Renewable Energy - Supply Chain Requirements ... Kerr...Renewable Energy - Supply Chain...
Transcript of Renewable Energy - Supply Chain Requirements ... Kerr...Renewable Energy - Supply Chain...
01 October 2004 © Avayl Engineering Consultancy
Renewable Energy - Supply Chain Requirements,Opportunities and ConstraintsWind, Water and Biomass29th September 2004EDAS Stephen Kerr
B Eng (Aero) C Eng MIMechE
Photo Courtesy Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Introduction
�What are the technologies and supplychain requirements?
�What are the opportunities andconstraints?
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Technologies� Wind
� Onshore� Offshore
� Water� Wave – near shore / far shore� Tidal – barrage / in situ device
� Biomass� Thermal - forestry residues / dedicated energy
crops / municipal and domestic waste� Anearobic digestion - agricultural residues /
municipal and domestic waste� Landfill gas - municipal and domestic waste
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01 October 2004 © Avayl Engineering Consultancy
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Domestic wood pellet boiler
8MW Gasifier plant Pelletisation
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When?…all now
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Scotland – Current StatusSum of Capacity (in MW) Status
Technology Exist
ing
Cons
ented
Appli
catio
n noti
fied
Pre-a
pplic
ation
notifi
ed
With
drawn
/Refu
sed
SRO
- Outs
tandin
g
Gran
d Tota
l
Biomass 19.0 55.7 22.5 97.2Coal 1,152.0 1,152.0Coal, co-firing with biomass 2,304.0 2,304.0Hydro 1,323.9 16.0 119.8 28.7 3.6 5.5 1,497.4Landfill Gas 23.7 1.9 87.5 113.1Nuclear 2,735.0 2,735.0Off-shore wind 180.0 180.0Oil and Gas 3,558.0 400.0 3,958.0On-shore wind 236.2 744.7 2,601.5 3,777.1 161.2 27.6 7,548.3Pulp and paper 8.3 8.3Pumped storage 705.0 705.0Wave 0.0 0.0Grand Total 12,065.1 1,342.6 2,777.0 3,805.8 164.8 143.1 20,298.3
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Technologies - Issues� Wind
� Well developed leading concept – evolutionaryR&D by market leaders
� Cost competitive with fossil fuels� Rapid up-scaling – manufacturing / logistics /
operations focus� Water
� Multitude of concepts – none well proven� Not currently cost competitive with fossil fuels� Technological challenges – design / survivability /
maintainability� Will tend to large scale – MW devices
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Technologies - Issues� Biomass
� Several concepts / technologies relevant – large & smallscale
� Cost competitive with fossil fuels in certain situations� Ongoing developments in plant efficiency� Offers security of supply and base generation� Thermal - dominant technology, good fit with agricultural
activity but fuel supply chain difficulties to date� Anearobic digestion - sparsely deployed� Both offer competitive heat generation / co-firing options� Landfill gas – short term solution� All address waste management issues to varying degrees� Poorly supported to date in UK (policy, planning and public
acceptance) but signs of change
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Arnish Point, Cambrian Engineering- piles / towers
Machrihanish VestasCeltic – turbine /towers
Kirkcaldy NOIScotland –blades
Kilmarnock, ProvenEngineering – micro turbines
Some Examples of Current Activity –Manufacturing / Supply
Nordex – Turbineservicing base
Glenelg, Chillwindmast installation
Balmoral Composites– GRP nacelle covers
Orkney, Brian RendallElectrical installation
Brora, Edward MacKayCivil Works and Transportation
Nigg, Isleburn- piles / towersWavegen – OWC near
shore device
OPD – Pelamis device
Shetland
Ross Deeptech –fabrication Pelamis
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Wind –Supply Chain
Value Analysis
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Supply Chain Value analysis� Onshore wind farm
Project DevelopmentStudies
3%
Legal & Financial5%
Project Management &Design
2%
Turbine57%
Civil Construction13%
Transportation &Installation
3%MEI Installation
6%Main connections
11%
Circa 30% UKcontent currently
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Supply Chain Value analysis�Turbine value analysis
Blades16%Control system
14%
Tower12%
Gearbox11%
Yaw assembly10%
Pitch control8%
Generator6% Main shaft
5% Other5%
Nacelle cover4%
Assembly time4%
Hub assembly3%
Bed plate2%
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14 m
4.5 m
Layout GE Wind 3.6 MWSeparated drive train & crane system
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Supply Chain Value analysisMain turbine manufacturers
2002 DataCompany Country
MWProduced % Share
Turnover£ M Employees
Vestas DK 1,640 22% 836 5,974Enercon DE 1,333 18% 720 6,800NEG Micon DK 1,030 14% 505 2,180Gamesa ESP 924 12% 350 1,398GE Wind US 638 8% n/a 1,700Bonus DK 509 7% 167 800Nordex DE 504 7% 267 791Made ESP 247 3% n/a n/aRePower DE 223 3% 151 390Ecotecnia ESP 120 2% n/a 350Others 371 5%
Source: EurObservRE 2004
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Supply Chain Value analysisAreas of opportunities for Scotland
� Large scale turbine assembly facilities� Large scale blade manufacture� Tower / sub assembly steel fabricator(s)
and other support services / trades� Manufacture of other composite items e.g.
nacelle covers� Supply of control system components� Supply of sub system components, fixtures
and fittings
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Supply Chain Value analysisAreas of opportunities for Scotland
� Manufacture of small wind turbines forcommunity / industrial use
� Development / Environmental studies� Site construction works� Heavy haulage and heavy lift cranes� Mast fabrication / erection� Operations / servicing hub� Turbine Research, Development & Test
Centre� Next generation R&D – 10MW turbine
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Opportunities – Lesson from windand other industries
Research & DevelopmentDemonstration / Testing / StandardsCommercialisation – risk fundingManufacture for domestic marketManufacture for export marketConstruction / Operations
� More difficult to enter the higher valueelements later on…
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Wave & Tidal - Opportunities� Increase R&D in Scotland�Design – IP rights�Testing – EMEC�Demonstration projects�Manufacture of components�Fabrication of structure�Operational support�Export
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Wave & Tidal - Constraints�Level of funding still relatively poor� “Wave / Tidal are long term
opportunities…” yes, but in terms oflarge scale commercial generation
�Grid connection / electricity pricing�Funding commercialisation process
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Biomass – Supply Chain Analysis
Source : DTI
Fuel Supply12%
Bulk material handling7%
Combustion System6%
Other22%
Installation18%
Boiler9%
Bottom ash collection /transfer
2%
Dust removal collection /transfer
2%
Electrical Systems10%
Cooling tower (aircooled)
4%
Continuous emissionsmonitoring
1%
Steam turbine &generator
7%
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Biomass - Opportunities� Increase R&D in Scotland to suit
Scottish conditions� Fuel stock� District heating schemes� Off grid developments
�Fuel transportation network – bulkmaterial handling
�Domestic installations / servicing�Agricultural diversification
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Biomass - Constraints�Public support much lower than other
renewable technologies (although stillmuch higher than fossil / nuclear)
�Fuel supply chain fragmented�Bulk of equipment is imported – little
R&D in Scotland aimed at technology�Overall lack of confidence in sporadic
market – developer / suppliers, needlong term national support
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Scotland - Jobs Potential� Wind
� Onshore now 1200 peak 2500?� Offshore now 100 peak 1000?
� Water� now circa 200 peak 5000?
� Biomass� now circa 250 peak 2000?
Generally high quality long term jobsacademic through manufacture, constructionand operations