Reminder… 2nd Essay 69Q5 now due on Wednesday 27th November 4 p.m.
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Reminder…
2nd Essay 69Q5 now due on
Wednesday 27th November
4 p.m.
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‘Good King Robert.’
Stable, well-supported reign?
Or is this the view of latergenerations torn by strife?
Archdeacon John Barbour’s The Bruce,written 1371-5.
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Good Medieval Scottish Kingship?
- Impartial Justice and Law and Order.
- Protect property and trade.
- Defend the realm in War.
- Fount of Patronage.
- Take counsel.
- ‘Live of his own’ resources
- Stable (adult male) succession.
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Robert I’s Restoration of Alexandrian Government
- Chancellor, Chamberlain, Marischal, Constable by 1308-09.
- First parliament March 1309.
- Justiciars - Thomas Randolph north of Forth
- Robert Lauder in Lothian
- but not in South-West!
- Sheriffs restored - often hereditary
- Revenue collection - e.g. burgh customs.
- Laws: restated and added to in parliament; codified by clergy
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- PATRONAGE - confirming
lands and rights to magnates
and churches before
Bannockburn; but after
Cambuskenneth parliament
November 1314 and forfeiture
of opponents really begins to
redistribute land to supporters...
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Key opponents forfeited...
Comyns - Buchan, Badenoch, Lochaber and many other NE and SW lands.
Balliol - Galloway and Lothian/Angus lands.
David Strathbogie earl of Atholl, lord of Strathbogie.
Macdougalls of Lorne and Garmoran in Argyllshire and isles.
English-based lords - de Guines, Ferrers, Zouche…
see G.W.S. Barrow, ch. 14.
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Robert I’s Key Supporters and patronage recipients
Thomas Randolph, earl of Moray/Annandale, Man, Justiciar etc.
James Douglas - Douglasdale, Selkirk, Lauderdale…
Ross earls - half of Buchan; Skye
Adam Gordon - Strathbogie
Campbells of Lochawe - Atholl, Argyll lands
MacDonalds - some Argyll lands but not Skye and Kintyre
Alexander Seton - Lothian lands
Frasers - NE and Angus lands
Stewarts - Kintyre, SW and Perthshire lands
Robert Bruce (bastard of Robert I) - Liddesdale
Robert Keith and Gilbert Hay (Marischal and Constable) - NE lands
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The Uncertain Bruce Succession
April 1315 parliament tailzie - Edward Bruce heir before Marjorie Bruce; sealed by magnates and prelates.
Dec 1318 - grandson Robert Stewart recognised as heir
[5 March 1324 (twin boys John and) David Bruce born.]
1326 - David Bruce recognised as heir apparent.
In each instance, Thomas Randolph named as Guardian in event of minority; then James Douglas; if Bruce line dies out, community to assemble to choose new lord.
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Declaration of Arbroath April 1320 - 45 or so magnate seals - 8 accused of treason Aug 1320
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The ‘Soules Conspiracy’ c. 1318-20
Oct 1318 - Edward Bruce killed in IrelandNov 1318 - Edward Balliol arrives in England
April 1320 - Declaration of Arbroath
Aug 1320 - ‘Black Parliament’:- William Soules, Roger Mowbray,Countess of Strathearn, David Brechin and several othersaccused of plot to kill Robert I.
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August 1326 Scone parliament
- Tailzie recognising David Bruce.
- ratification by three estates of Franco-Scottish alliance.
- Grant of a tenth of rents to Robert I who has run out of resources to sustain his household government:
But: - only for his lifetime; only through Exchequer; no pensions or exemptions to be granted from it; no prise.
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Robert I’s place-datesfor issuing charters,1323-28…
…a king slowing down?
In Ulster 1327, 1328…
…but not in south-westor extreme north orwestern isles as 1306-23.
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Robert I’s last year, 1328-29
Based at private manor house at Cardross, Dumbartonshire
Pilgrimage to St Ninian shrine,Whithorn…on route makes a number of land grants in returnfor military services...
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St Ninian’s Prioryat Whithorn,Galloway…
On route here Robertgranted charters inreturn for services of2 galleys, 4 armed men, 4 archers and a spearman…
Deathbed testament?Told son and subjectsnever to fight pitchedbattle; heart to go oncrusade with Douglas..
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The re-sealed heart of Robert I, buried at MelroseAbbey in the borders; his body’s tomb at the royalAbbey of Dunfermline, Fife.