REPORT OF GROUP2REPORT OF GROUP2 Hannah Joy BatislaonHannah Joy Batislaon Reina Grace LutcheReina Grace Lutche Jessa AguirreJessa Aguirre Charisen Kate MasagcaCharisen Kate Masagca Roweshine TomultoRoweshine Tomulto Halier RubricoHalier Rubrico Richel Mae DumpaRichel Mae Dumpa Kaye Alyssa DiazKaye Alyssa Diaz Evelyn BaccayEvelyn Baccay Kenneth RangasKenneth Rangas

PRESENTATION IN SOCIOLOGY6

(Classicism & Greco-Roman Tradition; and

Medieval Period)

CLASSICISM AND GRECO-ROMAN

TRADITION

SCULPTURE AND PAINTING• Painting and sculpture are marked

by their renewal of classical forms, motifs and subjects.

• In the 15th century Leon Battista Alberti was important in theorizing many of the ideas for painting that came to a fully realised product with Raphael's School of Athens.

• Nicolas Poussin and Charles Le Brun represented more rigid Classicism.

• Later Classicism in painting and sculpture from the mid-18th and 19th centuries is generally referred to a Neoclassicism.

SCULPTURE• Traditional Roman sculpture is divided into

five categories: portraiture, historical relief, funerary relief, sarcophagi, and copies of ancient Greek works.

• Romans were nearly unique in the mixtures of materials (e.g. marble and porphyry) used both for painting and sculptures.

Roman Sculpture

Zeus Antinous Mondragone

from the Mondragone villa in Frascati

PAINTING

• Roman painting provides a wide variety of themes: animals, still life, scenes from everyday life, portraits, and some mythological subjects.

• It evoked the pleasures of the countryside and represented scenes of shepherds, herds, rustic temples, rural mountainous landscapes and country houses.

• Paintings which showed triumphal entries after military victories, represented episodes from the war, and conquered regions and cities were also developed in this period.

• Roman paintings had been influenced by Greek paintings.

The Inspiration of

a Poet

a woman with a ringlet hairstyle

ARCHITECTURE• It places emphasis on symmetry, proportion,

geometry and the regularity of parts.• Orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters

and lintels, as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, niches and aedicules replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings.

• Roman architecture was stylistically influenced by the Greeks.

• Roman design embraced both function and visual appeal.

• This style quickly spread to other Italian cities and elsewhere.

• Roman architecture is legendary for the durability of its construction

Aqueduct of

Segovia

Palladios Villa Rotonda

MUSIC• The Classical period falls

between the Baroque and the Romantic periods

•  Festivals, rituals, parties, work, games, theatre, and war were all accompanied by music.

• Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. It is mainly homophonic.

•  Variety of keys, melodies, rhythms and dynamics (using crescendo, diminuendo and sforzando), along with frequent changes of mood and timbre were more commonplace in the Classical period.

• Melodies tended to be shorter than those of Baroque music.

INSTRUMENTS

• Stringed instruments included harps, lyres, kithara, and barbitoi.

• Of the wind instruments, the aulos--a reed flute often played in pairs--was the most common, while various other reeded and nonreeded flutes and whistles were known.

• The panpipe was a collection of pipes of descending length bound together.

• Horns and trumpets of various kinds are known, often used for hunting and in military contexts.

• Percussion instruments included drums, tambourines, cymbals, and castanets.

• Singing was probably the most common form of musical activity.

THEATER•  A theatrical culture that

flourished in ancient Greece between c. 550 and c. 220 BC.

• Tragedy (late 6th century BC), comedy (486 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there.

• Theatrical masks were elements in worship during that period.

• The masks were made of organic materials and not considered permanent objects, ultimately being dedicated to the altar of Dionysus after performances.

MEDIEVAL PERIOD

INTRODUCTION• The Middle Ages (adjectival

form: medieval) is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century.

• It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern.

• The term "Middle Ages" first appears in Latin in the 15th century and reflects the view that this period was a deviation from the path of classical learning, a path supposedly reconnected by Renaissance scholarship.

MEDIEVAL ART• Christianity is the root of all medieval art. For three

centuries, Christianity was in the shadows of Rome.• Art historians attempt to classify Medieval Art into

major periods and styles, often with some difficulty.• A generally accepted scheme includes Early

Christian art, Migration Period art, Byzantine art, Insular art, Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque art, and Gothic art, as well as many other periods within these central styles.

• Medieval art was produced in many media, and the works that remain in large numbers include sculpture, illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, metalwork and mosaics.

SCULPTURE

•  Medieval sculpture was used to tell the biblical stories to illiterate villagers.

• Romanesque cathedrals feature mainly relief carvings.

• The head was the chief symbolic part of the body for Western culture in the Middle Ages, from the waning days of the Roman empire to the Renaissance.

Head of Christ

Medieval sculpture on the wall of cathedral

Notre-Dame

a Giselbertus relief of the flight in typical Romanesque style

Pythagoras as a musician

Saint John the Baptist

Architecture: Romanesque Church

• Size of nave enlarged to accommodate pilgrims, commonplace in Early Middle Ages.

• Salient features: rounded arches, thick walls, large towers, and decorative arcading.

• Eastern part of the church are enlarged for chapels where small parties could worship undisturbed.

• Romanesque cathedrals tended to be small.

The five towers of the Notre Dame

A Romanesque style cathedral

Architecture: Gothic Cathedrals

• They were abstract, symbolic, and expressive linearity.

• Colorful and highly decorative.• The rounded arch was replaced by the pointed

arch.• The ribbed vault appears at the ceiling of the

church.• They involved the extensive use of stained glass

windows.• Lighting was another feature of Gothic churches.

Cathedral of Reims

Inside view of the Basilica dei santi Giovanni e Paolo

Castles were a prominent feature of the medieval period.

MEDIEVAL MUSIC

• Medieval music is Western music written during the Middle Ages. This era begins with the fall of the Roman Empire and ends sometime in the early fifteenth century.

• Medieval music was both sacred and secular.• Medieval music was an integral part of everyday life

for the people of that time period. Music of the Middle Ages was especially popular during times of celebration and festivities.

• Chant (or plainsong) is a monophonic sacred form which represents the earliest known music of the Christian church.

Medieval Music• The music is called the Parisian school, or Parisian

organum, and represents the beginning of what is conventionally known as Ars antiqua.

• Rhythmic notation first appeared in western music.• One of the most important musical forms of the high

Middle Ages and Renaissance is the motet.• The music of the troubadours and trouvères was a

vernacular tradition of monophonic secular song, probably accompanied by instruments, sung by professional, occasionally itinerant, musicians who were as skilled as poets as they were singers and instrumentalists.

• The language of the troubadours was Occitan (also known as the langue d'oc, or Provençal); the language of the trouvères was Old French (also known as langue d'oil).

Instruments• Instruments used to perform medieval music still

exist, but in different forms.• The flute was once made of wood rather

than silver or other metal, and could be made as a side-blown or end-blown instrument.

• The recorder has more or less retained its past form.• The pan flute, was popular in medieval times. This

instrument's pipes were made of wood, and were graduated in length to produce different pitches.

• Medieval music uses many plucked string instruments like the lute, mandore, gittern and psaltery.

Genres

• The earliest innovations upon monophonic plain chant were heterophonic.

• During the earlier medieval period, the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic.

• Polyphonic genres began to develop during the high medieval era.

• The Italian secular genre of the Madrigal also became popular. Similar to the polyphonic character of the motet, Madrigals featured greater fluidity and motion in the leading line.

MEDIEVAL THEATER•  Roman Catholic Church banned

theatrical performances.• Very little is known about

secular drama during the early medieval time.

• One of the most famous of the secular plays is the musical "Le Jeu de Robin et Marion", written by Adam de la Halle.

• The plays were performed in the middle of the street.

• As time passed the plays became more secular and refined.

• Permanent theatres were allowed for more sophisticated staging and storytelling.

MEDIEVAL PAINTING

• During the Middle Ages, European artists painted in a way that emphasized religious images and symbolism rather than realism.

• Most paintings depicted scenes holy figures and people important in the Christian religion.

Mary of Magdala

Crucifixion painting from

the Last Crusade

the Santa Trinita Madonna

MARAMING SALAMAT