Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting,...

Remote sensing and avian Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S.biodiversity patterns in the U.S.

NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009

Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, P. Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, P. Culbert, C. Ritttenhouse, M. ClaytonCulbert, C. Ritttenhouse, M. Clayton

University of Wisconsin-MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison

C. Flather, S. Stewart, C. Flather, S. Stewart, U.S. Forest ServiceU.S. Forest Service

J. Masek, J. Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Research questionsResearch questions

What determines What determines bird biodiversity patterns?bird biodiversity patterns?

How does disturbance How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?affect bird biodiversity?

Bird biodiversity patternsBird biodiversity patterns

What determines What determines bird biodiversity bird biodiversity patterns?patterns?


The “machinery controlling species diversity”; MacArthur 1972

ClimaticClimaticStabilityStability

ProductivityProductivity

StructureStructure

BiodiversityBiodiversity



StructureStructure





StructureStructure




StructureStructure



Coops et al., 2009, Journal of Biogeography, 36:905-918




StructureStructure




StructureStructure



3x3 Window Standard Deviation TM4

Image texture explained 64% in Wisconsin’s Image texture explained 64% in Wisconsin’s neotropical migrant species richnessneotropical migrant species richness


Culbert et al. 2009. IEEE JSTARS, Culbert et al. 2009. IEEE JSTARS, in pressin press

Mean texture of Forest Area Across Growing Season

-1

0

1

2

3

4

120 141 186 256

Ordinal Date

Mean

Textu

re V

alu

e, L

an

dsat

Ban

d 4

, 11x11

Win

do

w

Entropy

2ndMoment

Homogeneity

Dissimilarity

Correlation

Contrast

Variance




StructureStructure




StructureStructure


Barren

Transitional

Urban/Developed

Water

Grassland

Agriculture

Forest

Wetland

Shrubland

National Land Cover Database


0

5

10

15

20

25other cover, amount housing density & residential cover other landcover, pattern

Pro

port

ion

(%)

of p

ossi

ble

occu

rren

ces

in m

odel

s

Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecological Applications, 17:1989-2010Lepczyk et al., 2008, Conservation Biology, 22:405-416




StructureStructure




StructureStructure


Grassland specialists trend 1972-2007Grassland specialists trend 1972-2007

Neotropical migrants trends 1972-2007Neotropical migrants trends 1972-2007

Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity

Fire

MODIS active fire products

Select disturbed BBS routes

Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes

Heat waves

MODIS surface

temperature

Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance

MODIS surface

temperature

Droughts

Palmer drought index

MODIS LAI/NPP

data

Storms

Hurricane/ tornado tracks

Clearcuts

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

Fragmen-tation

NLCD 1992/93

LEDAPS reflectance

data

Houses

U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000

t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

MODIS active fires/ burned area

Extreme weather Human disturbanceFire




Heat waves

MODIS surface

temperature


MODIS surface

temperature

Droughts


MODIS LAI/NPP

data

Storms


Clearcuts

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

Fragmen-tation

NLCD 1992/93

LEDAPS reflectance

data

Houses

U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000


LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data


Extreme weather Human disturbance

Hurricanes: Hurricanes changed species abundances, and community compositionLittle change in species richness

Rittenhouse et al., 2009, Global Change Biology, in review


Fire




Heat waves

MODIS surface

temperature


MODIS surface

temperature

Droughts


MODIS LAI/NPP

data

Storms


Clearcuts

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

Fragmen-tation

NLCD 1992/93

LEDAPS reflectance

data

Houses

U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000


LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data






Heat waves

MODIS surface

temperature


MODIS surface

temperature

Droughts


MODIS LAI/NPP

data

Storms


Clearcuts

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

Fragmen-tation

NLCD 1992/93

LEDAPS reflectance

data

Houses

U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000


LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data



Droughts: Both richness and abundance were negatively correlated with drought Abundance was more affected

Albright et al., 2009, Global Change Biology, in review


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! Survey routes

Study sites

Forested ecoregions

km1000±



d1 d2Legend

BBS route

Non-forest

Forest

Water

Post-disturbance forest

Disturbed forest

Post-disturb. Non-forest


1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Year

Com

mun

ity s

imila

rity

Forest Forest lossloss decreased community decreased community similarity for all forest birds, and also for similarity for all forest birds, and also for most of the guilds most of the guilds

Forest Forest disturbancedisturbance maintained maintained community similarity for permanent community similarity for permanent residents and cavity nestersresidents and cavity nesters



MODIS Land MODIS Land surface surface temperaturetemperature


Standardized seasonal land surface Standardized seasonal land surface temperature exceedance (SSLSTE)temperature exceedance (SSLSTE)


Lagged response: 2001 SSLSTE vs. 2002 BBSLagged response: 2001 SSLSTE vs. 2002 BBS

ConclusionsConclusions

Remotely sensed measures Remotely sensed measures of ‘classic’ biodiversity drivers of ‘classic’ biodiversity drivers explain biodiversity patterns well explain biodiversity patterns well

‘ ‘New’ measures (DHI, texture, MODIS New’ measures (DHI, texture, MODIS LST, dense Landsat stacks) are good LST, dense Landsat stacks) are good predictorspredictors

Structure is important in terms of Structure is important in terms of both biophysical and human factorsboth biophysical and human factors

ConclusionsConclusions

Communities are continuously Communities are continuously changingchanging

Disturbance affects both interannual Disturbance affects both interannual variability and long-term bird variability and long-term bird community changescommunity changes

Abundance is more sensitive than Abundance is more sensitive than richnessrichness

Thank you!

Fire




Heat waves

MODIS surface

temperature


MODIS surface

temperature

Droughts


MODIS LAI/NPP

data

Storms


Clearcuts

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

Fragmen-tation

NLCD 1992/93

LEDAPS reflectance

data

Houses

U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000


LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data






Heat waves

MODIS surface

temperature


MODIS surface

temperature

Droughts


MODIS LAI/NPP

data

Storms


Clearcuts

LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data

Fragmen-tation

NLCD 1992/93

LEDAPS reflectance

data

Houses

U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000


LEDAPS disturbance

data

LEDAPS disturbance

data



Houses and fragmentation: Both fragmentation and housing development had equal and strong effects on avian richness Effects differed by guild and ecoregion E.g., in the West houses were positively correlated with richness, but negatively in East

Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecol. Appl., 17:1989-2010 Lepczyk et al., 2008, Cons. Bio., 22:405-416


Grassland specialists averageGrassland specialists average

Neotropical migrants averageNeotropical migrants average

Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting,...

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Transcript of Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting,...