Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Senior Thesis ... Powerpoint.pdf · Renovation to Father...
Transcript of Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Senior Thesis ... Powerpoint.pdf · Renovation to Father...
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Penn State University
Kevin Andreone
Mechanical Option
Advisor: Dr. Laura Miller
Senior Thesis Presentation
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
Building Overview
General Building Data Location:
Size:
Height:
Construction Dates:
Cost:
Occupancy
Project Team
Owner:
Architect:
MEP/FP Engineer:
Structural Engineer:
Civil Engineer:
Project Management:
Washington, DC
54,000 GSF
4 Stories above grade, 1 below
July 2013-May 2014
15 million
Administrative/Office
Catholic University of America
SmithGroupJJR
SmithGroupJJR
McMullan & Associates, Inc.
ADTEK
Mark G Anderson Consultants, Inc.
Site Analysis
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Existing Mechanical Systems
Air-Side
3 Existing AHU’s
East wing not in scope
AHU-4 and AHU-6
Use VAV and Fan powered
boxes with hot water reheat
in basement and first floors
AHU-5
Displacement ventilation on
first floor for two story
banquet hall
OAHU-1
Dedicated Outdoor AHU
Ventilates floors 2-4 and
uses 4 pipe Fan Coil Units
Basement Floor 1st Floor
2nd Floor 3rd Floor
4th Floor
(E)-Existing
Introduction
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Existing Mechanical Systems
Basement Floor 1st Floor
2nd Floor 3rd Floor
4th Floor
(E)-Existing
Water-Side
Cooling One 97.7 ton electric air-cooled chiller
• Two chilled water pumps with
VFD’s
Heating
Two 500 MBH Condensing Boilers
84% Efficient
Low Pressure (2psi) 2 inch
gas pipe provided by
Washington Gas Company
Three hot water pumps with
VFD’s
Introduction
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall CHP Introduction
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Introduction
CHP Goals
Simultaneous production of heat
and power with on-site generation
Reliable power during grid
blackout or brownout
Higher overall efficiencies
Lower emissions
Absorption Cooling Goals
Utilize waste heat in summer
months
Reduce existing chiller size
Reduce power demand in
summer months
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Spark Gap
Difference between price of
natural gas and electricity
Building Demand Profiles
Demands
Thermal to power ratio
λD = Qq
Qe
Driving factor
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KW
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tu)
24 Hour Building Demands per Month
Cooling Heating Power
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Microturbine
Produce lowest power(15-250KW)
Low electrical Efficiency
Low Maintenance Cost
Low emissions
Table from EPA
Capstone C30 Microturbine Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Prime Movers
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Microturbine
Produce lowest power(15-250KW)
Low electrical Efficiency
Low Maintenance Cost
Low emissions
Capstone C30 Microturbine Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Prime Movers
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Microturbine
Produce lowest power(15-250KW)
Low electrical Efficiency
Low Maintenance Cost
Low emissions
Capstone C30 Microturbine
Net Heat Rate
0
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100,000
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450,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Btu
/h
KW
Fuel Input and Useful Exhaust vs KW Produced
Useful Exhaust Fuel Input
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Microturbine
Produce lowest power(15-250KW)
Low electrical Efficiency
Low Maintenance Cost
Low emissions
Capstone C30 Microturbine
Net Heat Rate
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Po
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r (K
W)
Lo
ad
(B
tu)
Percentage
Load Duration Curve
Thermal Load Cooling Load Power Load
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
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He
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24 Hour Heating Demands
CHP Heating Boiler Heating
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
January Sample Calculations
Heating Demands
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
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24 Hour Cooling Demands
Absporption Cooling Electric Cooling
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
January Sample Calculations
Cooling Demands
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
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Ele
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KW
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24 Hour Power Distribution
Purchased Power CHP Power
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
January Sample Calculations
Power Demands
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
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Use
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24 Hour Waste Heat Usage
Heating Cooling Wasted Exhaust
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
January Sample Calculations
Useful Waste Heat
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
PEUF SHP= hGTDhB(1 + l D)
hB + hGTDl D PEUF CHP= heCHP( 1 + l D)
PEUF Hybrid = hCHPhGTDhB (1 + lD )
(hCHPhBfeD,GTD + hGTDhBfeD,CHP + hGTDhCHP l QD, B
CHP vs SHP
CHP INPUT
ήCHP 0.26
KW Produced 30 kw
Net Heat Rate 13100 btu/kw
ήHRU 0.6
ήB 0.84
ήGTD 0.33
Absorption Chiller COP 0.7
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Fe
d, C
HP
Fe
d, G
TD
PU
EF
λD
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
SHP Hybrid PFESR FED,CHP Fed,GTD
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency (PUEF) λD < 0.7 SHP has a higher PUEF
λD > 0.7 CHP has a higher PUEF
λD > 1.7 start over producing electricity and start to lose money
λD = 2.3 maximum PUEF and percent fuel savings ratio
λD < 2.3 start supplemental boiler and PFESR starts to decline but still
positive
CHP INPUT
ήCHP 0.26
KW Produced 30 kw
Net Heat Rate 13100 btu/kw
ήHRU 0.6
ήB 0.84
ήGTD 0.33
Absorption Chiller COP 0.7
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Fe
d, C
HP
Fe
d, G
TD
PU
EF
λD
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
SHP Hybrid PFESR FED,CHP Fed,GTD
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
0
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5
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λ D c
hp
Hourly λD CHP
λD 2.3 0.7 1.7
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency (PUEF) λD < 0.7 SHP has a higher PUEF
λD > 0.7 CHP has a higher PUEF
λD > 1.7 start over producing electricity and start to lose money
λD = 2.3 maximum PUEF and percent fuel savings ratio
λD < 2.3 start supplemental boiler and PFESR starts to decline but still
positive
CHP INPUT
ήCHP 0.26
KW Produced 30 kw
Net Heat Rate 13100 btu/kw
ήHRU 0.6
ήB 0.84
ήGTD 0.33
Absorption Chiller COP 0.7
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
-23000
-20000
-17000
-14000
-11000
-8000
-5000
-2000
1000
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7000
10000
0
1:0
0 A
M - 1
0:0
0 P
M
2:0
0 A
M - 9
:00
PM
3:0
0 A
M - 8
:00
PM
4:0
0 A
M - 7
:00
PM
5:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
6:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
7:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
8:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
9:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
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:00
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- 6
:00
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- 6
:00
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No
on
- 6
:00
PM
24
Ho
urs
Sa
vin
gs (
$)
Hours of Operation
Cost Analysis
15 KW 30 KW 65 KW
Cost Analysis
Cost Analysis
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
-23000
-20000
-17000
-14000
-11000
-8000
-5000
-2000
1000
4000
7000
10000
0
1:0
0 A
M - 1
0:0
0 P
M
2:0
0 A
M - 9
:00
PM
3:0
0 A
M - 8
:00
PM
4:0
0 A
M - 7
:00
PM
5:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
6:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
7:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
8:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
9:0
0 A
M - 6
:00
PM
10
:00
AM
- 6
:00
PM
11
:00
AM
- 6
:00
PM
No
on
- 6
:00
PM
24
Ho
urs
Sa
vin
gs (
$)
Hours of Operation
Cost Analysis
15 KW 30 KW 65 KW
Cost Analysis
Payback Period
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
CHP Introduction
Building Demands Profiles
CHP Demands
Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency
Cost Analysis
Emissions
Electrical Breath
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Questions
Emissions Spreadsheet from EPA
Emissions
Emissions
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
Electrical Breadth
Emergency Power
150 KW emergency generator
Duel fuel microturbine to
replace emergency generator
Reduce payback period
Power Connection
Replace Switchgear with
Parallel Switchgear
208/120V, 3PH-4W 3000A
Syncs power from two
sources
Add 480V:208/120V
transformer
Size wires and breakers
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
Recommendations
Recommendations
Economically
Do not recommend CHP System
14 year payback period
Not enough heat load
Environmentally
Recommend CHP system
Save 27% Fuel Consumption
Reduce Carbon footprint by 47%
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
Acknowledgments
Thank You!
Dr. Laura Miller – AE Senior Thesis Advisor
SmithGroupJJR
Dr. James Freihaut – Help with CHP systems
AE Faculty and Students
Friends and Family
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall
Introduction
Combined Heat and Power Analysis
Electrical Breath
Recommendations
Acknowledgments
Questions
Questions
Questions?
The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Questions
Cost Analysis