Renewable Energy Scenario

Energy Scenario in Globe

Presented by : Manish Kumar 2011078

Mohit Kumar Singh 2011082

Rajesh Singh 2011122

26 March, 2015

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Energy Conversion Devices

IIITDM JABALPUR

Outline

• Introduction

• Why Renewable Energy?

• Contribution of Renewable Energy

• Hydro Energy

• Wind Energy

• Solar Energy

• Bio Power

• Geothermal Power

• Ocean Energy

• Conclusion

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Introduction

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• Energy is an essential part of our daily lives.

• Energy is all around us.

• There are two forms of energy:

• Renewable energy - can be replenished in a short period of

time.

• Non-Renewable energy - can’t be replenished in a short

period of time.

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Why Renewable Energy?

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• Today we primarily use fossil fuels to generate various forms of energy.

• It’s convenient to use coal, oil, and natural gas for meeting our energy needs.

• But we have a limited reserve of these fuels. • Consumption rate of non-renewable resources is more than

production rate. • Worldwide, 1.4 billion people lack access to energy, due to

poor access and cost.

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Why Renewable Energy?

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Table 1: Number of people lacking access to energy sources, 2009 (million)

Source: IEA databases and analysis.

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Contribution of Renewable Energy

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Figure 1: Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global Final Energy Consumption, 2012

Source: Renewables 2014 Global Status Report (REN21)

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ADDED DURING 2013 EXISTING AT END-2013

POWER GENERATION (GW) Bio-power 5 88

Geothermal power 0.5 12

Hydropower 40 1,000

Ocean power ~0 0.5

Solar PV 39 139

Concentrating solar thermal

power (CSP) 0.9 3.4

Wind power 35 318

HEATING / HOT WATER (GWth)

Modern bio-heat 3 296

Geothermal heating 1.3 23

Solar collectors for water heating 44 326

Table 2: Renewable energy capacity and added in 2013 (GW)

IIITDM JABALPUR Global Renewable Energy Capacity


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Figure 2: Renewable energy capacity

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Source: Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century

Global Renewable Energy Capacity

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World EU-28 BRICS China

United

States Germany Spain Italy India

TECHNOLOGY GW

GW

Bio-power 88 35 24 6.2 15.8 8.1 1 4 4.4

Geothermal power 12 1 0.1 ~0 3.4 ~0 0 0.9 0

Hydropower 1,000 124 437 260 78 5.6 17.1 18.3 44

Ocean power 0.5 0.2 ~0 ~0 ~0 0 ~0 0 0

Solar PV 139 80 21 19.9 12.1 36 5.6 17.6 2.2

Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) 3.4 2.3 0.1 ~0 0.9 ~0 2.3 ~0 0.1

Wind power 318 117 115 91 61 34 23 8.6 20

Total renewable power

capacity (including

hydropower)

1,560 360 599

378 172 84 49 49 71

Total renewable power capacity

(not including hydropower) 560 235 162

118 93 78 32 31 27

Per capita capacity (Watts /

inhabitant, not including

hydropower)

80 470 50 90 300 960 690 510 20

Table 3: Renewable energy distribution (GW)


Renewable Energy IIITDM JABALPUR

Hydro Energy

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Figure 3: Hydropower Global Capacity, Shares of Top Six Countries, 2013 (in 1000 GW)

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Hydro Energy

Hydro Energy

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• Hydropower is our most mature and largest source of renewable power.

• Hydro-power plants convert the energy in flowing water into electricity.

• Hydropower plants produce no air emissions but can affect water quality and wildlife habitats.

• Therefore, hydropower plants are now being designed and operated to minimize impacts on the river.

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Hydro energy

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• About 40 GW of new hydropower capacity was commissioned in 2013, increasing total global capacity by around 4% to approximately 1,000 GW.

• By far the most capacity was installed in China (29 GW), with significant capacity also added in Turkey, Brazil, Vietnam, India, and Russia.

• Growth in the industry has been relatively steady in recent years, fuelled primarily by China’s expansion.

• Some countries are seeing a trend towards smaller reservoirs and multi-turbine run-of-river projects.

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NET ADDED 2013 Total End-2013

TOP COUNTRIES BY TOTAL CAPACITY GW GW

China 28.7 260

Brazil 1.5 86

United States 0.2 78

Canada 0.5 76

Russia 0.7 47

India 0.8 44

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Table 4: Top six countries hydro energy capacity


Hydro Energy

Hydro energy

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Figure 4: Hydropower capacity and additions, Top six countries for capacity added, 2013

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Hydro Energy

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IIITDM JABALPUR Wind Energy

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IIITDM JABALPUR Wind Energy

• More than 35 GW of wind power capacity was added in 2013, bringing the global total above 318 GW.

• Wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly.

• By 2014, Denmark is generating around 40% of its electricity from wind power and 83 countries around the world are using wind power to supply the electricity grid.

• China added an estimated 16.1 GW of new capacity in 2013, increasing total installed capacity by 21% to 91.4 GW.

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Figure 5: Cumulative wind energy capacity

Source: LBNL, REN21

Wind Energy

Wind power total world capacity

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Figure 6: Wind power total world capacity

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Wind Energy

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COUNTRY TOTAL END-2012 ADDED 2013 TOTAL END-2013

China 60.8 - 75.3 14.1 - 16.1 75.5 - 91.4

United States 60.0 1.1 61.1

Germany 31.3 3.2 - 3.6 34.3 - 34.7

Spain 22.8 0.2 23

India 18.4 1.7 20.2

United Kingdom 8.6 1.9 10.5

Italy 8.1 0.4 8.6

France 7.6 0.6 8.3

Canada 6.2 1.6 7.8

Denmark 4.2 0.7 4.8

Rest of World 41 7 48

World Total 283 35 318

[1]

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Table 5: Wind power addition in 2013 (GW)


Wind Energy

Wind Energy capacity and addition

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Figure 7: Wind power capacity and additions, top 10 countries, 2013

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Wind Energy

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IIITDM JABALPUR Solar Energy

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IIITDM JABALPUR Solar Energy

• The global solar PV market had a record year, installing more capacity than any other renewable technology except perhaps hydropower.

• The year saw a major shift geographically as China, Japan, and the United States became the top three installers.

• China alone accounted for almost one-third of global

installations, adding a record 12.9 GW to nearly triple its capacity to approximately 20 GW.9.

• The majority of Japan’s capacity is in rooftop installations, and homebuilders are promoting solar homes.

• At the end of 2014, 53 solar PV plants larger than 50 MW were operating in 13 countries.

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Source: REN21, Larry Sherwood/IREC

Figure 8: Solar electricity installed capacity, 2013

Solar Energy

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Figure 9: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) total global capacity

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Solar Energy

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Germany 32.6 3.3 35.9

China 7.0 12.9 19.9

Italy 16.4 1.5 17.6

Japan 6.6 6.9 13.6

United States 7.2 4.8 12.1

Spain 5.4 0.2 5.6

France 4.0 0.6 4.6

United Kingdom 1.8 1.5 3.3

Australia 2.4 0.8 3.3

Belgium 2.7 0.2 3.0

Rest of World 13.8 6.5 20.2

World Total 100 39 139

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Table 6: Solar power generation by PV (GW)


Solar Energy

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Figure 10: Solar PV capacity and additions

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Solar Energy

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IIITDM JABALPUR Concentrator Solar Power (CSP)

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• The concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) market continued to advance in 2013 after record growth in 2012.

• Total global capacity increased by nearly 0.9 GW, up 36%, to more than 3.4 GW.

• The United States and Spain continued their global market .

• The United States became the leading market in 2013, adding 375 MW to end the year with almost 0.9 GW in operation, and just short of 1 GW under construction.

• The new Solana plant (250 MW) in Arizona is the world’s largest parabolic trough plant and the first U.S.

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Spain 1,950 350 2,300

United States 507 375 882

United Arab Emirates 0 100 100

India 0 50 50

Algeria 25 0 25

Egypt 20 0 20

Morocco 20 0 20

Australia 12 0 12

China 0 10 10

Thailand 5 0 5

World Total 2,540 885 3,425

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Table 7: CSP global capacity and addition (MW)


Concentrator Solar Power (CSP)

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Figure 11: CSP Global capacity



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Figure 12: Solar water heating collector additions, 2012

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IIITDM JABALPUR Bio Power

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• Bioenergy is the energy derived from bio-mass (organic matter), such as plants.

• Biomass demand continued to grow steadily in the heat, power, and transport sectors.

• Total primary energy consumption of biomass reached approximately 57 exa-joules (EJ) in 2013.

• Heating accounted for the majority of biomass use, with modern biomass heat capacity rising about 1% to an estimated 296 gigawatts-thermal (GWth).

• Liquid biofuels met about 2.3% of global transport fuel demand.

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Figure 13: Ethanol, biodiesel and HVO global production



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Figure 14: Ethanol production by countries


Source: Renewables Fuel Association

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Figure 15: Biodiesel production by countries


Source: Renewables Fuel Association

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IIITDM JABALPUR Geothermal Power

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• Underground reservoirs of hot water and steam can be tapped for a variety of uses, such as to generate electricity or heat buildings.

• About 530 MW of new geothermal generating capacity came on line in 2013. Accounting for replacements, the net increase was about 455 MW, bringing total global capacity to 12 GW.

• This net capacity growth of 4% compares to an average annual growth rate of 3% for the two previous years (2010–12).

• Direct use of geothermal energy—for thermal baths and swimming pools, space heating, and agricultural and industrial processes is estimated to exceed 300 peta-joules (PJ) annually.

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Figure 16: Cumulative geothermal electricity capacity, 2013

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Source: Energy Information Administration, USA

Geothermal Power

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Figure 17: Geothermal power capacity additions, 2013

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Geothermal Power

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Figure 18: Geothermal power capacity and additions

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Geothermal Power

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IIITDM JABALPUR Ocean Energy

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• Ocean energy refers to any energy harnessed from the ocean by means of ocean waves, tidal range (rise and fall), tidal currents and ocean currents.

• Ocean energy capacity, mostly tidal power generation, was about 530 MW by the end of 2013.

• In preparation for anticipated commercial projects, a handful of pilot installations were deployed during the year for ongoing tests.

• Particularly in the United Kingdom and France, there are indications that significant capacity growth will occur in the near future, due to concerted industry focus and government support.

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• Major corporations continued to consolidate their positions in the ocean energy sector through strategic partnerships and acquisitions of technology developers.

• The largest ocean energy facilities in operation are all tidal projects and are used for electricity generation.

• They include the 254 MW Sihwa plant in South Korea (completed in 2011), the 240 MW Rance station in France (1966), the 20 MW Annapolis plant in Nova Scotia, Canada (1984), and the 3.9 MW Jiangxia plant in China (1980).

• Advanced water power development activity is concentrated in the North America and Europe.

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IIITDM JABALPUR Future Scope

Figure 19: World energy supply by source

Source: The Ecofys Energy Energy Scenario, Dec 2010

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IIITDM JABALPUR Conclusion

• Renewable sources of energy are the promising sources for generating power in future.

• Research is being carried out to make renewable system more efficient and cost effective.

• Every country is now focusing on more renewable power plants.

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IIITDM JABALPUR Conclusion

Figure 20: Top countries with installed renewable energy by Technology, 2013


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Acknowledgement

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Renewable Energy Scenario

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