RemindersReminders

• Exam II on April 8 (NOT APRIL 3!!!)Exam II on April 8 (NOT APRIL 3!!!)• Activity 2 due Thursday (3/30)Activity 2 due Thursday (3/30)

ReviewReview

• What is program music?What is program music?• What is absolute music?What is absolute music?• Program music was considered Program music was considered

progressive, absolute music progressive, absolute music conservative.conservative.

• What is the story of Berlioz’s What is the story of Berlioz’s Symphony fantastique?Symphony fantastique?

• What do the two movements we What do the two movements we listened to depict?listened to depict?

ReviewReview

• What is the idée fixe? The Dies irae?What is the idée fixe? The Dies irae?• What are some of the musical What are some of the musical

differences between classical and differences between classical and Romantic music?Romantic music?

Smetana and NationalismSmetana and Nationalism

• Bedrich Smetana (1824-84)Bedrich Smetana (1824-84)• Founder of Czech national school of Founder of Czech national school of

musicmusic• A Bohemian born composer who was A Bohemian born composer who was

caught up in the political movement caught up in the political movement for independence from Austria for independence from Austria

• Ties into a larger tend of nationalism Ties into a larger tend of nationalism everywhereeverywhere

Smetana and NationalismSmetana and Nationalism

• 8 operas in the Czech language8 operas in the Czech language• Dance music Dance music • Programmatic works, depicting Programmatic works, depicting

aspects of his homelandaspects of his homeland

Smetana's Smetana's Ma VlastMa Vlast

• Means “My Fatherland”Means “My Fatherland”• a series of 6 symphonic poemsa series of 6 symphonic poems• Definition of Symphonic poem (also Definition of Symphonic poem (also

called tone poem)called tone poem)• a new genrea new genre• a a single movementsingle movement orchestral work orchestral work• Based on an extramusical programBased on an extramusical program

The The MoldauMoldau

•A symphonic poem from Ma Vlast•Named after a river in Bohemia•Story of the tone poem is about

different parts of Bohemia as the river as it flows through it

The MoldauThe Moldau

• Some things represented in music...Some things represented in music...-bubbling brook (source of the river-bubbling brook (source of the river-The mighty stream: broad expansive -The mighty stream: broad expansive melodiesmelodies-Hunting scene: brass fanfares-Hunting scene: brass fanfares

The MoldauThe Moldau

• -Peasant dance: polka-like dance -Peasant dance: polka-like dance rhythmsrhythms-Nymphs in the moonlight: special -Nymphs in the moonlight: special instrumental effects, high strings, harp instrumental effects, high strings, harp etc.etc.-St. John rapids: agitated, frantic music-St. John rapids: agitated, frantic music

The MoldauThe Moldau

• -Largest part of the River: -Largest part of the River: exuberant triumphant musicexuberant triumphant music-Castle Vysehrad: hymn-like, -Castle Vysehrad: hymn-like, triumphant sectiontriumphant section-River flows on, fading away-River flows on, fading away

The Romantic symphonyThe Romantic symphony

• More conservative composers still More conservative composers still writing absolute music...writing absolute music...

• Four-(or more) movements in Four-(or more) movements in traditional forms: sonata allergo, traditional forms: sonata allergo, scherzo-trio, etc.scherzo-trio, etc.

Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)

• A Bohemian (Czech) composerA Bohemian (Czech) composer• Wrote both program music and absolute Wrote both program music and absolute

musicmusic• Wrote music in the character of Czech Wrote music in the character of Czech

folk melodies (a nationalistic thing)folk melodies (a nationalistic thing)• Spent some time in the US…Spent some time in the US…• And encouraged US composers to use And encouraged US composers to use

their own folk musictheir own folk music

Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)

• Americans followed European Americans followed European modelsmodels

• Dvorak: the best folk material for Dvorak: the best folk material for Americans was African-American Americans was African-American musicmusic

• He had African-American students He had African-American students and learned spirituals from themand learned spirituals from them

Dvorak: New World SymphonyDvorak: New World Symphony

• Written in the USWritten in the US• Standard 4-movement symphony, with Standard 4-movement symphony, with

traditional formstraditional forms• Loosely based on Longfellow’s Loosely based on Longfellow’s Song Song

of Hiawathaof Hiawatha• melody of slow movement has the melody of slow movement has the

character of an African-American character of an African-American spiritual (spiritual (Goin’ HomeGoin’ Home))

Johannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms

• Known for being a more conservative Known for being a more conservative composer…composer…

• Because he wrote in traditional Because he wrote in traditional forms...forms...

• And most works don’t have And most works don’t have programmatic titlesprogrammatic titles

Johannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms

• Wrote 4 symphoniesWrote 4 symphonies• Among the best known in the Among the best known in the

repertoryrepertory• Wrote the first one at age 40 (afraid of Wrote the first one at age 40 (afraid of

the standard Beethoven set)the standard Beethoven set)

Johannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms

• Symphony #3Symphony #3• Not on assigned listeningNot on assigned listening• Uses sonata formUses sonata form• Development varies theme 1 and Development varies theme 1 and

moves away from the tonic (main moves away from the tonic (main key0key0