Remote Notice Board Using GSM

8/12/2019 Remote Notice Board Using GSM

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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

DRK College of Engineering & Technology 1


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INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Introduction:

In o!"y#$ %orl! i i$ $"i! h" %orl! i$ $hrin'ing !"y (y !"y) I i$ !*e o he f"c h"

+eo+le fro, !ifferen +"r$ of he %orl! "re "(le o co,,*nic"e %ih e"ch oher %ihin

fr"cion$ of $econ!$) All he$e "!-"n"ge$ "re +o$$i(le !*e o he "!-"n"ge$ in !igi"l

co,,*nic"ion echni.*e$) Wih he "!-en of cell*l"r echnology he *$e of ,o(ile

ele+hone$ "re incre"$e! !r"$ic"lly o-er he ye"r$) In o!"y#$ %orl! of echnologic"l

"!-"nce,en$ co,,*nic"ion$ "n! conrol i$ nece$$"ry in "ny +"r of he %orl!)

The no-el i!e" of hi$ +ro/ec i$ o recei-e ,e$$"ge hro*gh ,o(ile +hone$ "n! $en!

i o Noice Bo"r! for !i$+l"y) Thi$ +ro/ec i$ ("$ic"lly " ,icro conroller0 ("$e! !e$ign *$e!

o conrol re,oe noice (o"r!) 23C45RD5BN i$ he"r of hi$ +ro/ec) Here %e *$e ,o(ile

+hone$ "$ " ,e$$"ge $en!er $en!ing ,e$$"ge$ o noice (o"r! (y $en!ing "++ro+ri"e SMS

"n! recei-ing SMS %hene-er here i$ no +ro(le,) The ,o(ile *$e! i$ GSM echnology)

The 'ey $rengh of GSM i$ i$ inern"ion"l ro",ing c"+"(iliy gi-ing con$*,er$ "

$e",le$$ $er-ice $*+erior $+eech .*"liy *ni-er$"l "n! in0e6+en$i-e ,o(ile +hone$ Digi"l

con-enience Ne% $er-ice$7C"ll %"iing C"ll for%"r!ing SMS8) SMS i$ " GSM $er-ice (y

%hich %e c"n $en! "n! recei-e !"" o "n! fro, "noher GSM h"n!$e) The ,e$$"ge c"n (e

co,+ri$e! of %or!$ or n*,(er$ or "n "l+h" n*,eric"l co,(in"ion)

The ,"in "!-"n"ge of SMS $er-ice "re i#$ "n "-"il"(le co,,*nic"ion ool ho$e

%ih $+eech or he"ring !iffic*lie$) An! if yo* ge "n SMS "n! yo* "re o*$i!e of he GSM

co-er"ge "re" SMS %ill (e $ore! "n! yo* %ill (e recei-e! i "$ $oon "$ yo* enere! he

ne%or' co-er"ge "re") Thi$ %ill "l%"y$ 'ee+ yo* "%"re of he $ec*riy $i*"ion of yo*r

ho,e9office)

U$ing :"enion co,,"n!$; 7AT Co,,"n!$8 GSM ,o!e, o+er"ion$ c"n (e

conrolle!)

1.2 Objectie o! t"e #tud$:



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The ,"in o(/eci-e of $elecing hi$ +ro/ec i$ o g"in 'no%le!ge "n! e6+erience in

!e-elo+ing " re"l i,e "++lic"ion) A+"r fro, hi$ o g"in he Kno%le!ge of

23C45RD5BN Micro Conroller GSM ,o!e, "n! he %"y in %hich he$e c"n (e *$e! o

recei-e ,e$$"ge$ "n! !i$+l"y on noice (o"r!)

2I MA?IDI "n! @ANICE GI>>ISE MA?IDI ile!

:THE 2>ER AND EMBEDED SSTEMS;)

1.* Introduction to E+,EDED &-&TE+&:

DRK College of Engineering & Technology


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E,(e!!e! $y$e,$ "re !e$igne! o !o $o,e $+ecific "$' r"her h"n (e " gener"l0

+*r+o$e co,+*er for ,*li+le "$'$) So,e "l$o h"-e re"l i,e +erfor,"nce con$r"in$ h"

,*$ (e ,e for re"$on $*ch "$ $"fey "n! *$"(iliy oher$ ,"y h"-e lo% or no +erfor,"nce

re.*ire,en$ "llo%ing he $y$e, h"r!%"re o (e $i,+lifie! o re!*ce co$$)

An e,(e!!e! $y$e, i$ no "l%"y$ " $e+"r"e (loc' 0 -ery ofen i i$ +hy$ic"lly (*il0

in o he !e-ice i i$ conrolling) The $of%"re %rien for e,(e!!e! $y$e,$ i$ ofen c"lle!

fir,%"re "n! i$ $ore! in re"!0only ,e,ory or fl"$h con-ecor chi+$ r"her h"n " !i$' !ri-e)

I ofen r*n$ %ih li,ie! co,+*er h"r!%"re re$o*rce$ $,"ll or no 'ey(o"r! $creen "n!

lile ,e,ory)

Wirele$$ co,,*nic"ion h"$ (eco,e "n i,+or"n fe"*re for co,,erci"l +ro!*c$

"n! " +o+*l"r re$e"rch o+ic %ihin he l"$ en ye"r$) There "re no% ,ore ,o(ile +hone

$*($cri+ion$ h"n %ire!0line $*($cri+ion$) >"ely one "re" of co,,erci"l inere$ h"$ (een

lo%0co$ lo%0+o%er "n! $hor0!i$"nce %irele$$ co,,*nic"ion *$e! for +er$on"l %irele$$

ne%or'$)F Technology "!-"nce,en$ "re +ro-i!ing $,"ller "n! ,ore co$ effeci-e !e-ice$

for inegr"ing co,+*"ion"l +roce$$ing %irele$$ co,,*nic"ion "n! " ho$ of oher

f*ncion"liie$) The$e e,(e!!e! co,,*nic"ion$ !e-ice$ %ill (e inegr"e! ino "++lic"ion$

r"nging fro, ho,el"n! $ec*riy o in!*$ry "*o,"ion "n! ,onioring) They %ill "l$o

en"(le c*$o, "ilore! engineering $ol*ion$ cre"ing " re-ol*ion"ry %"y of !i$$e,in"ing

"n! +roce$$ing infor,"ion) Wih ne% echnologie$ "n! !e-ice$ co,e ne% (*$ine$$

"ci-iie$ "n! he nee! for e,+loyee$ in he$e echnologic"l "re"$) Engineer$ %ho h"-e

'no%le!ge of e,(e!!e! $y$e,$ "n! %irele$$ co,,*nic"ion$ %ill (e in high !e,"n!)

Unfor*n"ely here "re fe% "!or"(le en-iron,en$ "-"il"(le for !e-elo+,en "n! cl"$$roo,

*$e $o $*!en$ ofen !o no le"rn "(o* he$e echnologie$ !*ring h"n!$0on l"( e6erci$e$)

The co,,*nic"ion ,e!i*,$ %ere %i$e! +"ir o+ic"l fi(er infr"re! "n! gener"lly

%irele$$ r"!io)



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CHAPTER 2

DE&IGN

DE&IGN



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The $y$e,$ !e$ign +roce$$ +"riion$ he re.*ire,en$ o eiher h"r!%"re or $of%"re

$y$e,$) I e$"(li$he$ he o-er"ll $y$e, "rchiec*re) Sof%"re !e$ign in-ol-e$ he

re+re$ening he $of%"re $y$e, f*ncion$ in " for, h" ,"y (e r"n$for,e! ino one or

,ore e6ec*"(le +rogr",$) The !e$ign in-ol-e$ he !e$ign of h"r!%"re "$ %ell "$ $of%"re

+"r re.*ire! for he +ro/ec)

2.1 ,loc Dia/ra0:

Receier:

Tran#0itter:

ig5)1 Bloc' Di"gr", of ro/ec

2.2 De#i/n Proce##:


MOBI>E

MICROCONTRO>>ER

23c45

GSMMODEM

MEMOR

Tr"n$for,er

Recifier iler

Reg*l"or7J2CD

RS 55

MICROCONTRO>>ER

23c45


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ig5)5 De$ign roce$$

2.% Hard)are De#i/n:

2.%.1 +icrocontroller Introduction:

eature#:

Co,+"i(le %ih MCS041L ro!*c$

2K Bye$ of In0Sy$e, Re+rogr",,"(le l"$h Me,ory

En!*r"nce 1oc'

54 6 20(i Inern"l RAM

5 rogr",,"(le I9O >ine$

Three 10(i Ti,er9Co*ner$

DRK College of Engineering & Technology J

De#i/n Proce##

Hard)are De#i/n &o!t)are De#i/n


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Eigh Inerr*+ So*rce$

rogr",,"(le Seri"l Ch"nnel

>o%0+o%er I!le "n! o%er0!o%n Mo!e$

,loc Dia/ra0:



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ig5) Bloc' Di"gr", of Microconroller

De#cri'tion:



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The AT23C45 i$ " lo%0+o%er high0+erfor,"nce CMOS 20(i ,icroco,+*er %ih

2K (ye$ of l"$h +rogr",,"(le "n! er"$"(le re"! only ,e,ory 7EROM8) The !e-ice i$

,"n*f"c*re! *$ing A,el#$ high0!en$iy non-ol"ile ,e,ory echnology "n! i$ co,+"i(le

%ih he in!*$ry0$"n!"r! 2


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CC S*++ly -ol"ge)

GND Gro*n!)

Port 3

or < i$ "n 20(i o+en !r"in (i0!irecion"l I9O +or) A$ "n o*+* +or e"ch +in c"n$in' eigh TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o +or < +in$ he +in$ c"n (e *$e! "$ high

i,+e!"nce in+*$)

or < c"n "l$o (e config*re! o (e he ,*li+le6e! lo% or!er "!!re$$9!"" (*$ !*ring

"cce$$e$ o e6ern"l +rogr", "n! !"" ,e,ory) In hi$ ,o!e < h"$ inern"l

*ll0*+$)

or < "l$o recei-e$ he co!e (ye$ !*ring l"$h +rogr",,ing "n! o*+*$ he co!e

(ye$ !*ring +rogr", -erific"ion) E6ern"l +*ll0*+$ "re re.*ire! !*ring +rogr",

-erific"ion)

Port 1:

or 1 i$ "n 20(i (i0!irecion"l I9O +or %ih inern"l +*ll0*+$) The or 1 o*+*

(*ffer$ c"n $in'9$o*rce fo*r TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o or 1 +in$ hey "re +*lle!

high (y he inern"l +*ll0*+$ "n! c"n (e *$e! "$ in+*$) A$ in+*$ or 1 +in$ h" "re

e6ern"lly (eing +*lle! lo% %ill $o*rce c*rren 7II>8 (ec"*$e of he inern"l +*ll0*+$) In

"!!iion 1)< "n! 1)1 c"n (e config*re! o (e he i,er9co*ner 5 e6ern"l co*n in+*

71)


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or 5 i$ "n 20(i (i0!irecion"l I9O +or %ih inern"l +*ll0*+$) The or 5 o*+*

(*ffer$ c"n $in'9$o*rce fo*r TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o or 5 +in$ hey "re +*lle!

high (y he inern"l +*ll0*+$ "n! c"n (e *$e! "$ in+*$) A$ in+*$ or 5 +in$ h" "re

e6ern"lly (eing +*lle! lo% %ill $o*rce c*rren 7II>8 (ec"*$e of he inern"l +*ll0*+$) or 5

e,i$ he high0or!er "!!re$$ (ye !*ring feche$ fro, e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory "n! !*ring

"cce$$e$ o e6ern"l !"" ,e,ory h" *$e$ 10(i "!!re$$e$ 7MO DTR8) In hi$

"++lic"ion or 5 *$e$ $rong inern"l +*ll0*+$ %hen e,iing 1$) D*ring "cce$$e$ o

e6ern"l !"" ,e,ory h" *$e$ 20(i "!!re$$e$ 7MO RI8 or 5 e,i$ he conen$ of

he 5 S+eci"l *ncion Regi$er) or 5 "l$o recei-e$ he high0or!er "!!re$$ (i$ "n! $o,e

conrol $ign"l$ !*ring l"$h +rogr",,ing "n! -erific"ion)

Port %:

or i$ "n 20(i (i0!irecion"l I9O +or %ih inern"l +*ll0*+$) The or o*+*

(*ffer$ c"n $in'9$o*rce fo*r TT> in+*$) When 1$ "re %rien o or +in$ hey "re +*lle!

high (y he inern"l +*ll0*+$ "n! c"n (e *$e! "$ in+*$) A$ in+*$ or +in$ h" "re

e6ern"lly (eing +*lle! lo% %ill $o*rce c*rren 7II>8 (ec"*$e of he +*ll0*+$) or "l$o

$er-e$ he f*ncion$ of -"rio*$ $+eci"l fe"*re$ of he AT23C41 "$ $ho%n in he follo%ing

"(le) or "l$o recei-e$ $o,e conrol $ign"l$ for l"$h +rogr",,ing "n! -erific"ion)

ig 5) in De$cri+ion of or

R&T:



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Re$e in+*) A high on hi$ +in for %o ,"chine cycle$ %hile he o$cill"or i$ r*nning

re$e$ he De-ice)

A4E5PROG:

A!!re$$ >"ch En"(le i$ "n o*+* +*l$e for l"ching he lo% (ye of he "!!re$$

!*ring "cce$$e$ o e6ern"l ,e,ory) Thi$ +in i$ "l$o he +rogr", +*l$e in+* 7ROG8 !*ring

l"$h +rogr",,ing) In nor,"l o+er"ion A>E i$ e,ie! " " con$"n r"e of 19 he

o$cill"or fre.*ency "n! ,"y (e *$e! for e6ern"l i,ing or cloc'ing +*r+o$e$) Noe

ho%e-er h" one A>E +*l$e i$ $'i++e! !*ring e"ch "cce$$ o e6ern"l !"" ,e,ory) If

!e$ire! A>E o+er"ion c"n (e !i$"(le! (y $eing (i < of SR loc"ion 2EH) Wih he (i

$e A>E i$ "ci-e only !*ring " MO or MOC in$r*cion) Oher%i$e he +in i$ %e"'ly

+*lle! high) Seing he A>E0!i$"(le (i h"$ no effec if he ,icroconroller i$ in e6ern"l

e6ec*ion ,o!e)

P&EN:

rogr", Sore En"(le i$ he re"! $ro(e o e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory) When he

AT23C45 i$ e6ec*ing co!e fro, e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory SEN i$ "ci-"e! %ice e"ch

,"chine cycle e6ce+ h" %o SEN "ci-"ion$ "re $'i++e! !*ring e"ch "cce$$ o e6ern"l

!"" ,e,ory)

EA5PP:

E6ern"l Acce$$ En"(le) EA ,*$ (e $r"++e! o GND in or!er o en"(le he !e-ice o

fech co!e fro, e6ern"l +rogr", ,e,ory loc"ion$ $"ring "


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TA>1 "n! TA>5 "re he in+* "n! o*+* re$+eci-ely of "n in-ering

",+lifier h" c"n (e config*re! for *$e "$ "n on0chi+ o$cill"or "$ $ho%n in ig*re 1)

Eiher " .*"r cry$"l or cer",ic re$on"or ,"y (e *$e!) To !ri-e he !e-ice fro, "n

E6ern"l cloc' $o*rce TA>5 $ho*l! (e lef *nconnece! %hile TA>1 i$ !ri-en "$

$ho%n in ig*re 5)

ig5)JO$cill"or Connecion$

&'ecial unction re/i#ter#:

S+eci"l f*ncion regi$er$ "re he "re"$ of ,e,ory h" conrol $+ecific f*ncion"liy

of he 2 AB he higher (ye of he

+ro!*c ge$ $ore! in B regi$er) In !i- AB he .*oien ge$ $ore! in B %ih he re,"in!er

in A)

c7 &tac 'ointer 891"7:

The $"c' +oiner hol!$ 20(i -"l*e) Thi$ i$ *$e! o in!ic"e %here he ne6 -"l*e o

(e re,o-e! fro, he $"c' $ho*l! (e "'en fro,) When " -"l*e i$ o (e +*$he! ono he



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$"c' he 2 "n! DH %or' ogeher %or' ogeher o re+re$en " 10(i -"l*e

c"lle! he !"" +oiner) The !"" +oiner i$ *$e! in o+er"ion$ reg"r!ing e6ern"l RAM "n!

$o,e in$r*cion$ co!e ,e,ory) I i$ " 10(i SR "n! "l$o "n "!!re$$"(le SR)

e7 Pro/ra0 counter:

The +rogr", co*ner i$ " 1 (i regi$er %hich con"in$ he 5 (ye "!!re$$ %hich

ell$ he 2


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i,er 20(i "*o relo"! i,er or %o $e+"r"e i,er$) A!!iion"lly yo* ,"y config*re he

i,er$ o only co*n %hen "n e6ern"l +in i$ "ci-"e! or o co*n :e-en$; h" "re in!ic"e!

on "n e6ern"l +in)

i7 TO 8Ti0er 3 lo)5"i/" addre## 9A59C "7:

The$e %o SR$ "'en ogeher re+re$en i,er


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n7 P% 8'ort % addre## ,3" bit addre##able7:

Thi$ i$ " +or l"ch) E"ch (i of hi$ SR corre$+on!$ o one of he +in$ on "

,icro conroller) Any !"" o (e o*+*e! o +or < i$ fir$ %rien on < regi$er) or e)g) (i

< of +or < i$ +in ) 8Pro/ra0&tatu# >ord

3D3"7:

The +rogr", S"*$ Wor! i$ *$e! o $ore " n*,(er of i,+or"n (i$ h" "re $e "n!

cle"re! (y 2


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he +"riy fl"g "n! he o-erflo% fl"g) A!!iion"lly i "l$o con"in$ he regi$er ("n' $elec

fl"g$ %hich "re *$e! o $elec %hich of he :R; regi$er ("n'$ c*rrenly in *$e)

r7 &,U 8&erial ,u!!er


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ig 5)2AT23C45 SR M"+ "n! Re$e "l*e$

A ,"+ of he on0chi+ ,e,ory "re" c"lle! he S+eci"l *ncion Regi$er 7SR8 $+"ce

i$ $ho%n in "(o-e T"(le 1) Noe h" no "ll of he "!!re$$e$ "re occ*+ie! "n! *nocc*+ie!

"!!re$$e$ ,"y no (e i,+le,ene! on he chi+) Re"! "cce$$e$ o he$e "!!re$$e$ %ill in

gener"l re*rn r"n!o, !"" "n! %rie "cce$$e$ %ill h"-e "n in!eer,in"e effec) U$er

$of%"re $ho*l! no %rie 1$ o he$e *nli$e! loc"ion$ $ince hey ,"y (e *$e! in f**re

+ro!*c$ o in-o'e ne% fe"*re$) In h" c"$e he re$e or in"ci-e -"l*e$ of he ne% (i$ %ill

"l%"y$ (e 8 i$ he C"+*re9Relo"! regi$er$ for Ti,er 5 in 10(i c"+*re ,o!e or 10(i "*o0

relo"! ,o!e)

Interru't Re/i#ter#The in!i-i!*"l inerr*+ en"(le (i$ "re in he IE regi$er) T%o

+rioriie$ c"n (e $e for e"ch of he $i6 inerr*+ $o*rce$ in he I regi$er)



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ig 5)3 TCON

Data +e0or$:

The AT23C45 i,+le,en$ 54 (ye$ of on0chi+ RAM) The *++er 152 (ye$ occ*+y "

+"r"llel "!!re$$ $+"ce o he S+eci"l *ncion Regi$er$) Th" ,e"n$ he *++er 152 (ye$

h"-e he $",e "!!re$$e$ "$ he SR $+"ce (* "re +hy$ic"lly $e+"r"e fro, SR $+"ce) When

"n in$r*cion "cce$$e$ "n inern"l loc"ion "(o-e "!!re$$ JH he "!!re$$ ,o!e *$e! in he

in$r*cion $+ecifie$ %heher he CU "cce$$e$ he *++er 152 (ye$ of RAM or he SR

$+"ce) In$r*cion$ h" *$e !irec "!!re$$ing "cce$$ SR $+"ce) or e6",+le he follo%ing

!irec "!!re$$ing in$r*cion "cce$$e$ he SR " loc"ion


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cry$"l) Thi$ i$ "n elecric"l !e-ice %hich %hen energy i$ "++lie! e,i$ +*l$e$ " " fi6e!

fre.*ency) One c"n fin! cry$"l$ of -ir*"lly "ny fre.*ency !e+en!ing on he "++lic"ion

re.*ire,en$) When *$ing "n 2


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Ho) doe# a ti0er count? A i,er "l%"y$ co*n$ *+) I !oe$n# ,"er %heher he i,er i$

(eing *$e! "$ " i,er " co*ner or " ("*! r"e gener"or A i,er i$ "l%"y$ incre,ene! (y

he ,icroconroller)

Ti0er &R#:

A$ ,enione! (efore he 218) We#-e gi-en SR$ n",e$ o ,"'e i e"$ier o refer

o he, (* in re"liy "n SR h"$ " n*,eric "!!re$$) I i$ ofen *$ef*l o 'no% he n*,eric

"!!re$$ h" corre$+on!$ o "n SR n",e)

The SR$ rel"ing o i,er$ "re

ig 5)1


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"$ he high "n! lo% (ye of he i,er) Th" i$ o $"y %hen Ti,er < h"$ " -"l*e of 1) Since here "re

only %o (ye$ !e-oe! o he -"l*e of e"ch i,er i i$ "++"ren h" he ,"6i,*, -"l*e "

i,er ,"y h"-e i$ 444) If " i,er con"in$ he -"l*e 444 "n! i$ $*($e.*enly

incre,ene! i %ill re$eor o-erflo%00("c' o


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REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMSig 5)11 TMOD

A$ yo* c"n $ee in he "(o-e ch"r fo*r (i$ 7%o for e"ch i,er8 "re *$e! o $+ecify "

,o!e of o+er"ion) The ,o!e$ of o+er"ion "re

ig 5)15 Mo!e O+er"ion

Ti,er ,o!e F6 re"che$ 544 "n! i$ $*($e.*enly incre,ene! in$e"! of

re$eing o < 7"$ in he c"$e of ,o!e$ < "n! 18 i %ill (e re$e o he -"l*e $ore! in TH6) or

e6",+le le#$ $"y TH< hol!$ he -"l*e Dh "n! T>< hol!$ he -"l*e Eh) If %e %ere o

%"ch he -"l*e$ of TH< "n! T>< for " fe% ,"chine cycle$ hi$ i$ %h" %e#! $ee



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ig 5)1 Ti,e Mo!e

A$ yo* c"n $ee he -"l*e of TH< ne-er ch"nge!) In f"c %hen yo* *$e ,o!e 5 yo*

"l,o$ "l%"y$ $e TH6 o " 'no%n -"l*e "n! T>6 i$ he SR h" i$ con$"nly incre,ene!)

Wh"#$ he (enefi of "*o0relo"! ,o!eQ erh"+$ yo* %"n he i,er o "l%"y$ h"-e " -"l*e

fro, 5


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T"e TCON &R:

in"lly here#$ one ,ore SR h" conrol$ he %o i,er$ "n! +ro-i!e$ -"l*"(le

infor,"ion "(o* he,) The TCON SR h"$ he follo%ing $r*c*re $ho%n (elo%)

ro, $r*c*re yo* ,"y noice %e#-e only !efine! of he 2 (i$) Th"#$ (ec"*$e he

oher (i$ of he SR !on# h"-e "nyhing o !o %ih i,er$hey h"-e o !o %ih

Inerr*+$ "n! hey %ill (e !i$c*$$e! in he ch"+er h" "!!re$$e$ inerr*+$)

ig5)1 TCON SR

A ne% +iece of infor,"ion in hi$ ch"r i$ he col*,n F(i "!!re$$)F Thi$ i$ (ec"*$e

hi$ SR i$ F(i0"!!re$$"(le)F Wh" !oe$ hi$ ,e"nQ I ,e"n$ if yo* %"n o $e he (i T100

%hich i$ he highe$ (i of TCON00yo* co*l! e6ec*e he co,,"n! MO TCON P25) In he Ti,er f*ncion he T>5 regi$er i$

incre,ene! e-ery ,"chine cycle) Since " ,"chine cycle con$i$$ of 15 o$cill"or +erio!$ he

co*n r"e i$ 1915 of he o$cill"or fre.*ency)



27/149


ig 5)14Ti,er 5 O+er"ing Mo!e$

In he Co*ner f*ncion he regi$er i$ incre,ene! in re$+on$e o " 10o0< r"n$iion

" i$ corre$+on!ing e6ern"l in+* +in T5) In hi$ f*ncion he e6ern"l in+* i$ $",+le!

!*ring S45 of e-ery ,"chine cycle) When he $",+le$ $ho% " high in one cycle "n! " lo%

in he ne6 cycle he co*n i$ incre,ene!) The ne% co*n -"l*e "++e"r$ in he regi$er

!*ring S1 of he cycle follo%ing he one in %hich he r"n$iion %"$ !eece!) Since %o

,"chine cycle$ 75 o$cill"or +erio!$8 "re re.*ire! o recognie " 10o0< r"n$iion he

,"6i,*, co*n r"e i$ 195 of he o$cill"or fre.*ency) To en$*re h" " gi-en le-el i$

$",+le! " le"$ once (efore i ch"nge$ he le-el $ho*l! (e hel! for " le"$ one f*ll ,"chine

cycle)

InitialiBin/ a Ti0er:

No% h" %e#-e !i$c*$$e! he i,er rel"e! SR$ %e "re re"!y o %rie co!e h" %ill

inii"lie he i,er "n! $"r i r*nning) A$ yo*#ll rec"ll %e fir$ ,*$ !eci!e %h" ,o!e %e

"n he i,er o (e in) In hi$ c"$e %e %"n " 10(i i,er h" r*n$ conin*o*$ly h" i$ o

$"y i i$ no !e+en!en on "ny e6ern"l +in$) We ,*$ fir$ inii"lie he TMOD SR) Since

%e "re %or'ing %ih i,er < %e %ill (e *$ing he lo%e$ (i$ of TMOD) The fir$ %o (i$

GATE< "n! C9T< "re (oh < $ince %e %"n he i,er o (e in!e+en!en of he e6ern"l +in$)

10(i ,o!e i$ i,er ,o!e 1 $o %e ,*$ cle"r T


28/149


Readin/ t"e Ti0er:

There "re %o co,,on %"y$ of re"!ing he -"l*e of " 10(i i,er %hich yo* *$e

!e+en!$ on yo*r $+ecific "++lic"ion) o* ,"y eiher re"! he "c*"l -"l*e of he i,er "$ "

10(i n*,(er or yo* ,"y $i,+ly !eec %hen he i,er h"$ o-erflo%e!)

Readin/ t"e alue o! a Ti0er:

If yo*r i,er i$ in "n 20(i ,o!e00h" i$ eiher 20(i A*o Relo"! ,o!e or in $+li

i,er ,o!e00hen re"!ing he -"l*e of he i,er i$ $i,+le) o* $i,+ly re"! he 10(ye -"l*e

of he i,er "n! yo*#re !one) Ho%e-er if yo*#re !e"ling %ih " 10(i or 10(i i,er he

chore i$ " lile ,ore co,+lic"e!) Con$i!er %h" %o*l! h"++en if yo* re"! he lo% (ye of

he i,er "$ 544 hen re"! he high (ye of he i,er "$ 14) In hi$ c"$e %h" "c*"lly

h"++ene! %"$ h" he i,er -"l*e %"$ 19544 7high (ye 1 lo% (ye 5448 (* yo* re"!

149544) WhyQ Bec"*$e yo* re"! he lo% (ye "$ 544) B* %hen yo* e6ec*e! he ne6

in$r*cion " $,"ll ",o*n of i,e +"$$e!00(* eno*gh for he i,er o incre,en "g"in "

%hich i,e he -"l*e rolle! o-er fro, 19544 o 149


29/149


"n! he high (ye in he Acc*,*l"or) Anoher ,*ch $i,+ler "lern"i-e i$ o $i,+ly *rn off

he i,er r*n (i 7i)e) C>R TR


30/149


A$ $"e! e"rlier +rogr", flo% i$ "l%"y$ $e.*eni"l (eing "lere! only (y ho$e

in$r*cion$ %hich e6+re$$ly c"*$e +rogr", flo% o !e-i"e in $o,e %"y) Ho%e-er

inerr*+$ gi-e *$ " ,ech"ni$, o F+* on hol!F he nor,"l +rogr", flo% e6ec*e "

$*(ro*ine "n! hen re$*,e nor,"l +rogr", flo% "$ if %e h"! ne-er lef i) Thi$ $*(ro*ine

c"lle! "n inerr*+ h"n!ler i$ only e6ec*e! %hen " cer"in e-en 7inerr*+8 occ*r$) The

e-en ,"y (e one of he i,er$ Fo-erflo%ingF recei-ing " ch"r"cer -i" he $eri"l +or

r"n$,iing " ch"r"cer -i" he $eri"l +or or one of %o Fe6ern"l e-en$)F The 2e#$ "l$o $*++o$e h" %e %"n o*r +rogr", o

"*o,"ic"lly oggle he )< +or e-ery i,e i,er < o-erflo%$) The co!e o !o hi$ i$n# oo

!iffic*l

@NB TE

C> )R TE )))

Since he T< fl"g i$ $e %hene-er i,er < o-erflo%$ he "(o-e co!e %ill oggle ) "n! C>R in$r*cion

re.*ire 5 in$r*cion cycle$ o e6ec*e) To ,"'e he ,"h e"$y le#$ $"y he re$ of he co!e

in he +rogr", re.*ire$ 32 in$r*cion cycle$) Th*$ in o"l o*r co!e con$*,e$ 1


31/149


So o "chie-e o*r go"l %e#-e $+en 115 in$r*cion cycle$) So 5)


32/149


ig5)1 Inerr*+$

2.%.2 REGU4ATED PO>ER &UPP4-:

De#cri'tion:

A -"ri"(le reg*l"e! +o%er $*++ly "l$o c"lle! " -"ri"(le (ench +o%er $*++ly i$ one%here yo* c"n conin*o*$ly "!/*$ he o*+* -ol"ge o yo*r re.*ire,en$) "rying he

o*+* of he +o%er $*++ly i$ he reco,,en!e! %"y o e$ " +ro/ec "fer h"-ing !o*(le

chec'e! +"r$ +l"ce,en "g"in$ circ*i !r"%ing$ "n! he +"r$ +l"ce,en g*i!e) Thi$ y+e of

reg*l"ion i$ i!e"l for h"-ing " $i,+le -"ri"(le (ench +o%er $*++ly) Ac*"lly hi$ i$ .*ie

i,+or"n (ec"*$e one of he fir$ +ro/ec$ " ho((yi$ $ho*l! *n!er"'e i$ he con$r*cion of

" -"ri"(le reg*l"e! +o%er $*++ly) While " !e!ic"e! $*++ly i$ .*ie h"n!y e)g) 4 or 15

iZ$ ,*ch h"n!ier o h"-e " -"ri"(le $*++ly on h"n! e$+eci"lly for e$ing) Mo$ !igi"l logic

circ*i$ "n! +roce$$or$ nee! " 4 -ol +o%er $*++ly) To *$e he$e +"r$ %e nee! o (*il! "

reg*l"e! 4 -ol $o*rce) U$*"lly yo* $"r %ih "n *nreg*l"e! +o%er $*++ly r"nging fro, 3

-ol$ o 5 -ol$ DC 7A 15 -ol +o%er $*++ly i$ incl*!e! %ih he ,e/inner it "n! he

+icrocontroller ,e/inner it)8) To ,"'e " 4 -ol +o%er $*++ly %e *$e " >MJ2


33/149

REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMSig 5)1J in Di"gr", of J2MJ2


34/149


,loc Dia/ra0:

ig 5)12 Bloc' Di"gr", of RS

Circuit Dia/ra0:

ig 5)13 B"$ic o%er S*++ly Circ*i



35/149


A(o-e i$ he circ*i of " ("$ic unre/ulated!c +o%er $*++ly) A (ri!ge recifier D1 o

D recifie$ he "c fro, he r"n$for,er $econ!"ry %hich ,"y "l$o (e " (loc' recifier $*ch

"$ WO or e-en fo*r in!i-i!*"l !io!e$ $*ch "$ 1N


36/149


Tran#!or0er Ratin/:

In o*r e6",+le "(o-e %e %ere "'ing


37/149


$"y$ i i$ inen!e! for (i r"e$ lo%er h"n 5


38/149


E,+loying Seri"l Bin"ry D"" Inerch"nge i$$*e! in 133J)Since Re-i$ion C h"-e (een in

i,ing "n! !e"il$ inen!e! o i,+ro-e h"r,oni"ion %ih he CCITT$"n!"r! )5 (*

e.*i+,en (*il o he c*rren $"n!"r! %ill inero+er"e %ih ol!er -er$ion$)

4i0itation#:

Bec"*$e he "++lic"ion of RS055 h"$ e6en!e! f"r (eyon! he origin"l +*r+o$e of

inerconnecing " er,in"l %ih " ,o!e, $*cce$$or $"n!"r!$ h"-e (een !e-elo+e! o

"!!re$$ he li,i"ion$) I$$*e$ %ih he RS055 $"n!"r! incl*!e

The l"rge -ol"ge $%ing$ "n! re.*ire,en for +o$ii-e "n! neg"i-e $*++lie$ incre"$e$

+o%er con$*,+ion of he inerf"ce "n! co,+lic"e$ +o%er $*++ly !e$ign) The

-ol"ge $%ing re.*ire,en "l$o li,i$ he *++er $+ee! of " co,+"i(le inerf"ce)

Single0en!e! $ign"ling referre! o " co,,on $ign"l gro*n! li,i$ he noi$e i,,*niy

"n! r"n$,i$$ion !i$"nce)

M*li0!ro+ 7,e"ning " connecion (e%een ,ore h"n %o !e-ice$8 o+er"ion of "n

RS055 co,+"i(le inerf"ce i$ no !efine! %hile ,*li0!ro+ F%or'0"ro*n!F h"$ (een

!e-i$e! hey h"-e li,i"ion$ in $+ee! "n! co,+"i(iliy)

A$y,,eric"l !efiniion$ of he %o en!$ of he lin' ,"'e he "$$ign,en of he role

of " ne%ly !e-elo+e! !e-ice +ro(le,"ic he !e$igner ,*$ !eci!e on eiher " DTE0

li'e or DCE0li'e inerf"ce "n! %hich connecor +in "$$ign,en$ o *$e)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-Thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T


39/149


The h"n!$h"'ing"n! conrol line$ of he inerf"ce "re inen!e! for he $e*+ "n!

"'e!o%n of " !i"l0*+ co,,*nic"ion circ*i in +"ric*l"r he *$e of h"n!$h"'e line$

for flo% conroli$ no reli"(ly i,+le,ene! in ,"ny !e-ice$)

No ,eho! for $en!ing +o%er o " !e-ice %hile " $,"ll ",o*n of c*rren c"n (e

e6r"ce! fro, he DTR "n! RTS line$ hi$ c"n only (e *$e! for lo% +o%er !e-ice$

$*ch "$ ,ice)

While he $"n!"r! reco,,en!$ " 540%"y connecor "n! i$ +in o* he connecor i$

l"rge (y c*rren $"n!"r!$)

olta/e leel#:

The RS055 $"n!"r! !efine$ he -ol"ge le-el$ h" corre$+on! o logic"l one "n!

logic"l ero le-el$) "li! $ign"l$ "re +l*$ or ,in*$ o 14 -ol$) The r"nge ne"r ero -ol$ i$

no " -"li! RS055 le-el logic one i$ !efine! "$ " neg"i-e -ol"ge he $ign"l con!iion i$

c"lle! ,"r'ing "n! h"$ he f*ncion"l $ignific"nce of O) >ogic ero i$ +o$ii-e he $ign"l

con!iion i$ $+"cing "n! h"$ he f*ncion ON) The $"n!"r! $+ecifie$ " ,"6i,*, o+en0

circ*i -ol"ge of 54 -ol$ $ign"l le-el$ of ]4 ]1< ]15 "n! ]14 "re "ll co,,only

$een !e+en!ing on he +o%er $*++lie$ "-"il"(le %ihin " !e-ice) RS055 !ri-er$ "n!

recei-er$ ,*$ (e "(le o %ih$"n! in!efinie $hor circ*i o gro*n! or o "ny -ol"ge le-el

*+ o =9054 -ol$) The $le% r"e or ho% f"$ he $ign"l ch"nge$ (e%een le-el$ i$ "l$o

conrolle!)

Bec"*$e he -ol"ge le-el$ "re higher h"n logic le-el$ y+ic"lly *$e! (y inegr"e!

circ*i$ $+eci"l iner-ening !ri-er circ*i$ "re re.*ire! o r"n$l"e logic le-el$) The$e "l$o

+roec he !e-iceZ$ inern"l circ*iry fro, $hor circ*i$ or r"n$ien$ h" ,"y "++e"r on he

RS055 inerf"ce "n! +ro-i!e $*fficien c*rren o co,+ly %ih he $le% r"e re.*ire,en$

for !"" r"n$,i$$ion)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmit_flow_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slew_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handshakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-uphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmit_flow_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinouthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slew_rate


40/149


Bec"*$e (oh en!$ of he RS055 circ*i !e+en! on he gro*n! +in (eing ero -ol$

+ro(le,$ %ill occ*r %hen connecing ,"chinery "n! co,+*er$ %here he -ol"ge (e%een

he gro*n! +in on one en! "n! he gro*n! +in on he oher i$ no ero) Thi$ ,"y "l$o c"*$e "

h""r!o*$ gro*n! loo+)

2.%.%.1 +A6 2%2:

A $"n!"r! $eri"l inerf"ce for C RS55C re.*ire$ neg"i-e logic i)e) logic 1 i$ 0

o 015 "n! logic < i$ = o =15) To con-er TT> logic $"y T6D "n! R6D +in$ of he

,icroconroller h*$ nee! " con-erer chi+) A MA55 chi+ h"$ long (een *$ing in ,"ny

,icroconroller$ (o"r!$) I i$ " !*"l RS55 recei-er 9 r"n$,ier h" ,ee$ "ll RS55

$+ecific"ion$ %hile *$ing only =4 +o%er $*++ly) I h"$ %o on(o"r! ch"rge +*,+ -ol"ge

con-erer$ %hich gener"e =1


41/149


U+gr"!e Wih I,+ro-e! ESD 7140' HBM8 "n!


42/149


ig 5)51 Circ*i Connecion of MA0 55



43/149


2.%.( 4CD:

>i.*i! cry$"l !i$+l"y$ offer $e-er"l "!-"n"ge$ o-er r"!iion"l C"ho!e R"y T*(e

!i$+l"y$ h" ,"'e he, i!e"l for $e-er"l "++lic"ion$) Of co*r$e >CD$ "re fl" "n! hey *$e

only " fr"cion of " +o%er re.*ire! (y c"ho!e r"y *(e$) They "re e"$ier o re"! "n! ,ore

+le"$"n o %or' %ih for long +erio!$ of i,e h"n ,o$ or!in"ry -i!eo ,onior$) There "re

$e-er"l r"!eoff$ "$ %ell $*ch "$ li,ie! -ie% "ngle (righne$$ "n! conr"$ no o ,enion

high ,"n*f"c*ring co$)

165 Al+h"n*,eric >CD i$ *$e! in hi$ +ro/ec o !i$+l"y !"" o *$er) There "re 5

ro%$ "n! 1 col*,n$) I i$ +o$$i(le o !i$+l"y 1 ch"r"cer$ on e"ch of he 5 ro%$) I h"$ %o

regi$er$ co,,"n! regi$er "n! !"" regi$er)

1@ 6 2 A4PHANU+ERIC 4CD:

The >CD *$e! on he r"n$,iing $i!e i$ " 1 ch"r"cer "n! 5 line$ >CD %hich i$

nor,"lly referre! "$ 1 5 >CD) Thi$ >CD i$ "n "l+h"n*,eric >CD h" ,e"n$ i c"n (e

*$e! o !i$+l"y he ch"r"cer$ of (oh "l+h"(e$ "n! n*,er"l$ "+"r fro, $+eci"l $y,(ol$)

The -"l*e o (e !i$+l"ye! on he >CD#$ +"nel i$ $en in he for, of ASCII co!e for,") The

!"" "n! he co,,"n!$ o (e $en! o he >CD "re $en on he !"" (*$ (y *$ing " +or of he

,icro conroller %hich i$ connece! o he !"" +in$ of he >CD) The $",e !"" (*$ i$ *$e!

o c"rry he conrol $ign"l$ in (oh he !irecion$ "n! "l$o he !"" o (e !i$+l"ye! on he

>CD) The >CD#$ "cce+ he $"n!"r! co,,"n!$ "n! "cce+ he ASCII co!e$) Inern"lly he

>CD conroller !eco!e$ he$e co!e$ "n! +erfor,$ he conrol "ci-iy "n! "l$o !eco!e$ he

ASCII co!e$ "n! $en!$ he (i ,"+ for," in or!er o !i$+l"y he ch"r"cer on he >CD)

The R$ 7regi$er $elec8 +in i$ *$e! for $elecing he regi$er ino %hich he !"" i$ o

(e %rien) The >CD h"$ inern"lly %o regi$er$ one i$ for he co,,"n! "n! he oher i$ for

he !"" %hich i$ o (e !i$+l"ye!) When r$< he !"" fro, he !"" +in$ i$ %rien ino he

!"" regi$er "n! %hen r$1 he !"" fro, he !"" +in$ i$ %rien ino he !"" regi$er) The

r9% 7re"!9%rie8 +in i$ for $+ecifying %heher o %rie !"" o he >CD or re"! !"" fro, he

>CD) If r9%


44/149


high o lo% +*l$e ,*$ (e "++lie! o hi$ +in in or!er for he >CD o l"ch in he !"" +re$en

" he !"" +in$) Thi$ +*l$e ,*$ (e " ,ini,*, of 4


45/149


&'eci!ication#:

ig 5)55 >CD "nel


Pin &$0bol 4eel unction

1 SS 0 o%er GND

5 DD 0 o%er 4

< 0 o%er for >CD Dri-e

RS H9> Regi$er Selec Sign"l

HD"" In+* >In$r*cion In+*4 R9W H9> HD"" Re"! 7MU0_>CD8

> D"" Wrie 7MU0_>CD8

E HH0_> En"(le

J01 DB D"" B*$ Sof%"re $elec"(le 0 or 20(i ,o!e

14 NC 0 No Connece!

NC 0 No Connece!


46/149

REMOTE NOTICE BOARD USING GSM WITH SMSig 5)5 in De$cri+ion of >CD "nel

ig 5)5 >CD in Connecion

Inter!acin/ o! 4CD To T"e +icrocontroller:

ig 5)54 Inerf"cing of >CD o he Microconroller



47/149


The 2 !"" +in$ of he >CD "re connece! o he 2 +in$ of +or 1) The R$ 7regi$er

$elec8 r9% 7re"!9%rie8 "n! en 7en"(le8 +in$ of he >CD "re connece! o 5)


48/149


+eo+le *$e GSM "cro$$ ,ore h"n 515 co*nrie$ "n! erriorie$) Thi$ *(i.*iy ,e"n$ h"

$*($cri(er$ c"n *$e heir +hone$ hro*gho* he %orl! en"(le! (y inern"ion"l

ro",ing "rr"nge,en$ (e%een ,o(ile ne%or' o+er"or$) GSM !iffer$ fro, i$ +re!ece$$or

echnologie$ in h" (oh $ign"ling "n! $+eech ch"nnel$ "re !igi"l "n! h*$ GSM i$

con$i!ere! " $econ! gener"ion 75G8 ,o(ile +hone $y$e,) Thi$ "l$o f"cili"e$ he %i!e0

$+re"! i,+le,en"ion of !"" co,,*nic"ion "++lic"ion$ ino he $y$e,)

The GSM $"n!"r! h"$ (een "n "!-"n"ge o (oh con$*,er$ %ho ,"y (enefi fro,

he "(iliy o ro", "n! $%ich c"rrier$ %iho* re+l"cing +hone$ "n! "l$o o ne%or'

o+er"or$ %ho c"n choo$e e.*i+,en fro, ,"ny GSM e.*i+,en -en!or$) GSM "l$o

+ioneere! lo%0co$ i,+le,en"ion of he $hor ,e$$"ge $er-ice 7SMS8 "l$o c"lle! e6

,e$$"ging %hich h"$ $ince (een $*++ore! on oher ,o(ile +hone $"n!"r!$ "$ %ell) The

$"n!"r! incl*!e$ " %orl!%i!e e,ergency ele+hone n*,(er fe"*re)

GSM i$ " cell*l"r ne%or' %hich ,e"n$ h" ,o(ile +hone$ connec o i (y

$e"rching for cell$ in he i,,e!i"e -iciniy) There "re fi-e !ifferen cell $ie$ in " GSM

ne%or',"cro ,icro ico "n! fe,o "n! *,(rell" cell$) The co-er"ge "re" of e"ch cell

-"rie$ "ccor!ing o he i,+le,en"ion en-iron,en) M"cro cell$ c"n (e reg"r!e! "$ cell$

%here he B"$e $"ion "nenn" i$ in$"lle! on " ,"$ or " (*il!ing "(o-e "-er"ge roof o+

le-el) Micro cell$ "re cell$ %ho$e "nenn" heigh i$ *n!er "-er"ge roofo+ le-el hey "re

y+ic"lly *$e! in *r("n "re"$) ico cell$ "re $,"ll cell$ %ho$e co-er"ge !i",eer i$ " fe%

!oen ,eer$ hey "re ,"inly *$e! in!oor$) e,o cell$ "re cell$ !e$igne! for *$e in

re$i!eni"l or $,"ll (*$ine$$ en-iron,en$ "n! connec o he $er-ice +ro-i!er#$ ne%or' -i"

" (ro"!("n! inerne connecion) U,(rell" cell$ "re *$e! o co-er $h"!o%e! region$ of

$,"ller cell$ "n! fill in g"+$ in co-er"ge (e%een ho$e cell$)

Cell horion"l r"!i*$ -"rie$ !e+en!ing on "nenn" heigh "nenn" g"in "n!

+ro+"g"ion con!iion$ fro, " co*+le of h*n!re! ,eer$ o $e-er"l en$ of 'ilo,eer$) The

longe$ !i$"nce he GSM $+ecific"ion $*++or$ in +r"cic"l *$e i$ 4 'ilo,eer$ 755 ,i8)

There "re "l$o $e-er"l i,+le,en"ion$ of he conce+ of "n e6en!e! cell %here he cell



49/149


r"!i*$ co*l! (e !o*(le or e-en ,ore !e+en!ing on he "nenn" $y$e, he y+e of err"in

"n! he i,ing "!-"nce)

In!oor co-er"ge i$ "l$o $*++ore! (y GSM "n! ,"y (e "chie-e! (y *$ing "n in!oor

+icocell ("$e $"ion or "n in!oor re+e"er %ih !i$ri(*e! in!oor "nenn"$ fe! hro*gh

+o%er $+lier$ o !eli-er he r"!io $ign"l$ fro, "n "nenn" o*!oor$ o he $e+"r"e in!oor

!i$ri(*e! "nenn" $y$e,) The$e "re y+ic"lly !e+loye! %hen " lo of c"ll c"+"ciy i$ nee!e!

in!oor$ for e6",+le in $ho++ing cener$ or "ir+or$) Ho%e-er hi$ i$ no " +rere.*i$ie

$ince in!oor co-er"ge i$ "l$o +ro-i!e! (y in0(*il!ing +ener"ion of he r"!io $ign"l$ fro,

"ny ne"r(y cell)

The ,o!*l"ion *$e! in GSM i$ G"*$$i"n ,ini,*,0$hif 'eying 7GMSK8 " 'in! of

conin*o*$0+h"$e fre.*ency $hif 'eying) IN GMSK he $ign"l o (e ,o!*l"e! ono hec"rrier i$ fir$ $,oohe! %ih " G"*$$i"n lo%0+"$$ filer +rior o (eing fe! o " fre.*ency

,o!*l"or %hich gre"ly re!*ce$ he inerference o neigh(oring ch"nnel$)

2.%.*.2 G&+ carrier !re=uencie#5 !re=uenc$ band#:

GSM ne%or'$ o+er"e in " n*,(er of !ifferen c"rrier fre.*ency r"nge$ 7$e+"r"e!

ino GSM fre.*ency r"nge$ for 5G "n! UMTS fre.*ency ("n!$ for G8 %ih ,o$ 5G GSM

ne%or'$ o+er"ing in he 3


50/149


ch"nnel$ i$ 5J


51/149


So,ei,e$,o(ile ne%or' o+er"or$re$ric h"n!$e$ h" hey $ell for *$e %ih heir

o%n ne%or') Thi$ i$ c"lle!loc'ing"n! i$ i,+le,ene! (y " $of%"re fe"*re of he +hone)

Bec"*$e he +*rch"$e +rice of he ,o(ile +hone o he con$*,er i$ y+ic"lly $*($i!ie! %ih

re-en*e fro, $*($cri+ion$ o+er"or$ ,*$ reco*+ hi$ in-e$,en (efore " $*($cri(er

er,in"e$ $er-ice) A $*($cri(er ,"y *$*"lly con"c he +ro-i!er o re,o-e he loc' for "

fee *ilie +ri-"e $er-ice$ o re,o-e he loc' or ,"'e *$e of free or fee0("$e! $of%"re "n!

%e( $ie$ o *nloc' he h"n!$e he,$el-e$)

2.%.*.* G&+ &erice# G&+ &ecurit$:

ro, he (eginning he +l"nner$ of GSM %"ne! ISDN co,+"i(iliy in er,$ of he

$er-ice$ offere! "n! he conrol $ign"ling *$e!) Ho%e-er r"!io r"n$,i$$ion li,i"ion$ iner,$ of ("n!%i!h "n! co$ !o no "llo% he $"n!"r! ISDN B0ch"nnel (i r"e of '(+$ o

(e +r"cic"lly "chie-e!) U$ing he ITU0T !efiniion$ eleco,,*nic"ion $er-ice$ c"n (e

!i-i!e! ino (e"rer $er-ice$ ele$er-ice$ "n! $*++le,en"ry $er-ice$) The ,o$ ("$ic

ele$er-ice $*++ore! (y GSM i$ ele+hony) A$ %ih "ll oher co,,*nic"ion$ $+eech i$

!igi"lly enco!e! "n! r"n$,ie! hro*gh he GSM ne%or' "$ " !igi"l $re",) There i$ "l$o

"n e,ergency $er-ice %here he ne"re$ e,ergency0$er-ice +ro-i!er i$ noifie! (y !i"ling

hree !igi$ 7$i,il"r o 3118)

A -"riey of !"" $er-ice$ i$ offere!) GSM *$er$ c"n $en! "n! recei-e !"" " r"e$ *+

o 3


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" ,e$$"ge c"n (e $en o "noher $*($cri(er o he $er-ice "n! "n of recei+

"c'no%le!ge,en i$ +ro-i!e! o he $en!er) SMS c"n "l$o (e *$e! in " cell0(ro"!c"$ ,o!e

for $en!ing ,e$$"ge$ $*ch "$ r"ffic *+!"e$ or ne%$ *+!"e$) Me$$"ge$ c"n "l$o (e $ore! in

he SIM c"r! for l"er rerie-"l) S*++le,en"ry $er-ice$ "re +ro-i!e! on o+ of ele $er-ice$

or (e"rer $er-ice$) In he c*rren 7h"$e I8 $+ecific"ion$ hey incl*!e $e-er"l for,$ of c"ll

for%"r! 7$*ch "$ c"ll for%"r!ing %hen he ,o(ile $*($cri(er i$ *nre"ch"(le (y he ne%or'8

"n! c"ll ("rring of o*going or inco,ing c"ll$ for e6",+le %hen ro",ing in "noher co*nry)

M"ny "!!iion"l $*++le,en"ry $er-ice$ %ill (e +ro-i!e! in he $+ecific"ion$ $*ch "$ c"ller

i!enific"ion c"ll %"iing ,*li0+"ry con-er$"ion$)

G&+ Inter!acin/:

Inter!acin/ )it" PC:

The GSM ,o!e, con$i$$ of " SIMCOM


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ig 5)52 GSM Inerf"cing

Adanta/e# U#e# o! G&+:

1) Ro",ing %ih GSM +hone$ i$ " ,"/or "!-"n"ge o-er he co,+eing echnology "$

ro",ing "cro$$ CDMA ne%or'$)

5) Anoher ,"/or re"$on for he gro%h in GSM *$"ge +"ric*l"rly (e%een 1332 o

5


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4) GSM h"$ (een he c""ly$ in he re,en!o*$ $hif in r"ffic -ol*,e fro, fi6e!

ne%or'$ o ,o(ile ne%or'$) Thi$ h"$ re$*le! in he e,ergence of " ,o(ile +"r"!ig,

%here(y he ,o(ile +hone h"$ (eco,e he fir$ choice of +er$on"l +hone)

) Higher !igi"l -oice .*"liy)

J) >o% co$ "lern"i-e$ o ,"'ing c"ll $*ch " e6 ,e$$"ging)

U&E& O G&+:

U$e$ encry+ion o ,"'e +hone c"ll$ ,ore $ec*re

D"" ne%or'ing

Gro*+ III f"c$i,ile $er-ice$

Shor Me$$"ge Ser-ice 7SMS8 for e6 ,e$$"ge$ "n! +"ging

C"ll for%"r!ing

C"ller ID U

C"ll %"iing)

M*li0+"ry conferencing

Afer " fe% *r(*len ye"r$ for he in!*$ry %e highligh $o,e of he 'ey f"cor$ %e -ie%

"$ criic"l for he conin*e! $*cce$$ of GSM) The$e incl*!e

En"(ling con-ergence %ih oher %irele$$ echnologie$

De-elo+ing Mo(ile Cenric A++lic"ion$

E-ol-ing he ,o(ile (*$ine$$ ,o!el

Mo(ile er,in"l enh"nce,en$ "n! -"riey

o$ering in!*$ry +"rner$hi+$ "n! co0o+er"ion$



55/149


Inero+er"(iliy "n! Iner0gener"ion"l ro",ing (e%een -"rio*$ +l"for,$.

G&+ AT Co00and#:

When " ,o!e, i$ connece! o "ny !e-ice 7co,+*er f"6 ec)8 %e nee! AT

co,,"n!$ o !irec he ,o!e, for i$ o+er"ion$) B"$ic"lly %e $en! co,,"n!$ !irecly o

he ,o!e, "fer "ci-"ing Ter,in"l ,o!e) Thi$ ,o!e i$ "l$o c"lle! "$ loc"l ,o!e or !irec

,o!e) A+"r fro, he ("$ic AT co,,"n!$ o $en! he SMS ,e$$"ge i i$ re.*ire! o h"-e

$o,e $+eci"l AT co,,"n!$) The ("$ic reg*l"rly *$e! AT co,,"n!$ "long %ih he SMS

AT co,,"n!$ "re !i$c*$$e! (elo%)

T"e AT Co00and or0at:

In$r*cion$ $en o he ,o!e, "re referre! "$ AT co,,"n!$ (ec"*$e hey "re "l%"y$

+rece!e! (y " +refi6 AT h" "re *$e! o ge he "enion of he ,o!e,

`AT_ `COMMAND_ aArg*,enbanb `ener_

AT 0 "enion co!e

Co,,"n! 0 " co,,"n! con$i$$ of one leer

Arg*,en 0 O+ion"l infor,"ion h" f*rher !efine$ he co,,"n!

n 0 *$e! %hen $eing " regi$er

o* ,"y $ring co,,"n!$ ogeher in one co,,"n! line "$ long "$ he o"l lengh

of co,,"n! !oe$ no e6cee! (ye$ ) The "enion co!e AT i$ only re.*ire! " he

(eginning of he co,,"n! line) A9 === "re he only %o co,,"n!$ %hich "re no +rece!e!(y AT)

U#in/ AT Co00and#



56/149


When i$$*e! o he f"6 ,o!e, AT co,,"n!$ !irec he f"6 ,o!e, o !i"l "n$%er

h"ng *+ "n! o +erfor, ,"ny oher co,,*nic"ion "$'$) So,e of he ,o$ co,,only *$e!

co,,"n!$ "re

AT7Aenion8 Thi$ i$ he co,,"n! line +refi6) 7All he co,,"n!$ li$e! e6ce+ A5"n!

,*$ (e +rece!e! (y he co,,"n! AT8) AAn$%er "n inco,ing c"ll DDi"l he follo%ing

+hone n*,(er ET*rn echo O HH"ng *+ ORe*rn o on0line $"e Re$e he ,o!e, o

he -"l*e$ $ore! in he N)) R", Re*rn o he Co,,"n! S"e A5 Re+e" l"$

co,,"n! 7Do no +rece!e hi$ co,,"n! %ih AT or follo% i %ih `Ener_8)

Re=ue#t rei#ion identi!ication CG+R

De$cri+ion

Thi$ co,,"n! i$ *$e! o ge he re-i$e! $of%"re -er$ion)

Pre!erred +e##a/e &tora/e CP+&

De#cri'tion

Thi$ co,,"n! "llo%$ he ,e$$"ge $or"ge "re" o (e $elece! 7for re"!ing %riing ec8)

Syn"6



57/149


Define! -"l*e$

`,e,1_ Me,ory *$e! o li$ re"! "n! !elee ,e$$"ge$) I c"n (e

J&+K SMS ,e$$"ge $or"ge in SIM 7!ef"*l8

J,+K CBM ,e$$"ge $or"ge 7in -ol"ile ,e,ory8)

J&RK S"*$ Re+or ,e$$"ge $or"ge 7in SIM if he E0SMR file e6i$$ oher%i$e

in he ME non -ol"ile ,e,ory8)

DRK College of Engineering & Technology 4J


58/149


Noe :SR; ME non -ol"ile ,e,ory i$ cle"re! %hen "noher SIM c"r! i$ in$ere!) I i$ 'e+

e-en "fer " re$e %hile he $",e SIM c"r! i$ *$e!)

`0e02_ Me,ory *$e! o %rie "n! $en! ,e$$"ge$

J&+K SMS ,e$$"ge $or"ge in SIM 7!ef"*l8)

If he co,,"n! i$ correc he follo%ing ,e$$"ge in!ic"ion i$ $en

=CMS `*$e!1_ `o"l1_ `*$e!5_ `o"l5_

When `,e,1_ i$ $elece! "ll follo%ing =CMG> =CMGR "n! =CMGD co,,"n!$ "re

rel"e! o he y+e of SMS $ore! in hi$ ,e,ory)

Pre!erred +e##a/e or0at C+G

De#cri'tion:

The ,e$$"ge for,"$ $*++ore! "re e6 ,o!e "n! DU ,o!e) In DU ,o!e "

co,+lee SMS Me$$"ge incl*!ing "ll he"!er infor,"ion i$ gi-en "$ " (in"ry $ring 7in

he6"!eci,"l for,"8)Therefore only he follo%ing $e of ch"r"cer$ i$ "llo%e!

a


59/149


E6",+le $en!ing "n SMS Me$$"ge in DU ,o!e

Define! -"l*e$

The `+!*_ ,e$$"ge i$ co,+o$e! of he SC "!!re$$ 7d


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`dc#_ 7T T0DCS8 _ `!""_ 7!or &+&&U,+IT onl$8

=CMGR `$"_`fo_`,r_[`r"_\[`or"_\`$c$_`!_`$_ 7for SMS SMS0

STATUS0REORT only8)



61/149


Re$+on$e $yn"6 for DU ,o!e =CMGR `$"_ [`"l+h"_\ `lengh_ `CR_`>_ `+!*_

A ,e$$"ge re"! %ih $"*$ :REC UNREAD; %ill (e *+!"e! in ,e,ory %ih he

$"*$ :REC READ;)

Noe he `$"_ +"r",eer for SMS S"*$ Re+or$ i$ "l%"y$ :READ;)

E6",+le

Ne) 0e##a/e indication CN+I

De$cri+ion

Thi$ co,,"n! $elec$ he +roce!*re for ,e$$"ge rece+ion fro, he ne%or')



62/149


Syn"6

Define! -"l*e$

`0ode_ conrol$ he +roce$$ing of *n$olicie! re$*l co!e$

Onl$ L0odeM2 i# #u''orted.

Any oher -"l*e for `,o!e_ 7


63/149


`0t_ $e$ he re$*l co!e in!ic"ion ro*ing for SMS0DE>IER$) Def"*l i$ IER$ "re ro*e! *$ing *n$olicie! co!e =CMTI :SM;ìn!e6_

5 SMS0DE>IER$ 7e6ce+ cl"$$ 5 ,e$$"ge$8 "re ro*e! *$ing *n$olicie! co!e =CMT

[`"l+h"_\ `lengh_ `CR_ `>_ `+!*_ 7DU ,o!e8 or =CMT ò"_[`"l+h"_\ `$c$_

[ òo"_ `fo_ `+i!_ `!c$_ `$c"_ ò$c"_ `lengh_\ `CR_`>_`!""_ 7e6 ,o!e8

Cl"$$ SMS0DE>IERS "re ro*e! !irecly *$ing co!e in `,_5

Me$$"ge of oher cl"$$e$ re$*l in in!ic"ion `,_1

`b0_ $e he r*le$ for $oring recei-e! CBM$ 7Cell Bro"!c"$ Me$$"ge8 y+e$ !e+en! on i$

co!ing $che,e he $eing of Selec CBM Ty+e$ 7=CSCB co,,"n!8 "n! `(,_)Def"*l i$

_`+!*_ 7DU ,o!e8 or

=CBM `$n_`,i!_`!c$_`+"ge_`+"ge$_7Te6 ,o!e8 `CR_`>_ `!""_

Cl"$$ CBM$ "$ `(,_5) Oher cl"$$e$ CBM$ "$ `(,_1)

`d#_ for SMS0STATUS0REORT$) Def"*l i$


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`d#_

_ `+!*_ 7DU ,o!e8 or =CDS `fo_`,r_ [`r"_\ [`or"_\ `$c$_`!_`$_ 7Te6

,o!e8

5 SMS0STATUS0REORT$ "re $ore! "n! ro*e! *$ing he *n$olicie! re$*l co!e

=CDSI :SR;`in!e6_ `b!r_ Def"*l i$


65/149


Pin Dia/ra0:

ig 5)53 in Di"gr", of B*er

Princi'le o! o'eration:

De+en!ing on ho% " +ieoelecric ,"eri"l i$ c* hree ,"in ,o!e$ of o+er"ion c"n

(e !i$ing*i$he! r"n$-er$e longi*!in"l "n! $he"r)

Tran#er#e e!!ect:

A force i$ "++lie! "long " ne*r"l "6i$ 7y8 "n! he ch"rge$ "re gener"e! "long he 768

!irecion +er+en!ic*l"r o he line of force) The ",o*n of ch"rge !e+en!$ on he

geo,eric"l !i,en$ion$ of he re$+eci-e +ieoelecric ele,en) When !i,en$ion$ " ( c

"++ly

C6 !6yy( 9 "



66/149


Where "# i$ he !i,en$ion in line %ih he ne*r"l "6i$ (# i$ in line %ih he ch"rge

gener"ing "6i$ "n!!# i$ he corre$+on!ing +ieoelecric coefficien)

4on/itudinal e!!ect:

The ",o*n of ch"rge +ro!*ce! i$ $ricly +ro+orion"l o he "++lie! force "n! i$

in!e+en!en of $ie "n! $h"+e of he +ieoelecric ele,en) U$ing $e-er"l ele,en$ h" "re

,ech"nic"lly in $erie$ "n! elecric"lly in +"r"llel i$ he only %"y o incre"$e he ch"rge

o*+*) The re$*ling ch"rge i$ C6 !666n

Where !66# i$ he +ieoelecric coefficien for " ch"rge in 60!irecion rele"$e! (y

force$ "++lie! "long 60!irecion 7in+C9N8) 6# i$ he "++lie! orce in 60!irecion [N\ "n! n#

corre$+on!$ o he n*,(er of $"c'e! ele,en$)

&"ear e!!ect:

Ag"in he ch"rge$ +ro!*ce! "re $ricly +ro+orion"l o he "++lie! force$ "n! "re

in!e+en!en of he ele,en#$ $ie "n! $h"+e) or n ele,en$ ,ech"nic"lly in $erie$ "n!

elecric"lly in +"r"llel he ch"rge i$ C6 5!666n)

In conr"$ o he longi*!in"l "n! $he"r effec$ he r"n$-er$e effec o+en$ he

+o$$i(iliy o fine0*ne $en$ii-iy on he force "++lie! "n! he ele,en !i,en$ion)

Electrical 'ro'ertie#:

ig 5)


67/149


!irecly +ro+orion"l o he "++lie! force +re$$*re or $r"in) The o*+* $ign"l i$ hen rel"e!

o hi$ ,ech"nic"l force "$ if i h"! +"$$e! hro*gh he e.*i-"len circ*i)

A !e"ile! ,o!el incl*!e$ he effec$ of he $en$orZ$ ,ech"nic"l con$r*cion "n!

oher non0i!e"liie$) The in!*c"nce >,i$ !*e o he $ei$,ic ,"$$ "n! ineri"of he $en$or

i$elf) Cei$ in-er$ely +ro+orion"l o he ,ech"nic"l el"$iciyof he $en$or) C


68/149


2.%.; EFternal EEPRO+ 0e0or$ 8


69/149


1)2 7CC 1)2 o 4)48

>o%0o%er De-ice$ 7ISB 5 A " 4)48 A-"il"(le

Inern"lly Org"nie!


70/149


50Bye "ge Wrie Mo!e 7"ri"l "ge Wrie$ Allo%e!8

Self0Ti,e! Wrie Cycle 71< ,$ ,"68

High Reli"(iliy

En!*r"nce 1 Million Wrie Cycle$

D"" Reenion 1


71/149


PIN Dia/ra0:

ig 5)5 in Di"gr", of EEROM

PIN Con!i/uration:

ig 5) in Config*r"ion of EEROM

Pin De#cri'tion:

&ERIA4 C4OC 8&C47:

The SC> in+* i$ *$e! o +o$ii-e e!ge cloc' !"" ino e"ch EEROM !e-ice "n!

neg"i-e e!ge cloc' !"" o* of e"ch !e-ice)

&ERIA4 DATA 8&DA7:

The SDA +in i$ (i!irecion"l for $eri"l !"" r"n$fer) Thi$ +in i$ O+en0!r"in !ri-en

"n! ,"y (e %ire0ORe! %ih "ny n*,(er of oher o+en0!r"in or o+en collecor !e-ice$)

DRK College of Engineering & Technology J1


72/149


DEICE5PAGE ADDRE&&E& 8A2 A1 and A37:

The A5 A1 "n! A< +in$ "re !e-ice "!!re$$ in+*$ h" "re h"r! %ire! or lef no

connece! for h"r!%"re co,+"i(iliy %ih AT5C1) When he +in$ "re h"r!%ire! "$ ,"ny

"$ eigh 5K9K !e-ice$ ,"y (e "!!re$$e! on " $ingle (*$ $y$e, 7!e-ice "!!re$$ing i$

!i$c*$$e! in !e"il *n!er he De-ice A!!re$$ing $ecion8) When he +in$ "re no h"r!%ire!

he !ef"*l A5 A1 "n! A< "re ero)

>RITE PROTECT 8>P7:

The %rie +roec in+* %hen ie! o GND "llo%$ nor,"l %rie o+er"ion$) When

W i$ ie! high o CC "ll %rie o+er"ion$ o he *++er .*"!r"n 7291K (i$8 of ,e,ory

"re inhi(ie!) If lef *nconnece! W i$ inern"lly +*lle! !o%n o GND)

Deice O'eration:

C4OC and DATA TRAN&ITION&:

The SDA +in i$ nor,"lly +*lle! high %ih "n e6ern"l !e-ice) D"" on he SDA +in

,"y ch"nge only !*ring SC> lo% i,e +erio!$ 7refer o D"" "li!iy i,ing !i"gr",8) D""

ch"nge$ !*ring SC> high +erio!$ %ill in!ic"e " $"r or $o+ con!iion "$ !efine! (elo%)

&TART CONDITION:

A high0o0lo% r"n$iion of SDA %ih SC> high i$ " $"r con!iion) Which ,*$

+rece!e "ny oher co,,"n! 7refer o S"r "n! So+ Definiion i,ing Di"gr",8)



73/149


&TOP CONDITION:

A lo%0o0high r"n$iion of SDA %ih SC> high i$ " $o+ con!iion) Afer " re"!

$e.*ence he $o+ co,,"n! %ill +l"ce he EEROM in " $"n!(y +o%er ,o!e 7refer o S"r

"n! So+ Definiion i,ing !i"gr",8)

ACNO>4EDGE:

All "!!re$$e$ "n! !"" %or!$ "re $eri"lly r"n$,ie! o "n! fro, he EEROM in 20

(i %or!$) The EEROM $en!$ " ero !*ring he ninh cloc' cycle o "c'no%le!ge h" i h"$

recei-e! e"ch %or!)

&TAND,- +ODE:

The AT5C59 fe"*re$ " lo% +o%er $"n!(y ,o!e %hich i$ en"(le! "8 *+on

+o%er0*+ "n! (8 "fer he recei+ of he STO (i "n! he co,+leion of "ny inern"l

o+er"ion$)

+E+OR- RE&ET:

Afer "n inerr*+ion in +roocol +o%er lo$$ or $y$e, re$e "ny 50Wire +"r c"n (e

re$e (y follo%ing he$e $e+$

7"8 Cloc' *+ o 3 cycle$

7(8 >oo' for SDA high in e"ch cycle %hile SC> i$ high "n! hen

7c8 Cre"e " $"r con!iion "$ SDA i$ high)

2.( &OT>ARE DE&IGN:



74/149


2.(.1Introduction:

Sof%"re !e$ign in-ol-e$ re+re$ening he $of%"re $y$e, f*ncion in " for, h"

,"y (e r"n$for,e! ino one or ,ore e6ec*"(le +rogr",$) The $of%"re !e$ign i$ !i-i!e!

ino follo%ing $*( +roce$$e$)

"8 Archiec*r"l De$ign

(8 *ncion Oriene! De$ign

a7 Arc"itectural De#i/n:

The inii"l !e$ign +roce$$ of i!enifying he $*($y$e,$ "n! e$"(li$hing he fr",e

%or' for $*($y$e,$ conrol "n! co,,*nic"ion i$ c"lle! Archiec*r"l De$ign)

The o*+*$ of "rchiec*r"l !e$ign +roce$$ "re n*,(er of gr"+hic"l re+re$en"ion$ of

he $y$e, ,o!el$ "long %ih "$$oci"e! e6) I !e$cri(e$ ho% he $y$e, i$ $r*c*re! ino

$*($y$e,$ "n! ho% e"ch $*($y$e, i$ $r*c*re! ino ,o!*le$)

A$ " +"r of "rchiec*r"l !e$ign +roce$$ follo%ing "ci-iie$ h"! (een c"rrie! o*)

Sy$e, $r*c*ring

Conrol ,o!el

&$#te0 #tructurin/:

Sy$e, $r*c*ring !e"l$ %ih !eco,+o$ing " $y$e, ino " $e of iner"cing

$*($y$e,$ hi$ co,+ri$e$ of $y$e,$) The Sy$e, $r*c*ring of hi$ +ro/ec i$ "$ follo%$)

ig 5) Sy$e, Sr*c*ring of Sy$e, U$ing GSM


GSM ,o!e, Microconroller Di$+l"y Uni


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Control +odel

To %or' "$ " $y$e, $*($y$e,$ ,*$ (e conrolle! "$ h" here $er-ice i$ !eli-ere!

o he righ +l"ce " he righ i,e) Conrol ,o!el$ "re concerne! %ih conrol flo% (e%een

$*($y$e,$)

Cenr"lie! conrol ,o!el h"$ (een *$e! o conrol -"rio*$ $*($y$e,$) The ,icro

conroller h"$ (een +rogr",,e! o conrol -"rio*$ noice (o"r! connece! o i) Cenr"lie!

conrol ,o!el i$ e"$y o *n!er$"n! "n! i,+le,en)

b7 unction Oriented De#i/n:

*ncion Oriene! De$ign $r"egy relie$ on !eco,+o$ing he $y$e, ino " $e of

iner"cing f*ncion$ %ih " cenr"lie! $y$e, $"e $h"re! (y he$e f*ncion$) *ncion$ "l$o

,"in"in loc"l $"e infor,"ion (* only for he !*r"ion of heir e6ec*ion) The e6ec*ion

!e"l$ %ih "ll he $"ge$ !e"l$ %ih he inii"li"ion of he GSM co,,"n!$ follo%e! (y he

r"n$ferring he !"" o ,e$$"ge !i$+l"y (o"r!) Thi$ "ci-iy in-ol-e$ !r"%ing "n! "n"lying

!"" flo% !i"gr",$)

2.(.2 Data lo) Dia/ra0#:



76/149


De$cri(e$ ho% he !"" flo%$ hro*gh he $y$e, "n! ho% he o*+* i$ !eri-e! fro,

he in+* hro*gh " $e.*ence of f*ncion"l r"n$for,"ion$) D"" flo% !i"gr",$ $ho%

f*ncion"l r"n$for,"ion$ (* !on# $*gge$ ho% ,igh (e i,+le,ene!)

ig 5)4 D"" lo% Di"gr",


>CDWAITING OR

MESSAGE

MICROCONTRO>>ERREADS THE

MESSAGE

CHECKOR

ASSWORD

A

MESSAGE TODIS>A BOARD

START

CHECK GSMMODU>E

A


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A $y$e, !e$cri(e! in hi$ %"y ,igh (e i,+le,ene! "$ " $ingle +rogr", *$ing

f*ncion$ o i,+le,en e"ch r"n$for,"ion)

ig 5) Me$$"ge Di$+l"y

When he ne% ,e$$"ge i$ recei-e! he ,e$$"ge i$ co+ie! o ,icro conroller) Then he

+"$$%or! in he ,e$$"ge i$ chec'e!) If he +"$$%or! i$ correc hen h" ,e$$"ge i$ !i$+l"ye!

on he noice (o"r!) When he ne% ,e$$"ge i$ recei-e! he ,e$$"ge i$ co+ie! o ,icro

conroller) Then he ,icroconroller chec'$ if he ,e$$"ge i$ in -"li! for,") If no i$ $en!$

"n error ,e$$"ge o o%ner)

DRK College of Engineering & Technology JJ

MESSAGE ON

NOTICEBOARD

COMESSAGE

DIS>ACHECK I

A>IDMESSAGE TO

DIS>A


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2.(.% unctional de#cri'tion#:

+ain unction#:

InitialiBation Routine#:

unction Na0e +ode0init

rooy+e -oi! ,o!e,Vini7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ he ,o!e,

In+*$

O*+*$ GSM ,o!e, i$ re"!y o (e *$e! in he +ro/ec

unction Na0e Initlcd

rooy+e oi! iniVlc!7-oi!8De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ he >CD o !i$+l"y ch"r"cer$ "n! n*,(er$)

In+*$

O*+*$ >CD i$ re"!y for !i$+l"ying

unction Na0e &erialinit

rooy+e oi! $eri"lVini7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ he $eri"l co,,*nic"ion) Se he !"" r"n$fer r"e

In+*$

O*+*$ Seri"l co,,*nic"ion i$ "-"il"(le for co,,*nic"ion)

&+& routine#:

unction Na0e Rec#0#no

rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r rec-V$,$Vno7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Ge$ he ne% ,e$$"ge in!e6 n*,(er

In+*$

O*+*$ Ne% ,e$$"ge in!e6 n*,(er


unction Na0e +ainrooy+e -oi! ,"in78

De$cri+ion Inii"lie$ "ll $*( $y$e,$) Chec' he "++lic"ion$ +erio!ic"lly)

In+*$ None

O*+*$ T"'e$ "++ro+ri"e "cion$ ("$e! on he in+*$)


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unction Na0e Read #0#

rooy+e oi! re"!V$,$7*n$igne! ch"r8

De$cri+ion Re"! he ,e$$"ge %ih he n*,(er +"$$e!

In+*$ In!e6 n*,(er of he ,e$$"ge o (e re"!

O*+*$ E6r"c$ +"$$%or! $en!er ,o(ile n*,(er co,,"n! i$$*e! "n!)

Chec'$ +"$$%or! i$ correc or no)

unction Na0e Delete #0#

rooy+e oi! !eleeV$,$7*n$igne! ch"r8

De$cri+ion Delee he ,e$$"ge %ih he in!e6 n*,(er $+ecifie!

In+*$ In!e6 n*,(er of he $,$

O*+*$ Me$$"ge i$ !elee!

unction Na0e Data co0'are

rooy+e oi! !""Vco,+"re7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Chec'$ he co,,"n! in he ne% ,e$$"ge "n! in-o'e$ "++ro+ri"e

f*ncion o "cco,+li$h i

In+*$ Co,,"n! in he $,$

O*+*$ A++ro+ri"e f*ncion i$ in-o'e! o +erfor, he co,,"n!

G&+ routine#:

unction Na0e &end b$te

rooy+e oi! $en!V(ye7*n$igne! ch"r8

De$cri+ion Sen!$ " (ye of !"" fro, ,icro conroller o g$, ,o!e,

In+*$ oiner o he $ring o (e $en

O*+*$



80/149


unction Na0e &end #trin/

rooy+e oi! $en!$ring7*n$igne! ch"r$r8

De$cri+ion Sen!$ " $ring fro, ,icro conroller o g$, ,o!e,

In+*$ oiner o he $ring o (e $en

O*+*$

unction Na0e Receie b$te

rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r rec-V(ye7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Recei-e! " (ye of !"" fro, ,o!e,

In+*$

O*+*$ Ch"r"cer recei-e! fro, ,o!e,

+e0or$ routine#:

unction Na0e Read b$te

rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r ,e,re"!7*n$igne! ch"r "!!8

De$cri+ion Bye of !"" i$ re"! fro, $+ecifie! "!!re$$ of he EEROM *$ing

15C co,,*nic"ion +roocolIn+*$ A!!re$$ of he (ye o (e re"!

O*+*$ D"" " he "!!re$$ $+ecifie!)

unction Na0e >rite b$te

rooy+e oi! ,e, %rie7*n$igne! ch"r "!!*n$igne! ch"r !""8

De$cri+ion Wrie of !"" i$ re"! fro, $+ecifie! "!!re$$ of he EEROM

*$ing 15C co,,*nic"ion +roocol

In+*$ A!!re$$ of he (ye o (e re"! "n! D"" o %rie " he "!!re$$$+ecifie!)

O*+*$

unction Na0e Read 0e0or$



81/149


rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r ,e,(ire"!7rite 0e0or$

rooy+e oi! Me,%rie(i7*n$igne! ch"r ch8

De$cri+ion Thi$ ro*ine$ %rie$ " (ye ino EEROM

In+*$ D"" o (e %rien o EEROM

O*+*$

unction Na0e Receie b$te

rooy+e Un$igne! ch"r rec-V(ye7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Recei-e! " (ye of !"" fro, ,o!e,

In+*$

O*+*$ Ch"r"cer recei-e! fro, ,o!e,

unction Na0e &tart bit#

rooy+e oi! Me,S"rBi78

De$cri+ion 15C $"n!"r! $"r con!iion) In!ic"e$ he $"r of he fr",e $en)

In+*$

O*+*$

unction Na0e &to' bit#

rooy+e oi! Me,So+Bi78



82/149


De$cri+ion 15C $"n!"r! $o+ con!iion) In!ic"e$ he en! of he fr",e $en)

In+*$

O*+*$

Dela$ Routine#:

unction Na0e Dela$ %3 0illi #econd#

rooy+e oi! !elV


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De$cri+ion Gener"e$ !el"y of 1 ,ille $econ!)

In+*$

O*+*$

4CD Routine#:

uncion Na0e 4CD Di/it#

rooy+e oi! >c! Digi$7*n$igne! ch"r8

De$cri+ion Di$+l"y$ he !igi$ on he fir$ line of he >CD)

In+*$ Ch"r"cer o (e !i$+l"ye! on he fir$ line of he >CD)

O*+*$ Digi i$ !i$+l"ye! on he fir$ line of he >CD)

uncion Na0e 4CD Clear

rooy+e oi! >c! Cle"r7-oi!8

De$cri+ion Cle"r

In+*$ None

O*+*$ None

uncion Na0e 4CD C"aracter

rooy+e oi! >c! Ch"r"cer7*n$igne! ch"r ch8

De$cri+ion Di$+l"y$ ch"r"cer on >CD)

In+*$ Ch"r"cer o (e !i$+l"ye!)

O*+*$

uncion Na0e 4CD Data

rooy+e oi! >CD D""7*n$igne! ch"r8

De$cri+ion Di$+l"y$ ch"r"cer +"$$e! on he >CD)

In+*$ Ch"r"cer o (e !i$+l"ye! on >CD " +re!efine! A!!re$$)



84/149


O*+*$ Ch"r"cer i$ !i$+l"ye! on >CD)

uncion Na0e 4CD In#truction

rooy+e oi! >CD in$r*cion7*n$igne! ch"r ch8

De$cri+ion Thi$ ro*ine %rie$ one (ye of !"" ino >CD "$ in$r*cion)

In+*$ In$r*cion o (e $en o >CD)

O*+*$ In$r*cion o $en! o >CD)

uncion Na0e 4CD Data

rooy+e oi! >CD !""7*n$igne! ch"r ch8

De$cri+ion Thi$ ro*ine %rie$ one (ye of !"" ino >CD "$ !"")

In+*$ D"" o (e $en o >CD)

O*+*$ D"" o $en! o >CD)

ig 5)J *ncion"l De$cri+ion$

CHAPTER %



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CIRCUIT DIAGRA+

CIRCUIT DIAGRA+



86/149


ig )1 Circ*i Di"gr", of ro/ec

%.1 >orin/:



87/149


A$ $oon "$ he circ*i i$ $%iche! on he Tr"n$for,er Recifier "n! he Reg*l"or

circ*i con-er$ he 5CD "n! he >CD !i$+l"y$ i on i$ $creen)



88/149


CHAPTER (

+ICRO I&ION IDE

+ICRO I&ION IDE



89/149


(.1Introduction and I0'le0entation:

>"at# Ne) in Qi#ion%?

i$ion "!!$ ,"ny ne% fe"*re$ o he E!ior li'e Te6 Te,+l"e$ *ic'

*ncion N"-ig"ion "n! Syn"6 Coloring %ih (r"ce high lighing Config*r"ion Wi"r! for

!i"log ("$e! $"r*+ "n! !e(*gger $e*+) i$ion i$ f*lly co,+"i(le o i$ion5 "n! c"n

(e *$e! in +"r"llel %ih i$ion5)

>"at i# Qi#ion%?

i$ion i$ "n IDE 7Inegr"e! De-elo+,en En-iron,en8 h" hel+$ yo* %rie

co,+ile "n! !e(*g e,(e!!e! +rogr",$) I enc"+$*l"e$ he follo%ing co,+onen$

A +ro/ec ,"n"ger)

A ,"'e f"ciliy)

Tool config*r"ion)

E!ior)

A +o%erf*l !e(*gger)

To hel+ yo* ge $"re! $e-er"l e6",+le +rogr",$ 7loc"e! in he C*1EFa0'le#

C2*1EFa0'le# C1@@EFa0'le# "n!AR+...EFa0'le#8 "re +ro-i!e!)

HE44O i$ " $i,+le +rogr", h" +rin$ he $ring FHello Worl!F *$ing he Seri"l

Inerf"ce)

+EA&UREi$ " !"" "c.*i$iion $y$e, for "n"log "n! !igi"l $y$e,$)



90/149


TRAICi$ " r"ffic ligh conroller %ih he RT Tiny o+er"ing $y$e,)

&IEEi$ he SIEE Bench,"r')

DHR-i$ he Dhry$one Bench,"r')

>HET&"re he Single0reci$ion Whe$one Bench,"r')

A!!iion"l e6",+le +rogr",$ no li$e! here "re +ro-i!e! for e"ch !e-ice "rchiec*re)

,UI4DING AN APP4ICATION IN QI&ION

To (*il! 7co,+ile "$$e,(le "n! lin'8 "n "++lic"ion in i$ion5 yo* ,*$

Selec ro/ec 07fore6",+le1@@E6A+P4E&HE44OHE44O.U2 8)

Selec ro/ec 0 Re(*il! "ll "rge file$ or B*il! "rge)

i$ion5 co,+ile$ "$$e,(le$ "n! lin'$ he file$ in +ro/ec)

Creatin/ -our O)n A''lication in Qi#ion2

To create a ne) 'roject in Qi#ion2



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Selec ro/ec 0 Ne% ro/ec)

Selec " !irecory "n! ener he n",e of he +ro/ec file)

Selec ro/ec 0 Selec De-ice "n! $elec "n 2


92/149


i$ion5 i$ " $"n!"r! Win!o%$ "++lic"ion "n! $"re! (y clic'ing on he +rogr",

icon) To cre"e " ne% +ro/ec file $elec fro, he i$ion5 ,en*

Project Ne% ro/ec) Thi$ o+en$ " $"n!"r! Win!o%$ !i"log h" "$'$ yo* for he ne%

+ro/ec file n",e) We $*gge$ h" yo* *$e " $e+"r"e fol!er for e"ch +ro/ec) o* c"n $i,+ly

*$e he icon Cre"e Ne% ol!er in hi$ !i"log o ge " ne% e,+y fol!er) Then $elec hi$

fol!er "n! ener he file n",e for he ne% +ro/ec i)e) ro/ec1) i$ion5 cre"e$ " ne%

+ro/ec file %ih he n",e RO@ECT1)U5 %hich con"in$ " !ef"*l "rge "n! file gro*+

n",e) o* c"n $ee he$e n",e$ in he ro/ec

>indo) ile#:

No% *$e fro, he ,en* ro/ec Selec De-ice for T"rge "n! $elec " CU for yo*r

+ro/ec) The Selec De-ice !i"log (o6 $ho%$ he i$ion5 !e-ice !""("$e) @*$ $elec he

,icroconroller yo* *$e) We "re *$ing for o*r e6",+le$ he hili+$ 2


93/149


file$ %ih e"ch (*il! +roce$$ %hen Cre"e HE file$ *n!er O+ion$ for T"rge O*+* i$

en"(le!) o* ,"y $"r yo*r ROM +rogr",,ing *iliy "fer he ,"'e +roce$$ %hen yo*

$+ecify he +rogr", *n!er he o+ion R*n U$er rogr", P1)

CPU &i0ulation:

i$ion5 $i,*l"e$ *+ o 1 M(ye$ of ,e,ory fro, %hich "re"$ c"n (e ,"++e! for

re"! %rie or co!e e6ec*ion "cce$$) The i$ion5 $i,*l"or r"+$ "n! re+or$ illeg"l

,e,ory "cce$$e$)

In "!!iion o ,e,ory ,"++ing he $i,*l"or "l$o +ro-i!e$ $*++or for he inegr"e!+eri+her"l$ of he -"rio*$ 2


94/149


or e6",+le yo* c"n *$e he fin! co,,"n! or correc +rogr", error$) rogr",

$o*rce e6 of yo*r "++lic"ion i$ $ho%n in he $",e %in!o%$) The i$ion5 !e(*g ,o!e

!iffer$ fro, he e!i ,o!e in he follo%ing "$+ec$

The :De(*g Men* "n! De(*g Co,,"n!$; !e$cri(e! (elo% "re "-"il"(le) The

"!!iion"l !e(*g %in!o%$ "re !i$c*$$e! in he follo%ing)

The +ro/ec $r*c*re or ool +"r",eer$ c"nno (e ,o!ifie!) All (*il! Co,,"n!$ "re

!i$"(le!)

Di#a##e0bl$ >indo):

The Di$"$$e,(ly %in!o% $ho%$ yo*r "rge +rogr", "$ ,i6e! $o*rce "n! "$$e,(ly

+rogr", or /*$ "$$e,(ly co!e) A r"ce hi$ory of +re-io*$ly e6ec*e! in$r*cion$ ,"y (e

!i$+l"ye! %ih De(*g ie% Tr"ce Recor!$) To en"(le he r"ce hi$ory $e De(*g

En"(le9Di$"(le Tr"ce Recor!ing)

If yo* $elec he Di$"$$e,(ly Win!o% "$ he "ci-e %in!o% "ll +rogr", $e+co,,"n!$ %or' on CU in$r*cion le-el r"her h"n +rogr", $o*rce line$) o* c"n $elec "

e6 line "n! $e or ,o!ify co!e (re"'+oin$ *$ing ool("r (*on$ or he cone6 ,en*

co,,"n!$)



95/149


o* ,"y *$e he !i"log De(*g Inline A$$e,(ly o ,o!ify he CU in$r*cion$)

Th" "llo%$ yo* o correc ,i$"'e$ or o ,"'e e,+or"ry ch"nge$ o he "rge +rogr", yo*

"re !e(*gging)



96/149


(.2 &te'# to EFecute &ource Code:

1) Clic' on he Keil *i$ion Icon on De$'o+

5) The follo%ing fig %ill "++e"r

) Clic' on he ro/ec ,en* fro, he ile ("r

) Then Clic' on Ne% ro/ec



97/149


4) S"-e he ro/ec (y y+ing $*i"(le +ro/ec n",e %ih no e6en$ion in * r o%n

fol!er $ie! in eiher C or D

) Then Clic' on $"-e (*on "(o-e)

J) Selec he co,+onen for * r +ro/ec) i)e) A,el



98/149


2) Clic' on he = Sy,(ol (e$i!e of A,el

3) Selec AT23C41 "$ $ho%n (elo%

1


99/149


1) No% !o*(le clic' on he T"rge1 yo* %o*l! ge "noher o+ion :So*rce

gro*+ 1; "$ $ho%n in ne6 +"ge)

14) Clic' on he file o+ion fro, ,en* ("r "n! $elec :ne%;

1) The ne6 $creen %ill (e "$ $ho%n in ne6 +"ge "n! /*$ ,"6i,ie i (y !o*(le

clic'ing on i$ (l*e (o"r!er)

1J) No% $"r %riing +rogr", in eiher in :C; or :ASM;

12) or " +rogr", %rien in A$$e,(ly hen $"-e i %ih e6en$ion :) "$,; "n!

for :C; ("$e! +rogr", $"-e i %ih e6en$ion : )C;



100/149


13) No% righ clic' on So*rce gro*+ 1 "n! clic' on :Add !ile# to Grou' &ource;

5


101/149


51) No% $elec "$ +er yo*r file e6en$ion gi-en %hile $"-ing he file

55) Clic' only one i,e on o+ion :ADD;

5) No% re$$ f*ncion 'ey J o co,+ile) Any error %ill "++e"r if $o h"++en)

5) If he file con"in$ no error hen +re$$ Conrol=4 $i,*l"neo*$ly)



102/149


54) The ne% %in!o% i$ "$ follo%$

5) Then Clic' :OK;

5J) No% Clic' on he eri+her"l$ fro, ,en* ("r "n! chec' yo*r re.*ire! +or "$

$ho%n in fig (elo%

52) Dr"g he +or " $i!e "n! clic' in he +rogr", file)



103/149


ig)1 Keil Sof%"re Sli!e$

53) No% 'ee+ re$$ing f*ncion 'ey :11; $lo%ly "n! o($er-e)


104/149


-oi! r"n$,in*,78

-oi! (ro"!c"$78

-oi! r"n$,i78

-oi! (ro"!c"$178

-oi! $en!78

-oi! ,$g!el78

-oi! !el"y7in8

-oi! ini78

*n$igne! in

i/$fo*n!(*f(*f1'leer$n*,1n*,5n*,n*,n*,4n*,n*,Jn*,2n*,3n*,n6

165fl"g

*n$igne! ch"r $r[


105/149


%hile718

a

r"n$,i7FAT=CMG>F8

SBUZFZ

%hile7XTI8

TI


106/149


(re"'

b

if7SBUZ3Z8

a

if7fl"g


107/149


b

if7fo*n!X


108/149


-oi! ,$g!el78

a

r"n$,i7FAT=CMGD1F8

SBU%hile7XTI8

TIb

!el"y73


109/149


/==

b

!el"y73

le!


110/149


99Chec'ing or Si, S"*$

r"n$,i7FAT=CINQF8

SBU%hile7XTI8

TIb

!el"y73


111/149


/==

b

!el"y73TI


112/149


113/149


SBUn*,

%hile7XTI8

TI


114/149


%hile7XTI8

TI


115/149


for7/


116/149


,o- IE P2CA>> DE>A

Mo- "P2h 5 line lc! ini"li"ion

>c"ll co,

>c"ll !el"y

,o- "P


117/149


C>R SK

SETB DI

SETB DO

>c"ll %rVen

MAIN1

Mo- "!!VloPO

ADD APOA

INC R1

MO AR1

C@NE AP@M RTMA4@M MAIN1

,"in

SETB 5)R 5)R 5)1

@NB RI

C>R RI

MO ASBU

Mo- lo"!"

INOT

@n( ri

Clr ri

MO ASBU

MO R1A

INC R1

MO AR1

C@NE AP@M T

ROCEED

Mo- "Pc"ll !el"y

,o- "P2 READ

MO ADATAV>O



119/149


>CA>> RATA

>CA>> DE>A

MO AADDV>O

ADD APOA

INC COUNTER

MO ACOUNTER

C@NE AP1c"ll !el"y

MO ACOUNTER

RTT C@NE AP5 DDE>A

>@M MAIN

!!el"y MO RP11ED$ !io!e$ "n! IC $oc'e$) Don# ry $ol!ering "n IC !irecly *nle$$ yo* r*$ yo*r $'ill in

$ol!ering) All co,+onen$ $ho*l! (e $ol!ere! "$ $ho%n in he fig*re) No% connec he

$%ich "n! hen $ol!er9$cre% if on he CB *$ing ,*li+le %"$her$ or $+"ce$) Sol!ering i



132/149


!irecly %ill only re!*ce i$ heigh "(o-e oher co,+onen$ "n! h",+er in i$ e"$y fi6"ion in

he c"(ine) No% connec he ("ery le"!)

A##e0blin/

The circ*i c"n (e enclo$e! in "ny 'in! of c"(ine) Before fiing he CB $*i"(le

hole$ ,*$ (e !rille! in he c"(ine for he $%ich >ED "n! (*er) Noe h" " ro"ry $%ich

c"n (e *$e! in$e"! of " $li!e y+e)

S%ich on he circ*i o (e !e$ire! r"nge) I %ill "*o,"ic"lly $"r i$ i,ing cycle$)

To (e $*re h" i i$ %or'ing +ro+erly %"ch he >ED fl"$h) The co,+onen$ "re $elece! o

rigger he "l"r, " fe% ,in*e$ (efore he $e li,i)



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CHAPTER @

TE&TING



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TE&TING

ig )1 Te$ing roce$$

Sy$e,$ $ho*l! no (e e$e! "$ $ingle ,onolihic $y$e,$) >"rge $y$e,$ "re (*il

o* of $*(0$y$e,$ %hich "re co,+o$e! of +roce!*re "n! f*ncion$) The e$ing +roce$$

$ho*l! herefore +rocee! in $"ge$ %here e$ing i$ c"rrie! o* in con/*ncion %ih $y$e,

i,+le,en"ion) Boo, *+ e$ing $r"egy h"$ (een follo%e! o e$ hi$ +ro/ec)

The ,o$ %i!ely *$e! e$ing +roce$$ con$i$$ of he follo%ing fi-e $"ge$

@.1 TE&TING PROCE&&:

Unit Te#tin/:

In!i-i!*"l co,+onen "re e$e! o en$*re h" hey o+er"e correcly) E"ch

co,+onen i$ e$e! in!e+en!enly %iho* oher $y$e, co,+onen)

+odule Te#tin/:

A ,o!*le i$ " collecion of !e+en!en co,+onen $*ch "$ +roce!*re$ "n! f*ncion$)

A ,o!*le enc"+$*l"e$ rel"e! co,+onen rel"e! co,+onen$ $o c"n (e e$e! %iho* oher

$y$e, ,o!*le$)


UniTe$ing

Acce+"nceTe$ing

Mo!*leTe$ing

S*(0$y$e,Te$ing

Sy$e,Te$ing


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&ub#$#te0 Te#tin/:

Thi$ +h"$e in-ol-e$ e$ing collecion of ,o!*le$ %hich h"-e (een inegr"e! ino

$*(0$y$e,$) S*(0$y$e,$ ,"y (e in!e+en!enly !e$igne! "n! i,+le,ene!) The $*(0$y$e,

e$ +roce$$ concenr"e$ only on !eecion of inerf"ce error$ (y rigoro*$ly e6erci$ing hi$

inerf"ce)

&$#te0 Te#tin/:

The $*( $y$e,$ "re inegr"e! o ,"'e *+ he enire $y$e,) The e$ing +roce$$ i$

concerne! %ih fin!ing error$ %hich re$*l$ fro, *n"nici+"e! iner"cion (e%een $*(

$y$e, "n! $y$e, co,+onen$)

@.2 TE&T CA&E&:

Acce'tance Te#tin/:

Thi$ i$ he fin"l $"ge of e$ing +roce$$ (efore he $y$e, i$ "cce+e! for o+er"ion"l

*$e) The $y$e, i$ e$e! %ih he !"" $*++lie! fro, he $y$e, +roc*rer r"her h"n

$i,*l"e! !"")

Seri"l

No)

Te$ C"$e De$cri+ion E6+ece! O*+* Ac*"l O*+*

TCID


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TCID


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O,&ERATION& AND INTERPRETATION O RE&U4T&:

;.1 Ob#eration#:



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igJ)1 Re$*l$

;.2 Inter'retation o! Re#ult#:

The re$*l$ of hi$ +ro/ec c"n (e -erifie! -ery e"$ily (y going hro*gh hi$ $ecion)

Re$*l$ "re iner+ree! for e"ch e$ c"$e "n! o($er-"ion$ "re e6+l"ine!)

TCID


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When GSM ,o!e, recei-e$ ne% ,e$$"ge$ i $ho*l! (e in!ic"e! o ,icroconroller)

Iner+re"ion

Inii"lly he GSM ,o!e, i$ $e ho% o in!ic"e he ne% ,e$$"ge$ o he

,icroconroller) I i$ +o$$i(le o chec' hi$ (y $en!ing " ,e$$"ge o he $y$e,) The

,icroconroller !i$+l"y$ " ,e$$"ge :SMS Recei-e!; %hene-er " ne% ,e$$"ge i$ recei-e!)

O($er-"ion

The ne% ,e$$"ge in!ic"ion i$ gi-en o he ,icroconroller) An! ,icroconroller

!i$+l"y$ he ,e$$"ge :SMS Recei-e!; on >CD)

TCID


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O($er-"ion

Me$$"ge !i$+l"ye! on noice (o"r!)

TCID


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+ERIT& DE+ERIT& AND APP4ICATION&

+erit#

I$ o+er"ion i$ $i,+le "n! e"$y

I i$ le$$ e6+en$i-e

I i$ highly efficien

+o%er re.*ire! i$ le$$

De+erit#

A$ here "re "!-"n"ge$ here "re $o,e li,i"ion$ of hi$ +ro/ec)

Thi$ ro/ec i$ " Microconroller ("$e! ro/ec) The ,"in li,i"ion i$ he $ie ofROM "-"il"(le on he chi+ for +rogr",,ing)

Since %e "re *$ing %irele$$ echnology for co,,*nic"ion he efficien o+er"ion of

o*r +ro/ec !e+en!$ on $ign"l of he $er-ice +ro-i!er)



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Anoher ,"/or li,i"ion i$ he conge$ion in he ne%or') D*e o conge$ion in he

ne%or' he ,e$$"ge $en!ing "n! recei-ing %ill (e !el"ye! %hich %ill "ffec he

+erfor,"nce of he $y$e,)

A''lication#:

I i$ ,"inly *$e! in o*r ho,e$)

I i$ "l$o *$e in he college$ "n! $chool$)

I i$ *$e! in "gric*l*re o ONO he ,oor +*,+$

CHAPTER

Remote Notice Board Using GSM

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