Renewing the Sectional Struggle:1848-1854

Although the Compromise of 1850 temporarily quieted sectionalism, attempts to expand slavery in the 1850’s

culminated in the secession of the Confederacy

•Compromise of 1850

•Expansion of Slavery

•Rise of Sectionalism

•Failure of Compromise

I. Compromise of 1850

A. Background Events1. Wilmot Proviso, 18482. The compromise: Popular

Sovereignty3. Election 1848

a. Taylor/Fillmore (W) v. Cass (D)b. “Free soil, free speech, free labor,

free men.”4. CA Gold Rush

B. Background Issues1. Political balance of slavery 2. CA and Mexican Cessation?3. Fugitive Slave Law, 1793

a. Harriet Tubman4. Disputed territory with TX5. Slavery in D.C. (1000 per year)

C. Negotiations A. Clay and Douglas and Webster and

FillmoreB. Calhoun C. William “higher law” Seward

D. Provisions (PopFACT)

Manifest Destiny SF Walking Tour, Dec. 21st

II. Expansion of Slavery

A. Election of 18521. Pierce a proslave northerner

supported the F.S.L. (D)2. Scott’s (W) support of F.S.L.

alienated southern Whigs

B. International Expansion1. Asia

a. Treaty of Wanghia, 1844b. Commodore Perry, 1852

2. Latin Americaa. Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1848b. W. Walker in Nicaraguac. Ostend Manifesto, 1854

II. Expansion of Slavery (cont.)

C. Domestic Expansion: Transcontinental RR

1. Gadsden Purchase2. Proposed territory of NB

and KSa. S. Douglasb. Popular Sovereignty

3. Reactions! a. North “Free-Soilers”b. Southern “Fire-eaters”c. Crash of Democratic

Party-28 years d. Creation of GOP

Chapter 18 Vocabulary

• Lewis Cass• Stephen Douglas• Franklin Pierce• Zachary Taylor• John Calhoun• Winfield Scott• Martin Van Buren• Daniel Webster• Matthew Perry• Harriet Tubman• William Seward• James Gadsden• Henry Clay• Millard Fillmore

• Popular Sovereignty• Filibustering• Free Soil Party• Fugitive Slave Law• “conscience Whigs”• “personal liberty laws”• Underground Railroad• Compromise of 1850• “fire-eaters”• Clayton-Bulwer Treaty• Ostend manifesto• “higher law”• Kansas-Nebraska Act

III. Rise of Sectionalism

A. Voices of Sectionalism1. Harriet Beecher Stowe2. Hinton Helper

B. Case Study: “Bleeding KS”1. Emigration into KS

a. NEEAC and “Beecher’s Bibles”2. Territorial vote, 1855

a. “border ruffians”b. Free-soilers in Topeka

3. Violencea. Attack on Lawrence, KSb. Pottawatomie Massacre, 1856c. Caning of Senator Sumter

4. Election of 18561. Buchanan (D) v. Fremont (R) v. Fillmore (“Do

Not”)2. No extension of slavery (R) v. Popular

Sovereignty (D)5. Statehood vote, 1857

a. Pro-slavery LeCompton Constitutionb. Buchanan upsets N. Demos and Douglas upsets S.

Demos.

John Steuart Curry’s Tragic Prelude (1938-1940)

IV. Failure of CompromiseA. Dred Scot Decision

1. Pro-Slave majority on court (Taney)2. Hit #1: No citizenship for blacks3. Hit #2: Slaves be taken anywhere (5th)4. Hit #3: Missouri Compromise

unconstitutional (5th)5. North horrified, “It’s an opinion, not

decision!”B. Financial Crisis of 1857

1. Ca Gold and Over-production/speculation2. Western demand for free land3. Industrialists demand for higher tariffs

C. Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 18581. GOP spotlight2. Freeport Doctrine-territories could refuse to

pass laws protecting slavery—ending slavery.

D. Harper’s Ferry, 18591. Establish free black state2. Became a martyr in north and feared in the

south

Standing Lincoln, Lincoln Park, Chicago

IV. Failure of Compromise (cont.)

E. Election of 18601. Democrats

a. Douglasb. Breckinridge

2. Constitutional Union1. Bell

3. Republicans1. Lincoln

F. Tragic Chain Events1. 11 states secede by VA2. Confederate States of

Am., 18613. Crittenden amendments

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

• Harriet Beecher Stowe• Hinton Helper• John Brown• James Buchanan• Charles Sumner• John C. Fremont• Dred Scott• Roger Taney• John Breckenridge• John Bell• Jefferson Davis

• Uncle Tom’s Cab• New England Immigrant Aid

Company• Pottawatowie• Lecompton Constitution• “Bleeding Kansas”• American Party• Dred Scot• Panic of 1837• Freeport Doctrine• Constitutional Union party• Crittenden Comprise