RELIGION IN AMERICAAPUSH Exam Review!

EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)

• Massachusetts Bay

• Puritans/Congregationalists

• John Winthrop—”City Upon A Hill” sermon/philosophy

• Covenant with God

• Communal living (town structured on common land)

• Strong work ethic—”Protestant” or “Puritan” work ethic

• Halfway Covenant (1662)

• Changed the rules of Baptism to gain and promote interest in church

• Salem Witch Trials (1692)

EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)

• Massachusetts Bay Cont’d.

• Roger Williams in Rhode Island (1636)

• Wall of separation

• Free exercise of religion

• Anne Hutchinson

• Belief in faith and grace

EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)

• Quakers in Pennsylvania

• William Penn

• Religions freedom and civil liberties

• Fair and equal treatment of Natives

• Catholics in Maryland

• Lord Baltimore

• Act of Toleration (1649)

EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)

• Anglican Church/Church of England

• Established in royal and proprietary colonies

• Eventually, Protestantism dominated colonies by 1700s

• By 1700, women constituted majority of church membership.

FIRST GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S

• More on spirit and emotion rather than doctrine and procedure

• Response to Enlightenment of reason & science

• Deism-supreme being set natural world

• George Whitefield-Methodist

• Evangelical preaching--emotion and spirit

• Jonathan Edwards—Congregationalist

• “Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God”

FIRST GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S

• Development and Growth of Protestant Denominations

• Baptists

• Convert whites and blacks/slaves in South

• Methodists

• Convert whites and blacks/slaves in South

• Presbyterians

• Convert frontier lands

• Loss of Membership• Congregationalists/Puritans

• Quakers

• Anglicans

REVOLUTIONARY ERA

• Independence became a righteous cause

• Splintered Anglican Church in America –Loyalist vs. Patriots

• Episcopalians—Anglican Church in US

CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD

• Constitution established secular government

• Establishment Clause

• Free Exercise clause

• No religious tests

SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790-1840S

• Developed to revive religious dedication, convert non-Christians, and reform society and culture on moral grounds

• Spearheaded by Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians through evangelicalism

• Revivals (camp meetings) led to established churches in South, West , frontier

• “burned over district” in Western New York

• Benevolent/Temperance Societies

• Alcohol, drugs, prostitution, gambling are BAD

• American Temperance Society (1826)

SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790-1840S

• Reform Societies

• Dorthea Dix

• Auburn System

• Schools for deaf/blind

• Education Reform

• Abolitionism

• Effects mostly seen in North

SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790-1840S

• Mormons/Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (1830

• Millennialism

• Southern Baptists

• Growth of black churches

• Churches of Christ

• Irish Immigration

• Whig Party

UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES

• Shakers

• Oneida

• New Harmony

• Brook Farm

THIRD GREAT AWAKENING

• Social and moral activism in response to Gilded Age

• Social Gospel

• Temperance Movement

• Social Darwinism

• Immigration

FUNDAMENTALISM AND MODERNISM 1900-1920S

• Fundamentalism

• Modernism

• 18th Amendment/Volstead

• Scopes Trial

• Rebellion to conservatism

• Religious conservatives

CONSERVATISM IN 1950S AND LIBERALISM IN 1960S

• McCarthyism & Second Red Scare

• Increased education in 1950s

• Southern Christian Leadership Conference

• Engel v Vitale

• Counterculture

RELIGIOUS RIGHT (1970S-PRESENT)

• Lemon v Kurtzman-Lemon Test

• Roe v Wade

• Conservative Resurgence