University of Puerto RicoPhysic & Chemistry DepartmentAreciboByHirohito Torres Daz, PhD,PERenewable Energy ProgramUPR-ARECIBOSeptember 20, 2014RENEWABLE ENERGY 101

Main ObjectivesSolar CellEnergy vs. PowerEnergy AuditGrid Tie SystemOff GridBattery BackupSizing a Photovoltaic ArraySizing a Battery Backup for Off Grid SystemInverterDeep Cycle BatteryCharge Controller

How Solar Cells Work

Energy and UnitsENERGY = CAPACITY TO MAKE WORKUNITS: Newton-Meter = N-M = Joule = J => 1KJ = 1000 JCalories => 1 KiloCalories = 1 kcalBritish Thermal Unit (BTU)Kilo-Watt-Hours (KWH) => 1 KWH = 1000 WHConversion1 Kilo-Joule = 1000 J1 Mega-Joule = 1,000,000 J1 KWH = 3214 BTU

Power and UnitsPOWER = CAPACITY TO MAKE/CONSUME WORK IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIMEUNITS: Joule/second = J/s = Watts (vatios) 1 Kilo-Watt (KW) = 1000 wattsBritish Thermal Unit per unit of Time => BTU/hr, BTU/sec, BTU/minHorsepower (HP)Conversion

Porche 911 Engine = 383 KW HP = ?

More TermsVoltage: electrical potentialmeasured in Volts (V) or Mili-Volts (mVolts)Current: flow of electrons measured in Amperes (A) or mili-Apms (mAmps)Power: rate of doing work - product of current flowing at given voltage Measured in Watts (W) [equal to joules/second]Energy: Power x TimeCommonly measured in Watt-hours (Wh) or Kilo-Watt-Hour (KWH)Common prefixes: kilo(k) = 1,000 and Mega(M) = 1,000,000 Ex: 1kWh = 1,000Wh

Appliance Use Chart

appliance use chart

APPLIANCE USE CHART

ApplianceAverage WattageMonthly Hours of UseMonthly kWhApproximate Cost per Month

Kitchen

Barbecue Grill (indoor electric)13505 - 107-14$1.96-$3.92

Broiler14004 - 125-17$1.40-$4.76

Can Opener175.08 - 1.01-0.18$0.00-$0.05

Carving Knife901 - 2.1-0.2$0.03-$0.06

Coffee Maker9004 - 304-27$1.12-$7.56

Deep Fat Fryer15005 - 108-15$2.24-$4.20

Dishwasher (Electric Hot Water)13008 - 4020-102$5.60-$28.56

Dishwasher (Non-Electric Hot Water)**13008 - 403-16$0.84-$4.48

Food Blender3903 - 51-2$0.28-$0.56

Food Freezer (15 Cubic Feet)335180 - 42060-140$16.80-$39.20

Food Mixer (Hand & Table)1001 - 5.1-0.5$0.03-$0.14

Frying Pan115010 - 2012-23$3.36-$6.44

Hot Plate13202 - 63-8$0.84-$2.24

Kettle15001 - 101-15$0.28-$4.20

Microwave Oven10005 - 305-30$1.40-$8.40

Range1250010 - 50125-625$35.00-$175.00

Range (Self Cleaning Cycle Only)32000.5 - 1.52-5$0.56-$1.40

Refrigerator Freezer-Frost Free-17 Cu. Ft.500150 - 30075-150$21.00-$42.00

Refrigerator-Non Frost Free-13 Cu. Ft.300190 - 30056-90$15.68-$25.20

Toaster11501 - 3.51-4$0.28-$1.12

Toaster Oven12502 - 242.5-30$0.70-$8.40

Waffle Iron11001 - 21-2$0.28-$0.56

Appliance Use Chart

appliance use chart

APPLIANCE USE CHART

ApplianceAverage WattageMonthly Hours of UseMonthly kWhApproximate Cost per Month

Lighting

Heat Lamp (Infrared)2502 - 4.5-1$0.14-$0.28

60 Watt Incandescent Lamp6017 - 2001-12$0.28-$3.36

Compact Fluorescent-60 Watt Equivalent1817 - 200.3-3.6$0.08-$1.01

Ceiling Fixture - 3 X 60 Watt Bulbs1806 - 1952-35$0.56-$9.80

Tri-Light (Table Lamp)10010 - 2001-20$0.28-$5.60

Chandelier - 5 Lamp30010 - 1833-55$0.84-$15.40

Fluorescent - 2 Tubes X 4 Feet10010 - 2001-20$0.28-$5.60

Sun Lamp2801 - 4.28-1$0.08-$0.28

$0.00-$0.00

Bedroom & Bathroom$0.00-$0.00

Electric Blanket18030 - 905-16$1.40-$4.48

Hair Dryer (Portable)10001 - 101-10$0.28-$2.80

Heating Pad6515 - 301-2$0.28-$0.56

Shaver153 - 5.05-0.08$0.01-$0.02

Toothbrush101 - 2.01-0.02$0.00-$0.01

Water Bed Heater400150 - 30020-120$5.60-$33.60

Appliance Use Chart

appliance use chart

APPLIANCE USE CHART

ApplianceAverage WattageMonthly Hours of UseMonthly kWhApproximate Cost per Month

Laundry Room

Dryer50006 - 2830-140$8.40-$39.20

Washer (Electric Hot Water)5007 - 4033-196$9.24-$54.88

Washer (Non Electric Hot Water)5007 - 403-16$0.84-$4.48

Iron10001 - 1016-10$4.48-$2.80

Sewing Machine754 - 14.3-1$0.08-$0.28

Home Entertainment$0.00-$0.00

Computer - Monitor & Printer20025 - 1605-32$1.40-$8.96

Stereo301 - 170.03-5.1$0.01-$1.43

Television8060 - 4405-35$1.40-$9.80

Video Cassette Recorder4050 - 2001-8$0.28-$2.24

Heating and Cooling$0.00-$0.00

Air Cleaner (Room & Furnace)*40250 - 72010-29$2.80-$8.12

Air Conditioner (Room) 6000 BTU*750120 - 72090-540$25.20-$151.20

Air Conditioner (Room) 9000 BTU*1050120 - 720126-756$35.28-$211.68

Air Conditioner (Central) 2.5 Tons*3500240 - 860850-3000$238.00-$840.00

Dehumidifier350120 - 72042-252$11.76-$70.56

Electric Heater (Portable)100030 - 9030-90$8.40-$25.20

Fan (Portable)11518 - 522-6$0.56-$1.68

Furnace Fan Motor (Intermittent)350160 - 41556-145$15.68-$40.60

Furnace Fan Motor (Continuous)350720252-252$70.56-$70.56

Heat Exchange / HRV's125300 - 72037-150$10.36-$42.00

Humidifier (Portable)10080 - 5408-54$2.24-$15.12

Oil Furnace (Burner)26096 - 28825-75$7.00-$21.00

Now What???You have the total KWH per month = x?Calculate KWH/ PER DAY = X/30.5Estimate the amount of solar radiation (Hrs)Estimate the derate factor (about 77 to 85 %)Calculate the Photovoltaic Array: = (see calculation)

AVERAGE INSOLATION IN PUERTO RICO, HRS PER DAY

Sizing the Photovoltaic Array

Shadow PathFinder

AVERAGE SUN PATHS (SHADOW CALCULATION)

Simple Solar Equipment for 12 Volts System

Simple Solar Equipment for 24 Volts System

SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER INSTALLATION

Off-Grid Solar Panel

Grid/Solar Backup System with Transfer Switch

GRID-TIE SYSTEM WITH BATTERY BACKUP

GRID-TIE PV SYSTEM

PV SYSTEMS

http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/calculators/pvwatts/version1/

For a latitude up to 25 take your latitude and multiply it by 0.87For a latitude between 25 to 50 take your latitude multiply by 0.87 after that you will add 3.1 degreesFor a latitude over 50 the most ideal angle will end up being approximately 45 degreeshttp://solarpanelsphotovoltaic.net/find-best-solar-panel-angle-tilt-angle/

THE INCENTIVE FORCE WITH NO INCENTIVE: RETURN ON INVESTMENT = $ 100,000 / $ 5,379 =18.9 YEAR WITH 50 % INCENTIVE: RETURN ON INVESTMENT = $ 50,000 / $ 5,379 = 9.5 YEARWITH 100 % INCENTIVE: A quin le amarga un dulce?

SOLAR PANEL SPECs.

QUESTIONS????

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