Relevant to Capabilities · Tapered Fibre-Optic (3.3:1) Window Photocathode Phosphor CCD 385 x 288...
Transcript of Relevant to Capabilities · Tapered Fibre-Optic (3.3:1) Window Photocathode Phosphor CCD 385 x 288...
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11GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
SwiftCapabilitiesRelevant to
GLAST
Neil Gehrels
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22GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Motivations for Swift
BeppoSAX X-raysHST Optical
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33GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
• Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)− New CdZnTe detectors− Detect >100 GRBs per year
depending on logN-logS− Most sensitive gamma-ray
imager ever
• X-Ray Telescope (XRT)− Arcsecond GRB positions− CCD spectroscopy
• UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT)− Sub-arcsec imaging− Grism spectroscopy− 24th mag sensitivity (1000 sec)− Finding chart for other observers
• Autonomous re-pointing, 20 - 70 sec• Onboard and ground triggers
Instruments
Spacecraft
BAT
XRT
Spacecraft
UVOT
BAT
UVOT
XRT
Spacecraft
Swift Instruments
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44GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
The Gap
Swift
Beppo SAXdata
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55GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
GSFC
Swift Team
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66GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Swift Mission
MissionOperations Center
(MOC)
Payload
Spectrum AstroRapid Autonomous Slews
Science Center GSFC
PSU
HEASARCUK
ItalianArchives
TDRSS
Malindi
Launcher
BATXRT
UVOT
Spacecraft
Delta 7320600 km X 22o inclination
GCN & Web
UserCommunity
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77GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
• Swift launch is September 2003• Baseline mission duration is 2 years with orbit lifetime of
~10 years• GLAST and Swift will likely overlap in time
Relevance to GLAST
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88GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
BAT Instrument
• Real time gamma ray burst positions
− Half coded 1.4 steradian FOV
− 5200 cm2 CdZnTe pixel array
− 15 - 150 keV band
− Based on INTEGRAL Imager design
− 5 times more sensitive than BATSE
− Angular resolution of 17 arcmingiving positions of 1 - 4 arcmin
− Onboard processing to provideprompt arc-minute position tosatellite and to the ground
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99GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
BAT Hardware
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1010GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
BAT Flight Mask (52,000 Lead Tiles)
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1111GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
The BAT Cave
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1212GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
• Flight spare JET-X module
• 15 arc-second half energy width− sharp core will yield arcsec locations
• 3.5 m focal length
• Total effective area− 110 cm2 at 1.5 keV
− 65 cm2 at 6 keV
• CCD array covers 0.2-10 keV band– use spare XMM chip– 24 x 24 arcmin field of view– Cooled to -100 degrees C
XRT Mirror Module
XRT Instrument
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1313GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
XRT in Goddard Clean Room
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1414GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
• Based on XMM OM to minimize cost and risk− Covers 170 nm to 650 nm
− 30 cm Ritchey-Chretien telescope
− 24 mag in 1000 s with 17 arcmin FOV
− Detector is image intensified CCD array
− Unique coverage 20-70 s after
burst trigger
− Positions to 0.3 arcseconds using onboardimage registration
Filter Wheel
XMM OM
UVOT Instrument
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1515GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Tapered Fibre-Optic (3.3:1)
Window
Photocathode
Phosphor
CCD 385 x 288 Pixels
MCP 1
MCP 2
MCP 1 : 8 micron pores on 10 micron centresMCP 2 : 10 micron pores on 12 micron centres
Detector schematic
100 electrons
1000000 electrons
1 photo-electron
1 photon
100000photons
View of telescope
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1616GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
UVOT Measurement of PSF
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1717GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Spacecraft At Spectrum Astro
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1818GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
• Afterglow observations ~1 min. after GRB
• >100 GRBs per year
• Arcsec positions rapidly available
• X-ray spectroscopy in 0.2 - 10 keV band
• Sub-arcsec optical imaging
• UV/optical photometry to 24 mag
• UV/optical spectroscopy with grism(<17 mag)
• Redshift determinations
• Rapid data distributed via GCN
• 15-150 keV trigger
• Trigger sensitive to short & x-ray GRBs
• GRB detection with 5x BATSE sensitivity
Swift
BeppoSAX
Swift GRB Capabilities
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1919GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Early Universe Studies
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-4
1
0
-1
-2
-3
z
Redshift
SwiftBATSE
Lamb & Reichart (2000)
Star
For
mat
ion
Rat
e
– Star formation history – Epoch of first stars– Re-ionization of IGM – Dust and gas content of early galaxies– Metallicity history
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2020GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
•Hard x-ray survey of sky− 0.6 mCrab* sensitivity (high latitude)− 30 times better than HEAO-3 (1979)− Search for predicted class of absorbed
Seyfert 2 AGN
•Monitor sky for transients− ~50% sky coverage on each orbit− ~10 mCrab sensitivity per orbit− 15 - 150 keV
•Response to transient detection− Community notification, minutes timescales
− Observatory repointing, hour timescales
* 1 mCrab = 2x10-11 erg cm-2 s-1
Swift Non-GRB Capabilities
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2121GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Swift / GLAST Joint Operations
• GLAST GRBs can be followed up by Swift− Few arcmin localizations of GLAST are well-suited to Swift XRT
& UVOT fields-of-view− Unique counterparts can be found− Redshifts and host information will be determined
• Swift GRBs can be followed up by GLAST− Searches performed for high energy afterglows− Correlations studies of high energy signatures with low energy
and afterglow properties
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2222GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Swift / GLAST Joint Operations cont.
• Rapid downlink and uplink capabilities of both missionthrough TDRSS will enable coordinated observations
• GRB afterglow observations are optimum whencommunication time is minutes to ~1 hour− May drive requirements for rapid (or autonomous) turn-around at
the MOCs− GCN link between missions should be adequate for
communications
• An exciting possibility is to point GLAST and Swift at thesame part of the sky when the orbits synch up for truesimultaneous observations of prompt phase of GRBs andother transients
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2323GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Swift / GLAST Joint Science Highlights
• Identification of GLAST GRB counterparts by Swift• Joint GRB pulse search for quantum gravity signatures• Joint studies of high redshift GRBs
− Absorption studies− Environments of early stars
• Blazar campaigns− Flare triggers from GLAST to enable multiwavelength
campaigns with Swift instruments− Flare detections by Swift of AGN outside of LAT
scans/pointing
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2424GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
• XRT & UVOT instrument delivered to Goddard this summer
• Spacecraft delivered this week
• BAT instrument scheduled for completion in February
• Guest Investigator program approved for Swift
• EPO program in high gear
• Community workshops planned for Rome GRB meeting (Sept.'02) and Nashville AAS meeting (May '03)
• Launch on for September 2003 !!
Recent News & Upcoming Events
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2525GLAST SWG Sept. 12, 2002
Swift GI Program
• 1999 Swift MIDEX AO did not have provisions for a GI (Phase F) program
• Swift with GRB follow-up is ideally suited for community involvement.
• Opportunities in Cycle 1− Correlative observations of GRBs with non-Swift instruments and
observatories− New GRB projects using Swift data but not requiring GI-specified
observatory pointings− Theoretical investigations that advance the mission science return in the
area of GRBs
• Grants budget: $1.0M Cycle 1, $1.5M in Cycle 2
• Announced through ROSS-03 NRA in January 2003 with proposal due inJune 2003