Renaissance and Reformation. Renaissance (1350-1600) Started in Italy Started in Italy Renaissance...

RenaissanceRenaissanceand Reformationand Reformation

Renaissance (1350-1600)Renaissance (1350-1600) Started in ItalyStarted in Italy Renaissance was a “Rebirth” of Renaissance was a “Rebirth” of

European cultureEuropean cultureRebirthRebirth

Works of the classical civilizations Works of the classical civilizations (Greeks and Romans) served as (Greeks and Romans) served as inspirationinspiration

RecoveryRecovery The plagueThe plague Political instability from the decline in Political instability from the decline in

Church powerChurch power

Ideas of the RenaissanceIdeas of the Renaissance HumanismHumanism

– Renaissance thinkers Renaissance thinkers celebrated human celebrated human achievements and achievements and focused on individual focused on individual worthworth

– Petrarch “Father of Petrarch “Father of HumanismHumanism

– ““Humanities”- literature, Humanities”- literature, philosophy, history, philosophy, history, grammargrammar

Ideas of the RenaissanceIdeas of the RenaissanceSecularismSecularism Thinkers used observation to explain the Thinkers used observation to explain the

world, rather than church teachingsworld, rather than church teachings– Church lost power → life no longer revolves Church lost power → life no longer revolves

around religionaround religion– Focus on more “worldly” goods and ideas, Focus on more “worldly” goods and ideas,

materialismmaterialism– No more “noble poverty”… the richer the No more “noble poverty”… the richer the

better!better!– Black Death → New views on life… “Live it Black Death → New views on life… “Live it

up!”up!”

Renaissance IdeasRenaissance Ideas

Johann Gutenberg ‘s invention of Johann Gutenberg ‘s invention of moveable type (printing press) moveable type (printing press) makes it easier to reproduce booksmakes it easier to reproduce books

– Rapid spread of ideasRapid spread of ideas– Books available to ordinary citizensBooks available to ordinary citizens– 1455- Gutenberg Bible is the first 1455- Gutenberg Bible is the first

printed bookprinted book– http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=s0R1j7ine54v=s0R1j7ine54

Economic RenaissanceEconomic Renaissance

Revival of Trade increases wealthRevival of Trade increases wealth Social mobilitySocial mobility

– Now you can move up the chain! Now you can move up the chain! (Unlike feudalism)(Unlike feudalism)

Rise of the middle classRise of the middle class– Peasants made $$ off of trade → New Peasants made $$ off of trade → New

middle classmiddle class

Political RenaissancePolitical Renaissance

Rise of Powerful statesRise of Powerful states Niccolo’ Machiavelli wrote the Niccolo’ Machiavelli wrote the

PrincePrince

--guidebook for rulers to secure and --guidebook for rulers to secure and maintain powermaintain power

--”the ends justifies the means”--”the ends justifies the means”

Intellectual Intellectual RenaissanceRenaissance

CopernicusCopernicus

--Sun was center of the universe not earth--Sun was center of the universe not earth

Ptolemaic-geocentricPtolemaic-geocentric Copernicus--Copernicus--HeliocentricHeliocentric

Intellectual RenaissanceIntellectual Renaissance GalileoGalileo

– Studied motion and law of the pendulumStudied motion and law of the pendulum– Laid the foundation for modern Laid the foundation for modern

physics and supported Copernicusphysics and supported Copernicus– Tried by the Catholic Inquisition in 1632 Tried by the Catholic Inquisition in 1632

for supporting Copernicus’ viewfor supporting Copernicus’ view

Impact of the RenaissanceImpact of the Renaissance Renaissance artists, architects, Renaissance artists, architects,

scholars, and writers created a scholars, and writers created a legacy of achievement that still legacy of achievement that still influences us todayinfluences us today

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoCBNPVDZCIv=zoCBNPVDZCI

Artistic Impact: Painting and Artistic Impact: Painting and SculptureSculpture

Painting and sculpture became Painting and sculpture became more realisticmore realistic

Artists Like Leonardo DaVinci Artists Like Leonardo DaVinci and Michelangeloand Michelangelo

Artistic Impact: Literature and Artistic Impact: Literature and ArchitectureArchitecture

Literature and architecture Literature and architecture borrowed from classical styles, borrowed from classical styles, used vernacularused vernacular

Brunelleschi and Shakespeare Brunelleschi and Shakespeare

RenaissanceRenaissanceReligious Impact

Intellectual impact

Political Impact

Economic Impact

Characteristics of Renaissance Characteristics of Renaissance ArtArt

Giotto--RealismGiotto--Realism• Scenes with figures Scenes with figures

in lifelike spacein lifelike space• Given realistic Given realistic

emotions and emotions and gesturesgestures

Announcement of the Angel to Saint Anne


Masaccio--Masaccio--PerspectivePerspective

-bringing 3D to -bringing 3D to

2D 2D

--many lines --many lines

meeting a onemeeting a one

central pointcentral point

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

The Trinity

Masaccio

1427


Leonardo Da Vinci--Geometrical Leonardo Da Vinci--Geometrical arrangementarrangement

The Last Supper

Da Vinci

1498


Leonardo Da Vinci-- (chiaroscuro)Leonardo Da Vinci-- (chiaroscuro)-Light and shadows-Light and shadows-Softening (makes individual stand out -Softening (makes individual stand out

and seem more human)and seem more human)


Michelangelo--FrescoMichelangelo--Fresco• Realistic sculpture and Realistic sculpture and

FrescosFrescos

Pieta

Sistine Chapel

--hard lines--hard lines

--cartoonish figures--cartoonish figures

--positive religious --positive religious feelfeel

--not overly colorful--not overly colorful

--flat (no dimensions)--flat (no dimensions)

http://http://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/

watch?watch?v=_9PDK3iHigcv=_9PDK3iHigc

Medieval Medieval ArtArt

Medieval or Renaissance?Medieval or Renaissance?

MedievalMedieval ““Madonna and Child Madonna and Child

before a Fireplace” before a Fireplace” by Campinby Campin

Cartoonish, Cartoonish, unrealistic people unrealistic people figuresfigures

Positive portrayal of Positive portrayal of religionreligion

Hard linesHard lines

Medieval Medieval The Last Judgment The Last Judgment Flat (no depth)Flat (no depth) Hard linesHard lines DarkDark

RenaissanceRenaissance St. Peter’s Basilica, St. Peter’s Basilica,

Buonarroti, Buonarroti, constructed 1506-constructed 1506-16261626

Greek and Roman Greek and Roman influence influence (Columns, domes)(Columns, domes)

SymmetrySymmetry More horizontal More horizontal

than verticalthan vertical

RenaissanceRenaissance Creation of Adam Creation of Adam

by Michelangelo, by Michelangelo, 15101510

Attention to detailAttention to detail Realistic portrayal Realistic portrayal

of the human formof the human form Shows God as Shows God as

human-likehuman-like Use of lightUse of light

MedievalMedieval Notre Dame de Notre Dame de

Paris, Constructed Paris, Constructed 1163-13451163-1345

Stained glass with Stained glass with religious imagesreligious images

Flying buttressesFlying buttresses More vertical More vertical

orientation than orientation than horizontalhorizontal

RenaissanceRenaissance School of Athens, School of Athens,

Raphael, 1510Raphael, 1510 LightLight Use of perspective Use of perspective

(looks almost 3D)(looks almost 3D) Realistic peopleRealistic people Contains images of Contains images of

Plato, Socrates, and Plato, Socrates, and other classical other classical thinkers, in homage thinkers, in homage to the Greek and to the Greek and Roman civilizationsRoman civilizations

Thesis PracticeThesis Practice Was the Renaissance merely a Was the Renaissance merely a

continuation of Greek and Roman continuation of Greek and Roman ideas or a new intellectual ideas or a new intellectual movement altogether?movement altogether?

--your thesis must start with --your thesis must start with Although, While or DespiteAlthough, While or Despite

--be ready to trade and peer edit--be ready to trade and peer edit

Movie AssignmentMovie Assignment On a sheet of paper summarize the On a sheet of paper summarize the

Renaissance time period in a 5 sentence Renaissance time period in a 5 sentence paragraph and include the following paragraph and include the following informationinformation

--tell me why the Renaissance was an --tell me why the Renaissance was an important time period in historyimportant time period in history

--tell me about the three artists in the --tell me about the three artists in the video and one work of art for eachvideo and one work of art for each

--tell me which artist (in you opinion) was --tell me which artist (in you opinion) was the most important to the renaissance the most important to the renaissance and why?and why?

Protestant Protestant ReformationReformation

Reformation- The act of Reformation- The act of forming anew (Webster’s forming anew (Webster’s

Dictionary)Dictionary)

Spirit of Inquiry of the Renaissance, and Spirit of Inquiry of the Renaissance, and corruption of the Church led to new corruption of the Church led to new challenges to Pope’s authoritychallenges to Pope’s authority

Church activitiesChurch activities– Greed and corruptionGreed and corruption

1/3 of the land in Europe was owned by 1/3 of the land in Europe was owned by the Churchthe Church

Church officials becoming very wealthyChurch officials becoming very wealthy Pope acting as ruler not spiritual leaderPope acting as ruler not spiritual leader

– IndulgencesIndulgences ““Buy your way out of your sins”Buy your way out of your sins”

Causes of the Protestant Causes of the Protestant Reformation…Reformation…

Luther and his ideasLuther and his ideas Martin Luther Martin Luther

launched the launched the Protestant Protestant Reformation when Reformation when he posted his 95 he posted his 95 Theses in 1517Theses in 1517

--criticized the --criticized the Church’s sale of Church’s sale of indulgencesindulgences

Luther and his ideasLuther and his ideas Luther began to directly challenge the Luther began to directly challenge the

authority of the popeauthority of the pope

--encouraged lay people to read the Bible and --encouraged lay people to read the Bible and interpret it for themselvesinterpret it for themselves

--Only faith, not good works, would get one into --Only faith, not good works, would get one into heavenheaven

Edict of Worms (ruling)- Luther and his teachings Edict of Worms (ruling)- Luther and his teachings outlawedoutlawed

Reformers became known as ProtestantsReformers became known as Protestants Peace of Augsburg- allowed ruler of each state Peace of Augsburg- allowed ruler of each state

(NOT each person) to choose between Catholicism (NOT each person) to choose between Catholicism and Protestantismand Protestantism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4TeJJmQJqUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4TeJJmQJqU

Lutheran ChurchLutheran ChurchLuther forever shatters Luther forever shatters

unity of Catholic unity of Catholic Church by breaking Church by breaking awayaway

--Forms Lutheran Church--Forms Lutheran Church

----believe in salvation by believe in salvation by faith alonefaith alone

--Kept only sacraments of --Kept only sacraments of baptism and communionbaptism and communion

Later ReformersLater Reformers John Calvin John Calvin

– focused on predestination, the idea that God focused on predestination, the idea that God would decide who is going to Heaven after would decide who is going to Heaven after deathdeath

– Emphasis on moral purityEmphasis on moral purity Consistory- an oversight committee of sortsConsistory- an oversight committee of sorts

King Henry VIII forms the Church of England King Henry VIII forms the Church of England wanted an annulment from Catherine, but the wanted an annulment from Catherine, but the

Catholic Church would not grant itCatholic Church would not grant it Act of Supremacy- established Church of England Act of Supremacy- established Church of England

and its supremacy over any other Churchand its supremacy over any other Church

The Catholic Counter-The Catholic Counter-ReformationReformation

The Catholic Church fought The Catholic Church fought back against the rise of back against the rise of Protestantism.Protestantism.

Council of Trent—ended the Council of Trent—ended the sale of indulgences, sale of indulgences, introduced Church reforms, introduced Church reforms, began a Church ban of certain began a Church ban of certain books.books.

Inquisition—Tried and Inquisition—Tried and executed persons who were executed persons who were suspected of committing suspected of committing heresy (non-Catholic beliefs)heresy (non-Catholic beliefs)

Jesuits—new catholic orderJesuits—new catholic order Catholic rulers join with Pope Catholic rulers join with Pope

in fighting Protestantismin fighting Protestantism

Effects of Protestant ReformationEffects of Protestant Reformation

Centuries of Centuries of religious wars religious wars between Catholics between Catholics and Protestantsand Protestants

Europe became Europe became divided between divided between Catholic countries Catholic countries and Protestant and Protestant countries (NW countries (NW Europe)Europe)

Effects of Protestant Effects of Protestant ReformationReformation

Speeded economic growth in Speeded economic growth in Northern EuropeNorthern Europe

Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance and Reformation strengthened the authority and strengthened the authority and power of secular powerspower of secular powers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9PDK3iHigcv=_9PDK3iHigc

Describe at least two causes Describe at least two causes and effects of the and effects of the

ReformationReformationCausesCauses EffectsEffects

Renaissance cause/effect or Reformation Renaissance cause/effect or Reformation cause/effectcause/effect

1. 1. growing prosperity of merchantsgrowing prosperity of merchants

2. rulers defy pope and become protestant2. rulers defy pope and become protestant

3. political, social, and artistic theories spread3. political, social, and artistic theories spread

4. Selling of indulgences4. Selling of indulgences

5. printing press and the spread of learning5. printing press and the spread of learning

6. merchants sponsor artists and pay to beautify cities6. merchants sponsor artists and pay to beautify cities

7. individuals interpret bible for themselves7. individuals interpret bible for themselves

8. art celebrates individual and personal expression8. art celebrates individual and personal expression

9. rulers sponsor artists and philosophers9. rulers sponsor artists and philosophers

10. Luther’s 95 theses10. Luther’s 95 theses

11. Christian Humanism11. Christian Humanism

12. growing emphasis on the individual12. growing emphasis on the individual

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