IRENA – MARTINIQUE CONFERENCE ON ISLAND ENERGY TRANSITIONS: PATHWAYS FOR ACCELERATED UPTAKE OF RENEWABLES Martinique 22 – 24 June 2015.

Alexander Ritschel - Senior Manager TechnologyPresented by: Olabode Esan - Business Development Manager,Masdar Special Projects Unit

Renewable Energy Desalination for Small Islands

Renewable Energy Desalination for Small Islands

Water Supply for Small Islands: unique features and limited options

Benefits of Renewable Energy Powered Desalination

An Overview of Small-Scale Solar Seawater Desalination

How System Integration Design can Offer Enhancements

Typical Challenges for Renewable Desalination Plants on Small Islands

Masdar Analysis: Estimated Water Production Cost

Masdar’s Renewable Energy Seawater Desalination Program

Masdar

Contents

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Water supply options for small island Groundwater from freshwater lenses limited quantity and risk of unsustainable extraction

rates and saltwater infiltration Rainwater collection and storage requires large surface areas and has a risk of siltation Tanker ships expensive and increases reliance on larger island or the mainland Desalination ships high investment cost and high operational costs On-site desalination high operational costs due to fuel costs, reliance on larger island or

mainland for fuel supply

Renewable Energy Desalination can be a practical solution

Water Supply for Small Islands: unique features and limited options

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Limited surface area for water collection or retention possibilities

Sensitive to natural disasters (cyclones, erosion, climate change)

Supply demand mismatches (dry or tourist seasons)

Limited natural freshwater resources (lenses, lakes)

Isolation from larger inhabited areas

Pollution (sanitation facilities, pesticides, leachate, fertilizers)

Small islands have unique features that affect the water supply

Benefits of Renewable Energy Powered Desalination

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Security of Supply: increases independence

Economic Development: facilitates the growth and deployment of economic activities

Fuel costs: reducing the cost burden of a clean and reliable water supply

Reduced imports: reduces the need for fuel or water imports

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2,000

4,000

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8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

0

50

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450

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Tou

rist

Arr

ival

s →

Rai

nfa

ll →

Rainfall Tourist arrivals

A: Renewable Energy Desalination can address a supply/demand mismatch

B: Renewable Desalination reduces fuel costs and imports

Can provide power and water Off-grid or mini-grid operation Optional back-up by energy storage or conventional diesel generator for 24h availability

The desalination process: reverse osmosis (RO) Proven technology Adopted worldwide by utilities and industry for seawater and brackish water desalination Ongoing development and demonstration of systems for grid-independent operation

An Overview of Small-Scale Solar Seawater Desalination

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Renewable Energy

Back-up GensetStorage

Electricity

RO plantPotable Water

Sea Water ≈≈≈

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

OPTIONAL

System integration and advanced control systems provide enhancements

Address seasonal demand changes with ‘PV modules’ or ‘RO trains’ capable of long-term

shut-off during low-demand seasons

Include water storage as a low-cost buffer to match water supply and demand

Enables water supply when renewable energy is unavailable

Enables diversion of renewable power to the (mini) grid without disrupting water supply

(demand response)

Electricity storage or diesel generator to ensure continued operation when renewable energy

source is not available.

System Integration Design offers enhancements

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A: Design Challenges

Discontinuous operation customized design needed

Water demand mismatch (seasonal peaks – tourism) Direct coupling with RE

Large space required for renewable energy supply system (solar PV modules)

Energy recovery for small-scale systems

Limited operational experience

B: Logistic Challenges

Availability of chemicals (pre-treatment, anti-scalant, post-treatment)

Water quality monitoring (off-site laboratory in Small Island)

C: Possibly limited availability of experienced and trained O&M personnel

Capacity building required

Typical Challenges for Renewable Desalination Plants on Small Islands

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Masdar Analysis: Estimated Water Production Cost

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Off-grid PV powered RO seawater desalination located in the Caribbean Assumptions:

Specified daily water production (m3/d) occurs during day-time only (no energy storage or diesel back-up)Costs for water storage excluded from this estimation

Masdar’s Renewable Energy Seawater Desalination Program

• The demonstration includes pilot plants located in Abu Dhabi. Each pilot plant will be operatedover 18 months.

• The plants will showcase different advanced and innovative desalination technologies: 4plants are currently under construction / commissioning

• The main objective is to demonstrate highly energy efficient desalination processes allowingfuture desalination plants to be cost-effectively powered by renewable energy sources.

• Ongoing discussions with Mascara NT to test a fully off-grid PV powered desalination pilotplant

MASCARA NTOff-grid Reverse Osmosis30 m3/d

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• Masdar is mandated to expand the UAE’s energy portfolio by advancing, commercializing and deploying future energy and clean technologies

• We operate across the industry value chain by merging higher education, R&D, investment and large-scale clean energy development

• Our holistic business model fosters innovation and commercialization of viable technologies

Academia & Research

Investment

TechnologyDeployment

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

A pioneering approach to renewable energy & technology deployment

Proposals / Areas of InterestDelivered Projects Define/Execute Projects

7

UAE

• Successfully delivered 15 projects, 38 MW capacity in 7 countries

• Ongoing execution of 13 projects / programs, 45MW capacity across 9 countries

Masdar Special Projects:PMC for small - medium scale renewable energy & clean tech projects• Project management consultancy (PMC) services for renewable energy and

cleantech projects and applications• Expertise in providing energy access to communities in remote geographies and in

challenging conditions

Project Location Type

1 Rashid Abdullah Omran Hospital Ras Al Khaimah, UAE 560kW roof PV, carpark shades PV, solar street lights

2 Samoa Wind Samoa, South Pacific 550 kW Wind Farm

3 Shk. Zayed Solar Plant Nouakchott, Mauritania 15 MW PV Plant

4 Port Victoria Wind Project Seychelles 6 MW onshore wind farm

5 Solar Roof Program Abu Dhabi, UAE Total of 2.9MW roof PV on 12 buildings

6 Um Al Zumool Farm Project Abu Dhabi, UAE 100 kW PV Plant

7 Murwah Island Project Abu Dhabi, UAE 500 kW PV Plant

8 Al Wathba Stables Project Abu Dhabi, UAE 120 kW PV Plant

9 Tonga Solar Plant Vavau Island, Tonga 500 kW PV Plant

10 Afghanistan SHS Helmand, Afghanistan 600 Solar home systems in 27 villages

11 Al Jarnain Island PV Plant Al Jarnain Island, UAE 750 kW PV Plant

12 Sea Palace Abu Dhabi, UAE 200 kW PV Plant

13 Al Ain Dewan Al Ain, UAE Lighting and Energy Efficiency

14 Concentration PV Pilot Masdar City, UAE 600 kW PV Plant

15 Egypt Solar Projects Siwa, Egypt 10 MW PV Plant

+38 MW delivered

+15 projects/programmes completed

Masdar Special Projects: Completed projects

Project Location Type Status

1 Desalination Program Abu Dhabi, UAE 4-5 highly efficient water desalination pilot plants Execution

2 Egypt Solar Projects Egypt

7,000 Solar Home Systems

Execution

Micro solar PV plants (2.2 MW total)

6 MW solar PV plants (3 No.) - Al Wadi Jadeed

14 MW solar PV plants (4No.) - Red Sea

7 MW solar PV plants (4No.) - South Sinai

3 UAE Island- Solar PV and Desalination Abu Dhabi, UAE Hybrid 200 kW PV Plant & desalination plant, 11m3/d Execution

4 Morocco SHS Morocco 17,500 Solar home systems in 950 villages Execution

5 Seychelles Solar Plant Seychelles 5 MW PV Plant Client Approval

Masdar Special Projects: Ongoing projects

Project Location Type Status

6 Tuvalu Solar Plant Tuvalu, South Pacific 500 kW PV Plant Execution

7 Kiribati Solar Plant Kiribati, South Pacific 500 kW PV Plant Execution

8 Fiji Solar Plant Fiji, South Pacific 525kW PV Plant Execution

9 Vanuatu Solar Plant Vanuatu, South Pacific 760 kW PV Plant Execution

10 Marshall Islands Solar Plant Majuro, South Pacific 600 kW PV Plant EPC Tender

11 Solomon Islands Solar Plant Honiara, South Pacific 600 kW PV Plant EPC Tender

12 Nauru Solar Plant Nauru, South Pacific 500 kW PV Plant EPC Tender

13 Palau Solar and Desalination Palau, South Pacific 200KW Solar PV Plant & 50m3 desalination Plant EPC Tender

+45 MW

+13 projects/programmes under development

Masdar Special Projects: Ongoing projects