Jamaica
Dom
inica
Brazil
Nicaragua
Suriname
Honduras
Antigua & B
arbuda
Guatem
ala
St Vincent & G
ren.
Belize
Paraguay
Guyana
Grenada
Barbados
St Kitts & Nevis
Haiti
Trinidad & Tobago
St Lucia
0
5
10
15
20
25
% ra
ised
blo
od p
ress
ure
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
55
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
-
Raised cholesterol
Adults, 2008
Haiti
Guyana
Guatem
ala
Nicaragua
Honduras
Jamaica
Cuba
Dom
inican Republic
Belize
Grenada
El Salvador
Suriname
Bolivia
St Vincent & G
ren.
St Lucia
Dom
inica
Paraguay
Venezuela
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Ecuador
Costa R
ica
St Kitts & Nevis
Uruguay
Colom
bia
Barbados
Panama
Antigua & B
arbuda
Brazil
Chile
Argentina
Mexico
Baham
as
Canada
United States
0
10
20
30
40
50
% ra
ised
cho
lest
erol
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
56
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
-
Men, 2008
Haiti
Guyana
St Vincent & G
ren.
Guatem
ala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Jamaica
Cuba
Dom
inican Republic
Grenada
Belize
El Salvador
Dom
inica
Suriname
Venezuela
Bolivia
St Lucia
Paraguay
Trinidad & Tobago
Costa R
ica
Peru
Ecuador
St Kitts & Nevis
Barbados
Panama
Antigua & B
arbuda
Colom
bia
Uruguay
Brazil
Mexico
Chile
Baham
as
Argentina
United States
Canada
0
10
20
30
40
50
% ra
ised
cho
lest
erol
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
57
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
-
Women, 2008
Haiti
Guyana
Guatem
ala
Nicaragua
Honduras
Jamaica
Cuba
Dom
inican Republic
Belize
Grenada
Bolivia
El Salvador
Suriname
St Vincent & G
ren.
Peru
Paraguay
St Lucia
Uruguay
Trinidad & Tobago
Ecuador
Venezuela
Colom
bia
Dom
inica
Brazil
St Kitts & Nevis
Costa R
ica
Barbados
Panama
Antigua & B
arbuda
Chile
Argentina
Canada
Mexico
Baham
as
United States
0
10
20
30
40
50
% ra
ised
cho
lest
erol
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
58
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
-
Raised fasting blood glucose
Men, 2014
Canada
United States
Peru
Paraguay
Ecuador
Brazil
Colom
bia
Haiti
Bolivia
Costa R
ica
Venezuela
Argentina
Cuba
Panama
Uruguay
Honduras
Guatem
ala
El Salvador
Chile
Nicaragua
Dom
inican Republic
Mexico
St Vincent & G
ren.
Guyana
Antigua & B
arbuda
Trinidad & Tobago
Grenada
Suriname
Dom
inica
Baham
as
Barbados
Jamaica
St Lucia
Belize
St Kitts & Nevis
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
% ra
ised
fast
ing
bloo
d gl
ucos
e
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
59
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
-
Women, 2014
Canada
Bolivia
Peru
Cuba
Ecuador
Brazil
Paraguay
United States
Colom
bia
Dom
inica
Honduras
Dom
inican Republic
Haiti
Costa R
ica
Grenada
Guatem
ala
Panama
Guyana
Uruguay
Nicaragua
El Salvador
Jamaica
St Vincent & G
ren.
Antigua & B
arbuda
Argentina
Venezuela
Belize
Chile
Trinidad & Tobago
Barbados
Mexico
Suriname
Baham
as
St Kitts & Nevis
St Lucia
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
% ra
ised
fast
ing
bloo
d gl
ucos
e
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
60
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
-
Diabetes prevalence
Adults, 2017
Argentina
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela
Haiti
Bolivia
Uruguay
Honduras
Canada
Colom
bia
Brazil
Dom
inican Republic
Cuba
Paraguay
Panama
Chile
Costa R
ica
El Salvador
Guatem
ala
Grenada
United States
Trinidad & Tobago
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Dom
inica
Guyana
St Lucia
St Vincent & G
ren.
Suriname
St Kitts & Nevis
Mexico
Antigua & B
arbuda
Baham
as
Barbados
Belize
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
% d
iabe
tes
prev
alen
ce
References: Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels,
Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions: Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).
61
http://www.diabetesatlas.org
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Health systems
Economic classification: Upper Middle Income
Health systems summary
Brazil has a universal, publicly funded healthcare system that is known as the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). SUS is funded by taxes and contributions from government (at a federal, state and municipal level). The private sector, however, currently serves approximately 25% of the population, as many individuals have the option to purchase insurance plans via their employer or choose to purchase individually (with many receiving tax relief on these payments).
It is widely reported that there is great disparity in treatment availability and quality between public and private healthcare, and so it seems that those that can afford private healthcare purchase it. As a result, out of pocket expenditure in Brazil is relatively high.
Indicators
Where is the country’s government in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a disease’? Some progress
Where is the country’s healthcare provider in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a
disease’?
Some progress
Is there specialist training available dedicated to the training of health professionals to
prevent, diagnose, treat and manage obesity?
No
Have any taxes or subsidies been put in place to protect/assist/inform the population around
obesity?
No
Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity
in urban areas?
Some progress
Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity
in rural areas?
No
Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for adults? Yes
Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for children? Yes
In practice, how is obesity treatment largely funded? Insurance
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Perceived barriers to treatment
Lack of political will, interest and action
Influence of food industry
Lack of training for HCPs and and lack of
trained HCPs
Poor health literacy and behaviour
Poor availability of pharmaceutical
treatments
Obesity not recognised as a
disease
Summary of stakeholder feedback
It appears that although obesity is considered a public health priority in Brazil, there is little government action. Obesity is commonly seen as a lifestyle issue and treatment options are limited.
In the public system it appears that only bariatric surgery is covered, meaning that comprehensive treatment and management is only available in the private sector. Private care, however, is unaffordable for most of the Brazilian population, so only the wealthiest can afford obesity-related treatments. Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade are currently working towards the approval of obesity medications through the SUS healthcare scheme, which will hopefully make them more affordable. One stakeholder reported that obesity medication is difficult to get privately too, with private insurers rarely funding it.
While a national strategy on NCDs exists, stakeholders were unclear whether there is an accompanying implementation guide. There are also clinical guidelines for obesity treatment, but rate of uptake is reportedly low. In the public system is appears that patients need to have a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² with comorbidities (or ≥ 40 kg/m² without) to qualify for bariatric treatment but even then, there is a long waiting list. Treatment is said to be particularly difficult to access in the rural areas.
Overall, there are inadequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity, with there being little to no specialist training available. It was noted that although there are increasing numbers of physicians, they do not have specific obesity training and so qualify ill-equipped to treat and manage obesity.
Based on interviews/survey returns from 5 stakeholders
Last updated: June 2020
PDF created on May 19, 2021
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