REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and...

97
REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake- triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire-exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities around the world. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

Transcript of REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and...

Page 1: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES

Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire-exacerbated landslides impacted

people in communities around the world.

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

Page 2: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

2010

THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS

Page 3: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

IMPACTED NATIONS

• Haiti, Madeira (Portugal), USA (California) Brazil, Peru, China, Taiwan, ), Mexico, Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua), …

Page 4: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010

• Hundreds killed and injured.

• Homes damaged, and destroyed.

• Cars damaged and destroyed.

• Lives and livelihoods of thousands adversely affected.

• Medical care needs of evacuees and displaced persons increased sharply

Page 5: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued)

• Infrastructure (roads, bridges) damaged and destroyed.

• Emergency assistance slowed.

• $ Hundreds of millions in uninsured or self-insured economic losses.

Page 6: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

BASIC PHYSICS OF LANDSLIDES

Planet Earth’s Restlessness (Because of Slopes and Gravity) Causes:

Landslides

Page 7: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDES

NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT OCCUR WITH OR WITHOUT

HUMAN ACTIVITY

Page 8: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDES

Falls, Topples, Slides, Spreads, Flows

Page 9: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDE HAZARD

• Landslides encompass all categories of gravity-related slope failures in Earth materials.

Page 10: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SLOPES

• Slopes are the most common landforms.

• Although they appear stable and static, slopes are actually dynamic, evolving systems.

Page 11: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SLOPES

• Material is constantly moving on slopes at rates varying from imperceptible creep to thundering avalanches and rock falls moving at high velocities.

Page 12: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

THE COMBINATION OF WINTER STORMS, HEAVY RAINFALL, FLASH FLOODS AND THE RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PAST WILDFIRES, EARTHQUAKES, HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS, TREE CLEARING, AND URBANIZATION IS INCREASING LANDSLIDE RISK EVERYWHERE.

Page 13: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

PHENOMENA THAT TRIGGER LANDSLIDES

• Gravity slope failures are triggered by earthquake ground shaking and excessive precipitation

• The slope does not need to be very steep for a landslide to occur.

Page 14: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDES• HAITI

•MACHU PICCHU

•SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

•MADEIRA (Portugal)

•RIO DE JANEIRO

Page 15: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDES• TAIWAN

•CENTRAL AMERICA

•CHINA

•Mexico

Page 16: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

M7.0 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES HAITI

THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE’S POOREST NATION WITH 8 IN 10 AT

POVERTY LEVEL HIT HARD!!

4:53 p.m.; JANUARY 12, 2010

Page 17: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

THE HAITI EARTHQUAKE AND THE CARIBBEAN PLATE

Page 18: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION IN A NATION OF NINE MILLION

Page 19: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE

Page 20: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE

Page 21: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

RAIN AND MUDSLIDES IN MACHU PICCHU

2,500 TOURISTS STRANDED

JANUARY 28, 2010

Page 22: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

On January 28, 2010, rain and mudflows devastated the homes of thousands of Peruvians living in the vicinity of Machu Picchu and created havoc for tourists visiting Machu Picchu and the

Peruvian authorities.

Page 23: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

MACHU PICCHU

Page 24: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Peruvian authorities used helicopters to airlift some of the foreign tourists trapped by rain and mudslides that killed seven people visiting the famed Inca

ruins.

Page 25: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

MUDFLOWS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA:FEB 6, 2010

THE INTERSECTION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN FIRST WINTER STORM OF 2010 AND BURNED OUT AREAS FROM WILDFIRES OF 2009 INCREASED RISK

Page 26: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FACT: MUDSLIDES INCREASE AFTER WILDFIRES

Page 27: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LA CONCHITA, CA

Page 28: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

MUDSLIDES IN LA CONCHITA, CA: JAN 13, 2010

Page 29: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

MUDSLIDES IN LA CONCHITA, CA

Page 30: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

CARS TRAPPED IN FLASH FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES

Page 31: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

CARS TRAPPED IN MUDSLIDES

Page 32: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

MUDSLIDES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Page 33: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

ANOTHER VIEW

Page 34: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SHOVELING MUD

Page 35: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

As the first storm of the 2010 season moved into Southern

California, the National Weather Service issued flash-flood watches and mudflow warnings for wildfire- burn zones in mountain areas from Santa Barbara to San Bernardino

counties.

Page 36: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

This storm tapped into subtropical moisture, giving it the potential to bring moderate to heavy rain and create significant hazards of flash

flooding and debris flows, especially in the 2009 burn areas of

Santa Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties.

Page 37: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

WILDFIRE-BURN AREAS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MUDFLOWS

Page 38: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SANDBAGS: FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST FLOODING

Page 39: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

K-RAILS: FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST MUDFLOWS

Page 40: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FLASH FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES IN THE MADEIRA ISLANDS,

PORTUGAL

AT LEAST 42 DEAD

FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

Page 41: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LOCATION OF MADEIRA

Page 42: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

WHAT HAPPENED

The worst storm to hit Madeira since 1993 lashed the south of the

Atlantic Ocean island, including the capital, Funchal, Saturday,

turning some streets into torrents of mud, water and debris.

Page 43: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

WHAT HAPPENED (continued)

The flash floods were so powerful they carved paths down

mountains and ripped through the city, churning under some bridges

and tearing others down.

Page 44: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD

Page 45: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FEBRUARY 21

Page 46: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

WHAT HAPPENED (continued)

Funchal’s residents and visitors had to contend with a lack of fresh

water as a result of destroyed infrastructure.

Page 47: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FEBRUARY 21

Page 48: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL

WORST IN 50 YEARS

APRIL 7, 2010

Page 49: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

The worst rains in Rio’s history triggered about 200 mudslides,

destroying homes in hillside community slums, killing as many as 200 people, injuring hundreds

more, and leaving thousands without shelter.

Page 50: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

WIDESPREAD INUNDATION

Page 51: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

RIO DE JANEIRO

Page 52: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

CITY OF NITEROI--RIO DE JANEIRO AREA

Page 53: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FEBRUARY 25: RIO DE JANIERO, BRAZIL

Page 54: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

BRAZIL: JANUARY 1, 2010

Page 55: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

10,000 homes, mostly in the slums where about a fifth of Rio's people

live, often in shacks that are vulnerable to heavy rains, were severely damaged by

mudslides

Page 56: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Page 57: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN

EXACERBATED BY A M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN

APRIL 26, 2010

Page 58: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LOCATION

Page 59: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDE

Page 60: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Page 61: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

TROPICAL STORM AGATHA TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES IN

CENTRAL AMERICA

EXACERBATED BY PROLONGED RAINFALL

MAY 29, 2010

Page 62: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Over 140 landslides were triggered in Guatemala and Nicaragua.

Page 63: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

VICTIMS OF LANDSLIDES: GUATEMALA

Page 64: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LANDSLIDE IN ZHONQU COUNTY, CHINA

Over 700 dead, hundreds injured, and over 1,000 missing

Midnight - Saturday, August 7, 2010

Page 65: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

A massive landslide triggered by heavy rainfall in Zhouqu County set

in motion the side of a mountain, that damaged, toppled, and buried

buildings and their sleeping residents on Sunday, August 8th.

Page 66: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

An estimated 1.8 million cubic meters of mud and debris flattened

three villages in Zhouqu; In Yueyuan village, not a single

structure was left undamaged after the landslides occurred.

Page 67: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

MUDSLIDE: ZHONGU, CHINA

Page 68: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

DAMAGED BUILDINGS

Page 69: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

In addition, rock, mud, and debris from the landslide blocked the

Bailong River which passes through the area, creating a 3km (2-

mile) long temporary lake.

Page 70: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Water in the temporary lake overflowed, sending waves of

water, mud and rocks crashing down on the town, inundating low-lying neighborhoods with up to 4

meters of water.

Page 71: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

FLOODED STREETS

Page 72: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

EXPLOSIONS RELEASED THE BLOCKED BAILONG RIVER

Page 73: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

PRIME MINISTER WEN JIABAO CALLED FOR ACTION: AUG 8TH

Page 74: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

The Chinese army deployed 5,300 soldiers with 150 vehicles, 20 speed

boats and four helicopters, and rescued 1,240 people from the

landslide mud and debris, or from the tops of buildings where survivors had taken refuge.

.

Page 75: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

RESCUE WORKERS

Page 76: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Over a meter of mud in many parts of the impacted area and rugged terrain made it almost impossible for rescue teams to bring in vital heavy equipment and specialists

needed for search and rescue operations.

Page 77: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

A SURVIVOR AWAITING RESCUE

Page 78: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Page 79: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

A SUCCESSFUL RESCUE

Page 80: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

A SUCCESSFUL RESCUE

Page 81: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Streams of refugees left the area, carrying a few possessions they had managed to salvage; others

carrying the bodies of loved ones.

Page 82: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Power lines were down in two-thirds of the county

.

Page 83: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Thousands of homeless residents were forced to live in the open, or in

the rubble of unsafe buildings, as dry, stable areas were not available

to establish temporary shelters using tents provided by the

Government.

.

Page 84: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

At least 45,000 people were evacuated, including the residents of downstream towns thought to be at risk from new landslides that may be triggered in conjunction with the

continuing rainfall.

.

Page 85: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

RAIN-TRIGGERED MUDSLIDE BURIES HUNDREDS IN

SANTA MARIA TLAHUITOLTEPEC, STATE

OF OAXACA, MEXICO

SEPTEMBER, 28, 2010

Page 86: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LOCATION

Page 87: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

LOCATION

Page 88: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

The landslide, triggered by heavy rain fall from Hurricane Karl and tropical storm Matthew, buried

hundreds in Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec, MX, around 4 am as

they slept.

Page 89: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

TROPICAL STORM MATTHEW: SEPT 24, 2010

Page 90: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Matthew moved northward towards Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula with heavy rain

fall.

Page 91: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

During 2010, Oaxaca and some other parts of Mexico

endured their worst rainy season on record, with

heavy flooding and mudslides forcing

thousands from their homes.

Page 92: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec, famous for its colonial

buildings and archaeological sites, is the home of the indigenous Mixe culture,

which is considered one of Mexico's poorest of the poor.

Page 93: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

A VIEW OF THE LANDSLIDE

Page 94: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

A VIEW OF THE LANDSLIDE

Page 95: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

The slide dragged several houses some 400 m down the hillside along with cars, livestock and

light poles.

Page 96: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

Bad weather and roads damaged by earlier

mudslides kept emergency rescue teams from reaching the residents of Santa Maria

Tlahuitoltepec

Page 97: REMEMBERING 2O10’S LANDSLIDES Rain-triggered, earthquake-triggered, hurricane-triggered, and wildfire- exacerbated landslides impacted people in communities.

It is not clear how many homes were damaged or buried in the

slide and how many were killed.