Renal System #3 14 - Rutgers Universityadvis/700_phys_summer_PDFs/700_14_arenal3... · and hormonal...

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Renal System #3

Regulation of H and Ca ions!!Hydrogen ions and homeostatic !control, integration!Metabolic and respiratory acidosis / !alkalosis, integration!Effectors for Ca homeostasis, sites !and hormonal control !Calcium related metabolic bone !diseases, integration!

Hormonal and neural control of renal !function ! ! !!

14 The goal of these lectures is to discuss basic renal physiology. This lecture will present the regulation of H and Ca ions as well as discuss the hormonal and neural regulation of renal function. !The sections for this lecture are:!

Life is a series of chemical reactions occurring in compartmentalized environments. The main purpose of life is to keep itself alive Physiology, the study of how life works, is based on the simultaneous occurrence of the following three concepts:

levels of organization structure / function relationship homeostatic regulation

Topic #! Topic lecture! Silverthorn!

Week 1 to week 2! Topic #1! Introduction (pre-requisite material)! 1 - 5! Pre-requisite!Material!(chapter # 5)!!!lectures, recitations, office hours, review, exam1 !(chapter # 8)!

Topic #2! Membranes (pre-requisite material)!!

1 - 5!

Topic #3! Homeostasis and Signal Transduction! 6!

Topic #4! Endocrine Communication and the Endocrine System! 7!

Topic #5! Neural Communication and the Sensory System! 8 - 11!

Topic #6! Muscle, Muscle Contraction and their Regulation! 12 - 13!

REVIEW #1 material from topic #01 – #06 !EXAM #1 material from topic #01 – #06 (33%)!!

1 - 13!1 - 13!

Week 3 to week 4! Topic #7! Basic Physiology of the Cardiovascular System! 14 - 17! lectures, recitations, review, exam2!(chapter # 7) !

Topic #8! Basic Physiology of the Respiratory System! 18!

Topic #9! Basic Physiology of the Renal System! 19 - 20!


1 - 20!1 - 20!

Week 5 to week 6! Topic #10! Basic Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System! 21 ! lectures, recitations, review, exam3!(chapter # 6)!

Topic #11! Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Exercise! 23 - 25!

Topic #12! From Sexual Differentiation to Adult Reproduction! 26!


1 - 26!1 - 26!!

Course Outline

(all tests are cumulative)

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levels of organization!

structure!- function!

homeostatic!regulation!

Renal System (“physiology”)

integrators compare what it should be with what it actually is and generate an error signal!

central integration center

afferent efferent

negative feedback signal

Homeostatic !Control !

receptor effector S

∑

E

Renal System (“the circle”)

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BLOOD

BLOOD

URINE

valves FF GFR

systemic blood

pressure

extrinsic control

GLOM PCT HL JGA/MD DCT CD

1 reabsorption / secretion 2 concentration

1 2 3 4 5

autoregulation ALD ADH

3 sensors 4 solute rectifier 5 water rectifier

Renal System (“overview”)

receptor S

∑

E

Introduction (lecture #12)!

Nephron structure and functions!

Filtration, reabsorption and secretion!

Clearance (inulin, glucose, PAH, creatinin)!

Micturition, control of bladder input / output sphincters!

!

Basic renal regulation (lecture #13)!

Balance of Na / H2O and countercurrent mechanism!

Renal Na / K regulation, aldosterone and the RA system!

Renal H2O regulation, baro / osmo receptors and AVP!

Diabetes (mellitus vs insipidus), diuretics, renal disease (lecture #13)!

Regulation of hydrogen ions and calcium ions (lecture #14)!

Hydrogen ions and homeostatic control, integration!Metabolic and respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, integration!Effectors for Ca homeostasis, sites & hormonal control !Calcium related signal transduction, bone diseases, integration!

!

Hormonal and neural control of renal function (lecture #14)!

Renal System (“lectures”)

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Renal System (“H”)

Hydrogen ions and homeostatic control, integration!

!Metabolic and respiratory

acidosis/alkalosis, integration!

!Effectors for Ca

homeostasis, sites & hormonal control !

!Calcium related signal

transduction, bone diseases, integration!

Regulation (“H”)

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“H / the circle”)

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“H / acidosis”)

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!Effectors for Ca





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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“H / Hb”)

(from the respiration lectures)!

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“H / Hb”)





!Effectors for Ca





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BLOOD PLASMA

TUBULAR EPITHELIUM

TUBULAR URINE

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BLOOD PLASMA

TUBULAR EPITHELIUM

TUBULAR URINE




!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“H / HCO3”)

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“integration”)

7.4

24

7.2 7.6

1

2 3

4

60 mmHg 40

mmHg

20 mmHg

PCO2

HCO3

pH

1, respiratory acidosis 2, respiratory alkalosis 3, metabolic acidosis 4, metabolic alkalosis

pH = pK + log HCO3 PCO2


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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“integration”)

7.4

24

7.2 7.6

1

2 3

4

60 mmHg 40

mmHg

20 mmHg

PCO2

HCO3

pH

1, respiratory acidosis 2, respiratory alkalosis 3, metabolic acidosis 4, metabolic alkalosis

pH = pK + log HCO3 PCO2

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Regulation (“acidosis / alkalosis”)

In acidosis In alkalosis

In acidosis In alkalosis

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“acidosis / alkalosis”)




!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“Ca”)

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“Ca”)

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Regulation (“Ca / VitD”) Hydrogen ions and

homeostatic control, integration!



!Effectors for Ca







!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“Ca / VitD / PTH”)

blood Ca

bone

kidney

intestine

PTH

calcitonin PTH calcitonin

calcitonin

Vit. D

PTH increases blood Ca and Calcitonin decreases it

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!Effectors for Ca




Regulation (“Ca / VitD / PTH”)

receptor parathyroid gland PTH

PTHr Gs / AC Gq / PLC

bone resorption, osteoclast kidney, Ca reabsorption, Vit. D

intestine, Ca absorption

Calcitonin thyroid gland

receptor

Calcitonin r Gs / AC bone formation, osteoblast

kidney, Ca filtration intestine, Ca secretion

blood Ca decrease

blood Ca increase

PTH increases blood Ca and Calcitonin decreases it

Control of renal function (“integration”)

BLOOD

BLOOD

URINE

valves FF GFR

systemic blood

pressure

extrinsic control

GLOM PCT HL JGA/MD DCT CD

1 reabsorption / secretion 2 concentration

1 2 3 4 5

autoregulation ALD ADH

3 sensors 4 solute rectifier 5 water rectifier

Mechanism of action!Renin is a protein!Angiotensin is a peptide!Aldosterone is a steroid!ANP = ANF is a peptide!Sympathetic ANS!AVP = ADH is a peptide!

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increase osmolarity

decrease BP

increase osmolarity

receptor S

∑

E

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decrease BP

receptor S

∑

E

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Renal System #3 14 - Rutgers Universityadvis/700_phys_summer_PDFs/700_14_arenal3... · and hormonal...

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Transcript of Renal System #3 14 - Rutgers Universityadvis/700_phys_summer_PDFs/700_14_arenal3... · and hormonal...