RememberRememberCovalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds

Composed of two or more Composed of two or more nonmetalsnonmetals..

Usually gases or liquids at room Usually gases or liquids at room temperature.temperature.

Rule 1Rule 1

The element with the lowest group The element with the lowest group number is written number is written firstfirst. The element . The element with the higher group number is with the higher group number is written written second.second.

Exception: when the compound Exception: when the compound contains oxygen and a halogen, the contains oxygen and a halogen, the name of the halogen is the name of the halogen is the firstfirst word word in the name.in the name.

Rule 2Rule 2

If both elements are in the same If both elements are in the same group, the element with the group, the element with the higher higher period numberperiod number is written first. is written first.

Rule 3Rule 3

The second element in the name is The second element in the name is named as if it was an anion, by named as if it was an anion, by adding the suffix adding the suffix -ide-ide to the name to the name of the element.of the element.

Rule 4Rule 4

Greek prefixesGreek prefixes are used to indicate are used to indicate the number of atoms of each the number of atoms of each nonmetal element present.nonmetal element present.

The prefix mono is only used for The prefix mono is only used for oxygenoxygen

Greek PrefixesGreek Prefixes

You use most of these regularly. For You use most of these regularly. For example:example:

What do you call a train that runs on What do you call a train that runs on one rail?one rail?

MONOMONORAILRAIL

On your paper come up with a good On your paper come up with a good example for the prefix we use daily example for the prefix we use daily

for for 33??

Greek PrefixesGreek PrefixesHere is an example of how we use the prefixes Here is an example of how we use the prefixes

with the elements to name compounds.with the elements to name compounds.

ACIDSACIDS

Acids are a special group of compounds.Acids are a special group of compounds. When naming acids and writing their When naming acids and writing their

formulas, you can consider them to be formulas, you can consider them to be combinations of anions connected to as combinations of anions connected to as many hydrogen ions (Hmany hydrogen ions (H++) as are needed ) as are needed to make the molecule electrically neutral.to make the molecule electrically neutral.

Many industrial processes, including Many industrial processes, including steel and fertilizer manufacturing, use steel and fertilizer manufacturing, use acids. acids.

Common AcidsCommon AcidsName Formula

Hydrochloric acid HCl

Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

Nitric acid HNO3

Acetic acid HC2H3O2

Hydrobromic acid HBr

Phosphoric acid H3PO4

Carbonic acid H2CO3

PracticePractice

Example #1: NExample #1: N22OO44 :_________________ :_________________

Example #2: SFExample #2: SF66 :___________________ :___________________

Example #3: diphosphorus Example #3: diphosphorus pentoxide:______pentoxide:______

Example #4: nitrogen Example #4: nitrogen pentachloride :_______pentachloride :_______