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Religious Refuge in Utah The Mormon Pioneers

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Mormon Pioneers Church was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith in New York State Formed a community in New York, but unsympathetic neighbors disapproved of the Mormons religion Mormons were forced to move on New York to Ohio, then to Missouri, and then Illinois

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Persecution Once Again 1844 a mob in Illinois killed Smith Brigham Young took charge of the Mormons Young decided to move the Mormons again Pushed on near the Great Salt Lake in Utah At this time, Utah was still part of Mexico However, the Mormons didnt face trouble because no Mexicans had settled the region Harsh terrain

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A Haven in the Desert 1846: Mormon Migration to the GSL began 12,000 made up the trek Largest single migration in American History Set up communities in an area they called Deseret Carefully planned towns Built irrigation canals to water their farms Founded industries Sold supplies to the 49ers as they passed through to California This is the Place

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Statehood 1848: U.S. acquires the Salt Lake area 1850: Congress establishes the Utah Territory 1896: After many attempts for statehood, Utah becomes the 45 th state Applied for statehood 5 times Government was weary of the Mormons U.S. and Mormons almost went to war in 1857 and 1858 State of Deseret got smaller and smaller each time

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Norths Economy Chapter 13 Sections 1-2

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Technology and Industry During the 1800s, advances in technology and transportation shaped the Norths economy Before 1800: Most people worked on farms Most goods were made by hand, one at a time Blacksmiths, tailors, shoemakers Changes on how Americans worked, traveled, and communicated Power-Driven Machinery Industrialization Technology

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Norths Ability to Industrialize New Methods in Technology and Business Increase production Raise money to fund other things Rich supply of natural resources Three Factors of Production: 1.Land 2.Labor 3.Capital

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Land Labor FACTORS OF PRODUCTION All the land All the natural Resources located on the land Number of workers - Need workers to turn raw materials into goods

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Capital Equipment thats used in production of goods Buildings Machinery Tools Money for investments Large amounts of money were needed to finance industrial growth

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Production of Goods Land and Labor are needed to produce capital goods Capital Goods are needed to produce consumer goods People can buy manufactured goods

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Improved Transportation Contributes to the success of Americas new industries 1807: Robert Fultons Steamboat Faster and more reliable than flatboats or sail-powered vessels 1800-1850: Built thousands of miles of roads and canals Open new shipping routes by connecting lakes and rivers Growth of Cities Connection of farms in the Midwest to cities in the Northeast 1840-1850s: Growth of Railroads Speed the flow of goods 1869: Transcontinental Railroad is completed

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Faster Communication Telegraph Uses electric signals to transmit messages Samuel Morse Morse Code May 24, 1844: First successful telegraph message Series of dots and dashes representing letters of the alphabet

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Norths Agriculture Railroad gave farmers access to new markets to sell their products Advances in technology increased the size of harvest people could produce 1800s: Farmers move to the Great Plains of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota Afraid to move farther west because of the matted sod and infertile soil

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ADVANCES TO AGRICULTURE Inventions: John Deeres Steel-tipped plow in 1837 Stronger to cut through hard packed sod Cyprus McCormicks Mechanical Reaper Sped up the harvesting of wheat Thresher Separates the grain for the stalk Slavery largely disappears in the North by 1830s Still have prejudice, segregation, and discrimination Couldnt vote, attend public schools or facilities Forced into separate schools and hospitals

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WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY New Inventions: Telegraph, Steel Tipped Plow, Reaper, Thresher, Steamboat, Improvements: Communication, Production of Goods, Transportation, Agriculture GROWTH OF THE U. S. Growth of cities: New Waterways, Railroads, More Extensive Area Reached By Railroads, Canals, Roads, Growth of Factories NORTHS ECONOMY Cash Crops, Quicker and Cheaper Transfer of Goods, Growth of Markets, Money to Fund Industrial Growth

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Northern Factories Although there were many advances in agriculture, the North was focused on INDUSTRY 1820-1860: Growth of Mills and Factories Before this time, small shops (Blacksmiths, Shoemakers, etc.) Machines took over many production tasks Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, Watches, Guns, Sewing Machines, Agricultural Machinery

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Factory System Bad and Dangerous Working Conditions Longer Hours Worked to Produce More Goods 1840: Working days averaged 11.4 hours Increase in On-The-Job Accidents Loss of limbs, Death Factory Owners Push for Profits Dont care about the security or safety of employees Formation of Trade Unions Strikes Shorter Hours, More Pay, Better Working Conditions

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Immigration 1840-1860: Dramatic Increase in immigration Manufactures welcome immigrants Desperate for work, even if it meant working long hours for little pay Numbers: 1820s: 10,000 1830s: 20,000 1840s: 80,000 1850s: 360,000 1860s: 155,000 Percentages: - 1820-1840: Ireland 35% Germany 22% Great Britain 14% All Others 29% - 1841-1860: Ireland 33% Germany 32% Great Britain 16% All Others 13%

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Waves of Immigrants 1846-1860: More than 1.5 Million immigrants come from Ireland Potato Famine killing more than 1 million (1840s) Most were Farmers who didnt have money to buy land Took low-paying jobs in Northern factories 1848-1860: More than 1 Million come from Germany Democratic Revolution (1848) Most had money to settle and establish industry Most went to the Midwest

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I MPACT OF I MMIGRATION Change the character of the country Bring their own languages, customs, religions, culture Before 1800s: Mainly Protestants from Great Britain or slaves Through Immigration, more and more Roman Catholics from Germany and Ireland 1830-1840s: Anti-Immigrant Feelings Nativists were against immigration Create the American Political Party Known as the Know-Nothing Party Stricter Laws for Citizenship Extending time to gain citizenship from 5 to 21 years Ban Foreign-Born Citizens from holding office Anti-Catholic Societies What are 3 reasons why people might be against immigration? Prejudice, Discrimination