Renewable Energy Sources, energy balance for a village

8/14/2019 Renewable Energy Sources, energy balance for a village

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ENEWABLE ENERGYENEWABLE ENERGYOURCESOURCESNDND NERGY MANAGEMENTNERGY MANAGEMENT


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ABSTRACT

This paper is an approach to obtain energy balance

in a typical rural Indian economy. The objective isto completely eliminate use of conventional energysources. To develop a system of technically andeconomically viable solution for providing energyfrom non-conventional and renewable energysources.


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INTRODUCTION A typical rural area considered basically

covers the following details:

Description of economy

Natural resources availability

Population and standard of living

Energy demand


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PRESENT PROBLEM:

In most of the parts, no power supply is available.

In rest of the parts poor quality of power supply


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M A PM A P

* map not up to scale


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Geographical details:The rural area MohiuddinNagar is situated in

district Samastipur.

It is 90 km far from capital Patna.

It has proper rail and road connectivity.River Ganga crosses it in south.Two small rivers Baya and Noon cross it in north.The water level is 60 feet below ground. So there is

abundant water supply.


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This area gets good sunlight for 10 months in ayear, so there is lot of potential for solar energy.

The area gets good rain during monsoon.The soil is one of the best fertile soil that is

available in the world because the Ganga bringsnew soil every year.

Crops:


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PRESENT ECONOMICSITUATIONMost people depend on farming and animal

husbandry.

The soil is best for sugarcane. But there isno sugarcane factory so nobody goes forit.

There is no industry in nearby area, even

not a single one based on agriculture.


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ECONOMIC STATUS OF PEOPLE


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CASE STUDYA person observed two basic problems in the village:

The increasing cost of kerosene oil for lightingpurpose.

The mobile battery charging problem.


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He established a diesel generator set and supplypower with the following norms:

If you are a customer then for every single CFLconnection you have to pay Rs. 60 per month.

He will supply power in evening between 6pm-10pm.

There will be a facility that you can charge yourmobile battery from the CFL holder itself, free ofcost.


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v

vIt can be seen that the investment isrecovered in 3 months only.

vActually for lighting and charging purposeRs. 60 per month is not a big amount, it

seems.


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Analysis from consumer point ofview:Total energy consumed by oneCFL and mobile battery permonth

(20+5)w*(30*4)hr=3kWh

Bill paid by consumers permonth

Rs 60

So tariff is Rs(60/3)=Rs 20 per unit

Maximum tariff paid by an

average consumer in India

Rs 4

Extra amount paid by consumersfor each unit

Rs(20-4)=Rs 16 ..ha!


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PROPOSED SYSTEM


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VILLAGE ZONENo. of houses 200

Population of the village 200*7=1400

Connected load for single house 7CFL+4fans+1TV+1Refrigerator=(7*20+4*60+1*200+0.5*200)=680W =0.68KWConnected load for 200 houses (200*0.68)KW=136KW

Other loads for one village 10computers+50street light+2flour mill=(10*300+50*50+2*1000)W=7.5KW

Total connected load for onevillage

(136+7.5)KW=143.5KWor

approx 150KW


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PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR DOMESTICHEATING AND COOKING

REQUIREMENT

Most feasible solution is Biogas.

From one study it is proved that dung of two cowsprovides all the energy requirement for a familyof 4 person.


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CENTRALIZED BIO-GAS PLANTCONCEPTFor every 50 houses, there will be one common

Bio-gas plant.

Single plant for entire village is not considered,because of cluster distribution of houses.

Separate Bio-gas plant for every house is notconsidered here because of the maintenanceproblem.


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BIO-GAS PLANT PLANNING

For every unit there will be sufficientmanpower, whose work will be to collect cowdung from those respective houses.

Pipeline gas distribution system will beimplemented.

Gas meter will be provided in every house.Based on the gas consumption, charges will be

taken.

By-product of plant will be given back to thefarmers at the cheaper rate to use it asfertilizer.


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BIO-GAS DISTRIBUTION

To domestic users

Mainpipe line

-Bio Gas Plant


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BIO-GASCYCLE

-Biproduct

Cow dung


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BENEFITS OF BIO-GASThere is no external source required for running

of the plant.

The raw-material for Bio-gas plant is easily

available in the villages.Dependence on coal, LPG etc for cooking

purpose can be fully eliminated.

By using waste of plant, use of chemical

fertilizer can be avoided and organic farmingcan be encouraged.


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W A T E R H A R V E S T IN G


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WATER HARVESTINGEvery house contains a underground cemented

water tank .

The slope of the roof is towards the drainagepipe, which goes to tank.

Another drainage is provided near to the 1st pipe, which goes to the open area.

The water of 1st rain is not collected, becauseof impurity in environment. This water is usedto clean the roof.

For the 2nd rain, water is collected in thecemented tank.


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It is hard to imagine that 2-3 hours

of rain can provide drinking waterto a family of 6-7 members for awhole year.


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b) Emergency load like hospital needs power supplyfor 24 hours

power demand

time(hrs) 9am 5pm

c) Shops need power supply between 9am-12pmand 6pm-10pm.

power demand

9am 12pm 6pm 10pm time(hrs)


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HOW TO MANAGE POWER IN

MARKET ZONE?

Power demand for offices, schools and collegesafter 5 pm is negligible. This remaining power

will be consumed by shops where after 6pmis the peak load time.

During the peak hour there will be a provisionof two part tariff. Consumer exceeding thefixed limit during peak hour will be penalized.


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CENTRALIZED WATERDISTRIBUTION FOR MARKET AREA

Main pipe line

W ater tank

To house holds


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WHY CENTRALIZED WATER

SUPPLY UNIT?Easy to control reactive power demand by

using capacitor bank .

It is easy to switch on a single pump during the

off peak hours.

Better system voltage regulation.


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ECONOMIC ZONE

This zone will be located near to the powergenerating plant.

There will be heavy loads in economic zone like

Sugarcane factoryDairy factoryWood mill

Cold storageOther industries based on agriculture


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FEATURES OF ECONOMIC ZONEPower requirement in this zone is almost

constant all the time.

Power has to be supplied in this zone minimumfor 20 hours.

So for peak hours in other zone (6pm-10pm),supply will be off in this zone.

Solar cell can be used for lighting of this zoneduring power cut in this zone.

Development of this zone implies developmentof rural area.


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GENERATING STATIONThe proposed generating plant is a Bio-mass

plant of capacity 6MW to fulfill all the energyrequirement of the rural area.

Every zone excluding farms is estimatedaround 3MW load.The plant will have 3 generator of same rating

3MW.

Generator G1 will run by fuel sugarcanebagasse. Generator G2 will run by fuel crop like jolly

flora.

Generator G3 will be for back up supply.


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WHY BIO-MASS?The fuel for Bio-mass is easily available and

accessible.

The area can be independent for power supply.

Farmers will supply fuel crop with some profitmargin and the plant will supply back to the

farmers at a fixed charge. So net charge for perunit power will be low for farmers .

Pollution free.


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BIO-GAS CYCLE

to market steam electric power supplied back to farmers

B a g a s s eS u g a r Factory+V illa g e

Farm s

To economic zone

Electric distribution

Power plant( )steam

sugar

Fuel crop

To market zone

POWER DISTRIBUTION


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POWER DISTRIBUTIONPLANNING FOR DIFFERENT

ZONESZones Power supply duration

Economic zone 12am to 10am & 10pm-12am

Market zone 9am to 5pm & 6pm to 2pm

Village zone 2am to 9am & 5pm to 10pm

Farms 2am to 5am & 7am to 9am


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Prepared by-

Abhishek Karwa & Indrajeet Kumar

Renewable Energy Sources, energy balance for a village

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