Remedies - Notes Marylise

8/17/2019 Remedies - Notes Marylise

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DTN 726 – RECOURS CIVILS

PART I: DAMAGES: GENERAL PRINCIPLES..................................................................2 A) REMOTENESS..................................................................................................3B) CERTAINTY AND CAUSATION – applied to futue lo!!e!" loo# fo $%) lo!t oppotu&it'($) *+a&*e of lo!! –...................................................................................................4C) MITIGATION......................................................................................................4

D) TIME O, ASSESSMENT.....................................................................................5E) ALTERNATE PER,ORMANCE – MINIMUM PER,ORMANCE PRINCIPLE................8,) COST O, PER,ORMANCE -ERSUS DIMINUTION O, -ALUE................................9G) BENE,IT TO T.E DE,ENDANT.........................................................................11.) NON/PECUNIARY LOSS IN CONTRACT............................................................14I) PUNITI-E A0ARDS...........................................................................................161) PERSONAL IN1URY..........................................................................................172) COLLATERAL BENE,ITS..................................................................................20

PART II: SPECI,IC REMEDIES....................................................................................223UIA TIMET IN1UNCTIONS..................................................................................23IRREPARABLE .ARM..........................................................................................23

L) IN1UNCTIONS -ERSUS DAMAGES...................................................................26M) INTERLOCUTORY IN1UNCTIONS.....................................................................26N) SPECI,IC PER,ORMANCE..............................................................................30

Spe*ifi* Pefo4a&*e of Pe!o&al Se5i*e Co&ta*t!.................................................33RE-IE0 3UESTIONS................................................................................................34

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PecuniaryCapable of mathematical calculation

Non-Pecuniary:e.g. pain, sue!ing

Special Damages: Can be calculate" #ith p!ecision. $% to plea" an" p!o%e. &.g. lost ', out of pGeneral*can be "i+cult to estim

Liquidated Damages:-a!ties ag!ee in a"%ance on amount. &.g. b!each of !est!icti%e co%enant, #hich p!o%i"e" fo! specic penalt/.

PART I: DAMAGES: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

INTRODUCTION0+at i! a e4ed'6• I&7u&*tio&!( da4a8e!( !pe*ifi* pefo4a&*e

• Co&!tu*ti5e tu!t: e!pe*t of popet'( 8i5e a& o9&e!+ip

• A**ou&ti&8 da4a8e! : fi8ui&8 out t+e a4ou&t a&d 4a#i&8 t+e defe&da&t pa' it to t+e plai&tiff

Re4edie! ae a;out *out ode! So4e !a' it

• A88a5ated ? E=e4pla' Da4a8e! – $Rae) A9aded to efle*t Pl lo!! a! a e!ult of Def *o&du*t E=a4ple: Pl +u4iliatio&;' Def *o&du*t Batte' !ituatio&: &ot o&l' did t+e D ;eat up( ;ut !aid t+i&8! to +u4iliate t+e4

• Pu&iti5e Da4a8e! – $Rae) Not *o4pul!o' Mea&t to pu&i!+ t+e Def fo t+ei @outa8eou! ;e+a5iou It a4ou&t! to a fi&epa'a;le to t+e Pl E= Ne8li8e&*e Leadi&8 *a!e! i& i&!ua&*e Cie( 9+e& t+e' did&t i&!ue !a'i&8 t+e P ;u&ed do9& t+ei o9& +ou!e " &o ;a!i! at all

• Spe*ial Da4a8e! – Capa;le of pe*i!e ua&tifi*atio& at t+e ti4e of tial T+e' *o4pe&!ate fo t+i&8! alead' o**uedE=a4ple: out/of/po*#et e=pe&!e!( 4i!!ed 9o#( ta5el) T+e' +a5e to ;e !pe*ifi*all' outli&ed i& t+e *lai4

• Ge&eal Da4a8e! – ,o t+i&8! t+at +a5e &ot 'et +appe&ed ;ut 9ill euie *o4pe&!atio& fo t+e futue T+i! *lai4 i!8e&eall' 4oe 5a8ue

• Pe*u&ia' Da4a8e! – Mo&eta' Da4a8e! E=a4ple!: lo!t ea&i&8!?*apa*it'( futue pe!o&al *ae( epai *o!t!( di!a;ilit'euip4e&t

• No&/Pe*u&ia' Da4a8e! – No&/4o&eta' E=a4ple!: .u4iliatio&( lo!! of e&7o'4e&t of life( lo!! of life e=pe*ta&*'( pai& !uffei&8

Four limitations on full recovery of damages: $%) Re4ote&e!!( pe5e&ti&8 e*o5e' fo a&'t+i&8 too @fa&*iful"$) Cetai&t'( u!uall' applied to futue lo!!e!( e8 %F *+a&*e of lo!! of 5i!io&"$) Miti8atio&( efei&8 to Pl! e!po&!i;ilit' to ea!o&a;l' 4i&i4i>e da4a8e!"$H) Cau!atio&( a li4itatio& o& t+e @;ut fo te!t


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A# REMOTENESS%ST 3ue!tio&: 9+et+e to fa4e t+e a*tio& i& tot o *o&ta*t

• Tot: 9+at i! t+e ea!o&a;le foe!eea;ilit' of da4a8e!6 $Wagon Mound 1: I& tot t+e 4ea!ue i! ea!o&a;le foe!eea;ilit')

• Co&ta*t: $a) 9+at da4a8e! 9ould odi&ail' flo9 fo4 ;ea*+6 $;) 9+at 9a! t+e ea!o&a;le *o&te4platio& of t+epatie! at t+e ti4e of t+e *o&ta*t6 Need a +i8+e de8ee of po;a;ilit' i& *o&ta*t( ;?* a!!u4ptio& t+at patie! ae eual I& tot( Pl +ad &o

oppotu&it' to pote*t +i4!elf

Kienzle v Stringer $%&'%( CA# IN TORT( T)E MEASURE IS REASONA*LE +ORSEEA*ILIT,- @It i!( I t+i( appae&t t+at&eit+e of t+e!e te!t! i! a 4ea!ue of pe*i!io& a&d I &u4;e 4'!elf a4o&8 t+o!e 9+o ae u&a;le to !ee a&' eal diffee&*e;et9ee& t+e4 ,o t+e pupo!e of !i4pli*it'( I !+all u!e t+e te4 ea!o&a;le fo!eea;ilit' a! e4;a*i&8 t+e te!t i& ;ot+tot a&d *o&ta*t,a*t!: P ;ou8+t t+e O=fod fa4 D a*ted a! +i! !oli*ito( *etif'i&8 t+at t+e plai&tiff +ad @a 8ood a&d 4a#eta;le title Title9a! &ot 8ood o 4a#eta;le P late de*ided to !ell t+e O=fod fa4 a&d pu*+a!e t+e 2i&*adi&e fa4 .e *o&ditio&all';ou8+t it( *o&ditio&al o& +i! ;ei&8 a;le to !ell t+e O=fod fa4 .e fou&d a ;u'e fo t+e O=fod fa4 I& a&ti*ipatio& of t+e!ale!( P !+ut do9& +i! effe*ti5e opeatio& of t+e O=fod fa4 ;' letti&8 8o t+e !uou&di&8 lea!e+old popet' Bu'e fou&dout t+at t+ee 9a! &o 8ood a&d 4a#eta;le title a&d ;ot+ deal! fell t+ou8+ T+ee 9ee i!i&8 la&d 5alue! a&d t+e plai&tiff!lo!! o& t+e 2i&*adi&e fa4( di4i&i!+ed ;' +i! 8ai& o& t+e O=fod fa4 9a! JK(KKT+i! i! a *a!e 9+ee t+ee 9a! ;ot+ a ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t a&d tot i& &e8li8e&*e ;e*au!e t+e la9'e al!o +a! a dut' of *aeI!!ue %): Ca& t+e plai&tiff e*o5e fo lo!!e! due to !+utti&8 do9& opeatio& of t+e O=fod fa46

• .eld: Ye! T+i! lo!! i! die*tl' a&d i44ediatel' *o&&e*ted to t+e defe*ti5e title a&d *o&!eue&t la*# of 4a#eta;ilit' of

t+e O=fod fa4 a&d 9ould +a5e o**ued if t+e plai&tiff +ad *+o!e& o&l' to !ell t+e O=fod fa4 9it+out a&' pla& topu*+a!e a&ot+e fa4

I!!ue ): Ca& t+e plai&tiff e*o5e fo lo!!e! due to t+e i!i&8 5alue of la&d6• .eld: No 0+e& *out! u!e t+e te4( @ea!o&a;l' foe!eea;le( t+e' ae &ot ofte& *o&*e&ed 9it+ 9+at t+e patie!

a*tuall' foe!a9 o *o&te4plated T+i! i! a ue!tio& of poli*' T+e fee *+a8ed ;' a !oli*ito i! *al*ulated 9it+ t+e i!#a!!u4ed ;' t+e !oli*ito i& 4i&d It i! &ot u&ea!o&a;le to add to t+at i!# *o&!eue&tial da4a8e i44ediatel'*o&*e&ed 9it+ t+e failue of 4a#eta;ilit'" +o9e5e( t+e a&8e of !e*o&da' ta&!a*tio&! flo9i&8 t+eefo4 i! ;e'o&dt+e a4;it of ea!o&a;le foe!eea;ilit'

Co44e&t: T+e *out ;a*#! off fo4 t+e appoa*+ ta#e& i& Messineo v. Beale ;e*au!e it! e4;aa!!ed t+at la9'e! aeteated 4oe te&del' t+a& ot+e *o&ta*ti&8 patie! ,oe!eea;ilit' i! 4oe a ue!tio& of poli*' t+a& o&e of fa*t

Hadley v. Baxendale $%'./# $4ill !+ut do9& fo da'! i&!tead of 9+e& euip4e&t dela'ed Ne9 tial odeed)T0o1pa"! !es! fo" "emo!eess1) Objective:

• 0+at da4a8e! ai!e fail'( ea!o&a;l' a&d &atuall' fo4 t+e ;ea*+6

•

Da4a8e! 4u!t efle*t t+e ea!o&a;le *o&te4platio& of t+e patie! at t+e ti4e of t+e *o&ta*t $Cetai&t' &oteuied( 7u!t t+at t+e patie! 9ee a9ae) OR2) Subjective:

• If !pe*ial *i*u4!ta&*e! 9ee *o44u&i*ated a&d #&o9& to ;ot+ patie!( da4a8e! !+ould efle*t t+i! $It 9d;e u&fai to +old a pat' lia;le fo !p *i*u4!ta&*e! of 9+i*+ +e 9a! u&a9ae( a&d 4i8+t +a5e po5ided fo(e8 9it+ i&!ua&*e( 8i5e& t+e oppotu&it')

• 0+at i! t+e &atue of t+e patie! $e8 i& t+i! *a!e t+e !+ippe 9a! 7u!t a !+ippe)

• 0+at i! t+e elatio&!+ip ;et9ee& t+e patie!6

• Parsons v. Uttley Ingham $%&7'# $4ould' pi8 &ut! De&&i&8 !'4pat+i>e! 9/ Pl a&d +i! fi&e +ed of KK pi8! S*a4a&fi&d! fo Defe&da&t)Denning (dissent):

• I& lo!! of pofit *a!e!( t+e Def i! o&l' lia;le fo lo!!e! t+at 9ee *o&te4plated a! a !eiou! po!!i;ilit' i& t+e e5e&t of a ;ea*+of *o&ta*t

• I& p+'!i*al da4a8e *a!e!( t+e Def i! lia;le fo a&' lo!! o e=pe&!e 9+i*+ +e ea!o&a;l' ou8+t to +a5e foe!ee& at the tie

o! the b"each( e5e& if it 9a! o&l' a !li8+t po!!i;ilit'Sca"an:

• T+e Def i! o&l' lia;le fo lo!!e! t+at 9ee *o&te4plated a! a !eiou! po!!i;ilit' i& t+e e5e&t of a ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t

• 0+at 4atte! it t+e t'pe of i&7u' $;oad *ate8o')( &ot t+e !pe*ifi* lo!!

• T+e te!t fo e4ote&e!! i! t+e !a4e i& *o&ta*t a&d tot – ea!o&a;l' foe!eea;le a&d *o&te4plated ;' t+e patie! at t+eti4e t+e *o&ta*t 9a! 4ade

@t+e la9 i! &ot !o a;!ud a! to diffee&tiate ;et9ee& *o&ta*t a&d tot !a5e i& !ituatio&! 9+ee t+e a8ee4e&t( o t+efa*tual elatio&!+ip( of t+e patie! 9it+ ea*+ ot+e euie! it i& t+e i&tee!t! of 7u!ti*e o argue this case is not good la!:

T+e *out i8&oe! t+e o;5iou! fa*t t+at lo!t oppotu&it' to i&5e!t i! e&tiel' foe!eea;le

Di!!e&t of 1u!ti*e 0il!o& $o&l' 4e4;e of t+e appeal *out to 8o o& to t+e SCC): !ale of o&e pie*e of popet' to;u' a&ot+e i! e&tiel' foe!eea;le( a&d t+e lo!t pofit! fo4 t+i! !ot of !e*o&da' ta&!a*tio& 4a' ;e !u;7e*t to


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da4a8e! Afte all( if Pl +ad lo!t a depo!it o& t+e offe to pu*+a!e ;e*au!e of t+e failue of t+e oi8i&al !ale(u&dou;tedl' +e 9ould +a5e o;tai&ed da4a8e! fo t+at lo!!

Co44e&t: Ca!e 9+ee t+ee 9a! ;ot+ a ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t a&d tot i& &e8li8e&*e ;* t+e la9'e al!o +a! a dut' of *ae

*# CERTAINT, AND CAUSATION – applied to futue lo!!e!" loo# fo $%) lo!t oppotu&it'( $) *+a&*e of lo!! – • #oleis $ histo"%$to"ts and case o! ship$ di"ectness and causation& law changes !o" 'but !o" test'

• 0+at do 9e e*o5e6/ Lo!e! t+at +appe&ed pio t+e tial: 9e e*o5e %KKF if po5ed ;' ;ala&*e of po;a;ilitie! $o5e KF)/ 0+at a;out futue lo!e!6 0e *a&&ot po5e t+at a futue e5e&t 9ill +appe& i& t+e futue .o9 do 9e a!!e!! futue lo!e!

t+e&6 Rea!o&a;le *+a&*e &ot fa&*iful?!pe*ulati5e

Schrum" v Koot $%&77#( %' OR $2# 337 $CA# $p ) +UTURE OR ),POT)ETICAL POSSI*ILIT, 4ILL *E TA5EN INTOCONSIDERATION AS LONG AS IT IS A REAL AND SU*STANTIAL POSSI*ILIT, AND NOT MERE SPECULATION-,: K/'/old 9o4a& !uffeed da4a8ed 5ete;ae i& *a a**ide&t I& !e5ee pai&( ;ut al!o t+ee! a *+a&*e !+e 9ill fa*e e5e&8eate di!a;ilit' i& t+e futue

• ,o da4a8e alead' *au!ed( t+e da4a8e 4u!t ;e po5e& o& a B of P to 8et %KKF of da4a8e!

• ,o li#eli+ood of da4a8e i& futue( t+e te!t i! lo9e Rea!o&a;le li#eli+ood 9ill !uffi*e $/KF) a! oppo!ed to

!pe*ulati5e $F) Popotio&ate e*o5e': 4ultipl' t+e da4a8e! fo t+e pe*e&ta8e of t+e lo!! A plai&tiff 9ill 8etda4a8e! fo futue !uffei&8 i& popotio& to t+e li#eli+ood t+at !u*+ !uffei&8 9ill 4ateiali>e If F *+a&*e( lo!!" if %F *+a&*e( %lo!!

• Sa' pl !ui&8 fo J%KK KKK a&d it i! *o&fi4ed t+at t+ee i! a KF *+a&*e of t+e futue lo!! ta#i&8 pla*e I& HKF of t+e*+a&8e! t+e lo!! doe!&e t+e *o!t! of a *i5il 9o&8! Al!o e&!ue! a fai allo*atio& of i!#! ;et9ee& t+e patie! Ofte& Pl i! i& t+e ;e!t $o o&l') po!itio&

to deal 9it+ t+e *o&!eue&*e! of t+e ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t o tot It 9ould t+u! ;e 9o&8 to !addle defe&da&t! 9it+ po!t/;ea*+ i!#! o5e 9+i*+ t+e' +a5e &o *o&tol

Gee"a p"8;8pes: O;7e*ti5e of t+e ule of 4iti8atio& i! to 8i5e Pl a& i&*e&ti5e to ta#e !tep! to 4i&i4i>e t+e total *o!t!

of t+e tot o ;ea*+e! of 2 Q a&d to a5oid u&dul' ;ude&i&8 to t+e defe&da&t 9it+ a5oida;le lo!!e! Pl i! de;aed fo4 e*o5ei&8 lo!!e! t+at *ould REASONABLY ;e a5oided 0+at i! ea!o&a;le i!

a ue!tio& of fa*t( &ot of la9( a&d t+e ;ude& of poof i! upo& t+e defe&da&t to de4o&!tate Pl *ould ea!o&a;l' +a5ea5oided a lo!! o 9a! u&ea!o&a;le i& +i! o +e *o&du*t

I& a!!e!!i&8 ea!o&a;le&e!!( t+e *o&te=t i! i4pota&t I& t+e *o44e*ial *o&te=t( Pl 4u!t do 9+at

a& odi&a' ;u!i&e!! pe!o& 9ould do i& t+e *i*u4!ta&*e! – ta#e a*tio&! *o&!i!te&t 9it+ u!ual pa*ti*e! a&d &ot let a&8e 8et i& t+e 9a'

Pl &ot o;li8ed to 4a#e e=taodi&a' effot! – o&l' 9+at i! pude&t i& t+e *i*u4!ta&*e!

#ania$ v. I""olito $%&'.# SCC $p %K) Refsa of !"ea!me!-+: Ca&e opeato totall' di!a;led ;' ;a*# i&7u' ;ut efu!e! !u8e' 9it+ a KF *+a&*e of *o4plete !u**e!! Def a8ue!novus actus inte"veniens $efu!al of !u8e') &o da4a8e!( ;ut *out fi&d! po=i4ate *au!e !till t+e Def! a*tio&

• Rea!o&a;le !tep! to 4iti8ate ae euied of a Pl

• If 4edi*al teat4e&t 9it+ a +i8+ po;a;ilit' of !u**e!! i! e*o44e&ded( it i! u&ea!o&a;le fo a Pl to efu!e( a&dt+eefoe 4iti8ate da4a8e!( t+eefoe:

• t+e failue to 4iti8ate 9ill lead to a edu*tio& of da4a8e!( ;ut t+e!e 9ill ;e i& popotio& to t+e *+a&*e of !u**e!! of 4iti8ati&8 fa*to! $a! 9it+ Sch"up v oot ( ad7u!t fo pe*e&ta8e of i!#) A&ot+e 9a' of putti&8 it: 9+ee t+ee i! afailue to 4iti8ate ;ut a *+a&*e t+at t+e popo!ed opeatio& 9ill fail( t+e *out 4a' allo9 a pe*e&ta8e of futue lo!! of

H


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i&*o4e• T+e te!t of 9+at i! ea!o&a;le i! o;7e*ti5e

• Def i! &ot lia;le fo t+e lo!! t+at t+e Pl 9ould +a5e a5oided ;' u&de8oi&8 e*o44e&ded teat4e&t 9it+ a +i8+po;a;ilit' of !u**e!!

• If !e5eal *ou!e! of teat4e&t ae e*o44e&ded( a Pli! fee to *+oo!e o&e a&d !uffe a pote&tial lo!! of da4a8e!fo failue to 4iti8ate

• T+e Pl ;ea! t+e o&u! of po5i&8 da4a8e!( ;ut t+e Def ;ea! t+e o&u! of po5i&8 failue to 4iti8ate)ELD: I& t+i! *a!e( 9+' *a&


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0+' do 9e *ae a;out t+e a!e i& 9+i*+ t+e da4a8e! ae a!!e!!ed6 B* t+e 5alue of t+i&8! *+a&8e! o5e ti4e 0+at i!

t+e ule t+e *out! +a5e adopted fo t+e date to ;e u!ed to a!!e!! da4a8e!6 It i! t+e date of t+e ;ea*+ $T+e ot+e alte&ati5e i! t+e date of 7ud8e4e&t)

0+at a;out lo!!e! ;et9ee& t+e ti4e of t+e ;ea*+ a&d t+e ti4e of t+e tial6 T+e a4ou&t of da4a8e! plu! p"e ?geme!

8!e"es! T+e i&tee!t i! !uppo!ed to *o4pe&!ate Pl fo &ot +a5i&8 +ad t+e 4o&e' ealie I& a pefe*t 9old( t+e i&tee!tQ t+e da4a8e! !+ould ;e ide&ti*al to t+e 5alue of t+e da4a8e! toda' .o9e5e( 9e e=pe*t t+i&8! to 8et 4oe 5alue t+a&9+at t+e i&tee!t ate

• Ifa!8o a I!e"es!: 9+ile da4a8e! ae odi&ail' a!!e!!ed at t+e date of t+e ;ea*+( Pl 9ill &ot *olle*t t+e4u&til 4u*+ late 9+e& t+e le8al di!pute i! !ettled o t+e 4atte ea*+e! t+e tial Pl 4a'( t+eefoe( +a5e to u!e +e o9& fu&d! ? ;oo9 4o&e' i& ode to 4iti8ate( !o i&*u! additio&al i&tee!t *o!t! I& e5e' po5i&*e Pl e&titled top"e1?gme! 8!e"es! o& t+e a4ou&t o9i&8 Moeo5e( if t+e 4o&e' +a! ;ee& eoded ;' i&flatio&( t+e pl +a! ;ee&depi5ed of t+e oppotu&it' to i&5e!t t+at 4o&e' i& t+e i&tei4" +e 9ould ;e e&titled to i&tee!t a! *o4pe&!atio& fo t+i!

• E=: !o4eo&e !teal! !+ae! If I !ue fo t+e 5alue of t+e4( 9e 8et 5alue a! of t+e date t+at t+e' 9ee !tole& fo4 4e(9+i*+ i! &o 8ood fo 4e ;e*au!e I e=pe*ted t+ei 5alue to #eep i&*ea!i&8 0+at do 9e do6 Get &e9 !+ae! i8+tafte t+e' +a5e ;ee& !tole& $pa'i&8 t+e 5alue a! pe t+e da' of ;ea*+) a&d t+e& t+at pi*e i! 9+at 9e a!# fo i&da4a8e! 9+e& 9e !ue t+e pe!o& 9+o !tole t+e !+ae! If o&e +ad to i&*u *o!t! to 4iti8ate( t+at *o!t! 9ill al!o ;eepaid ;' Def Pl 4u!t 4iti8ate a&d &ot 7u!t do &ot+i&8 a&d t+e& a!# fo 9+ole 5alue of t+e !+ae! late o&

#ens v %annix &o $%&7( 3@ DLR $/!9# 26@ $*CCA# $p )+a;!s: Oil !pill 4a#e! +ou!e u&i&+a;ita;le" 9ill +a5e to di8 up o5e;ude& a&d epla*e all *o&ta4i&ated !oil( t+e& ;uild e&tiel'&e9 +ou!e Popet' *ould li#el' ;e !old fo 4oe 9?o +ou!e( !i&*e >o&ed *o44e*iall' a&d +a! 8eate 5alue a! !u*+ Plli5ed i& u&i&+a;ita;le +ou!e polluted ;' *ude oil pipeli&e ;ea# fo H 'ea! afte da4a8e ;?* +ad ;u!i&e!! o& ad7a*e&t

popet' Sued Def i&te&ded to e;uild ;ut +ad&t 'et Tial 7ud8e a9aded epla*e4e&t *o!t! at % 5alue!( 'ea of tial a&d'ea i& 9+i*+ lia;ilit' ;' Def 9a! ad4itted( e5e& t+ou8+ a**ide&t i& % Cout of App o5etu&ed date of a!!e!!4e&t to t+edate of t+e lo!! $%) ;e*au!e it 9a! &ot *o&5i&*ed a8u4e&t! pe!e&ted 9ee !to&8 e&ou8+ to depat fo4 t+e 8e&ealule( a&d dedu*ted fo depe*iatio& fo4 t+at date

Assess oss as of a!e of oss-

• If t+e Pl +a! &ot !+o9& a 4a&ife!t i&te&tio& to i4po5e( *out 4a' dedu*t fo depe*iatio& ;et9ee& date of da4a8e a&ddate of tial

• Bes 8s Caa8a: a**ept! t+at i& *etai& *i*u4!ta&*e! t+ee *ould ;e e


7/36

- Ma';e ;e*au!e it 9a! 8o5e&4e&t( i& t+i! *a!e6 Not at all *lea fo4 t+e 7ud84e&t( t+ou8+ Pl did&t 9a&t to !pe&d t+ei o9& 4o&e' ;e*au!e $a) t+e' +ad a *a!+ po;le4( a&d $;) e5e& if t+e' did&t(

die*to te!tified t+at t+e' !till 9ould&t +a5e !pe&t t+e 4o&e' ;efoe t+e' 9ee !ue of e*o5ei&8 *o!tfo4 Def

• D!y !o m8!8ga!e: Pl &ot o;li8ed( i& ode to edu*e da4a8e!( to do 9+t +e *a&&ot affod to do" e!pe*iall' li#e +ee9+ee Pl! @fi&a&*ial !ti&8e&*' ao!e a! a 4atte of *o44o& !e&!e( !olel' ;* of t+e Def! 9o&8doi&8

Semelhago v Paramadevan( %&&6 2 SCR /%. $p %) SP s9oH! e g"a!e as a ma!!e" of ;o"se ase! ee !o !9e e!e! !9a! 8!s ss!8!!e 0o o! e "ea8y a


8/36

o Pl 9a&ted SP ;e*au!e at t+e ti4e of tial t+e !+ae! 9ee 9ot+ 4u*+ 4oe t+a& t+e pi*e at 9+i*+ t+e' 9ee !old$!old ti4e of ;ea*+)

o Cou&te/a8u4e&t:

0+at Pl !+ould +a5e do&e 9a! ;u' 4oe !+ae! at t+e ti4e of ;ea*+ a&d t+e& 8et paid

fo t+e a4ou&t of t+e !+ae! .e 9ould +a5e ;ee& a;le to 4a#e 8ai& e8adle!! of t+e !ale of +i! i&itial!+ae!

Def !a'! if Pl 9a&ted to eall' +old to t+e !+ae!( o&e 9ould +a5e ;ou8+t" ot+e9i!e t+e

i&te&tio& to +old o& to t+e !+ae! *a& ;e ue!tio&ed• Cout a**ept! t+at Pl 4i8+t +a5e !old !+ae! at +i8+e 5alue t+a& at date of ;ea*+( ;ut &ot !o +i8+ t+at t+e' 9ould 8et

t+e full +i8+e!t pi*e

Aays8s p"8;8pes% Cout e&do!e! t+eo' of da4a8e! put fo9ad ;' Pl" amages a"e meas"e y !9e os! oppo"!8!y !o se !9e

s9a"es – 8-e- !o "ea8e !9e8" 8!ae "eme8es: Cout! ae ;e*o4i&8 4oe e!ti*ti5e 9it+ e!pe*t to a9ad! of !pe*ifi* pefo4a&*e –

9+ile eal e!tate 9a! pe5iou!l' *o&!ideed a! a 4atte 9+ee it 9a! &eal' auto4ati*( t+at i! &o lo&8e t+e *a!e

E# ALTERNATE PER+ORMANCE – MINIMUM PER,ORMANCE PRINCIPLE

Hamilton v ,"en 2indo! Ba$ery ( 2@@/ % SCR 3@3 $pH) – ALTERNATI-E PER,ORMANCE – Mi&i4u4 pefo4a&*epi&*iple

• So4e *o&ta*t! po5ide t+e defe&da&t di!*etio& e8adi&8 4ode of pefo4a&*e

• I& !u*+ !ituatio&!( amages a"e !o e assesse ase o !9e m88mm e


9/36

+a;!s: 2 fo 'ea! $epe!e&tati5e fo4 4o&t+! to 4o&t+!)( ;ut te4i&atio& po5i!io& to allo9 eit+e pat' tote4i&ate 9it+ 4o&t+! &oti*e Def te4i&ated 9it+ &o &oti*e due to a 4i!u&de!ta&di&8 $!o( 9o&8ful epudiatio&) Bea*+of # .o9 do 9e *al*ulate da4a8e!6

)e: Da4a8e! ae a!!e!!ed o& t+e ;a!e! t+at t+e defe&da&t 9ill pefo4 t+e # i& t+e 9a' 4o!t ;e&efi*ial to +i4!elf a&d&ot i& t+e 9a' t+at i! 4o!t ;e&efi*ial to t+e Pl

• I& t+e e= t+e diffee&*e 9ould ;e o&l' fo WKK to&!" i& t+i! *a!e( t+e Def 9a! fo*ed to pa' t+e eui5ale&t of 4o&t+!;e*au!e of t+e eal' te4i&atio& *lau!e: t+e *o&ta*t *ould ;e te4i&ated ; t+e defe&da&t 9it+ &oti*e to t+e a8e&teffe*ti5e afte t+e *o44e&*e4e&t of t+e %t+ 4o&t+ of t+e te4 +eei&( o& 4o&t+! &oti*e $*etai& 4i&i4u4pefo4a&*e)

• Sa' def !a'! +e

• )O4EVER( t+e pe4i!e! 9ee u&o**upied a&d !lated fo futue de5elop4e&t

• T+e fie +ad o&l' *au!ed t+e pe4i!e! to dop i& 5alue ;' (KK pou&d! T+e fie +ad t+eefoe ;ee& ;e&efi*ial !i&*e t+e'9ee ;uildi&8 &e9 *o&do!


10/36

49a! 8s !9e app"op"8a!e meas"e of amages T9e ;os! of "e8s!a!8g !9e 88a" 9a o" !9e "op 8


11/36

VS i& t+e pe5iou! *a!e( it 9a! ea!o&a;le to a9ad 5alue of pefo4a&*e

#ens v %annix &o $%&7( 3@ DLR $/!9# 26@ $*CCA# $p ) P ge!s ;o! of "epa8" $88g a e0 9ose# – *o!t at t+e ti4eof t+e ;ea*+ Cout edu*e! a4ou&t ;* of depe*iatio&+a;!s: Oil !pill 4a#e! +ou!e u&i&+a;ita;le" 9ill +a5e to di8 up o5e;ude& a&d epla*e all *o&ta4i&ated !oil( t+e& ;uild e&tiel'&e9 +ou!e Popet' *ould li#el' ;e !old fo 4oe 9?o +ou!e( !i&*e >o&ed *o44e*iall' a&d +a! 8eate 5alue a! !u*+ Plli5ed i& u&i&+a;ita;le +ou!e polluted ;' *ude oil pipeli&e ;ea# fo H 'ea! afte da4a8e ;?* +ad ;u!i&e!! o& ad7a*e&tpopet' Sued Def i&te&ded to e;uild ;ut +ad&t 'et Tial 7ud8e a9aded epla*e4e&t *o!t! at % 5alue!( 'ea of tial a&d'ea i& 9+i*+ lia;ilit' ;' Def 9a! ad4itted( e5e& t+ou8+ a**ide&t i& % Cout of App o5etu&ed date of a!!e!!4e&t to t+edate of t+e lo!! $%) ;e*au!e it 9a! &ot *o&5i&*ed a8u4e&t! pe!e&ted 9ee !to&8 e&ou8+ to depat fo4 t+e 8e&eal

ule( a&d dedu*ted fo depe*iatio& fo4 t+at date

Assess oss as of a!e of oss-

• If t+e Pl +a! &ot !+o9& a 4a&ife!t i&te&tio& to i4po5e( *out 4a' dedu*t fo depe*iatio& ;et9ee& date of da4a8e a&ddate of tial

• Bes 8s Caa8a: a**ept! t+at i& *etai& *i*u4!ta&*e! t+ee *ould ;e ees!8o of e!!e"me!( M*Ge8o !tate! t+at t+e la9 9ill &ot pla*e o& Pl t+e *o!t of ;ette4e&t 9+e& Pli&*ide&tall' dei5e! a 8eate ;e&efit t+a& 4ee i&de4&ifi*atio&( due o&l' to t+e i4po!!i;ilit' of effe*ti&8 i&de4&ifi*atio&9it+out ;ette4e&t

• 0adda4! !tate!( @!u88e!ted( t+eefoe( t+at a& a&ti*ipated ;e&efit a**ui&8 to t+e Pl o& epaii&8 da4a8ed popet'ou8+t to ;e ta#e& i&to a**ou&t to edu*e da4a8e!( 9it+ *o4pe&!atio&( +o9e5e( fo t+e *o!t to t+e Pl of t+eu&e=pe*ted e=pe&ditue euied of +i4( a&d 9it+ t+e o&u! of poof upo& t+e Def i& *a!e of dou;t o& t+i! ue!tio&( o o& t+e 5alue of t+e ;e&efit

• I& fa*t( t+e *out fi&d! t+at Def ms! p"oes!8o of "e of p"oof T+ee i! 4oe t+ou8+tful *o&!ideatio& of t+ei!!ue of ;ette4e&t i& t+i! *a!e t+a& i& a"butt0s

Har(utt7s 8Plasticine9 -td $%&7@# C-A-: fa*to' ;u&t do9& ;?* of &e8li8e&*e 0a! epla*e4e&t ea!o&a;le6 Noalte&ati5e to #eep ;u!i&e!! 5ia;le Ne9 ;ld8 !toe'!( old " *apa*it' t+e !a4e( &o e=ta! O&l' up8ade! 9eet+o!e euied ;' *ode -alue of old: LH(KKK( &e9: LW(KKK Pl 8ot full epla*e4e&t ;?* ea!o&a;le to 4iti8ate lo!t

%%


12/36

pofit No dedu*tio& fo ;ette4e&t• 0+ee &o !u;!titute fo t+e da4a8ed popet' i! a5aila;le( a&d t+ee i! &o eali!ti* alte&ati5e( Pl 9ill 8et

epla*e4e&t *o!t• Added i4po5e4e&t! e!ult i& a dedu*tio& fo4 epla*e4e&t *o!t eual to *o!t of !u*+ i4po5e4e&t! $o;ite)

• Su;!ta&tiall' diffee&t de!i8& o#a' if &et e!ult i! &ot a& o5eall i4po5e4e&t

• I4po5e4e&t! t+at ae euied to fulfill ;uildi&8 *ode euie4e&t! !+ould &ot e!ult i& a dedu*tio& fo4 t+eda4a8e a9ad

G# *ENE+IT TO T)E DE+ENDANT

Res!8!!8oa"y amagesRe!titutio& i! a;out !o4eo&e 8i5e !o4et+i&8 ;a*# to !o4eo&e el!e $t+e fo4e o9e! a dut' of e!titutio& to t+e latte)Re!titutio& i! u&*+ateed teito': 9e ae lea5i&8 t+e elati5el' 9ell/#&o9& aea! of *au!e! of a*tio& !u*+ a! *o&ta*t! a&dtot! a&d 4o5i&8 i&to tu!t! a&d u&7u!t e&i*+4e&t( !e*uitie! a&d !e*ued ta&!a*tio&! o popieta' *lai4!Re!titutio&a' elief *a& ai!e i& t+ee 4utuall' e=*lu!i5e !ituatio&!:

%) taditio&al u&7u!t e&i*+4e&t") u&7u!t e&i*+4e&t fo !e5i*e!") e&i*+4e&t t+ou8+ 9o&8doi&8

2hitham v 2estminster Brym(o &oal &o$e &o ( $%'&6( C9( CA# $p ) 4ay1ea


13/36

+a5e euied a *etai& pe*e&ta8e of t+at a&ti*ipated pofit a! a pi*e fo t+e ela=atio& of t+e *o5e&a&t T+e appopiatea9ad i! V(KK

Note!:

Pl 9a&ted t+e 9+ole pofit fo4 t+e +ou!e! $%HK KKK) I& 9+at t+eo' *ould t+e' 8ai& it6 Re!titutio&/8ai& ;a!ed *al*ulatio&

Cout !a'! 8ai& i! a*tuall' K KKK a&d 8i5e! F $KK( 9+i*+ &eeded to ;e !plit a4o&8 Pl!( !o a;out %)

• Pl! 8et t+e ea!o&a;le a4ou&t t+at 9ould +a5e 4ade a ea!o&a;le Pl to allo9 t+e !elli&8 of t+e la&d( 8i5e& t+at t+epopet' 5alue of t+e Pl! did &ot loo!e 5alue at all

•

W"otha #a" did &ot i&5ol5e a ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t i& t+e !e&!e t+at a default ;' a !elle to deli5e 8ood! 9ould i&5ol5e!u*+ a ;ea*+ 0+ile t+e plai&tiff! i8+t! ao!e u&de a e!ti*ti5e *o5e&a&t $a&d i& t+i! !e&!e 9a! *o&ta*tual) t+e i8+t i!4oe *lo!el' a#i& to a popet' i8+t

• Ta*ti*all' !pea#i&8( t+e plai&tiff !+ould +a5e !ou8+t a& i&7u&*tio& to !top t+e defe&da&t fo4 ;uildi&8 T+i! 9ould +a5eallo9ed +i4 to ;a8ai& fo a& atta*ti5e pi*e ;efoe elea!i&8 t+e Def fo4 t+e i&7u&*tio& Si&*e t+e Pl did &ot do t+at( it+ad &o lo!! a&d +ad to t+o9 it!elf o& t+e *out! 4e*' to 8i5e it !o4e elief I& !u*+ a *a!e( t+e *out *a&: $%)*o4pe&!ate t+e plai&tiff! lo!!" $) a9ad t+e defe&da&t! 8ai&" o $) if it! a deli;eate i&5a!io& of popet' i8+t!( 8i5epu&iti5e da4a8e!

• T+e *u*ial te!t fo t+e e*o5e' of t+e po4i!ee! 8ai& 9ould ;e if t+at i8+t 9ould pe5e&t eff8;8e! "ea;9 Effi*ie&t;ea*+ $9+e& it ta#e! t+e fo4 of @effi*ie&t te!pa!! o @effi*ie&t *o&5e!io& 9ill ;e pe5e&ted i& !e5eal !ituatio&!( t+ou8+t+e ;a!i! fo t+at e!ult i! pi&*ipall' t+e la9 of e!titutio&

• Pl a!#ed fo t+e *o5e&a&t $did&

5ey !98g: If 0eH"e go8g !o go eyo !9a!( 09e ;a 0e go eyo !9a! 0ill o&l' ;e i& e=*eptio&al *a!e! ;ut &o fi=edule! *a& ;e pe!*i;ed $ 5e' u!ele!!) T+e !u;7e*t 4atte of t+e *o&ta*t( t+e *i*u4!ta&*e! of t+e ;ea*+( t+e*o&!eue&*e!( et* 9ill ;e ta#e& i&to a**ou&t

TEST Re!titutio&a' da4a8e! ae e;ep!8oa ;ut a5aila;le 9+e& Ld Ste'&! te!t i! 4et

Tes!: Di!8o8e4e&t of pofit! i! a5aila;le 9+ee t+e te4 9a! i4pota&t to t+e *o&ta*t a&d

%) Bea*+ of a &e8ati5e !tipulatio& $ie BP po4i!ed &ot to do !o4et+i&8)) BP pofited fo4 ;ea*+i&8 &e8ati5e !tipulatio&) NBP +a! !pe*ial i&tee!t o5e a&d a;o5e t+e +ope of a ;e&efit to ;e a!!e!!ed i& 4o&eta' te4!H) Liteal e&fo*e4e&t e4edie! ae i&effe*ti5e o 5ituall' i&effe*ti5e

NOT 9+e&:%) *'&i*al a&d deli;eate ;ea*+

%

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restitution


14/36

) t+e fa*t t+at t+e defe&da&t 9a! a;le to e&te i&to a 4oe pofita;le *o&ta*t el!e9+ee 4a#e! e=*eptio&! fo *a!e! of effi*ie&t ;ea*+

+eache":1) 78ceptional 2) 9ustice has to "eui"e it ) "ises when the b"eaching pa"ties0 gain is highe" than the innocent pa"t%0s loss

Ra!8o: Due to t+e &atue of t+e elatio&!+ip ;t9 t+e patie! $paa4ou&t i4pota&*e t+at *o&fide&tial i&fo4atio& ;e #ept t+u!!o t+at 4e4;e! of t+e !e5i*e +a5e *o4plete *o&fide&*e i& t+ei deali&8! 9it+ ea*+ ot+e)( t+e ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t *a& ;e

*o&!ideed a#i& to a "ea;9 of f8;8a"y !y 9+ee t+e app"op"8a!e "emey a


15/36

di!te!! $pa H)• T+ee i! a 8e&eal ule t+at 9e *a&t 8et t+i!( 9e *a& 8et it a! e=*eptio& i& !pe*ifi* *a!e! @A! lo&8 a! t+e po4i!e i& elatio&

to !tate of 4i&d i! a pat of t+e ;a8ai& i& t+e ea!o&a;le *o&te4platio& of t+e *o&ta*ti&8 patie!( 4e&tal di!te!!da4a8e! ai!i&8 f ;ea*+ ae e*o5ea;le $pa HW)

• Cout *laifie! @agg"a

Punitive 'amages< 0P'1 No ;a!i! fo a9adi&8 a&' a8ai&!t Def Cout! !+ould o&l' e!ot to pu&iti5e da4a8e! i&

e=*eptio&al *a!e! a&d .o&da! *o&du*t 9a! &ot !uffi*ie&tl' e8e8iou! o outa8eou! to 9aa&t !u*+ da4a8e!,ut+e4oe( e=pe!!ed *o&*e& t+at da4a8e! fo *o&du*t i& di!4i!!al a&d PD ofte& e!ult i& u&&e*e!!a' o5elap i&da4a8e a9ad! A! a e!ult( &o9 a!#i&8 ad7udi*ato! to ue!tio& 9+et+e PD ae &e*e!!a' i& additio& to da4a8e! fo *o&du*t i& di!4i!!al

%


16/36

• ,i&d t+at ;ot+ t+e tial 7ud8e a&d CA eed i& *o&*ludi&8 t+at .o&da! di!*i4i&ato' *o&du*t a4ou&ted to a&8epee! a;!8oae 0"og fo t+e pupo!e! of allo*ati&8 pu&iti5e da4a8e! Bea*+ of t+e *ode *a&&ot*o&!titute a& a*tio&a;le 9o&8" t+eefoe t+e le8al euie4e&t fo t+e *o44o& la9 e4ed' of pu&iti5e da4a8e! 9a!&ot 4et

.o9 doe! Fidler v Sun -ife +ssurance &o of &anada affe*t 2allace da4a8e!6 T+e *out *+oo!e! to *+a&8e t+e

appoa*+ to t+e 4e&tal di!te!! da4a8e! fo ;ea*+ of e4plo'4e&t *o&ta*t Did t+e *out &eed to do t+at i& t+i! *a!e6SCC *ould +a5e !i4pl' !aid t+at t+i! i! &ot a *a!e of Wallace da4a8e!( ;ut t+e' de*ide to *+a&8e t+e la9 0e +adWallace( ;ut &o9 9e +a5e


17/36

• .ill 8 o! e p sffe"8g $+e ;e*a4e a 7ud8e) BUT *out !a'! t+i! i! &ot i4pota&t

2hiten v Pilot Insurance &o( 2@@2 % SCR .&. $p %K) I "ea;9 of 5( ;o;! ms! ;os!8!!e ma"e epa"!"e f" o"8a"y s!aa"s of e;e;y ms! e 8epee!y a;!8oae $9e"e CLARI+IES orvis: oes o! ee !o e asepa"a!e !o"!( so og as !9e pa8!8ff ;a es!a8s9 a a;!8oae 0"og# ;of8"ms Hill +a;!s: I&!ua&*e efu!e! to pa' i&!ua&*e o& Pl +o4e Def ;ea*+ed 2 ;' faili&8 to pa'( al!o ;ea*+ed a *o&ta*tual dut'of 8ood fait+ Def 9o&8l' a**u!i&8 Pl of a!o&

• Tial 1URY a9ad! %M $+i8+e t+a& t+e a4ou&t t+e Pl *lai4ed)"

• CA: %KK# ;e*au!e a4ou&t of pu&iti5e da4a8e! i! too +i8+ $ ti4e! 4oe t+a& *o4pe&!ato' lo!!)"

•

SCC e!toe! t+e %M : SCC 9ould &ot +a5e a9aded %M ;ut *o&!ide! t+e a9ad i! 9it+i& t+e atio&al li4it! 9it+i& a 7u'4u!t ;e allo9ed to opeate Di!!ide&t Le;el a8ee! 9it+ t+e 5ie9 of t+e CofA

O p8!8


18/36

add to t+e pu&i!+4e&t of Def) 0e ae left to !pe*ulate a*+ie5e! detee&*e fo a 4o&e'ed Def

B# PERSONAL INBUR,Oe mp sm 8s!ea of pe"8o8; payme!s: O&e i!!ue 9it+ lu4p !u4! i! t+at t+e Pl 4i8+t ;e u&de*o4pe&!ated" atot+e ti4e! Pl die! ;efoe a&d t+e lu4p 8oe! o& to t+e ;e&efi*iaie! A!!e!!i&8 o&e lu4p !u4 i! al!o uite *o4pli*ated 0e&eed to ta#e i&to a**ou&t i&flatio&( ta=atio&( dedu*tio&! ;a!ed o& *i*u4!ta&*e!

T+e& 9+' do&


19/36

7u!ti*e euie! !o4et+i&8 ;ette

o If o;7e*ti5e e!toe Pl i& t+e po!itio& +e 9a! ;efoe( 9+' 9ould +e e&d up i& a& i&!titutio& if +e 9a!&


20/36

-indal v -indal ( %&'% 2 SCR 62& $p %H%) Cap 8mpose o o1pe;8a"y amages fo" pe"soa 8?"8es 8s se! 8s!oe- )o0eed t+at 4o&e' *a&&ot epai lo!!e! *o&te4plated i& *a!e! !u*+ a! t+e!e:o Pai&?!uffei&8 ae i&ta&8i;le!o @Mo&e' i! a9aded &ot ;e*au!e lo!t fa*ultie! +a5e a dolla 5alue( ;ut ;e*au!e 4o&e' *a& ;e u!ed to !u;!titute ot+e

e&7o'4e&t! a&d plea!ue! fo t+o!e t+at +a5e ;ee& lo!t

• T+eefoe( a9ad of &o&/pe*u&ia' da4 doe!&t depe&d alo&e o& !eiou!&e!! of i&7u'( ;ut a;ilit' to a4elioate *o&ditio& of 5i*ti4 *o&!idei&8 pati*ula !ituatio&o E= pe4a&e&tl' *o4ato!e pe!o& 9ill &ot 8et &o&/pe*u&ia' da4 a9ad ;e*au!e it *ould&t po!!i;l' +elp t+e4 at all

• Rea!o&i&8 fo +a5i&8 t+e %KK2J li4it:% Diffi*ult' i& *al*ulati&8 d48! of t+i! !ot" *lai4 fo t+e!e t'pe! of i&7uie! i! 5ituall' li4itle!! -i*ti4 i! alead' full' *o4pe&!ated fo lo!t ea&i&8! D48! fo &o&/pe*u&ia' lo!! ae&t eall' *o4pe&!ato'H So*ial ;ude& of e=o;ita&t &o&/pe*u&ia' d48! i! +u8e" efee&*e to it! effe*t! i& US

• A"gme! mae !9a! 8fa!8o affe;!s !98s %@@5W amo! : *out *a& ta#e a**ou&t of i&flatio&( ;ut it +a! &o effe*t o& t+ea9ad +ee

o!nsend v Kro""manns( 2@@/ % SCR 3%. $p %H) Leg8sa!e 8s;o! fees( !a g"oss1p( maageme! fees-+a;!s: Afte a!!e!!i&8 da4a8e! a8ai&!t 2opp4a&&! a&d Cuie i& a& a*tio& ai!i&8 out of a 4oto 5e+i*le a**ide&t( tial 7ud8e i!!ued!upple4e&ta' ea!o&! to deal 9it+ t+e ta= 8o!!/up a&d 4a&a8e4e&t fee! T +ad alead' e*ei5ed patial pa'4e&t a&d !pe&t pat of itpu*+a!i&8 a +ou!e a&d pa'i&8 le8al fee! Tial 7ud8e dedu*ted t+e *apital e=pe&ditue a&d t+e le8al fee! i& *al*ulati&8 4a&a8e4e&t fee! a&dt+e ta= 8o!!/up Al!o edu*ed t+e fee a9ad ;' KF to a**ou&t fo a pedi*ted i&*ea!ed etu&( a!!u4ed to e!ult f t+e i&5e!t4e&t*ou&!elli&8 fo 9+i*+ t+e 4a&a8e4e&t fee a9ad 9a! 8a&ted I& BC( di!*ou&t ate! ae fi=ed ;' Gaw and 7uit% ,egulation a fou/le5el*la!!ifi*atio& fo *al*ulati&8 4a&a8e4e&t fee! i! e8ulal' applied ;' *out! CA u&a&i4ou!l' +eld t+at t+e e5ide&*e did &ot !uppot t+eedu*tio& of t+e a9ad fo 4a&a8e4e&t fee! a&d t+at 4a&a8e4e&t fee! a&d t+e ta= 8o!!/up 9ee to ;e *al*ulated i& elatio& to t+e fulla4ou&t of da4a8e! a9aded( 9it+out dedu*ti&8 T! le8al fee! a&d t+e *apital i&5e!t4e&tIsse: Doe! a Pl! de*i!io&! e8adi&8 +o9 to u!e t+ei da4a8e! affe*t t+e a9ad of i te4! !u*+ a! 4a&a8e4e&t fee!6De;8s8o: Appeal di!4i!!edReasos: Re7e*ted appella&t

%ac&a(e v 2estloc$ 3oman &atholic School 'istrict $2@@%#( &6 A!a LR $3# 2%7 $CA# $p %) Damages fo" f!"eea"8g ;apa;8!y – mae


21/36

)e !9a! 8! 0as a e""o" 8 p"8;8pe fo" !9e !"8a ?ge o! !o 9a

• Defs a"gme!s: if t+ee 9ee &o ot+e ;e&efit!( Def 9ould pa' full *o4pe&!atio& ;ut Def a8ue t+at t+e' 9i!+ todedu*t fo4 9+at t+e' +a5e to pa' a&' *ollateal ;e&efit! e*ei5ed ;' t+e Pl i& e!pe*t of t+e lo!!( 9+i*+ *ould 8o all t+e9a' to full *o4pe&!atio& S+ould t+i! ;e !o6 T+e a&!9e to 9+et+e I 8et to dedu*t t+e *ollateal ;e&efit 9ill depe&d o&t+e 2IND of *ollateal ;e&efit

T+ee ae e;ep!8os !o !9e amo!s !9a! ;a e e;!e e5e& if t+ee i! dou;le *o4pe&!atio&?e*o5e'o P"8


22/36

+oul' 9a8e pa*#a8e 9a! 4ade up of a& +oul' ate of pa' to8et+e 9it+ *ollateal ;e&efit! Di!a;ilit' ;e&efit! e*o5eed did&ot +a5e to ;e paid eit+e to t+e e4plo'e o to t+e i&!ua&*e *o4pa&' 4a&a8i&8 t+e pla&Tial: +eld t+at t+e pa'4e&t! !+ould &ot ;e dedu*ted i& *al*ulati&8 t+e a4ou&t pa'a;le ;' Def fo t+e 9a8e! lo!t ;' Pl a! ae!ult of +i! i&7uie!( a! +e +ad e!ta;li!+ed t+at i&de4&it' ;e&efit! 9ee paid fo ;' +i4 a! pat of +i! 9a8e pa*#a8eCA: e5e!ed t+e 7ud84e&t( dete4i&i&8 t+at !i&*e t+ee 9a! &o !u;o8atio& i8+t i& t+e e4plo'e( a&d t+e die*t fu&di&8 fo t+e di!a;ilit' ;e&efit! *a4e fo4 t+e e4plo'e( t+e pla& 9a! &ot i& t+e &atue of a pi5ate i&!ua&*e poli*' a&d t+e fu&d!e*ei5ed !+ould ;e dedu*ted fo4 t+e da4a8e a9adIsse: S+ould di!a;ilit' ;e&efit! po5ided ;' a *olle*ti5e a8ee4e&t ;e e=e4ptio& f dedu*tio& fo4 a& a4ou&t e*o5eed i&da4a8e! fo lo!! of 9a8e!6)e: 0+ile Pl i& a tot a*tio& &ot 8e&eall' e&titled to a dou;le e*o5e' fo a&' lo!! ai!i&8 fo4 t+e i&7u'( t+e di!a;ilit'

;e&efit! o;tai&ed a! a e!ult of +i! *olle*ti5e ;a8ai&i&8 a8ee4e&t 9ee i& t+e &atue of a pi5ate poli*' of i&!ua&*e a&d!+ould &ot ;e dedu*ted fo4 t+e *lai4 fo lo!t 9a8e! To !+o9 t+at t+e ;e&efit! 9ee i& t+e &atue of i&!ua&*e( t+ee 4u!t ;ee5ide&*e addu*ed of !o4e t'pe of *o&!ideatio& 8i5e& up ;' t+e e4plo'ee i& etu& fo t+e ;e&efit Si&*e ;e&efit! at i!!ue+ee 9ee ;a8ai&ed fo a&d o;tai&ed a! a e!ult of a edu*tio& i& t+e +oul' ate of pa'( t+e' 9ee o;tai&ed paid fo ;' Pl 7u!t a! 4u*+ a! if +e +ad ;ou8+t a&d pi5atel' paid fo a di!a;ilit' i&!ua&*e poli*'• Appli*atio& of t+e i&!ua&*e e=*eptio& to ;e&efit! e*ei5ed u&de a *o&ta*t of e4plo'4e&t !+ould &ot ;e li4ited to *a!e!

9+ee Pl 9a! a 4e4;e of a u&io& a&d ;a8ai&ed *olle*ti5el' Be&efit! e*ei5ed u&de t+e e4plo'4e&t *o&ta*t! of &o&/u&io&i>ed e4plo'ee! 9ould al!o ;e &o&/dedu*ti;le if poof 9a! po5ided of pa'4e&t i& !o4e 4a&&e ;' t+e e4plo'ee fo t+e ;e&efit!

• E5ide&*e t+at t+e e4plo'e too# t+e *o!t of ;e&efit! i&to a**ou&t i& dete4i&i&8 9a8e! 9ould adeuatel' e!ta;li!+ t+at t+ee4plo'ee *o&ti;uted ;' 9a' of a tade/off a8ai&!t +i8+e 9a8e!

• ,at%ch ule &ao9ed to !ituatio&! 9+ee t+e Pl *a&&ot po5e +e 8a5e up i&*o4e to e*ei5e i&!ua&*e a! a ;e&efit

%B v British &olum(ia( 2@@3 2 SCR /77 $p %H) – 4efa"e eef8!s a"e e;!8e f"om a a0a" of amages-

So;8a ass8s!a;e eef8!s s!a!e eef8!s I! it dedu*ti;le6 Ye!Z De!i8&ed a! 9a8e?i&*o4e epla*e4e&t !o it i! dedu*ti;le$diffee&t f i&!ua&*e ;e&efit! *+aita;le ;e&efit! e=*eptio& pa %)

• Ratio&ale of t+e e=*eptio& fo *+aita;le ;e&efit! doe! &ot *o&*e& t+e pupo!e of *+aita;le do&atio&! $iele5a&t t+at!o*ial a!!i!ta&*e !+ae! pupo!e of +elpi&8 !u*+ a! pi5ate *+aitie!) It lie! i& t+e effe*t t+at a ule of dedu*ti;ilit'4i8+t +a5e o& i&di5idual! 9+o 9i!+ to +elp t+o!e 9+o ae i& &eed

• T+ee !+ould &ot ;e a poli*'/;a!ed e=*eptio& to t+e ule of dedu*ti;ilit' fo !o*ial a!!i!ta&*e See4! u&fai tota=pa'e! to allo9 !o4e Pl! to e*o5e f t+e!e fu&d! t+e& e*ei5e a dupli*ati5e pa'4e&t fo4 a tot a9ad

IB% &anada -imited v 2aterman( 2@%3 3 SCR &'. $p %W) Empoyme! a0 – U?s! 8sm8ssa – Damages – Pes8os Pes8o eef8!s s9o o! e e;!e f"om !9e amages a0a"-: 0+et+e pe&!io& ;e&efit! e*ei5ed ;' t+e e!po&de&t dui&8 +i! 9o&8ful di!4i!!al &oti*e peiod !+ould ;e dedu*ted fo4 +i! 9o&8fuldi!4i!!al da4a8e! a9ad

T+e e!po&de&t e4plo'ed ;' IBM t+e& IBM Ca&ada Li4ited fo o5e HK 'ea! ;efoe ;ei&8 te4i&ated 9it+out *au!e 9it+ 4o&t+! &oti*e0+e& +i! e4plo'4e&t te4i&ated( +e 9a! 'o eli8i;le to e*ei5e ;e&efit! u&de IBM! e4plo'e fu&ded pe&!io& pla& .e +ad &o i&te&tio&

of etii&8 a&d !ued fo 9o&8ful di!4i!!al Afte te4i&atio&( +e e*ei5ed a pe&!io& ;e&efit of J(%H pe 4o&t+

Tial: t+e appopiate &oti*e peiod 9a! K 4o&t+! A9aded da4a8e! ;a!ed o& la*# of &oti*e fo %W 4o&t+! Re!po&de&t 9a! paid pe&!io&;e&efit! afte te4i&atio& ;a!ed o& a full' 5e!ted pe&!io& No dedu*tio& of a4ou&t of pe&!io& ;e&efit! paid dui&8 t+e &oti*e peiod fo4 t+eda4a8e! a9ad

IBM Ca&ada Li4ited appealed( a8ui&8 t+at a& a4ou&t eual to t+e pe&!io& ;e&efit! !+ould +a5e ;ee& dedu*ted fo4 da4a8e!

T9e Co"! of Appea 8sm8sse !9e appea-

PART II: SPECI+IC REMEDIES• Called !pe*ifi* ;e*au!e 9e ae &ot u!i&8 4o&e' to *o4pe&!ate I& 4o!t *a!e! 4o&e' da4a8e! !u;!titute fo a lo!!( ;ut

if 9e 8et t+e t+i&8 9e 9a&t( t+at i! t+e 5e' e=a*t t+i&8 $*+attel) I& t+e *a!e of a& i&7u&*tio&( Def 9ill +a5e to a*t i& apati*ula 9a' a&d e!pe*t Pl! i8+t a! oppo!ed to 7u!t 8etti&8 4o&e' fo t+e 5iolatio& of t+e i8+t

•

Euita;le e4edie!• Di!*etio&a' e4edie!( 9+ile da4a8e! ae &ot $Pl +a! i8+t to e*o5e if +e po5e! t+e lo!!) So( 9+e& it *o4e! to SP a&d

i&7u&*tio&!( Pl &o auto4ati* i8+t Cout *a& e=e*i!e di!*etio& ;ut *a&&ot do !o a;itail' a&d 9it+out 5alid ea!o&! ;ut+a! po9e to de*ide 9+i*+ *a!e! ae 8ood *a!e! fo i&7u&*tio&! a&d 9+i*+ *a!e! ae &ot

• If o&e +a! a i8+t to da4a8e! a&d &o i8+t to !pe*ifi* e4edie!( !u88e!t! t+at t+e CL !uppot! 4oe t+e u!e of !u;!tituti5eda4a8e! 0+'6 B* ad4i&i!tei&8 SP *a& ;e a ;i88e ;ude& I& t+e *a!e of da4a8e! 9+ee Def doe!&


23/36

*efo"e a"ess8g 8?;!8os( 0e ms! ;os8e" !9e foo08g ;a!ego"8es: A +ie – i! it pe5e&tati5e $uia tiet ) o e!po&!i5e to a 9o&86B ction – i! it a &e8ati5e $to e!tai&) o a 4a&dato' $to *o4pel) i&7u&*tio&6C nte"est – doe! t+e i&7u&*tio& adde!! te!pa!!( &ui!a&*e( pe!o&al i&7u'( popet' i&7u'( ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t( et*6

T+e!e *ate8oie! o5elap( ;e*au!e all t+ee of t+e!e i!!ue! al9a'! ai!e 9+e& 9e *o&!ide i&7u&*tio&! t+at deal 9it+ la&d 0e 9a&t to 9o#out 9+i*+ fa*to! ae 4oe i4pota&t fo 9+i*+ *ate8oie!

Co"! ms! ;os8e" !9"ee po8!s 09e 8ss8g spe;8f8; "e8ef:% ,i!tl'( 9+e& a!#i&8 fo a e4ed'( Pl 4u!t e!ta;li!+ a ;ase of a*tio&( a&d t+eefoe *au!e fo a !pe*ifi* e4ed' T+i! depe&d! o& t+e

i8+t! t+at 9e alead' +a5e .o9e5e( *out! 4a' 9o# ;a*#9ad! ;' *o&!idei&8 t+e e4edie! to u&pa*# t+e i8+t! Se*o&dl'( *out! 9ill *o&!ide 9+et+e amages a"e !9e app"op"8a!e "emey Cout! 9ill 8e&eall' &ot 8a&t !pe*ifi* elief if it *a&

e4ed' 9it+ da4a8e!• 0+at do 9e 4ea& ;' @i&adeua*' of da4a8e!6 Mo&e' 4a' &ot ;e a;le to fi= t+e po;le4( t+e defe&da&t *a&&ot pa'( Pl doe! &ot

!uffe +a4( et*• .o9 i4pota&t i! t+i! *o&!ideatio&6

• 0+' do 9e *o&!ide da4a8e! a! t+e pi4a' e4ed'6 Spe*ifi* elief i! &ot a e4ed' a! of i8+t( ;ut 9e *a& atti;ute t+i! to t+e

+i!to' of t+e CL T+idl'( t+e *out 9ill *o&!ide 9+et+e e>8!ae "es a" a a0a" ,o e=a4ple( t+e ode *au!e! u&due +ad!+ip to t+e Def It i! at

t+i! !ta8e 9+ee +ad di!*etio& opeate!So4e e4edie! ae o&l' a5aila;le if t+e plai&tiff +a!?9ill !uffe 8""epa"ae 9a"m T+i! *o&*ept +a! a la8e &u4;e of 4ea&i&8! T+e *out 9illal!o *o&!ide t+e aa;e of ;o


24/36

UIA TIMET INBUNCTIONS

Fletcher v Bealey $%''.#( 2' C9 D 6'' $p %W%)I ase;e of a;!a amages( a ?uia timet 8?;!8o $PERMANENT )ERE# 08 oy e g"a!e 8f P es!a8s9es:%# Lega ;ase of a;!8o2# T9"ea! 8f 8mm8e! 8mme8a!e 9a"m $a of ;o


25/36

#agtoo v @A /3 &oncession &o( %&&& OB o /&// $L# $SCB# $p %WH) INTERLOCUTOR, INBUNCTION-+a;!s: Pl ;i&8 4otio& fo a& i&telo*uto' uia tiet i&7u&*tio& to pe5e&t t+e defe&da&t! fo4 ;uildi&8 a +9' Pl *lai4 t+att+e e=te&!io& of t+e it 9ill *o&!titute a &ui!a&*e ;e*au!e 9ill i&*ea!e le5el of &oi!e alte t+e ual !etti&8 i& 9+i*+ t+e'*ue&tl' e!ide

App"op"8a!e !es! fo" a 8!e"o;!o"y 8?;!8o 9a! e!ta;li!+ed ;' t+e SCC i& ,9,. MacDonald nc v. *anada $pa %H):% T+ee! a !eiou! ue!tio& to ;e tied T+e t+e!+old 9+e& dete4i&i&8 if t+ee i! a !eiou! ue!tio& to ;e tied i! lo9

T+e e=pe*tatio& 4u!t ;e ea!o&a;le I& t+e a;!e&*e of a& i&7u&*tio&( t+e 4o5i&8 pat' 9ill !uffe iepaa;le +a4 Bala&*e of *o&5e&ie&*e fa5o! 8a&ti&8 t+e i&7u&*tio&

App8;a!8o !o !9e fa;!s:• No &ui!a&*e: .9'! ae &e*e!!a'" t+e' *au!e di!uptio& I& t+e ;al of po; i&+ee&t i& t+e la9 of &ui!a&*e( t+e utilit' of a

+9' fo t+e pu;li* 8ood fa out9ei8+! t+e di!uptio& i&7u' 9+i*+ i! 5i!ited upo& !o4e ad7oi&i&8 la&d! 1ud8e 9a!u&a;le to fi&d a&'t+i&8 u&ea!o&a;le a;out t+e Go5! de!i8&atio& of t+e la&d to ;uild a +9' I&!tead( Pl! e=pe*tatio& of e!idi&8 i& a ual aea i! !o4e9+at u&ea!o&a;le 8i5e& t+at t+e' ou8+t to +a5e #&o9& t+at t+e la&d 9a! e!e5ed fo t+ee=te&!io& of +9' T+i! i! &ot a *a!e of &ui!a&*e T+ee i! ;i&di&8 7ui!pude&*e 9+i*+ e!ta;li!+e! t+at *+a&8i&8 Pl!+o4e! fo4 a ual !etti&8 to a& u;a& !etti&8 doe! &ot i& a&d o& it!elf *o&!titute &ui!a&*e

• T+ee i! iepaa;le +a4" +o9e5e( *out did &ot fi&d t+at t+i! +a4 i! i44i&e&t

o I44i&e&*e of t+e +a4 i! a& i4pota&t *o&!ideatio&: *out dete4i&ed t+at Pl! 4a' &ot feel t+e effe*t! of t+e*o&!tu*tio& of t+e +i8+9a' fo a lo&8 ti4e $if e5e) Ca& po5i&*e! +a5e e&5io&4e&tal le8i!latio& t+at allo9! t+e!tate o pi5ate pe!o&! to e5ie9?*o&te!t pu;li* po7e*t! a&d e&5io&4e&tal a!!e!!4e&t!

• No !eiou! i!!ue to ;e tied a&d &o iepaa;le +a4 9ill e!ult 9it+out a& i&telo*uto' i&7u&*tio&( it i! al4o!t i&e5ita;let+at t+e ;ala&*e of *o&5e&ie&*e fa5o! t+e defe&da&t! $9+e& ;ala&*i&8 t+e *o&5e&ie&*e( t+e *out 4u!t 9ei8+t t+e

i&tee!t of t+e plai&tiff a8ai&!t t+e i&tee!t of t+e pu;li*)

Comme!s:• ,9, te!t i& 9agtoo 5 to e! t+e iepaa;le +a4 i!

i44i&e&t a&d *ite!


26/36

• Cout doe!&t 9a&t to !+ut do9& a& i4pota&t pat of t+e e*o&o4' $foe!t !pa'i&8) u&le!! t+e i!# i! po5e& to ;e +i8+eCo&*e& t+at 8a&ti&8 uia tiet i&7u&*tio& 4a' *u; i&&o5atio& de5elop4e&t – t+e i&7u&*tio& !+ould &ot +a5e t+i!effe*t

Comme!s:

T+i! *a!e 5 9agtoo: 9+ee doe! t+e *out !a' t+e te!t to ;e 4et fo t+e Huia +iet i&7u&*tio&6 I& t+i! *a!e t+e *outdoe!&

• T+e e5e&t efeed to 4u!t ;e !u*+ t+at &eit+e pat' *a& do a&'t+i&8 to p"e


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+a;!s: Pl ;u'! a +ou!e &e=t to a *i*#et 8ou&d a&d !ue! t+e *lu; fo ;all! +it o&to t+ei popet'" alle8e! t+at a*ti5itie! of *lu;*au!i&8 a &ui!a&*e – i&tefee&*e Clu; *lai4ed t+at it too# all ea!o&a;le 4ea!ue! to a5oid +itti&8 ;all! o&to t+e popet'Ball! ael' left t+e pit*+ Pl i! !ee#i&8 a& i&7u&*tio& a&d da4a8e! Pl 9ee !u**e!!ful at o;tai&i&8 a& i&7u&*tio& at t+e lo9e *out 9+i*+ t+e *lu; appealedIssesa- I! pla'i&8 *i*#et a &ui!a&*e6- I! it ele5a&t t+at t+e +ou!e! 9ee e*e&tl' ;uilt a&d t+e field +a! ;ee& t+ee fo K 'ea!6;- I! t+i! a& u&ea!o&a;le u!e of t+e la&d6

)e: Def i! lia;le" +o9e5e( Pl i! e&titled o&l' fo pe!e&t a&d !o4e futue da4a8e!Reaso8g:

A) Lo" De8g( 8sse!: e7e*ted Sturges v. Bridgman to !tate t+e popo!itio& t+t @a ;ala&*e +a! to ;e 4ai&tai&ed ;t9t+e i8+t of t+e o**upie to do 9+at +e li#e! 9it+ +i! o9& Xla&d( a&d t+e i8+t of +i! &ei8+;ou &ot to ;e i&tefeed 9it+T+i! i! &o &ui!a&*e( ;* it i! &ot a& u&ea!o&a;le u!e of t+e la&d *o44u&it' i&tee!t i& *i*#et fa out9ei8+! po!!i;ilit' of Pl ;ei&8 +it .e 9ould +a5e di!4i!!ed a *lai4 fo da4a8e!( ;ut t+e *lu; a8eed to pa' fo da4a8e! Sa'! t+ee! &o9o&8( ;ut if Def 9a&t! to pa' t+e& +e *a& pa' Lea!t +elpful de*i!io& f LD O&l' o&e t+at t+i! t+ee i!&t &ui!a&*e

B) Lo" Geoff"ey Lae *ited Sturges v. Bridgman to !tate t+at t+e la9 o& t+e 4atte i! de*ided: *o4i&8 i&to t+e &ui!a&*e i!&o defe&*e Ga&t! t+e i&7u&*tio&( ;ut !u!pe&d! it! opeatio& fo % 4o&t+! to allo9 Def! to !ee# a& alte&ati5e pit*+T+i! da4a8e! ae i&adeuate ;* it 9ill #eep +appe&i&8 So( 9e *ould a9ad a !u4 of 4o&e' fo da4a8e! t+at +a5ealead' +appe&ed ;ut t+i! 9ill #eep +appe&i&8Z

C# Lo" Cmm8g *";e !ou8+t to @!ti#e a fai ;ala&*e ;et9ee& t+e i8+t of Pl to +a5e uiet e&7o'4e&t of t+ei +ou!e a&d t+e oppotu&it' of t+e i&+a;ita&t! of t+e 5illa8e to e&7o' t+e 4a&l' !pot .e e*o8&i>e! t+at t+e ule! of euit' allo9fo fle=i;ilit' i& +i! e4edial a!!e!!4e&t a&d t+eefoe ;elie5e! t+ee i! a &ui!a&*e ;ut &o i&7u&*tio& ;a!ed o& t+epi&*iple! of euit' Di!*u!!io& a;out Shelfer &ity *a!e: 'ou !+ould o&l' 8et da4a8e! i&!tead of i&7 if i&7u' to i8+t! i!!4all( ea!' to e!ti4ate i& 4o&e' a&d *o4pe&!ated ;' a !4all pa'4e&t( a&d it 9ould ;e oppe!!i5e to Def if i&7 9a!8a&ted A&'t+i&8 *a& affe*t e4ed' ;* it i! di!*etio&a'

Kenna!ay v hom"son( %&'% * '' $CA# $p K)

• Co"! ep"essy 8sag"ees 08!9 LDHs "8g 8 %iller v #ac$son a "efses !o ao0 !9e p8; 8!e"es! !o p"e


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*ould follo9 e"ican *%anaid te!t

• ,u&da4e&tal diffee&*e ;et9ee& t+e *la!!i*al pi4a fa*ie *a!e te!t a&d t+e @4ulti/fa*to te!t i! t+at t+e ue!tio& of 9+et+e t+ee i! a pi4a fa*ie *a!e i! a t+e!+old ue!tio& i& t+e fo4e( 9+ile it i! o&l' o&e of t+e fa*to! to ;e*o&!ideed i& t+e latte

• T+e de*i!io& of t+e SCC i& ,9,$MacDonald nc. v *anada !u88e!t! a 8o9i&8 a**epta&*e of t+e e"ican *%anaid te!t o5e t+e ot+e t9o te!t! !till applied i& Ca&ada

6ule Inc v +tlantic Pizza 'elight Franchise $%&77#( %7 OR $2# .@. $D8< C!# $p KH) +merican &yanamid v /thicon-imited i! 8ood la9 i& Ca&ada

+a;!s: Pl 8i5e& !ole a&d e=*lu!i5e i8+t! to !ell fa&*+i!e! i& O&taio fo '! '! i&to t+e 2 Def *a&*eled t+e a8ee4e&tDef al!o !e&t a 4e!!a8e to 5aiou! fa&*+i!e +olde! i& O&taio ad5i!i&8 t+e4 t+at t+e Pl 9a! &o lo&8e i&5ol5ed Def *lai4!t+i! affe*ted +i! eputatio& i& t+e fa&*+i!e field a&d i& t+e food !e5i*i&8 i&du!t' a&d 9ill !uffe !e5ee fi&a&*ial lo!!e! !i&*e it&o9 +old! o i! i& t+e po*e!! of pu*+a!i&8 eal e!tate a&d euip4e&t ;ou8+t !pe*ifi*all' fo t+e pupo!e of *a'i&8 out t+e;u!i&e!! 8e&eated t+ou8+ +i! *o&ta*tual elatio&!+ip 9it+ t+e Def!

Isses: Ca& P eue!t a& i&tei4 i&7u&*tio& a8ai&!t t+e alle8ed ;ea*+ u&til date of tial6

Ra!8o:

A# 49a! !9"ee !es!s oes !9e ;o"! 8e!8fy

% Cla!!i*al 4odel $Multi eui!ite te!t): euie! a !to&8 pi4a fa*ie t+e!+old

Multi fa*to te!t: t+i! i! a !et of &o& *u4ulati5e *o&ditio&! t+at *a& ;e 4et i& ode to ;e 8a&ted a& i&7u&*tio&( t+efaili&8 of o&e 9ould &ot &e*e!!ail' 4ea& t+e faili&8 of t+e po!!i;ilit' of ;ei&8 8a&ted t+e i&7u&*tio&

.a! t+e plai&tiff! de4o&!tated a p"ia !acie *a!e6

If t+e plai&tiff! a*tio& doe!&t !u**eed at tial( *a& t+e plai&tiff pa' da4a8e!6

I! t+e ode &e*e!!a' to 4ai&tai& t+e !tatu! uo6

0ill t+e plai&tiff !uffe iepaa;le +a4 9it+out t+e i&7u&*tio&6

T+e ;ala&*e of *o&5e&ie&*e" a&d(

Doe! t+e defe&da&t! i&tee!t 4eit eual *o&!ideatio& to t+at of t+e plai&tiff6

A4ei*a& C'a&a4id te!t

*# 49a! !es! o !9ey aop!

• 1ud8e !ele*t! t+e te!t fo4 e"ican *%anaid *o v. 7thicon( ;e*au!e i& t+i! *a!e t+ee 9ee *o&fli*ti&8 affida5it! a&dta&!*ipt! of *o!!/e=a4i&atio&!

^ if t+e *out o&l' +a! o&e !ide of t+e !to' o o&e !ide of affida5it!( t+i! i! a fa*to t+at de4a&d! a +i8+e !*uti&'

C# Tes! fo" I?;!8o

$S+o9 t+at *lai4 i! &ot f"8


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• .o9 doe! t+e *out +a&dle t+e *+alle&8e t+at Pl +a! a i8+t to a fai +eai&8 ;efoe a pofe!!io&al e5ie9 ;oad o& o&e+a&d( a&d t+e Def! i8+t to eli8iou! feedo4 o& t+e ot+e +a&d6

)e:

• Ga&t! i&tei4 i&7u&*tio&( efai&i&8 Def! f po*eedi&8 9it+ &e9 1udi*ial Co44ittee +eai&8 u&til LSUC +eai&8! +a5e*o&*luded

'avid Hunt Farms -td v &anada 0%in of +griculture1( %&&/ 2 +C 62. $CA# $p K) Co"!s 08 !ae 8!o ;os8e"a!8oa am8ss8o aga8s! 8!e"es! y oe of !9e pa"!8es-

+a;!s: ,a4e i& Al;eta +ad *o9! i4poted f U2 Mi&i!t' de*ided to +a5e U2 i4poted *attle de!to'ed $i!# of Mad Co9di!ea!e) Appli*a&t a!#! fo i&telo*uto' i&tei4 i&7u&*tio& a8ai&!t 8o5( to !top *attle f ;ei&8 de!to'ed ,i!t di!4i!!ed ;' t+etial 7ud8e ,a4 appeali&8 to t+e CA to +a5e t+e de*i!io& o5etu&ed a&d t+e i&7u&*tio& 8a&ted

De;8s8o: Appeal 9a! allo9ed I&7u&*tio& 9a! 8a&ted

Reaso8g: T+e t+ee/pat te!t i& +u"bo ,esou"ces Gtd. v. #et"o *anada nc. 9a! applied

%# Is !9e"e a se"8os 8sse !o e !"8e Mi&i!te


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• Moeo5e t+e e5ide&*e did &ot !uppot t+e a!!etio& t+at *attle fo4 o&e pat of t+e U2 9ee 4oe at i!# t+a&t+o!e fo4 a&ot+e

Prairie Hos"itality &onsultants -td v 3enard International Hos"itality &onsultants -td $%&'@#( %%' DLR $3# %2% $*CSC#$p ) *aa;e of ;o

• T+e 8e&eal idea i! t+at if t+e 8ood i! 8>e $Falc$e )( 4o&e' 9o&a!e( 9+' ae da4a8e! i&adeuate i& *a!e! of u&iue8ood!6 Be*au!e $%) 4o&e' *a&&ot ;' 9+at 'ou 9a&t" $) 4o&e' *a&&ot *o4pe&!ate 'ou fo 'ou lo!!

P8 %: Harnett v. 6elding t+e oi8i&al fou&datio& of t+e!e de*ee! 9a! !i4pl' t+i!( t+at da4a8e! at la9 9ould &ot8i5e t+e pat' t+e *o4pe&!atio& to 9+i*+ +e 9a! e&titled" t+at i!( 9ould &ot put +i4 i& a !ituatio& a! ;e&efi*ial to +i4 a!if t+e a8ee4e&t 9ee !pe*ifi*all' pefo4ed

• Falc$e i! a ;ad e=a4ple ;e*au!e t+ee *ould +a5e ;ee& SP +ad t+ee &ot ;ee& a& euita;le ;a $a#i& to u&ea!o&a;le

;e+a5iou)

49e a"e amages 8ae>a!e

Ca!e of a 8>e popet'

T+e leadi&8 e=a4ple i! LAND( ;ut 9e &o lo&8e a!!u4e auto4ati*all' t+at ;* it

o $+ad t+e' &ot ;ou8+t fo 5alue( it 9ould ;e po!!i;le to a!# t+e4 to 8i5e it ;a*#)o T+e la9 4a!!i5el' fa5o! Euit'

• I& Falc$e( *out doe!&


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I& &anadian -ong Island v. Irvin Industries( Pl a&d !o4eo&e el!e e&8a8e i& a popet' Pl +a! afi!t efu!al i8+t T+e Def doe!&e a amages a"e o! a ae>a!e "emey $e!es SP !o ;9a!!es#- T98" pa"!y 8sse: t+id

patie! 9it+ &oti*e 4u!t pa' up $+ee( 0 did&t #&o9 !o &ot e!po&!i;le) SP 8s a 8s;"e!8oa"y "emey( 8s!"a!e 9e"e:seems li$e a hard (argain !ould (e a defence for SP.

+a;!s: G !old ,( a& a&tiue deale( a pai of 5a!e! fo K pou&d! ea*+ Befoe deli5e'( !+e ;e8a& to +a5e +e dou;t! a;outt+e eal 5alue of t+e 5a!e! !o !+e a!#ed M 0at!o&( a&ot+e deale( fo a 5aluatio& 0 !o a4a>ed ;' t+e ;eaut' of t+e 5a!e!t+at offeed KK pou&d! fo t+e4 M! G a**epted t+e offe a&d M 0 ;ou8+t t+e4Isses:

%- Ca +a;e ge! !9e


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Reaso8g: 1u!ti*e Maitla&d *ite! -umley v. 2agner to e=plai& t+at t+e *out 9ill &ot +a5e a! 4u*+ diffi*ult' e&fo*i&8&e8ati5e *o5e&a&t! I& t+i! *a!e( Sadi4 *o&5e'ed t+e popet' to CLIP 8i5i&8 full #&o9led8e of t+e 7oi&t o9&e!+ip *o&ta*tMaitla&d uote! Fry on S"ecific Performance to !uppot +i! +oldi&8 t+at t+id patie! 4a' ;e +eld lia;le to a& a*tio& fo !pe*ifi* pefo4a&*e upo& t+e @euita;le 8ou&d of *o&!*ie&*e

No!es: T+i! i!!ue of #&o9led8e i! a po;le4 i& 8s"a;e o !"aed to e*ei5e pe4iu4! o pa'4e&t! fo4 t+e pu;li* U&de t+e a8ee4e&t( t+e 4o&e' i! to ;e +eld o& tu!t fo t+ei&!ua&*e *ie o *aie .'pot+eti*all'( t+e a8e&t 4a' put t+e 4o&e' i&to a ;a to 9+i*+ t+e a8e&t o9e! 4o&e' Ba 4a' ta#e t+e 4o&e'to off!et t+e a8e&t! de;t T+e i&!ua&*e *ie o *aie ;e*o4e! eall' up!et ;e*au!e t+e ;a +a! ta#e& it! 4o&e' T+i! i! a!!u4i&8 t+at t+e

a8e&t &e5e told t+e ;a t+at it 9a! tu!t 4o&e' T+e Ban ct +a! po5i!io&! e=*ulpati&8 t+e ;a fo4 +a5i&8 *o&!tu*ti5e #&o9led8e"+o9e5e( t+e ;a @#&o9! da4& 9ell t+at t+e 4o&e' 9a! +eld o& tu!t T+eefoe( t+e ;a +old! t+e 4o&e' o& *o&!tu*ti5e tu!t fo t+ei&!ue o *aie

aylor v /isner $%&&3#( %@. Sas R 2'3 $CA# $p )

• Ta'lo t+e o9&e of a li4ited &u4;e of el#( e&teed i&to a& a8ee4e&t to pu*+a!e a ;a!i* +ed fo4 Ei!&e( a 9ell #&o9&;eede of el#

• Not9it+!ta&di&8 t+e a8ee4e&t( Ei!&e !old t+e el# to d p

• T9e !"8a ?ge fou&d a 5alid a&d e&fo*ea;le *o&ta*t( ;ut de*li&ed to ode !pe*ifi* pefo4a&*e Ta'lo 9a! a9adedda4a8e! a&d fo4 t+i! 7ud84e&t Ei!&e appealed Appeal allo9ed Ne9 tial odeed e8adi&8 ;ot+ lia;ilit' a&d da4a8e! due to pe*eptio& of u&fai&e!! of t+e pat of t+e 7ud8e $u&eual appli*atio& of t+e +ad e5ide&*e ule) a&d to *o&!ide appopiate pi&*iple! of ua&tifi*atio& a&d 4iti8atio&of da4a8e!

)e: Appeal allo9ed

SP o! app"op"8a!e "emey ;* el# @ae ;ut &ot u&iue a&d SP 9ould 9o# +ad!+ip o& d p 9+o 9ee oa f8ep";9ase"s 08!9o! o!8;e-

If Ps ;a8m SP( o !9ey s!8 9a

fo4 Balla&t' I&* fo t+e depo!it( a&d it 9a! &e5e 8oi&8 to pu*+a!e a&' ot+e la&d

T"8a:• +ad t+e Boad u!ed it! ;e!t effot!( t+e !e5ea&*e 9ould li#el' +a5e ;ee& 8a&ted( a&d t+e ta&!a*tio& 9ould +a5e ;ee&

*o4pleted ;' t+e *lo!i&8 date" t+eefoe( t+e Boad! ;ea*+ *au!ed Sout+*ott! lo!!"• !pe*ifi* pefo4a&*e 9a! &ot a& appopiate e4ed' a! t+e la&d did &ot +a5e t+e ualit' of u&iue&e!!" ;ut

• Sout+*ott 9a! e&titled to da4a8e!( 9+i*+ 9ee a!!e!!ed at J%((KK

T9e *oa" appeae( CA e;8e:

t+e tial 7ud8e did &ot e i& fi&di&8 t+at t+e Boad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causation_(law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causation_(law)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causation_(law)


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• A! a !epaate le8al e&tit'( Sout+*ott 9a! euied to 4iti8ate ;' 4a#i&8 dili8e&t effot! to fi&d a !u;!titute popet'(;e*au!e t+o!e 9+o *+oo!e t+e ;e&efit! of i&*opoatio& 4u!t ;ea t+e *oe!po&di&8 ;ude&!( i&*ludi&8 t+e dut' to4iti8ate it! lo!!e!

• sae"a( 9+e& ead to8et+e 9it+ Semelhago v. Paramadevan( +old! t+at it *a&&ot ;e a!!u4ed t+at da4a8e! fo ;ea*+ of *o&ta*t fo t+e pu*+a!e a&d !ale of eal e!tate 9ill ;e a& i&adeuate e4ed' i& all *a!e!( a&d !pe*ifi*pefo4a&*e 9ill ;e a5aila;le o&l' 9+ee 4o&e' *a&&ot *o4pe&!ate full' fo t+e lo!!( ;e*au!e of !o4e @pe*ulia a&d!pe*ial 5alue of t+e la&d to t+e plai&tiff

D8sse!: ;elie5ed S +ad a @fai( eal( a&d !u;!ta&tial 7u!tifi*atio& fo *lai4i&8 !pe*ifi* pefo4a&*e of t+e *o&ta*t

No!e: Southcott i! !i8&ifi*a&t ;e*au!e 8! ;of8"ms !9a! a ;a8m fo" spe;8f8; pe"fo"ma;e 08 o! 8sa!e a pa8!8ff f"om!9e !y !o m8!8ga!e- It i! al!o &ote9ot+' ;e*au!e t+e 4a7oit' a! 9ell a! t+e di!!e&t !ee4 to a**ept ;' i4pli*atio& t+ati4pe*u&io!it' $&o 4o&e' a5aila;le) i! a defe&*e to a failue to 4iti8ate

Spe;8f8; Pe"fo"ma;e of Pe"soa Se"eess-

+a;!s: N e&teed a 2 9it+ 0B fo 9ee#!( e&e9a;le at 0B! optio&( 9+ee;' !+e 9ould e&de e=*lu!i5e !e5i*e!a! a fil4 ati!t to 0B A &e8ati5e !tipulatio& i& t+e 2 po5ided t+at dui&8 t+e peiod of t+e 2( !+e 9ould &ot e&8a8e i&a&' ot+e o**upatio& to a&'o&e el!e BD 9e&t to E&8la&d a&d !tated 9o#i&8 a! a fil4 ati!t fo !o4eo&e el!e ;ea*+ of 2 9it+ 0B" ad4it! to ;ea*+ 0B 9a&t! a& i&7u&*tio& a8ai&!t +e 9o#i&8 fo t+e d pe!o&

Isse: Ca& t+e *out( t+ou8+ a& i&7u&*tio&( e&fo*e t+e &e8ati5e !tipulatio& i& 9+i*+ N po4i!ed &ot to 9o# a! a fil4ati!t fo a d p 9+ile u&de 2 9it+ 0B6 – YESZ

Reaso8g $Ba&!o& 1): It i! &ot tue t+at t+i! *o&ta*t i! u&la9ful a! ;ei&8 i& e!tai&t of tade N tied to !a' t+at it i!!o ;e*au!e t+e 2 *o4pelled N to !e5e 0B e=*lu!i5el' a&d *ould po!!i;l' la!t fo t+e e!t of +e life

H


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T9e Co"!s 08 o! efo";e a pos8!8


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Re

Remedies - Notes Marylise

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