Nihar S Raj

Renewable Integration in India

Business Head Power Consulting

ABB India Limited

• Introduction & Plans

• Duck Curve

• Challenges with Renewable Integration

• Grid Impact Studies

• Demand Management Tools

• Case studies – Discussions

• Take Away….

Agenda

• India has availability of 5,000 trillion kWh/year energy incident on the country. With most of the parts having 4-7kWh/sq-m / day.

• Solar has ability to generate power on distributed base and enables rapid capacity addition in small time.

• Today’s scenario of coal based generation being the cheapest source may change in future. Solar taking the lead.

• Out of 100GW of solar, 40GW from Roof top solar targeted.

• 337 Million houses as per 2011 census

Introduction & Plans

Introduction & Plans

New developments are accelerating the transition

New gridTraditional grid

Introduction & Plans

• Enhance the use of Renewables within the country and achieve a goal of 100 GW in next 7 years – Resolution on 6th July 2015

Source : MNRE

Introduction & Plans

Coal, 158496, 60.11%

Gas, 22971, 8.71%

Diesel, 1199, 0.45%

Nuclear, 5780, 2.19%

Hydro, 40867, 15.50%

Renewables, 34351, 13.03%

Generation Contribution from different Sources

Coal Gas Diesel Nuclear Hydro Renewables

Source : CEA. Data as on 25th Feb 2015

Generation capacity in MW.Total Capacity = 263 GW

Introduction & Plans

Source : MNRE as on Feb 2015

3383

22645

4025

4299

Renewable Generation Installed capacity

Solar Power

Wind Power

Small Hydro Power

Biomass Power and BagasseCogeneration

Duck Curve

Source : https://energyclub.stanford.edu & ABB Technical Reviw 02/2015

Sun does not glow for the entire day and Wind does not blow for 24 hours. Solar is best especially during day time when sun is at the peak.

With big tummy and long neck, requirements to ramp is still stringent

Wind Power Generation Trend

Source : CBIP Conference on Solar 2015

Monthly Generation trends shows variation in month wise generation.

Challenges with Renewables

Source : MNRE as on Feb 2015

1. Different load curves in different parts of country with different ramp rate.

2. Reactive Power requirements and fault ride through requirements.3. Compliance to Grid Code 4. Frequency control. 5. Congestion in transmission networks. (Needs to be studied in detail)6. Increasing peak to off peak ratios, load changeovers, and increase

penetration of renewables7. Market Structure8. Managing Variability & Uncertainty of the load itself is challenge and

higher penetration of renewable sources may further increase it9. Wind power not coincident with peak load10. Plants connected at remote / concentrated location with weak

transmission network11. Renewable plant providing less grid support during plant disturbances.

Grid Impact Study

1. Ensure the adequacy of system facilities

2. Identify constraints that might restrict the transfer of power, and suggest possible improvements

and upgrades

3. Determine if available transfer capability (ATC) is sufficient

4. Consider the impact of delivering energy from the facility to the transmission system under

different dispatch scenarios

5. Switchgear adequacy check and recommendations

6. Reactive compensation requirement (static & dynamic conditions)

7. Harmonic filter requirement

8. Compliance to Grid Code

Demand Side Management Tools

Source : ABB Corporate Technical Review

1. Power Management : Connects inverter, tracking system, Energy storage, STATCOM, capacitor bank. Does real time calculations to regulate power. Ensure plant management & control is in line with grid code.

2. Production Forecast : Important aspect to calculate plant profitability. Forecast can be 6 h ahead to 1 week ahead. (Resolution varies from 15 min to 1 hour). Cloud movements are also tracked and reduction in output is also calculated. Incase of ES system is integrated prediction in power fluctuations are also taken care

Demand Side Management Tools

Source : ABB Corporate Technical Review

3. Remote Monitoring & Control : Identifies underperforming components. Helps for predictive maintenance, reduce down time, optimize investments. Also gives data to main data center at OEM place. Supports system configuration, health check, diagnostic and remote operation.

4. Alarms & Notifications : Standard Alarms are already available for faulty equipments. Alarms for users KPI values can also be set. On activation user can also get sms / email with preliminary diagnosis of operating failure

5. Higher Cyber security requirements.

6. Many more…..

Case Study -1

Source : ABB Power Consulting Study for Renewables

1. Customer installed a 5 MW Solar PV Installation

2. Problems being faced. Tripping of inverters as soon as power generation go upto 2.5

MW. (Especially during noon time)

3. Revenue loss accompanied by poor ROI.

4. Solution :

• System investigated & Harmonic measurements done.

• Investigated 18th order harmonic. Recommendation on installation of 100kVAr,

18th order single tuned LC filter to limit THD levels & over voltages within limit.

5. Result : Solution implemented at site. Higher ROI. Payback on system study within

1.5 months.

6. “A proper system study mitigates potential risk, ensures higher ROI, safe operation

of system, higher asset life and helps to optimally utilize the resources.”

Case Study -2

Source : ABB Power Consulting Study for Renewables

1. Installation of a solar park by developer as per system norms

2. Problems experienced of over voltages into the system.

3. System analyzed for potential challenge and preferred solutions

4. Initial Observations : Over voltages in system, Reactive compensation issues, long

distance between the PCC and the solar park.

5. Solutions : Different solution studied in detail like transformer tap change,

installation of switched or fixed reactor of different rating, Learning from the Grid

codes of different countries across globe.

6. Most optimized solution discussed with customer and solution under

implementation.

7. Advantages : Overvoltage issues mitigated, enhanced asset life, balance system.

Take Away….

1. Concept of Grid is changing. Conventional definitions do not apply…

2. Generation balancing by conventional sources. (Higher penetration higher balancing requirement)

3. Forecasting of renewable generation along with its ramp. (At higher end at RLDC and even locally at

the solar plants for commercial treatment.)

4. System studies prior to set up of plant to ensure maximum penetration of renewable power. Also

complying to the Grid code requirements. Check the impact on nearby Power systems.

5. Integration of FACTS and HVDC solutions.

6. Demand Side Management tools needs to be intelligent. Focus to cover complete foot print

“Planning, Operation, maintenance and service”.

7. Full data communications to SLDC / RLDC. Communication requirements.

8. PMU installation at pooling stations for more system awareness and action by system operators.

“THANK YOU”