Renaissance Renaissance

1300-16001300-1600 Causes?Causes?

Plague/Constant War and lack of enjoyment Plague/Constant War and lack of enjoyment of life. of life.

Decline of Church’s Decline of Church’s politicalpolitical influence influence Move Move toto urban areas urban areas

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

RebirthRebirth of classical of classical societies in Italysocieties in Italy

Urban and secularUrban and secular HumanismHumanism, the , the

potentialpotential of human of human beingsbeings

Italy and Urban GrowthItaly and Urban Growth

Italy unaffected by Hundred Years WarItaly unaffected by Hundred Years War Large independent/merchant city-states Large independent/merchant city-states

in N. Italy bc of Crusadesin N. Italy bc of Crusades Urban, ideas spreadUrban, ideas spread Interest in Roman and Greek Interest in Roman and Greek

history/accomplishmentshistory/accomplishments

Italian City StatesItalian City States

Milan, Venice and Milan, Venice and Florence were the Florence were the most influential most influential because of what? because of what?

Why was their Why was their location critical to location critical to their success? their success?

ReviewReview

The Renaissance The Renaissance was characterized was characterized by:by: Urban/Secular Urban/Secular Recovery from 1300’sRecovery from 1300’s HumanismHumanism

FlorenceFlorence

Cultural center of Cultural center of RenaissanceRenaissance

The Medici ruled and were The Medici ruled and were patronspatrons of the arts. of the arts.

Political power was a Political power was a newfound pastime in Italynewfound pastime in Italy

Italian Wars 1494-1530’sItalian Wars 1494-1530’s

Wealth eventually led to Wealth eventually led to war between Italians, war between Italians, Spanish, and French for Spanish, and French for control of trade. control of trade.

Led to spread of Led to spread of Renaissance ideas Renaissance ideas northwards. northwards.

MachiavelliMachiavelli

Wrote “The Prince” which discussed new Wrote “The Prince” which discussed new political dealings. political dealings.

For the sake of society the Prince must make For the sake of society the Prince must make hard, amoral decisions. Lack of Church hard, amoral decisions. Lack of Church influence.influence.

Huge influence on following leaders and set Huge influence on following leaders and set tone for new nobilitytone for new nobility Increased power, military obligations, become Increased power, military obligations, become

LEARNEDLEARNED

Classical ValuesClassical Values

How is this different than the MA’s? How is this different than the MA’s? Humanism-human achievements/potentialHumanism-human achievements/potential Education in which areas?Education in which areas?

History, philosophy, grammar, math, etc.History, philosophy, grammar, math, etc. Liberal Studies allowed people to reach full Liberal Studies allowed people to reach full

intellectual/human potential. “Virtue and Wisdom”intellectual/human potential. “Virtue and Wisdom”

Use of vernacular- Use of vernacular- Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales by by Chaucer was 1Chaucer was 1stst example. example.

Art in the RenaissanceArt in the Renaissance

Looked to capture human Looked to capture human potential (realism)potential (realism)

Two areas of concentration: Two areas of concentration: Perspective/light, and Perspective/light, and anatomy. anatomy. Why such attention Why such attention to detail?to detail?

New Religious (Contemporary)New Religious (Contemporary) Ex: fresco by MasaccioEx: fresco by Masaccio

Middle Ages ExamplesMiddle Ages Examples

PerspectivePerspective

Rediscovered the technique (3D)Rediscovered the technique (3D) Parallel lines stretch to a point on the Parallel lines stretch to a point on the

horizon where they meet. horizon where they meet.

ArtArt Religious tactics/topics Religious tactics/topics

incorporated with realismincorporated with realism Portraits, human bodyPortraits, human body David by DonatelloDavid by Donatello

High Renaissance (1490-High Renaissance (1490-1520) Masters1520) Masters

During this time, unbelievable During this time, unbelievable accomplishments were reached by accomplishments were reached by Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo. These three greats were all in the same These three greats were all in the same cities at the same time competing against cities at the same time competing against each other. each other.

Michelangelo Michelangelo

Painter, sculptor, Painter, sculptor, architect, poet etc. architect, poet etc.

Designed dome St. Designed dome St. Peter’sPeter’s

Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel David/detail on David/detail on

sculpturesculpture

Leonardo Da VinciLeonardo Da Vinci

Renaissance manRenaissance man Mona Lisa and Last SupperMona Lisa and Last Supper

RaphaelRaphael

Influenced by Leonardo/MichelangeloInfluenced by Leonardo/Michelangelo Worked in Rome for PopeWorked in Rome for Pope School of AthensSchool of Athens Realism is his trademarkRealism is his trademark

13.2 Northern 13.2 Northern RenaissanceRenaissance

Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance

Diffusion w/trade, war, and travelDiffusion w/trade, war, and travel Religious Religious What helped spread new ideas?What helped spread new ideas?

Printing PressPrinting Press

SPREAD NEW IDEAS TO MORE SPREAD NEW IDEAS TO MORE PEOPLEPEOPLE

Johann Gutenberg 1440 invents movable Johann Gutenberg 1440 invents movable type.type.

Gutenberg Bible 1455 (1Gutenberg Bible 1455 (1stst)) Everyday people/vernacularEveryday people/vernacular Religious implications?Religious implications?

FlandersFlanders

Artistic center of Artistic center of Northern EuropeNorthern Europe

Oil Based PaintsOil Based Paints Pieter Bruegel at Pieter Bruegel at

height of Flemish height of Flemish paintingpainting

different than Italiandifferent than Italian

Spread of ArtSpread of Art

High Ren. In north coincides with the High Ren. In north coincides with the South mainly due to:South mainly due to:

Albrecht Durer Albrecht Durer Highly influential in Highly influential in

GermanyGermany

Christian HumanistsChristian Humanists

Desiderius Erasmus from HollandDesiderius Erasmus from Holland

- “The Praise of Folly”- “The Praise of Folly”

-Christianity of heart and critical of -Christianity of heart and critical of church corruption. church corruption.

-Bible study to improve society-Bible study to improve society

--scorned those whoscorned those who…“Don’t want the holy scriptures to …“Don’t want the holy scriptures to be read in translation by the unlearned…as if the chief be read in translation by the unlearned…as if the chief strength of the Christian religion lay in people’s strength of the Christian religion lay in people’s ignorance of it.”ignorance of it.”

Humanist ActionHumanist Action

Thomas More from Thomas More from EnglandEngland

UtopiaUtopia (“No place”) (“No place”) social commentarysocial commentary

IMPROVE SOCIETYIMPROVE SOCIETY Stressed education Stressed education

and classical learning and classical learning to bring about moral to bring about moral and religious reform.and religious reform.

ShakespeareShakespeare

1564 Stratford-upon-Avon1564 Stratford-upon-Avon Human flaws in most playsHuman flaws in most plays ClassicsClassics ““What a piece of work is a man, how noble in What a piece of work is a man, how noble in

reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving, how express and admirable in action, moving, how express and admirable in action, how like an angel in apprehension, how like a how like an angel in apprehension, how like a god!” Hamletgod!” Hamlet