Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water using Nanomaterials

8/19/2019 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water using Nanomaterials

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Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

from Waste Water using

Nanomaterials

Prepared by - Aditi Zala

Guided by - Ms Naina Tailramani


2/12

INTR!"#$TI!N

High demand of water due to increase in population

High amount of wastewater is generated

The wastewater contains micro-organisms, organics, heavy metals andtoxicants. Most persistent pollutants in wastewater are Heavy Metals.

Heavy Metals are natural elements of earth’s crust with an atomic density

greater than 5 g/cm .e.g. lead, mercury, arsenic etc .

They are non-!iodegrada!le and toxic in nature and must !e removed !y

treatment.

Heavy

metal

Ma%or &our'es To(i'ities M$)

*mg+),

Arseni' Pesti'ides fungi'ide metal

smelters

&.in manifestations vis'eral 'an'ers vas'ular

disease

/0/1/

$admium Welding ele'troplating $d

Ni battery Nu'lear fission

plants

2idney damage renal disorder uman 'ar'inogen /0/3

)ead Paint smo.ing automobile

emission mining burning of

'oal

"amage te fetal brain diseases of te .idneys

'ir'ulatory system and nervous system

/0//4

Mer'ury Pesti'ides battery paper

industry

Reumatoid artritis and diseases of te .idneys

'ir'ulatory system and nervous system

/0////5

Table 6 "ome of the Heavy metals , their sources, effects and maximum conc level. #M$%&

M.'. (ara)at. *ew trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, 'ra!ian +ournal of $hemistry #& , 0122


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R7M!8A) !9 H7A8: M7TA)&

$onventional Techni3ues4

recipitation

6lotation

7on 8xchange

8lectrocoagulation

'dsorption

'dsorption is widely used for the removal of metals !ecause of its simplicity,

cost effectiveness and efficiency.

'mong various adsor!ents, the *anoparticles used nowadays are the most

efficient adsor!ents

http4//www.iwawaterwi)i.org/xwi)i/!in/view/'rticles/9emovalTechnologiesin:astewaterTreatment


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NAN!PARTI$)7& 9!R R7M!8A)

The most common adsor!ent #nowadays& are nanoparticles .

*anoparticles are particles with si;e less than nm.

The advantages of using nanoparticles as adsor!ent are-

High surface area in low volume

Magnetic characteristics

%ow cost

8ffective contaminant removal even at low concentrations

%ess waste generation post-treatment

Xiangtao Wang, Yifei Guo1, Li Yang, Meihua Han, Jing Zhao and Xiaoliang Cheng. Nanomaterials as Sorents to !emo"e Hea"#Metal $ons in Waste%ater &reatment. 'n"ironmental ( )nal#ti*al &o+i*olog# -1-/.


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NAN! M7TA) !;I"7 A"&!R


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MAGN7TI$ NAN! PARTI$)7&

M* or iron o+ide nano0arti*les or so called superparamagnetic nano particles, lose permanent magnetic moments while responding to an external

magnetic field, which allows easy separation and recovery !y a low-gradientmagnetic field.

They can either !e used directly or can !e chelated with some functional

group with M* as the core.

A"&!RPTI!N M7$HANI&M $onsider an e(ample of adsorption me'anism of $u*II, ions on amino-

fun'tionali=ed magneti' nanoparti'les * *HBM*,6

6rom the results o!tained from various experiments performed, the adsorption

mechanism on *HBM* can !e attri!uted to4

chemical adsorption #surface complexation& from thermodynamics point of view.

ion exchange according to 'ctivation energy analysis.

$om!ining the two results, it is possi!le to presume that the adsorption

mechanism of $u#77& on *HBM* is more li)ely to !e a com!ined ion

exchangeBsurface complexation.

•Caniel 8. "a!o. *ovel "ynthesis of Metal


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Advantages

$onvenient approach for separating and removing the contaminants !yapplying external magnetic fields.

ossi!ility of surface modifications with different organic or inorganic coating

agents to allow the removal of a wide range of heavy metals with specificity.

High efficiency for adsorption maintained even after many

adsorption/desorption cycles ma)es use of magnetic nanoparticles cost

efficient.

)imitations

$orrosion of metal surface

9eaction !y-products

9uture resear'

*on corrosive nanoparticles should !e more used

9eaction !y-products should !e minimi;ed.


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$AR

multiwalled car!on nanotu!es #M:$*Ts&

The $*Ts have large adsorption capacity, which is

mainly attri!uta!le to their

highly porous and hollow structure

large specific surface area light mass density

strong interaction !etween $*Ts and pollutant

molecules.

The mechanisms !y which the metal ions are sor!edonto $*Ts are very complicated and appear

attri!uta!le to electrostatic attraction, sorption-

precipitation and chemical interaction !etween the

metal ions and the surface functional groups of $*Ts.

Hui %i, Ce-%i @iao, Hua He, 9ui %in, eng-%i >uo. 'dsorption !ehavior and adsorption mechanism of $u#77& ions on amino-functionali;ed magnetic

nanoparticles. Transaction of *onferrous Metal "ociety of $hina #& 052B005


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A"&!RPTI!N PR!P7RTI7& !9 $NTs

9un'tionali=ation plays very important role in adsorption properties of $*Ts as

it drastically changes its properties.

•Hui %i, Ce-%i @iao, Hua He, 9ui %in, eng-%i >uo. 'dsorption !ehavior and adsorption mechanism of $u#77& ions on amino-functionali;ed magnetic nanoparticles.

Transaction of *onferrous Metal "ociety of $hina #& 052B005.•'shish Dadhave and +yotsna :aghmare. 9emoval of heavy metal ions from wastewater !y car!on nanotu!es #$*Ts&. 7nternational +ournal of $hemical "ciences and

' lications Eol 5 7ssue 00-22.

Cifferent adsorption sites on a homogeneous

!undle of partially open-ended ":$*Ts4

. internal, .interstitial channel,. external groove site, and . external surface


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M7$HANI&M !9 A"&!RPTI!N

The mechanisms of heavy metal ion adsorption on $*Ts can !e attri!uted to

hysical adsorption,

8lectrostatic attraction, recipitation

$hemical interaction !etween the heavy metal ions and the surface functional

groups of $*Ts.

The value of pH plays very vital role with respect to adsorption of metal ions on$*T surface.

:hen the solution pH is lower than pHPZ$ #point of ;ero charge&, the surface

charge of $*Ts is positive and MF is generally the predominant species in

solution. The adsorption of divalent metal ions is attri!uted partly to the

competition !etween HF and MF for adsorption on the surface sites .

:hen the solution pH is higher than pH>$, the surface charge of $*Ts is negative

and the divalent The removal of divalent metal ions is possi!ly accomplished !y

simultaneous adsorption and precipitation reactions at high pH values. Metal ions

exist predominantly in M#


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"' G (8T surface area #m/g&, E G pore volume #cm/g&, MCG mean pore diameter #nm&,

3m G maximum sorption capacity #mg/g&.

Table 4 $omparisons of $*T characteri;ation and maximum sorption capacity of

various divalent metal ions

Dadupudi urnachadra 9ao, $hungsying %u, 6engsheng "u. "orption of divalent metal ions from a3ueous solution !y car!on nanotu!es4 ' review . "eparation and

urification Technology 5 #2& 1


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Advantages

$onsidera!le adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions.

The surface modification can greatly increase the interaction of $*Ts with

pollutants there!y increasing the capacity.

)imitations

%arge amounts of chemicals are used for surface modification which creates

environmental pollution. 9aw $*Ts may possess some degree of toxicity due to the presence of

metal catalysts.

9uture Resear'

$ost effective production of functionali;ed $*T. %owering the toxicity of raw $*T.

TH8 8*C

Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water using Nanomaterials

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