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REMOTE MULTI-PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM BY NET WORK

T. Manivanan, P. Ananthi, G.Renugadevi

Asst. Professor, Dept of Computer Science

Edyathangudy G.S. Pillay Arts and Science College Nagapattinam(T.N.)

Abstract:

In today’s world population is growing and death rate also increasing so, there is immeidate

need high quality and effective healthcare both at home and in hospital especially for old

aged physically challenged and infants who are alone at home. Developments in sensors,

miniaturization of low power microelectronics, and wireless networks are becoming a

significant opportunity for improving the quality of health care services. In this paper, the

multi-patients can remotely monitored using the developing technologies. The physiological

parameters such as body temperature, ECG, EEG, PPG and sugar level are monitored by

using Bio-sensors and these information’s are stored in database using IOT network. If any

abnormality of patient then the alarm will turn on to alert the staff and also that patient’s

current status are messaging to doctor through GSM module and this will help the patient to

get immediate attention in life threatening situations. This system can be implemented by

ARM Processor and it can be simulated by Keil C software.

Key words - ECG, EEG, PPG, ARM Processor, GSM, Keil C, Zigbee ,IOT.

I. INTRODUCTION

As portable devices like cellular phones, Tabs, android applications and players become

popular; people start to carry such devices around their bodies. In fast moving world, there

is no time for caring body in all times. At this point of time the health of each people has to

be monitored individually. The nurse/doctor has to keep a constant tab on the health

condition of each and every patient in the ward. The problem is that the doctor or nurse

cannot be present by the patient’s side 24 X 7. Also, the doctor has no access to the exact

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condition of his patients from any remote place. In case of emergency, the doctors cannot be

contacted directly in some cases and hence valuable time is wasted. To overcome these

problems, we use the wireless body area network with multi-patient monitoring system.

Zimmerman studied how such characterized the human body and used it as a

communication channel for intra-body communications. Later, the term PAN has been

modified to body area network (BAN) to represent all the applications and communications

on, in and near the body.One of the foremost engaging applications to use BAN is within

the medical environment to monitor physiological signals from patients. Wireless body-area

network (WBAN) could be a special purpose wireless-sensor network that

includes completely different networks and wireless devices

to change remote watching for varied environments. One of the targeted applications of

WBAN is in medical environments wherever conditions of an outsized range of

patients square measure unceasingly being monitored in time period. Wireless watching of

physiological signals of an outsized range of patients is one amongst the present wants so

as to deploy a whole wireless sensing element network in tending system.

Such associate application presents some challenges in each computer code and

hardware styles.Some of them square measure as follows: reliable communication by

eliminating collisions of 2 sensing element signals and interference from different external

wireless devices, low-cost, low power consumption, and providing flexibility to the patients.

A wireless medical sensing element network system once enforced in medical centers

has vital benefits over the standard wired-based patient-data assortment schemes by

providing higher rehabilitation and improved patient’s quality of life. In addition a WBAN

system has the potential to scale back the tending price also because the employment of

medical professions, resulting in higher efficiency.The present scenario of existing system

there are some shortcomings. If the patient is in unconscious condition then the system will

not inform that information to the doctors. This may sometimes leads to death then the

system should be wasted. Because, the monitoring system can save the human life and

health. So, to overcome these problems, we proposed a new system. Our system can monitor

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the brain movements using EEG sensor and also monitor the PPG for respiration, heart rate

and hypovolemia. If the patient is in unconscious condition then automatically alert the staff

by alarm and inform to doctor for further treatment.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

The proposed system is to the multi patient monitoring system using Zigbee network is in

any place. The physiological parameters such as ECG, Body temperature, sugar level,

EEG(brain condition), and Photo plethysmogram(respiration, pressure, depth of anesthesia,

cardiac cycle, hypovolemia) can be continuously monitored by using Bio-Sensors for

multipatients.

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Table.1.comparison between existing and proposed system

The IOT can gather the signals from sensors and transmit to the ARM Processor

(database).It can use the MICS band for long distance communication and WMTS band for

long distance communication. When the patient has any abnormality then the alarm will ring

and displayed . Then the GSM module can send the information to Doctor’s mobile for

intimation. The graphical interface programs on the laptop square

measure coded victimization keil C computer code .The comparison between existing and

proposed system can be shown in table.1.A. ECG Sensors

The ECG sensor sense the heart rate and cardiac cycle. Electrocardiography (ECG or

EKG) is that the recording of the electrical activity of the center. An graphical record is

employed to live the heart’s conductivity system. It picks up electrical impulses generated

by the polarization and change of viscus tissue and interprets into a wave. The wave is

then accustomed live the speed and regularity of heartbeats, as well as the size and position

of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart. The ECG waveform is shown in

fig.2 and Table.2 shows the pathological patterns of ECG waveform.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG

measures voltage fluctuations ensuing from ionic current flows at intervals the neurons of

the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous

S.NO PARAMETERS EXISTING

SYSTEM

PROPOSED

SYSTEM

1. ECG Sensor present present

2 EEG Sensor Not present Present

3. Temperature

Sensor

Present Present

4. PPG Sensor Not present Present

5. Sugar level Present present

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electrical activity over a short period of t ime, usually 20–40 minutes, as recorded from

multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications usually concentrate on the

spectral content of encephalogram, that is, the sort of neural oscillations that

may be ascertained in encephalogram signals.

Fig.2. ECG Waveform

Table.2. The Pathological patterns for ECG waveform

The types of waves in EEG are delta, theta,

alpha, beta and gamma.

2.1 Delta Waves

Delta is that the frequency vary up

to four cycles/second. It tends to be the

best in amplitude and also the slowest waves. It is seen commonly in adults in slow wave

sleep.

It is also seen normally in babies. It may occur focally with neural structure lesions

and normally distribution with diffuse lesions, metabolic encephalopathy hydrocephalus or

deep midline lesions.

Shortened QT interval Hypercalcemia, certain

genetic abnormalities,

hyperkalemia

Prolonged QT interval Hypocalcemia, certain

genetic abnormalities

Flattened or inverted T

waves

left ventricular

hypertrophy, digoxin

effect

Hyperacute T waves myocardial infarction

Peaked T wave, QRS wide,

prolonged PR, QT short

hyperkalemia

Prominent U waves hypokalemia

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Fig.3. Delta waveform

2.2 Theta waves

Theta is that the frequency varies from four cycles/second to seven cycles/second. Theta is

seen normally in young children. It may be seen in somnolence or arousal in

older youngsters and adults; it may also be seen in meditation. Excess theta for age

represents abnormal activity. It will be seen as a focal disturbance in focal neural

structure lesions; it will be seen in generalized distribution in diffuse disorder or

metabolic brain disease or deep sheet disorders or some instances of hydrocephalus. On the

contrary this varies has been related to reports of relaxed, meditative, and creative states.

Fig.4.Thetawaveform

3.Alpha waves

Alpha is the frequency range from 7 Hz to 14 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic

EEG activity he saw as the "alpha wave".This was the "posterior basic rhythm"

(also referred to as the "posterior dominant rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm"), seen

in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, higher in amplitude on the dominant side.

It emerges with closing of the eyes and with relaxation, and attenuates with eye opening or

mental exertion. The posterior basic rhythm is truly slower than eight cycles/second in

young youngsters (therefore technically within the alphabetic character range).

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Fig.5. Alpha waveform

4. Beta waves

Beta is the frequency range from 15 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen typically on each side in

symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely connected to

motor behavior and is mostly attenuated throughout active movements. Low amplitude beta

with multiple and ranging frequencies is usually related to active, busy or anxious thinking

and active concentration. It may be absent or reduced in areas of animal tissue harm.

Fig.6.Beta waveform

5.Gamma waves

Gamma is the frequency range approximately 30–100 Hz.Gamma rhythms area unit thought

to represent binding of various populations of neurons along into a network for the

aim of completing an explicit psychological feature or motor perform.

Fig.7.Gamma waveform

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6. PPG Sensor

A photoplethysmograph (PPG) could be a device wont to

optically acquire a volumetrical activity of AN organ. While pulse oximeters area

unit a usually used medical device the PPG derived from them isn't displayed, and is

nominally solely processed to work out pulse rate. PPGs will be obtained from transmissive

absorption (as at the finger tip) or reflection (as on the forehead).In outpatient settings,

pulse oximeters are commonly worn on the finger. However, in cases of shock,

hypothermia, etc. blood flow to the fringe will be reduced, resulting in a PPG without a

discernible cardiac pulse. In this case, a PPG can be obtained from a pulse oximeter on the

head, with the most common sites being the ear, nasal septum, and forehead.PPGs can also

be obtained from the vagina and esophagus.It can monitoring the heart rate, cardiac cycle,

respiration, depth of anesthesia, blood pressure and hypovolemia(Low Blood Volume).

They found that blood loss may well be detected each from the photoplethysmogram from a

pulse measuring instrument ANd an blood vessel tube. Patients showed a decrease within

the internal organ pulse amplitude caused by reduced internal

organ preload throughout exhalation once the center is being compressed.

Fig.8. PPG Waveform

7. Sugar level sensor

Sensors record glucose levels continuously around the clock.A tiny glucose-sensing

device referred to as a "sensor" is inserted slightly below the skin (subcutaneous tissue).

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It's very kind of like insertion of AN endocrine pump tube. Sensors are typically inserted in

the abdominal and tape is used to hold them in place. The detector measures the

extent of aldohexose within the extracellular fluid (fluid close the cell) each ten seconds

And changes it into an electrical signal. The signal represents the quantity of sugar within

the blood. A small transmitter attaches to the sensor. It sends a

symptom to AN endocrine pump or a pager-sized device referred to as a "monitor" that you

simply attach to a belt or the waist of your pants.

Fig.9. Sugar level Sensor

The system mechanically records a median aldohexose price each five minutes for up

to seventy two hours. Results of many finger stick {blood aldohexose|blood sugar|glucose}

readings smitten your glucose meter at completely different times day by day area

unit entered into the monitor for standardization. After three days, the sensor is removed

and the information stored in the CGM is downloaded into a computer. You and

your polygenic disorder pedagogue will then review your aldohexose levels in relevance the

opposite knowledge collected and create any necessary changes in your polygenic

disorder management set up. The information will be presented as graphs or charts that can

help reveal patterns of glucose fluctuations. The normal range of sugar level is 140-

180mg/dl.

8E. Zigbee

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create

personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an

IEEE 802.15 standard. Though its low power consumption limits transmission distances to

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10–100 meters line-of-sight, depending on power output and environmental characteristics,

ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through a mesh

network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. ZigBee is typically used in low

data rate applications that require long battery life and secure networking (ZigBee networks

are secured by 128 bit symmetric encryption keys). ZigBee features a outlined rate of 250

kbit/s, best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device.

Applications embody wireless light-weight switches, electrical meters with in-home-

displays, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that

requires short-range low-rate wireless data transfer. The technology outlined by the ZigBee

specification is meant to be less complicated and ZigBee incorporates a outlined rate of 250

kbit/s, best suited to intermittent information transmissions from a sensing element or data

input device. Applications embrace wireless lightweight switches, electrical meters with in-

home-displays, traffic management systems, and alternative shopper and

industrial instrumentality that needs short-range low-rate wireless information transfer. The

technology outlined by the ZigBee specification is meant to be easier and

fewer pricey than alternative wireless personal space networks (WPANs), like Bluetooth or

Wi-Fi.This kind of network eliminates use of physical information buses like USB

and LAN cables.

9. ARM Processor

ARM is a family of instruction set architectures for computer processors based on a reduced

instruction set computing (RISC) architecture developed by British company ARM

Holdings.RISC-based pc style approach meansthat ARM processors

need considerably fewer transistors than typical CISC x86 processors in most personal

computers. This approach reduces costs, heat and power use. Such reductions square

measure fascinating traits for lightweight, portable, powered devices—

including good phones, laptops, pill and tablet computers, and alternative embedded

systems.A simpler style facilitates additional economical multi-core CPUs and better core

counts at lower price, providing improved energy potency for servers. ARM Processor

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supports each 32-bit and 16-bit directions via the ARM and Thumb instruction

sets.The five parameters to be monitored square

measure detected mistreatment various sensing element and information is feed to ARM

processor. It offers high performance and really low power consumption.

III. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

The μVision IDE from KEIL combines project management, make facilities source code

editing, program debugging, and complete simulation in powerful environment. The μ

Vision development platform is simple to use and serving to you quickly creates embedded

programs that job.The Keil C development tools for the ARM processor family

support each level of developer from the skilled applications engineer to the

coed simply learning concerning embedded software package development.The industry-

standard Keil C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Debuggers, Real-time Kernels, and Single-

board Computers support all ARM processor compatible derivatives and help you get your

projects completed on schedule. With the Keil tools, we will generate embedded

applications for just about each ARM by-product.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS

In this paper, we use the ARM processor board for porting our ideas. Since when the

debugging, we get the results in UART window.The UART show the ARM microprocessor

was displays the mode of operation was shown in Fig.10.The patient current status in the

window can be shown in Fig.11.

Welcome to Patient Monitoring System

Patient Name: XXX

1.ECG measured

2.EEG measured

3.PPG Measured

4.Temperature Measured

5.Sugar level Measured

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Fig.11. Patient status window

V.CONCLUSION

In this paper , how the physiological parameters such as heart rate, sugar level, pressure,

Brain activities, body temperature and blood volume level can be measured was studied.

This system is more advantageous than other remote monitoring system for multi-patients.

Continuous observation with early detection has the potential to produce patients

with AN exaggerated level of confidence, which, in turn, could improve quality of life.

Continuous monitoring data into medical database and Combining mobile high bandwidth

with miniaturized sensor devices and computers will give rise to new services and

applications that will affect the change in the daily life of citizens. Patients provided with

some form of home-based monitoring have to be hospitalized less, and when they are

hospitalized, they are discharged earlier than unmonitored patients. In recent years the

technology can be developed rapidly and this system can use RFID Technology in future.

Welcome to Patient Monitoring System

Patient Name: XXX

1.ECG measured

2.EEG measured

3.PPG Measured

4.Temperature Measured

5.Sugar level Measured

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