APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT

USA - USSR

RELEASE NO: 74-196

FACT SHEET

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<NASA-News-Release~74-196) APOLLO SOYOZTEST PROJECT. USA-USSR, FACT SHEET(NASA) 48 p CSCL 22A

N74-29284

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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19740021171 2018-06-20T11:00:26+00:00Z

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TABLE 07 CONTENTS

ASTP General 1

Command and Service Module 1

Docking Module and Docking System 1

Experiments 8

Launch Vehicle ...13

Planned Mission Summary 13

U.S. Space Vehicle Configuration 15

Crew Assignments ....16

ASTP Funding and Budget Request 16

ASTP Major Contractors . 17

Principal Investigators. ... 19

Astronaut Biographies. 23

Cosmonaut Biographies ....45

PAGE BUNK HOT

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APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT

The Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) is a jointendeavor of the United States and the Soviet Union aspart of the agreement on cooperation in space whichPresident Nixon and Chairman Kosygin signed in Moscow inMay of 1972. Both countries have agreed to developcompatible rendezvous and docking systems which will pro-vide a basis for docking and rescue on future spacecraftof both nations, and to conduct a joint experimental mis-sion in mid-1975 to rendezvous and dock a manned Apollospacecraft with a manned Soyuz-type spacecraft to testthese docking systems in orbit. Each nation is separatelydeveloping docking systems based on a mutually agreeablesingle set of interface design specifications.

The major new U.S. program elements are the DockingModule and docking system necessary to achieve compatibi-lity of rendezvous and docking systems with the USSR-developed hardware to be used on a Soyuz spacecraft. TheDocking Module and system together with an Apollo Commandand Service Module (CSM) will be launched on a Saturn IBlaunch vehicle. The Docking Module and the docking systemwill be stowed in the spacecraft launch vehicle adapter andextracted by the CSM while in Earth orbit in a mannersimilar to that used with the Lunar Module on an Apollolunar'mission.

The ASTP mission will include testing a compatiblerendezvous system in orbit; testing the compatible dockingsystems; verifying techniques for transfer of astronautsand cosmonauts; conducting experiments while docked andundocked; developing experience for the conduct of poten-tial joint flights by U.S. and USSR spacecraft, including,in case of necessity, rendering aid in emergency situations,

Joint US/USSR working groups have been meeting on ascheduled basis to review and agree on the technical andoperational aspects of the joint project.

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Command and Service Module

The Apollo spacecraft will be a modified version ofthe Command and Service Module (CSM) flown during thefirst several lunar landing missions. Major CSM modifi-cations include provisions for experiments, additionalpropellant tanks for the reaction control system and theaddition of controls and displays required for the properoperation of the Docking Module and docking system.

Docking Module and Docking System

The Docking Module is cylindrical, approximately1.5 meters (about 5 feet) in diameter and 3 meters (about10 feet) in length. It will serve as an airlock for theinternal transfer of crewmen between the different atmo-spheres of the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft. The DockingModule will be equipped with radio and TV communications,antennas, stored gases, heaters, and the displays andcontrols necessary for transfer operations.

The Docking Module is designed to handle two crewmensimultaneously. Hatches having controls on both sides willbe installed at each end of the module. A universaldocking system will be located at the Soyuz end of themodule and will be capable of functioning with similarcomponents on the Soyuz-type spacecraft. The Apollo endof the Docking Module will use the probe and drogue dockingsystem used during the Apollo lunar program to permitdocking between the Command Module and Lunar Module.

In orbit, Apollo's atmosphere is pure oxygen at apressure of five pounds per square inch. Soyuz uses amixture of nitrogen and oxygen at an Earth sea levelpressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch. (Later NASAspacecraft such as the Space Shuttle will use nitrogen-oxygen at sea level pressure*)

While the spacecraft are docked, the Soyuz pressurewill be reduced from its normal 14.7 pounds per squareinch to 10 pounds. This will make it possible for crew-men to transfer from Soyuz to Apollo without taking timein the airlock to breathe pure oxygen and force nitrogenfrom their blood. Apollo pressure will remain at fivepounds.

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The Docking Module design emphasized low cost construc-tion made possible by the launch weight margin inherent in theuse of the Saturn IB launch vehicle. Thick aluminum plate wasused rather than honeycomb, resulting in a considerable reduc-tion in structural cost.

The Soviet Soyuz will also be modified. One importantmodification will be the use of a compatible rendezvous anddocking system which NASA and Soviet engineers are designing.This system will also be employed on the end of the DockingModule with which Soyuz will dock.

Soyuz has been the primary Soviet manned spacecraftsince its introduction in 196?. It consists of three basicmodules:

• Orbital module, located at the forward end, usedby the crew for work and rest during orbit. It is 3.35 meters(7.3 feet) in diameter, 2.65 meters (8.7 feet) long, andweighs about 1,224 kg (2,700 pounds).

• Descent module, with main controls and crew couches,used by crew during launch, descent, and landing. It weighsabout 2,£02 kg (6,200 pounds) and is 2.2 meters (7.2 feet) long.

• Instrument module, at rear, with subsystems requiredfor power, communications, propulsion, and other functions. Itweighs 2,654 kg (5,350 pounds) and is 2.3 meters (7.5 feet) long,

Experiments

During the ASTP mission, the crew will conduct importantnew science, applications, technology and medical experiments.

The science experiments selected for the mission includeastronomical observations in a region of the electromagneticspectrum which has not been systematically surveyed by satel-lite instruments. The astronomical regions should significantlyadvance understanding of some of the spectacular new classesof objects discovered in the last few years (such as quasars,pulsars, and X-ray sources), and also provide important informa-tion on the nature of the interstellar medium. In addition,atmospheric observations will be conducted using a new tech-nique for measuring atmospheric constituents which are toochemically reactive to measure directly with a mass spectro-meter. This is a joint experiment with the USSR and will beaccomplished by sending an optical signal from the GSM to areflector on the Soyuz.

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The signal will be bounced back and scanned in theApollo spacecraft to study the effects of the sun onatomic oxygen and nitrogen at orbital altitudes. Theseobservations are important for a better understanding ofthe chemistry and the energy balance of the upper atmosphere.Data from these experiments could lead to a better under-standing of the evolution of stars, of the emission pro-cesses which could lead to new methods of energy genera-tion, and of the interaction of the upper and lower atmo-sphere where weather is generated.

The experiments in the field of applications andtechnology will investigate the space processing of newmaterial samples in zero gravity utilizing an improvedmultipurpose furnace, and make earth observations todetermine detailed gravity features and geological struc-tures which could indicate the presence of oil and mineraldeposits. Also included is an experiment in electrophore*-sis processing. An electric field is used to separateliving cells and other biological materials from a flowingmedium without decreasing their activity. It is expectedto determine whether the near zero gravity conditionsenhance a similar process now involved in work by the MaxPlanck Institute in Germany.

Successful demonstration by ASTP could lead to furtherdevelopment of space electrophoresis in Shuttle missionsas a tool for medical research and therapy and contributeto such fields as immunology and cancer research.

The life sciences experiments include extension ofwork done in the Apollo and Skylab programs, such asadditional study of the phenomena of the cosmic lightflashes observed by flight crews and studies of the effectsof zero gravity and radiation on organisms. Studies willalso be conducted on pre and post flight astronaut bloodsamples to determine, among other things, immunity reten-tion. There are also joint US/USSR life science experimentsplanned, such as an experiment designed to determine thedegree of transfer of micro-organism and microflora betweencrew members and the two spacecraft involved in this mission.This experiment is designed to take advantage of a missioninvolving two spacecraft launched from widely separatedground environments.

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Launch Vehicle

ASTP will utilize Apollo-Skylab Saturn IB launch vehiclehardware. The Saturn IB, consisting of an S-IB stage, anS-IVB stage, and an instrument unit, will launch the space-craft from the Kennedy Space Center.

Planned Mission Summary

The Soyuz will be launched from the Baikonur, Kazakhstanlaunch complex at about 1220 GMT* on July 15, 1975, in anortheasterly direction and is inserted into a 1S&- by 22&-km(117- by 142-statute mile) orbit at an inclination of 51.o •On the fourth orbit after lift-off the Soyuz will initiatethe first of.two maneuvers to circularize the orbit at 225 km(140 statute miles). The second maneuver for circularizationwill occur on the 17th Soyuz orbit.

About seven hours 30 minutes after Soyuz launch (1950 GMT),the Apollo will be launched from the Kennedy Space Center in anortheasterly direction and will be inserted into a 150- byl67-km (#3- by 104-statute mile) orbit with an inclination of51.8 . About 1 hour after Apollo orbit insertion, the ApolloCSM will begin the transposition and docking procedure toextract the Docking Module (DM) from the launch vehicle. Theextraction of the DM will be completed by 9 hours 14 minutesSoyuz, Ground Elapsed Time (GET). An evasive maneuver of1 meter per second (mps) (3.3 feet per second) posigrade toavoid recontact with the launch vehicle will raise apogee toabout 167 km (104 statute miles).

The Apollo spacecraft will perform a circularization ma-neuver at third apogee to establish a controlled Apollo rendez-vous maneuver sequence. The rendezvous sequence establishesa standard geometry final approach to the Soyuz spacecraft.The first phasing maneuver (NCI), which occurs at about 13 hours12 minutes Soyuz GET, is an in-plane, horizontal maneuverdesigned to adjust the rate of change of the phase angle bychanging the orbital period. If necessary, a plane changemaneuver (NPC) will be performed after NCI and before thesecond phasing maneuver to place the Apollo in plane with theSoyuz at rendezvous. The plane change maneuver will completethe first day of maneuver activities for each crew.

* Moscow time is obtained by adding 3 hours to Greenwich meantime. Eastern Standard Time is obtained by subtracting 5hours from Greenwich mean time.

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The Soyuz circularization maneuver to establish thefinal rendezvous and docking orbit will occur on the 17thSoyuz orbit. Eight hours later, at about 32 hours 22minutes, a nominally zero phasing correction maneuver(PCM) is scheduled for the Apollo which would correctfor any phasing errors which might have occurred at NCIand at the Soyuz circularization maneuver. The secondphasing maneuver (NC2), at 48 hours 34 minutes Soyuz GET,is an in-plane, horizontal maneuver to adjust the altitudedifference with respect to the Soyuz. Following NC2,the corrective combination maneuver (NCC) is performedat 49 hours and IB minutes Soyuz GET. The NCC maneuvercontrols the phasing, the differential altitude, and thedifferential plane between the two spacecraft at thecoelliptic maneuver point. Finally, the coellipticmaneuver (NSR), at 49 hours and 55 minutes Soyuz GET,establishes an orbit which maintains a near constant dif-ferential altitude between the two spacecraft.

Docking will occur prior to darkness which is at1645 GMT, during the 36th Soyuz orbit. The time of dock-ing on the 29th Apollo revolution is approximately 51 hours55 minutes Soyuz GET.

The amount of time which will be spent with theApollo docked to the Soyuz is approximately 2 days.After final undocking from the Soyuz (following redockingexercises), at approximately 99 hours 15 minutes SoyuzGET, the Apollo will perform a 1 mps posigrade maneuverto avoid recontact, after which each spacecraft will con-duct independent activities. The Soyuz will continue inorbit for approximately 43 hours after separation, landingat about 142 hours Soyuz GET in Kazakhstan. The Apollowill continue in orbit for approximately 6 days afterseparation, landing in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii.

U.S. Space Vehicle Configuration

The Saturn IB launch vehicle, Apollo spacecraft, andother major hardware designed for the Apollo Soyuz TestProject mission will be as follows:

Designation Numbers

Configuration Prime Back-up

First Stage S-IB-210 S-IB-209Second Stage S-IVB-210 S-IVB-209Instrument Unit S-IU-210 S-IU-209

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•Configuration

Spacecraft - L/V AdapterDocking ModuleDocking SystemService ModuleCommand ModuleLaunch Complex

Designation Numbers

Prime Back-up

SLA-13DM-2DS-5SM-111CM-111LC-39B

SLA-22DM-1DS-7SM-119CM-119LC-39B

Crew Assignments

The crew assignments for the Apollo Soyuz Test Pro-ject mission are:

U. S« Crew Assignment

Prime Backup

Commander (CDR) Thomas P. Stafford Alan L. BeanCommand Module Pilot (CMP) Vance D. Brand Ron E. EvansDocking Module Pilot (BMP) Donald K. Slayton Jack R. Lousma

USSR Crew Assignment

Crew 1 Aleksey A. LeonovValeriy N. Kubasov

Crew 2 Anatoliy FilipchenkoNikolay Rukavishnikov

Crew 3 Vladimir DzanibekovBoris Andreyev

Crew 4 Yuri RomanenkoAleksander Ivanchenko

Apollo Soyuz Test ProjectFunding and Budget Request

Command and Service ModuleDocking Module and dockingsystem

Experiments*Launch vehicleLaunch operationsFlight support and operations

Total

1973 1974 1975

$12,600,000 $32,300,000 $ 3,000,000

21,000,000 21,700,0003,000,0009,500,0003,900,000

4,900,000 9,600,000

3,400,0005,000,00032,500,00045,000,00020,700,000

$33.500,000 $90*000.000 $114.600,000

*Reprogramming will increase total for experiments to$16,000,000.

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ASTP Ma.jor Contractors

Rockwell InternationalSpace DivisionDowney, California

Rockwell InternationalRocketdyne DivisionCanoga Park, California

General Electric CompanyValley Forge Space CenterPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Chrysler CorporationSpace DivisionNew Orleans, Louisiana

McDonnell Douglas CorporationHuntington Beach, California

IBM Federal Systems DivisionGaithersburg, Maryland

ILC IndustriesDover, Delaware

The Boeing CompanySeattle, Washington

Xerox CorporationRockville, Maryland

Command and Service Module,Docking Module, Docking System,Spacecraft Support

Saturn Engines and Support

Automatic Checkout Equipment(ACE) Support

Launch Vehicle GroundSupport Equipment

S-IB Stage and Launch Support

S-IVB Stage and Launch Support

Instrument Unit and IU LaunchSupport

Space Suits

Reliability and QualityAssurance at JSC

Launch Complex 39

Digital Evaluator

Bendix Corporation .Peterboro, New Jersey

ST-124 Platform

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ASTRONAUT BIOGRAPHIES

NAME: Thomas P. Stafford (Brigadier General, USAF)Deputy Director, Flight Crew Operations

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born September 1?, 1930, in Weatherford,Oklahoma. His mother, Mrs. Mary Ellen Stafford, is aresident of Weatherford.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Black hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet;weight: 175 pounds.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Weatherford High School, Weatherford,Oklahoma; received a Bachelor of Science degree fromthe United States Naval Academy in 1952; recipientof an Honorary Doctorate of Science from OklahomaCity University in 196?, an Honorary Doctorate of Laws-from Western State University College of Law in 1969,an Honorary Doctorate of Communications from EmersonCollege in 1969, and an Honorary Doctorate of Aero-nautical Engineering from Embry-Riddle AeronauticalUniversity in 1970.

MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Faye L. Shoemaker ofWeatherford, Oklahoma. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Earle E.Shoemaker, reside in Thomas, Oklahoma.

CHILDREN: Dionne, July 2, 1954; Karin, August 23, 1957.

RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies include handball, weightlifting, and swimming.

ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astronautical Societyand member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilotsand the Explorers Club.

SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal,two NASA Exceptional Service Medals, the JSC Certificateof Commendation (1970), the Air Force Command PilotAstronaut Wings, and the Air Force DistinguishedFlying Cross; and co-recipient of the AIAA AstronauticsAward, the 1966 Harmon International Aviation Trophy,the National Academy of Television Arts and SciencesSpecial Trustees Award (1969), and an Honorary Life-time Membership in the American Federation of Radioand Television Artists.

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Stafford:2

EXPERIENCE: Stafford, an Air Force Brigadier General, wascommissioned in the United States Air Force upongraduation from Annapolis. Following his flighttraining, he flew fighter interceptor aircraft in theUnited States and Germany and later attended the USAFExperimental Flight Test School at Edwards Air ForceBase, California.

He was Chief of the Performance Branch at the USAFAerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards and respon-sible for the supervision and administration of theFlying curriculum for student test pilots. He wasalso an instructor in flight test training and spe-cialized academic subjects — establishing basic text-books and directing the writing of flight test manualsfor use by the staff and students. He is co-author ofthe Pilot's Handbook for Performance Flight Testing andthe Aerodynamics Handbook for Perl'ormance Flight Test-ing.

He has logged more than 6,200 hours flying time, whichincludes more than 5,100 hours in jet aircraft.

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: General Stafford was selected as anastronaut by NASA in September 1962. He served asbackup pilot for the Gemini 3 flight.

On December 15, 1965, he and command pilot Walter M.Schirra were launched into space on the history-makingGemini 6 mission which performed the first rendezvousin space with the already orbiting Gemini 7 crew.Gemini 6 returned to Earth on December 16, 1965, after25 hours, 51 minutes, and 24 seconds of flight.

Stafford made his second flight as command pilot ofthe Gemini 9 mission. During this 3-day flight whichbegan on June 3, 1966, the crew performed three dif-ferent types of rendezvous with the previously launchedAugmented Target Docking Adapter; and pilot EugeneCernan logged two hours and ten minutes outside thespacecraft in extravehicular activities. The flightended after 72 hours and 20 minutes with a perfectreentry and recovery as Gemini 9 landed within 0.4nautical miles of the designated target point and1.5 miles from the recovery ship USS Wasp. (This isthe closest entry and touchdown of any manned flight.)

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Following Gemini 9, Stafford served as backup commanderfor Apollo 7.

He was spacecraft commander of Apollo 10, May 18-26,1969, the first comprehensive lunar-orbital qualifi-cation and verification flight test of an Apollo lunarmodule. Stafford was accompanied on the flight tothe Moon by John W. Young (command module pilot) andEugene Cernan (lunar module pilot). In accomplishingall mission objectives, Apollo 10 confirmed the opera-tional performance, stability, and reliability of thecommand/service module/lunar module configurationduring translunar coast, lunar orbit insertion, andlunar module separation and descent to within 8nautical miles of the lunar surface. The lattermaneuver employed all but the final minutes of thetechnique prescribed for use in an actual lunar landingand permitted critical evaluations of the lunar modulepropulsion systems and rendezvous and landing radardevices during completion of the first rendezvous andre-docking maneuvers in lunar orbit. In addition todemonstrating that man could navigate safely andaccurately in the Moon's gravitational fields, Apollo10 photographed and mapped tentative landing sitesfor future missions.

In his three space flights, Stafford has completedfive rendezvous and logged 290 hours and 15 minutesin space.

As Chief of the Astronaut Office from August 1969through May 1971, he was responsible for the coordina-tion, scheduling, and control of all activities in-volving NASA astronauts. Gen. Stafford was namedDeputy Director of Flight Crew Operations in June 1971.In this management capacity, he assists in directingthe activities of the Astronaut Office, the AircraftOperations Office, the Flight Crew Integration Division,the Crew Training and Simulation Division, and the CrewProcedures Division.

Gen. Stafford will command the United States flightcrew for the Apollo/Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission.

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NAME: Vance DeVoe-Brand (Mr.)NASA Astronaut

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Longmont, Colorado, May 9, 1931.His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Rudolph W. Brand, reside inLongmont.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; gray eyes; height: 5 feet11 inches; weight: 175 pounds.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Longmont High School, Longmont,Colorado; received a Bachelor of Science degree inBusiness from the University of Colorado in 1953, aBachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineeringfrom the University of Colorado in 1969, and a Master1sdegree in Business Administration from the Universityof California at Los Angeles in 1964.

MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Joan Virginia Weningerof Chicago, Illinois. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph D.Weninger, reside in Chicago.

CHILDREN: Susan N., April 30, 1954; Stephanie, August 6, 1955;Patrick R., March 22, 1953; Kevin S., December 1, 1963.

RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Enjoys running to stay in condition,skin diving, skiing, and canoeing.

ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of Experimental TestPilots, the American Institute of Aeronautics andAstronautics, Sigma Nu, and Beta Gamma Sigma.

SPECIAL HONORS: JSC Certificate of Commendation (1970) andNASA Exceptional Service Medal (1974).

EXPERIENCE: Military. Brand served as a commissioned officerand naval aviator with the U.S. Marine Corps from 1953to 1957. His Marine Corps assignments included a15-month tour in Japan as a jet fighter pilot. Fol-lowing release from active duty, he continued inMarine Corps Reserve and Air National Guard fightersquadrons until 1964J and he still retains a commis-sion in the Air Force Reserve.

Civilian. From I960 to 1966, Brand was employed as acivilian by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Heworked first as a flight test engineer on the P3A"Orion" aircraft and later transferred to the experimentaltest pilot ranks. In 1963, he graduated from the U.S.Naval Test Pilot School and was assigned to Palmdale,California, as an experimental test pilot on Canadian

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and German F-104 development programs. Immediatelyprior to his selection to the astronaut program,Brand was assigned to the West German F-104G FlightTest Center at Istres, France, as an experimentaltest pilot and leader of a Lockheed flight test advisorygroup.

He has logged more than 4,500 hours of flying time,which include more than 3,6?0 hours in jets and 390hours in helicopters.

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Mr. Brand is one of the 19 astronautsselected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a crewmember for the thermal vacuum testing of the prototypecommand module and was an astronaut support crewmanfor the Apollo & and 13 missions. He was the backupcommand module pilot for Apollo 15.

Brand served as backup commander for the Skylab 3 andSkylab 4 missions.

Immediately following fulfillment of his Skylab assign-ments, he commenced training as a prime crewman forthe Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission.

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NAME: Donald K. Slayton (Mr.)Director, Flight Crew Operations

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born March 1, 1924, in Sparta, Wisconsin.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; blue eyes; height: 5 feet10|- inches; weight: 165 pounds.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Sparta High School; received aBachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineeringfrom the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,1949; an Honorary Doctorate in Science from CarthageCollege, Carthage, Illinois, in 1961; and an HonoraryDoctorate in Engineering from Michigan TechnologicalUniversity, Houghton, Michigan, in 1965.

MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Marjory Lunney of LosAngeles, California. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. GeorgeLunney, reside in Los Angeles.

CHILDREN: Kent, April 3, 1957.

RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: His hobbies are hunting, fishing, andshooting.

ORGANIZATIONS: Associate fellow of the Society of ExperimentalTest Pilots (ASETP); fellow of the American AstronauticalSociety; member of the American Institute of Aeronauticsand Astronautics, the Experimental Aircraft Association,the Space Pioneers, and the Confederate Air Force;life member of the Order of Daedalians and the NationalRifle Association of America; and honorary member ofthe American Fighter Aces Association.

SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Distinguished ServiceMedals and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal; theCollier Trophy; the SETP Iven C. Kinchloe Award; theGeneral Billy Mitchell Award; and the SETP J. H. DoolittleAward for 1972.

EXPERIENCE: Slayton entered the Air Force as an aviationcadet and received his wings in April 1943 after com-pleting flight training at Vernon and Waco, Texas.

As a B-25 pilot with the 340th Bombardment Group, heflew 56 combat missions in Europe. He returned to theUnited States in mid-1944 as a B-25 instructor pilotat Columbia, South Carolina, and later served with aunit responsible for checking pilot proficiency in the

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B-26. In April 1945, he was sent to Okinawa with the319th Bombardment Group and flew seven combat missionsover Japan. He served as a B-25 instructor for oneyear following the end of the war and subsequentlyleft the Air Force to enter the University of Minnesota.

He became an aeronautical engineer after graduationand worked for two years with the Boeing AircraftCorporation at Seattle, Washington, before beingrecalled to active duty in 1951 with the MinnesotaAir National Guard.

Upon reporting for duty, he was assigned as maintenanceflight test officer of an F-51 squadron located inMinneapolis, followed by 13 months as a technicalinspector at Headquarters Twelfth Air Force, and asimilar tour as fighter pilot and maintenance officerwith the 3,6th Fighter Day Wing at Bit burg, Germany.

Returning to the United States in June 1955, he attendedthe USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base,California. He was a test pilot there from January1956 until April 1959 and participated in the testingof fighter aircraft built for the United States AirForce and some foreign countries.

He has logged more than 5,000 hours flying time,including 3,000 hours in jet aircraft.

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Mr. Slayton was named as one of theMercury astronauts in April 1959. He was originallyscheduled to pilot the Mercury-Atlas 7 mission butwas relieved of this assignment due to a heart condi-tion which was discovered in August 1959* The MA-7mission was subsequently flown by M. Scott Carpenterin May 1962.

Slayton became Coordinator of Astronaut Activities inSeptember 1962 and was responsible for the operationof the Astronaut Office. In November 1963, he resignedhis commission as an Air Force Major to assume therole of Director of Flight Crew Operations. In thiscapacity, he is responsible for directing the activitiesof the Astronaut Office, the Aircraft Operations Office,the Flight Crew Integration Division, the Crew Trainingand Simulation Division, and the Crew Procedures Division.

In March 1972, following a comprehensive review of hismedical status by NASA's Director for Life Sciencesand the Federal Aviation Agency, Mr. Slayton was restored

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to full flight status and certified eligible for futuremanned space flights.

Slayton was named to the United States flight crew forthe Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. Hewill be making his first journey into space.

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NAME: Alan L. Bean (Captain, USN)NASA Astronaut

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Wheeler, Texas, on March 15,1932. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Arnold H. Bean,reside in his hometown Fort Worth, Texas.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; hazel eyes; height: 5 feet9i- inches; weight: 155 pounds.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Paschal High School in Fort Worth,Texas; received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aero-nautical Engineering from the University of Texas in1955; awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science fromTexas Wesleyan College in 1972.

MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Sue Ragsdale of Dallas,Texas; her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Ragsdale,are residents of that city.

CHILDREN: Clay A., December 18, 1955; Amy Sue, January 21,1963.

RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys being with his two children,and his hobbies include reading, painting, swimming,and diving.

ORGANIZATIONS: Fellow of the American Astrpnautical Society;member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots.

SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded two NASA Distinguished ServiceMedals, the Navy Astronaut Wings and two Navy Dis-tinguished Service Medals, recipient of the RearAdmiral William S. Parsons Award for Scientific andTechnical Progress, the University of Texas DistinguishedAlumnus Award and Distinguished Engineering GraduateAward, the Godfrey L. Cabot Award, the National Academyof Television Arts and Sciences Trustees Award, theTexas Press Associations Man of the Year Award for1969, and the City of Chicago Gold Medal.

EXPERIENCE: Bean, a Navy ROTC student at Texas, was commis-sioned upon graduation in 1955. Upon completing hisflight training, he was assigned to jet AttackSquadron 44 in Jacksonville, Florida. After a four-year tour of duty, he attended the Navy Test PilotSchool at the : Naval Air ..Test .Center, Patuxent River,Maryland. After graduat'ibn he flew as a test pilot alltypes of naval aircraft (jet, propeller, and helicoptermodels). He then attended the School of Aviation Safetyat the University of Southern California and was nextassigned to Attack Squadron 1?2 at Cecil Field, Florida.

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During his career, Captain Bean has flown 27 types ofmilitary aircraft as well as many civilian airplanes.He has logged more than 4,744 hours flying time —including 3,923 hours in jet aircraft.

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Bean was one of the third groupof astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. He servedas backup command pilot for the Gemini 10 mission andas backup lunar module pilot for the Apollo 9 mission.

Captain Bean was lunar module pilot on Apollo 12, man'ssecond lunar landing, November 14-24, 1969. CaptainBean and Captain Conrad brought their lunar module toa safe touchdown in the Moon»s Ocean of Storms —after a flight of some 250,000 miles to within 300feet of their targeted landing point. They exploredthe lunar surface for a distance of about 1 mile anddeployed several lunar surface experiments, installingthe first nuclear power generator station on the Moonto provide the power source. These long-term scien-tific experiments continue in operation today. Conradand Bean then inspected Surveyor III, which had landedon the Moon some 30 months earlier, returning severalparts to Earth. Throughout the lunar surface stay byConrad and Bean, Captain Richard Gordon remained inlunar orbit aboard the command module, photographinglanding sites for future missions and other areas ofscientific interest.

Captain Bean was spacecraft commander of a Sky lab mis-sion (SL-3), July '28 to September 25, 1973. With him inthe 59-day, 24,400,000-mile world record setting flight,were scientist-astronaut Dr. Owen K. Garriott andMarine Corps Lt. Colonel Jack R. Lousma. Mission IIaccomplished 150$ of its pre-mission forecast goals.The crew returned to Earth 77,600 frames of film from6 instruments recording the sun's activities. Theyalso acquired 16,000 photographs and l£ miles of mag-netic tape documenting our Earth*s resources. Thecrew completed 333 medical experiment runs, obtainingthe first data on the effects of weightlessness for59 days.

Captain Bean has logged 1,671 hours and 45 minutes inspace — of which 10 hours and 26 minutes were spentin EVAs on the Moon and in Earth orbit.

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Captain Bean is now in training as backup spacecraftcommander of the United States flight crew for thejoint American-Russian Apollo Soyuz Test Project.

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NAME: Ronald E. Evans (Captain, USN)NASA Astronaut

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born November 10, 1933, in St. Francis,Kansas. His father, Mr. Clarence E. Evans, lives inBird City, Kansas, and his mother, Mrs. Marie A. Evans,resides in Topeka, Kansas.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet11 inches; weight: 160 pounds.

EDUCATION: Graduated from Highland Park High School inTopeka, Kansas; received a Bachelor of Science degreein Electrical Engineering from the University of Kansasin 1956 and a Master of Science degree in AeronauticalEngineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate Schoolin 1964.

MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Jan Pollom of Topeka,Kansas; her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Harry M. Pollom,reside in Sun City, Arizona.

CHILDREN: Jaime D. {daughter), August 21, 1959; Jon P. (son),October 9, 19ol.

RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: Hobbies include hunting, boating,swimming, fishing, and golfing.

ORGANIZATIONS: Member of Tau Beta Pi, Society of Sigma Xi,and Sigma Nu.

SPECIAL HONORS: Presented the NASA Distinguished ServiceMedal (1973), the Johnson Space Center SuperiorAchievement Award (1970); the Navy DistinguishedService Medal (1973), Navy Astronaut Wings, eight AirMedals, the Viet Nam Service Medal, and the Navy Com-mendation Medal with combat distinguishing device(1966); the University of Kansas Distinguished ServiceCitation (1973); Kansan of the Year (1972); and theRepublic of Senegal's National Order of the Lion (1973).

EXPERIENCE: When notified of his selection to the astronautprogram, Evans was on sea duty in the Pacific — assignedto VF-51 and flying F3 aircraft from the carrier USSTiconderoga during a period of seven months in VietNam combat operations.

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He was a Combat Flight Instructor (Fd aircraft) withVF-124 from January 1961 to June 1962 and, prior tothis assignment, participated in two WESTPAC aircraftcarrier cruises while a pilot with VF-142. In June1957, he completed flight training after receiving hiscommission as an Ensign through the Navy ROTC Programat the University of Kansas.

Total flight time accrued during his military careeris 4,400 hours — 4,000 hours in jet aircraft.

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Captain Evans is one of the 19 astronautsselected by NASA in April 1966. He served as a memberof the astronaut support crews for the Apollo 7 and 11flights and as backup command module pilot for Apollo 14.

On his first journey into space, Captain Evans occupiedthe command module pilot seat for Apollo 17 which com-menced at 11:33 p.m. (GST), December 6, 1972, and con-cluded on December 19, 1972 — the last scheduledmanned mission to the Moon for the United States.He was accompanied on this voyage of the command module"America" and the lunar module "Challenger" by EugeneCernan (spacecraft commander) and Harrison H. (Jack)Schmitt (lunar module pilot). While Cernan and Schmittcompleted their explorations of the Taurus-Littrowlanding area down on the lunar surface, Evans main-tained a solo vigil in lunar orbit aboard the "America,"completing assigned work tasks which required visualgeological observations, hand held photography ofspecific targets, and the control of cameras and otherhighly sophisticated scientific equipment carried inthe command module SIM-bay. Evans later completed a1-hour and 6-minute extravehicular activity during thetransearth coast phase of the return flight, success-fully retrieving three camera cassettes and completinga personal inspection of the equipment bay area.This last mission to the moon for the United Statesbroke several records set by previous flights whichinclude: longest manned lunar landing flight (301hours, 51 minutes); longest lunar surface extravehicularactivities (22 hours and 4 minutes); largest lunarsample return (an estimated 115 kg (249 Ibs)); andlongest time in lunar orbit (147 hours, 4# minutes).Apollo 17 ended with a splashdown in the Pacific Oceanapproximately 0.4 mile from the target point and 4.3miles from the prime recovery ship, the USS Ticonderoga.

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Completing his first space flight, Captain Evans haslogged 301 hours and 51 minutes in space — 1 hour and6 minutes of which were spent in extravehicular activity,

Evans is backup command module pilot for the ApolloSoyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission.

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NAME: Jack Robert Lousma (Lieutenant Colonel, USMC)NASA Astronaut

BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born February 29, 1936, in Grand Rapids,Michigan. His father, Mr. Jacob Lousma, resides inJackson, Michigan.

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet;weight: 195 pounds.

EDUCATION: Attended Tappan Junior High School and Ann ArborHigh School in Ann Arbor, Michigan; received a Bachelorof Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from theUniversity of Michigan in 1959 and the degree of Aero-nautical Engineer from the U.S. Naval PostgraduateSchool in 1965; presented an Honorary Doctorate ofAstronautical Science from the University of Michiganin 1973.

MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Gratia Kay Smeltzerof Ann Arbor, Michigan. Her mother, Mrs. ChesterSmeltzer, resides in Bear Lake, Michigan.

CHILDREN: Timothy J., December 22, 1963; Matthew 0., July 14,1966; Mary T., September 22, 1968.

RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He is an avid golfing enthusiastand enjoys hunting and fishing.

ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the Society of the Sigma Xi, theUniversity of Michigan "M" Club, and the Officers1

Christian Fellowship.

SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded the Johnson Space Center Certificateof Commendation (1970) and the NASA Distinguished Ser-vice Medal (1973); presented the Navy DistinguishedService Medal and the Navy Astronaut Wings (1974),the City of .Chicago Gold Medal (1974).

EXPERIENCE: Lousma was assigned as a reconnaissance pilotwith VMCJ-2, 2nd MAW, at Cherry Point, North Carolina,before coming to Houston and the Lyndon B. JohnsonSpace Center.

He has been a Marine Corps Officer since 1959 andreceived his wings in I960 after completing his train-ing at the U,S. Naval Air Training Command. He wasthen assigned to VMA-224, 2nd MAW, as an attack pilotand later served with VMA-224, 1st MAW, at Iwakuni,Japan.

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He has logged 3,000 hours of flight time — 2,300hours in jet aircraft and 200 hours in helicopters.

CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Lt. Colonel Lousma is one of the 19astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He servedas a member of the astronaut support crews for theApollo 9, 10, and 13 missions.

Lousma was pilot for Skylab (SL-3), July 2$ to September25, 1973. With him on this 59i-day flightwere Alan L. Bean (spacecraft commander) and Owen K.Garriott (science-pilot). SL-3 accomplished 150$ ofmany mission goals while completing 858 revolutions ofthe Earth and traveling some 24,400,000 miles in Earthorbit. The crew installed six replacement rate gyrosused for attitude control of the spacecraft and a twinpole sunshade used for thermal control, and repairednine major experiment or operational equipment items.They devoted 305 manhours to extensive solar observa-tions from above the Earth*s atmosphere, which includedviewing two major solar flares and numerous smallerflares and coronal transients. Also acquired andreturned to Earth were 16,000 photographs and 1& milesof magnetic tape documenting Earth resources observa-tions of the 6? regional planning and development sites,34 ocean investigation sites, 59 geological sites,22 continental water resources sites, and 17 coastalzones, shoals, and bays. The crew completed 333medical experiment performances and obtained valuabledata on the effects of extended weightlessness on man.SL-3 ended with a Pacific splashdown and recoveryby the USS New Orleans.

The crew of SL-3 logged 1,427 hours and 9 minuteseach, setting a new world record for a single mission,and Lousma also logged 11 hours and 2 minutes in twoseparate extravehicular activities outside the orbitalworkshop.

Lousma has been designated backup docking module pilotof the United States flight crew for the Apollo SoyuzTest Project (ASTP) mission.

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COSMONAUT BIOGRAPHIES

Aleksey Arkhipovich Leonov is a Lieutenant Colonel in the RedAir Force. He was born May 30, 1934 in Listvayanka, Altay Kray,He attended the Zhukovskiy Military Engineering Academy. Hebecame a cosmonaut in I960. Lt. Col. Leonov was the co-pilot of Voskhod 2 in 1965 and was the first man to performextravehicular activity in space. He is currently slatedto be the pilot for the joint Apollo Soyuz Test Project in1975. Lt. Col. Leonov is married and has one child.

Valeriy Nikolayeyich Kubasov is a civilian. He was born inVlyazniki,central Russia on January 7, 1935. In 1958 hegraduated as mechanical engineer for aircraft building fromthe Moscow Aviation School. Mr. Kubasov received a Masterof Science degree before becoming a cosmonaut in 1967. Hewas the backup technical scientist for Soyuz 5 and flightengineer on Soyuz 6 in 1969. Mr. Kubasov is currently slatedto be flight engineer for the joint Apollo Soyuz Test Projectin 1975. He is married and has one child.

Anatoliy Vasilyevich Filipchenko is a Colonel in the RedAir Force.He was born in Davydovka village, Voronezh region,south of Moscow February 26, 192$. He finished with honorsfrom the Chuguyev Military School and in 1950 he graduatedfrom the Air Force Academy. He became a cosmonaut in 1963.Col. Filipchenko was the backup Command pilot on Soyuz 4 andCommand pilot on Soyuz 7 in 1969. He is currently slated tobe a member of the first backup crew for the joint ApolloSoyuz Test Project in 1975. Col. Filipchenko is marriedand has two children.

Nikolay Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov is a civilian. He wasborn in Tomsk, a city in Siberia on September 1$, 1932. In1951 he joined the Moscow Physics and Engineering Instituteand graduated in 1957. Mr. Rukavishnikov joined the cosmo-naut unit in January 1967. He was the test engineer on Soyuz10 in 1971 and had been slated to be the engineer of theSalyut station. Mr. Rukavishnikov is currently slated to bea member of the first backup crew of the joint Apollo SoyuzTest Project in 1975. He is married and has one child.

Vladimir pzhanibekov is a Major in the Red Air Force. Hewas born in 1942 in the South Kazakhstan region. He graduatedfrom the Higher Air School in 1965 as a pilot-engineer. Hewas enrolled in the Soviet cosmonauts* detachment in 1970, andhas been named, along with Boris Andreyev, as a member of thesecond backup crew for the joint Apollo Soyuz Test Project.

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Boris Andreyev is a civilian. He was born in Moscow in 1940.After graduating from Moscow*s Bauman Higher Technical School,he joined a design bureau in 1965. He has been in the cosmo-nauts* training program since 1970, and was named as a memberof the second backup crew for the planned 1975 joint ApolloSoyuz Test Project. The other member of this crew is to beMajor Vladimir Dzhanibekov.

Yuri Romanenko is a captain in the Red Air Force. He wasborn in1944 in the Orenburg region. In 1966, he graduatedfrom a'higher school as a pilot-engineer. He was enrolledin the cosmonauts* detachment in 1970, and has been named,along with Aleksander Ivanchenko, as a member of the thirdbackup crew for the 1975 Apollo Soyuz Test Project.

Aleksander Ivanchenko is a civilian. He was born in 1940 inthe town or ivanteyevka near Moscow. After graduating fromthe Moscow Aviation Institute, he joined a design bureau in1964. He has been in the cosmonauts* detachment since 1970,and was named as a member of the third backup crew for theplanned 1975 joint Apollo Soyuz Test Project. The othermember of this crew is to be Captain Yuri Romanenko.

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