Remobilisation of Lead and Nickel Residues in Esperance€¦ · Project Scope Purpose – to...
Transcript of Remobilisation of Lead and Nickel Residues in Esperance€¦ · Project Scope Purpose – to...
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Remobilisation
of Lead and Nickel Residues in Esperance
Report of the Working Group to the Steering Committee of the
Esperance Cleanup and Recovery Project
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Project Scope
Purpose
–
to determine if–
lead
–
and/or nickel
[harder, with ongoing export]–
residues in the Esperance townsite
[includes remobilisation from port to town]–
are
being
[concentrated on recent data]
–
remobilised.
[includes by air, water and by human or animal activity].
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Data sets reviewedAir
•
Deposition Gauges (EsPA)
•
Hivol
samplers (EsPA)Rainwater
•
1539 tanks, 2007 (DOH/UWA/Shire)
•
5 tanks, monthly (EsPA)Homes
•
21 homes, 2007, 09 (DOH)
•
11 homes, 2008 (LED)Vegetation
•
Leaves, flowers ’08, ‘09 (DEC)
Bird feathers
•
4 sites, ’07, ‘08 (ConsCouncilWA) Playgrounds
•
10 sites, ’08, ‘09 (Shire)
Bees
-
too late, site not known.Golder
Report
-
not reviewed.
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Air Sampling Sites
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Lead Deposition on Gauge 8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Nov-2004
Feb-2005May-2005Aug-2005Nov-20
05Feb-2006May-2006Aug-2006Nov-20
06Feb-2007May-2007
Jul-2007
Aug-2007Sep-2007Oct-2
007Nov-20
07Dec-2007Jan-2008Feb-2008Mar-2
008Apr-2
008May-2008Jun-2008
Jul-2008
Aug-2008Sep-2008Oct-2
008Nov-20
08Dec-2008Jan-2009Feb-2009Mar-2
009Apr-2
009Le
ad C
once
ntra
tion
(mg/
m2 /m
onth
)
Concentration = 72
■ indicates concentration below limit of reporting
•Below detection before and after export.
•Some lead during port cleanup, none from final export.
•No standard for lead in dust deposition.
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Lead Concentration at Hivol
site 2
0
0.05
0.1
Feb - 1Feb - 5Feb - 9Feb - 1
3Mar -
2Mar -
6Mar -
10Mar -
14Mar -
18Apr -
2Apr -
6May - 2May - 6Jun - 3Jun - 7
Jul - 2
Aug - 1Aug - 5Sep - 1Sep - 5Oct -
3Oct -
7^Oct -
11Oct -
15Nov - 2Nov - 6Nov - 1
0Dec - 1Dec - 5Dec - 9Dec - 1
3Jan 09 - 4
Jan 09 - 8*
Jan 09 - 12
Jan 09 - 16
Feb 09 - 2Feb 09 - 6
Feb 09 - 10
Feb 09 - 14
Feb 09 - 18
Feb 09 - 22
Feb 09 - 26
Mar 09 - 2
Mar 09 - 6
Mar 09 - 1
0
Mar 09 - 1
4
Mar 09 - 1
8
Mar 09 - 2
2
Mar 09 - 2
6
Mar 09 - 3
0
Apr 09 - 3
Apr 09 - 7
Apr 09 - 1
1
Apr 09 - 1
5
Apr 09 - 1
9
Apr 09 - 2
3
Apr 09 - 2
7
Individual HiVol Sampler Events Within Each Month
Lead
Con
cent
ratio
n (μ
g/m
3 )
Site 2 - Lead
Site 2 - Lead <LOD
Pre Oct 7, '08 LOD 0.01 μg/m3;Oct 7, '08 - Jan 7, '09 LOD 0.001 μg/m3;
Post Jan 7, '09 - LOD 0.003 μg/m3.
NEPM Standard (0.5 μg/m3) (Annual)
•All readings well below standard, many below LOD.
•Scale expanded to show readings -
↑error near LOD.
•Some lead (extremely low levels) –
Port shed removal?
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Nickel Deposition on Gauge 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Nov-1995
May-1996Nov-19
96May-1997Nov-19
97May-1998Nov-19
98May-1999Nov-19
99May-2000Nov-20
00May-2001Nov-20
01May-2002Nov-20
02May-2003Nov-20
03May-2004Nov-20
04May-2005Nov-20
05May-2006Nov-20
06May-2007Aug-2007
Oct-2007
Dec-2007Feb-2008Apr-2
008Jun-2008Aug-2008
Oct-2008
Dec-2008Feb-2009Apr-2
009N
icke
l Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/m
2 /mon
th)
■ indicates concentration below limit of reporting
Concentration = 42Ave pre-April ’08
9.1mg/m2
Ave post-April ’082.0mg/m2
•Recent change shows what can be done.
•Must be guaranteed to ensure no recontamination.
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Nickel Concentration at Hivol
site 2
•Licence target has been generally achieved.
•Ongoing low-level nickel emissions (well below target).
•Recently below detection during loading.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Feb
- 1Fe
b - 4
Feb
- 7Fe
b - 1
0Fe
b - 1
3Mar
- 1
Mar -
4Mar
- 7
Mar -
10Mar
- 13
Mar -
16Mar
- 19
Apr -
2Apr
- 5
Apr -
8May
- 3
May -
6Ju
n - 2
Jun
- 5Ju
n - 8
Jul -
2Ju
l - 5
Aug -
3Aug
- 6
Sep
- 1Se
p - 4
Oct -
1Oct
- 4
Oct -
7^Oct
- 10
Oct -
13Oct
- 16
Nov -
2Nov
- 5
Nov -
8Nov
- 11
Dec -
1Dec
- 4
Dec -
7Dec
- 10
Dec -
13Ja
n 09
- 3
Jan
09 -
6Ja
n 09
- 9
Jan
09 -
12Ja
n 09
- 15
Jan
09 -
18Fe
b 09
- 3
Feb
09 -
6Fe
b 09
- 9
Feb
09 -
12Fe
b 09
- 15
Feb
09 -
18Fe
b 09
- 21
Feb
09 -
24Fe
b 09
- 27
Mar 0
9 - 2
Mar 0
9 - 5
Mar 0
9 - 8
Mar 0
9 - 1
1Mar
09 -
14
Mar 0
9 - 1
7Mar
09 -
20
Mar 0
9 - 2
3Mar
09 -
26
Mar 0
9 - 2
9Apr
09 -
1Apr
09 -
4Apr
09 -
7Apr
09 -
10Apr
09 -
13Apr
09 -
16Apr
09 -
19Apr
09 -
22Apr
09 -
25Apr
09 -
28
Individual HiVol Sampler Events Within Each Month
Nic
kel C
once
ntra
tion
(μg/
m3 ) Site 2 - Nickel
Site 2 - Nickel
Licence Target (0.14 μg/m3)Shiploading events
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Rainfall vs
Lead in Tankwater near port, 2008
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
Jan-08
Feb-08
Mar-08
Apr-08
May-08
Jun-08
Jul-08
Aug-08
Sep-08
Oct-08
Nov-08
Dec-08
Jan-09
Feb-09
Mar-09
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Bostock St (DG3)Crossland St (DG5)Fallan Ct (DG8)Philips St (DG12)Smith St (DG11)Rainfall (mm)
ADWG 0.01mg/L
•Spikes unrelated to rainfall or lead dust levels.
•Many confounding factors.
•Potential stocks must be removed.
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DOH Tank survey
•
Post-cleaning sampling October ’07;•
Cleaning reduced lead level;
•
Some lead persisted –
may be–
Remobilisation, or
–
Lead from ’07 port cleanup;•
No sig. differences for tank or catchment characteristics.
EsPA Cleaning protocol too limited?
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Lead in tanks confounding factors
•
Lead from flashing on roof, solder in gutters;•
Roof surface rough or smooth;
•
Size of tank relative to catchment;•
Size of tank relative to usage rate;
•
Tank galvanised, concrete or plastic;•
Tank cleaned, first flush device fitted;
•
Gutters, roof cleaned, wash diverted;•
Rain may mobilise, stir sediment or dilute.
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Lead dust in housesInternal dust(std. 0.04 μg/cm2 accessible to young children)
Survey <0.04 0.04-0.24 >0.24LED 2008(near port)
1062.5%
637.5%
0
DOH 2009(transects)
11986%
1611%
43%
•Focus on points common to both surveys.
•Export ceased, some cleaning, still exceedances.
•Surfaces may have been overlooked –
cleaning protocol must be thorough.
•Need ongoing monitoring for recontamination.
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Internal lead levels in cleaned houses
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
1 2 3
House
Lead
con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/cm
2)
BeforeAfterRecent
•Blue –
pre-cleaning, Red –
after, 2007, Yellow –
2009.
•House 1 –
2/10 surfaces v, high, rest low (ave. 0.02).
•Recontamination or surfaces overlooked in cleaning?
0.8 Master bedroom0.6 Lounge, near window0.0470.0250.0220.0160.0150.0100.009
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Lead dust in houses•
’07 DOH survey
–
cleaning controlled
lead dust but recontamination occurred;•
’08 LED survey
–
some accessible
surfaces still above limit; ceiling voids may be ongoing source of contamination;
•
’09 DOH survey
–
recontamination or overlooked surfaces?
Thorough cleaning protocol with verification.
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Lead in flowers March ’08 vs
‘09
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
Site 5
Site 8
Site 9
Site 10
Site 11
Site 13
Site 14
Site 15
Site 17
Lead
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
)
20082009
* * * * *
*Concentration <LOR
Close to port –
may be from ’07 cleanup
Much lower in 2009, but some still above remote control.
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Lead in flowers (’09) vs Distance from Port
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Distance from Port (km)
Lead
con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/kg
)
•Remote sites show background level.
•Some sites close to port low, but still slightly elevated.
•Traces of lead transferred from adjacent old leaves?
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Lead on Bush Bird Feathers•
First sample Oct 2007 found high to very high lead levels at impact sites;
•
Second survey Oct 08, levels “much lower”, bulked samples to get readings;
•
Food chain (ants) sampled to check for bioaccumulation. No high lead found.
•
What is ultimate fate of lead in envt?•
Lead binds to surfaces -
Harder to remobilise; andHarder to cleanup.
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Lead in Playgrounds
•
Some swabs of slide handrails above standard –
equipment cleaned, ‘soft-fall’
sand replaced, if present;•
Some again elevated after cleaning –
suggests remobilisation –
how?•
Isotopic analysis of recent swabs –
not
Magellan lead.
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Nickel – the surveysHouses
•
DOH –
did not get data;
•
LED –
“continual recontamination”;Remobilisation from ceiling or new nickel?
Rainwater
•
DOH –
8% >ADWG after cleaning;•
EsPA –
2 sites >ADWG most of last year;
New nickel, since other sites OK?
Feathers
•
higher at impact sites in ’08;•
almost undetectable in
’09;
Flowers
•
’09 well below ’08 but still some nickel at sites close to port;
Playgrounds
•
all sites below detection at February 2009.
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Conclusions of data review•
No significant remobilisation of lead in air;
•
Some detected in rainwater, playgrounds after cleaning, but source unclear.
•
Near port ongoing low level lead on flowers may be historic from leaves.
•
Ongoing low levels of nickel detected.•
Further sampling will help to focus cleanup area.
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Recommendations•
No general remobilisation, Cleanup OK.
•
Protocol must be thorough to remove possible sources of micro-remobilisation (tanks, roofs, cavities).
•
Verification sampling needed.•
Ongoing sampling to detect possible remobilisation.
•
Strict controls on nickel handling to avoid new nickel contamination.
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Acknowledgements•
Paul Clifton, Shire of Esperance
•
Michelle Crisp, LED•
Nick Dunlop, Conservation Council of WA
•
Richard Grant, Esperance Port Authority•
Martin Matisons, DOH
•
Peter McCafferty, ChemCentre•
Peter Skitmore, DEC
and, of course, Wayne
& Sam.