Who in the world is Philip Sheridan?

Phyllis Pederson, Kristi Bingham, and Michelle StigerSheridan ElementaryBloomington District 87

Summer 2006

Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan : U.S. Army LC-USZC2-2806 (color film copy slide) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

Our experience focuses on learning information about Philip Sheridan, the Civil War hero that our school is named after. This activity will coincide with the sesquicentennial of District 87. This will be an all-school activity, but K-2 will have one lesson plan and activity and 3-5 will have another.

Overview/ Materials/LOC Resources/Standards/ Procedures/Evaluation/Rubric/Handouts/Extension

Overview Back to Navigation BarObjectives Students will:

learn about the life of Philip Sheridan use primary sources from the Library of Congress to

better understand this famous Civil War officer hypothesize as to why our school was named after

Philip Sheridan.Recommended time frame 1 dayGrade level K-2 and 3-5Curriculum fit Social Studies. Language Arts, School HistoryMaterials Computer and screen for Power Point presentation

Civil War read alouds (will work with Media Specialist to generate a list)

Civil War costume Volunteer to play Philip Sheridan Character Web Handout Sheridan Plaque Handout Talking points handout Pencils Coloring Supplies (optional)

Illinois State Learning Standards Back to Navigation Bar

K-2 Standards : Language Arts:Goal 3: Write to communicate for a variety of purposes. 3.B.1a Use prewriting strategies to generate and

organize ideas (e.g., focus on one topic; organize writing to include a beginning, middle and end; use descriptive words when writing about people, places, things, events).

Goal 5: Use the language arts to acquire, assess and communicate information. 5.B.1a Select and organize information from

various sources for a specific purpose.

Social Science:Goal 16: Understand events, trends, individuals and movements shaping the history of Illinois, the United States and other nations. 16.B.1a (US) Identify key individuals and events in

the development of the local community (e.g., Founders days, names of parks, streets, public buildings).

3-5 Standards:Language Arts: Goal 3: Write to communicate for a variety of purposes. 3.C.2a Write for a variety of purposes and for

specified audiences in a variety of forms.Goal 5: Use the language arts to acquire, assess and communicate information. 5.C.2a Create a variety of print and nonprint

documents to communicate acquired information for specific audiences and purposes.

Social Science:Goal 16: Understand events, trends, individuals and movements shaping the history of Illinois, the United States and other nations. 16.A.2c Ask questions and seek answers by

collecting and analyzing data from historic documents, images and other literary and non-literary sources.

Procedures Back to Navigation Bar

Note: A crucial part of this lesson is to contact a person

who is willing to portray Philip Sheridan and to provide that person with necessary background information about Sheridan.

It will also be beneficial to obtain a Civil War era costume for the person portraying Philip Sheridan to wear.

Teachers will need to have read a book about the Civil War to provide background knowledge of this time period. (It will be helpful to work with the media specialist.)

Procedure for K-2: Teachers will sign up for a 40 minute time period

when “Philip Sheridan” will come into the classroom.

Presenter will discuss the information on the Power Point regarding Philip Sheridan.

Presenter will allow time for discussion/questions. Emphasis should be placed on discussing why the school was named for Philip Sheridan.

Students will be asked to work individually and create a graphic organizer listing four (4) important facts about Philip Sheridan.

Students who are not able to write sentences can illustrate four (4) important things about Philip Sheridan.

Procedure for 3-5: Teachers will sign up for a 40 minute time period

when “Philip Sheridan” will come into the classroom.

Presenter will discuss the information on the Power Point regarding Philip Sheridan.

Presenter will allow time for discussion/questions. Emphasis should be placed on discussing why the school was named for Philip Sheridan.

Evaluation Back to Navigation BarAll students will be provided with the same learning experience using the PowerPoint presented by the guest speaker, but their written tasks will be different. K-2 will be evaluated on the information learned by

completing a character web graphic organizer using the K-2 rubric.

3-5 will be evaluated on their design for a commemorative plaque using the 3-5 rubric

Extension Back to Navigation Bar 3-5 students could write song lyrics to “Major

General Sheridan’s Grand Victory March.” 3-5 students could write an obituary for Sheridan. K-2 students could do a journal entry titled, “If I met

Philip Sheridan, I would say…”

Primary Resources from the Library of CongressBack to Navigation Bar

Image/Resource Description Citation URLMaj. General. Philip H. Sheridan: U.S. Army

Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Reproduction number: LC-USZC2-2806DIGITAL ID:  (color film copy slide) cph 3b50680 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b50680

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3b50680))+@field(COLLID+pga))

Our Country's pride

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA Reproduction number: LC-USZ62-39949

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a40289))+@field(COLLID+cph))

Sheridan and his generals

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 LC-USZ62-115202

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3c15202))+@field(COLLID+cph))

Sheridan’s Ride Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 LC-USZC4-1964

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3b48402))+@field(COLLID+pga))

United States Map

United States of America-www.theodora.com- June 21,2006

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theodora.com/maps/new5/usa_color.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.theodora.com/maps/united_states_map.html&h=374&w=570&sz=9&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=EG7QmJilh8bclM:&tbnh=85&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dus%2Bmap%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG

The Academic Bldg., cadets returning from mess, West Point, N.Y.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C Reproduction Number LC-D4-500700

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/detr:@field(NUMBER+@band(det+4a25586))

President Lincoln at Gen. Grant's headquarters

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C Reproduction Number - LC USZ62-107179

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3c07179))+@field(COLLID+pga))

Abraham Lincoln to Phillip H. Sheridan, Saturday, October 22, 1864

Abraham Lincoln to Phillip H. Sheridan, Saturday, October 22, 1864. The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of CongressSeries 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916. http://memory.loc.gov/mss/mal/mal1/374/3748000/001.jpgJune 21, 2006

http://memory.loc.gov/mss/mal/mal1/374/3748000/001.jpg

Philip Sheridan statue I

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C Reproduction Number LC-H813-S07-050 DLC

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/horyd:@field(NUMBER+@band(thc+5a36025))

Historic American Sheet Music, 1850-1920

Historic American Sheet Music, "I'm goin' to fight my way right back to Carolina", Music B-633, Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/dukesm:@field(DOCID+@lit(ncdhasm.n1444))

Artist's rendering of the fire

Artist's rendering of the fire, by John R Chapin, originally printed in Harper's Weekly –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire June 21,2006

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire

Mt. Sheridan from Heart Lake Geyser Basin photo

Mt. Sheridan from Heart Lake Geyser Basin- www.geocities.com- June 21,2006

http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/1407/geyser_ode.html

Sheridan’s US Treasury Note

US Treasury Note-1890-http://www.frbsf.org/currency/metal/treasury/644.html- June22,2006

http://www.frbsf.org/currency/metal/treasury/644.html

M551 Sheridan Tank

M551 Sheridan Tank-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M551_Sheridan- June22,2006

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M551_Sheridan

Fort Sheridan water tower and barracks complex

Fort Sheridan water tower and barracks complex-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Sheridan%2C_Illinois- June 22,2006

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Sheridan%2C_Illinois

Sheridan School-Bloomington, IL

Sheridan School-Bloomington, IL- http://www.district87.org/sheridan/- June 22,2006

http://www.district87.org/sheridan/

Sound Recording When Johny [sic] comes marching home [sound recording]

Library of Congress. Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division. Washington, D.C CALL NUMBER Berliner 177 YY

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/berl:@field(NUMBER+@band(berl+13177YY))

RubricBack to Navigation Bar

Sheridan Plaque RubricStudent Name____________________________________ Class____________

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Graphics -Clarity Graphics are all in focus and the content easily viewed and identified from 5 ft. away.

Most graphics are in focus and the content easily viewed and identified from 4 ft. away.

Most graphics are in focus and the content is easily viewed and identified from 3 ft. away.

Many graphics are not clear or are too small.

Graphics - Originality Several of the graphics used on the plaque reflect an exceptional degree of student creativity in their creation and/or display.

One or two of the graphics used on the plaque reflect student creativity in their creation and/or display.

The graphics are made by the student, but are based on the designs or ideas of others.

No graphics made by the student are included.

Graphics - Relevance All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand.

All graphics are related to the topic and most make it easier to understand.

All graphics relate to the topic.

Graphics do not relate to the topic.

Content - Accuracy At least 3 accurate facts are displayed on the plaque.

2 accurate facts are displayed on the plaque.

1 accurate fact is displayed on the plaque.

No accurate facts are displayed on the poster.

Attractiveness The plaque is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness.

The plaque is attractive in terms of design, layout and neatness.

The plaque is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy.

The plaque is distractingly messy or very poorly designed. It is not attractive.

Use of Class Time Used time well during each class period. Focused on getting the project done. Never distracted others.

Used time well during each class period. Usually focused on getting the project done and never distracted others.

Used some of the time well during each class period. There was some focus on getting the project done but occasionally distracted others.

Did not use class time to focus on the project OR often distracted others.

Mechanics Capitalization, spelling, punctuation and grammar are correct throughout the project.

There is 1 error in mechanics.

There are 2 errors in mechanics.

There are more than 2 errors in mechanics.

Rubric for Character Web (K-2 project):

Character Web Assessment

Student Name_________________________________ Class________

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1Traits Choice of four traits

explicitly describe the character.

Choice of four traits describes the character and/or 1 trait missing altogether.

Choice of four traits that vaguely describe the character and/or 2 traits missing altogether.

Choice of four traits that do not describe the character and/or 3 traits missing altogether.

Evidence Explicitly supports the four traits chosen with evidence from the presentation.

Supports four traits chosen with some evidence from the presentation.

Barely supports four chosen with some evidence from the presentation.

Lacks support for the four traits. Support does not come from the presentation.

Neatness Web is well organized and logically conveys ideas from the presentation.

Web is somewhat organized but pertains to the presentation.

Web lacks organization but pertains to the presentation.

Web is not organized and contains no information from the presentation.

Skills Exhibits mastery of listening comprehension. Can pick out all traits and support them.

Exhibits understanding of the presentation. Picks out most traits and can support them.

Lacks understanding of the presentation. Picks out general traits with no supporting evidence.

Shows no sign of comprehension. Lists no traits or supporting evidence.

Use of Class Time

Used time well during each class period. Focused on getting the project done. Never distracted others.

Used time well during each class period. Usually focused on getting the project done and never distracted others.

Used some of the time well during each class period. There was some focus on getting the project done but occasionally distracted others.

Did not use class time to focus on the project OR often distracted others.

HandoutsBack to Navigation Bar

Sheridan Plaque

Name____________________________________ Class__________

Music Response Worksheet Name______________Title of Song:

Composer:

Copyright Date:

Does the music make you feel happy, sad, excited, or angry? How can you tell?

Why do you think the composer created this song?

What do you think the message of this song is?

Why do you think the composer chose the title?

Talking Points for Philip Sheridan discussion

Slides 1 -8 are for class discussion purposes.Please facilitate class discussion but do not provide the students with information. Let the students share what they know.

Slide 9 Philip Sheridan’s parents were very poor and immigrated from

Ireland. Sheridan was born March 6, 1831. Birthplace is uncertain. He could have

been born in New York, Ohio, at sea, or in County Cavan, Ireland. (Have older students guess as to what 2 places are shown on the map.)

Slide 10 In March, of 1948, Sheridan obtained an appointment to the West Point

Military Academy. It took Sheridan 5 years to graduate as he was suspended for one year for

disciplinary reasons. Math was a difficult area for Sheridan at West Point.

Slide 11 After graduation, Sheridan was sent to Texas and then to Oregon and the

Pacific Northwest.

Slide 12: Students will look at the power point slide and discuss what they think Sheridan’s next responsibility was. Please note that Sheridan is circled in each photo. Please only use the next four talking points after the students have determined that he was an officer in the Civil War.

In 1861, the Civil War began and Sheridan wanted very much to be a part of the action. His wish came true and once he got into the “war action” he made steady rise in the Army ranks.

On May 25, 1862, he was appointed as colonel of the 2nd Michigan Calvary. In September of 1862, when he was 31 years old, he was appointed to

Brigadier General.

Slide 13: Have students follow the directions at the bottom of the slide.Then discuss next talking points.

In March of 1864, Ulysses S. Grant appointed Sheridan to command the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac.

In May of 1864, Sheridan was promoted to Commander of the Army of Shenandoah.

Slide 14: Have students read the letter and determine the author and purpose of the letter. Be sure to confirm relationship with Lincoln.

Sheridan was instrumental in many battles, including the victory at 5 Forks, which sealed the fate of Richmond, the Confederacy’s capitol. He drove his men hard to cut off Lee’s retreat at Appomattox and effectively ended the existence of the Confederacy.

Slide 15: Listen to the Victory March. Ask the following questions: Does the music make you feel happy? Sad? Excited? Angry? Why do you think the composer created this song? What do you think the message of this song is? Why do you think the composer chose the title?

Slide 16: Use power point slide for discussion.

In 1862, the officers of the Second Michigan Cavalry presented a horse to General Sheridan in Rienzi, Mississippi. Sheridan named the horse Rienzi. Rienzi was ridden by Sheridan in nearly every engagement in which he participated during the remainder of the Civil War, including the occasion of his ride from Winchester to Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864. Sheridan’s beloved horse had carried him from Winchester, Virginia, to the battlefield near Cedar Creek, where the general roused his soldiers to repel a Confederate attack. The horse was renamed in honor of the victory Rienzi was immortalized in popular songs and artwork and in a poem by Thomas Buchanan Read entitled "Sheridan's Ride." "Winchester" died in 1878. His body was mounted and presented by General Sheridan to the museum of the Military Service Institution of the United States, Governors Island, New York. At a later date that organization transferred "Winchester" to the Smithsonian Institution. "Winchester" is on display in the Hall of Armed Forces History, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C. In May of 1863, Sheridan was promoted to Major General.

Even though Sheridan was considered short, (he was only 5’5” tall), he proved to be a good leader. Men who served under him felt “we were safe and every man knew it.”

In 1864, the Civil War ended

Slide 17: Be sure to point out that photo is of Mount Sheridan in Yellowstone National Park.

In 1867 or 1869, he became Lt. General in Command of the Military Division of Missouri. His headquarters were in Chicago. Sheridan was instrumental in having Yellowstone become the country’s first National park which occurred on March 1, 1872.

In 1870-71, Sheridan visited Europe during the Franco-Prussian war and was present at several important battles of the campaign.

Slide 18: In 1871, Sheridan was charged with maintaining order after the great

Chicago fire. He brought troops into the city to stop looters and directed fire fighting and reconstruction of the city.

Slide 19: (Is photo of Irene Sheridan and important quote.) On June 3, 1875, Sheridan married Irene Rucker, the daughter of an army

officer. His wife outlived him by 50 years but never remarried after Sheridan died. She said, “I would rather be the widow of Phil Sheridan than the wife of any man living.

Philip and Irene had four children: Mary, twin girls, Irene and Louise, and Philip Henry, Jr. None of the girls married. Philip, Jr. married and had a son, Philip, II.

In 1883, Sheridan became Commanding General of the US Army. In 1888, Sheridan became the 4th man in United States history to become a

Four Star General. During this year, he suffered a series of heart attacks.

Slide 20: In August of 1888, Sheridan died in Nonquitt, Massachusetts. He was

buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Slide 21: Things named after Philip Sheridan

M551 Sheridan Tank is a post “WWII era” lightweight tank and is an example of space age 1960’s technology. 1,562 were built. The tanks saw limited use in the Vietnam War.

Ft. Sheridan, Illinois, was a U.S. Army Post named after Civil War

General Sheridan to honor his many services to Chicago. It became a mobilization, training, and administrative center. It was closed in 1993.

The $10.00 treasury notes were issued and given for government purchases of silver bullion from the silver mining industry. Sheridan’s portrait is on the front. The back of the treasury note was redesigned because it was too easy to counterfeit. The note was larger in size than today’s paper money. This design of the treasury note was no longer used after 1901.

Notes about how Sheridan School was named:

In 1869, a one story brick building with basement classrooms was built on the site of Sheridan School. It was referred to as “Building #6”.

In 1895, “Building #7” was named Abraham Lincoln School.

Shortly thereafter, other schools in the district began petitioning for new names.

Sheridan School was named after the renowned General of the Civil War, Philip Sheridan, who had died in 1888.