Relative clauses
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Transcript of Relative clauses
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Relative clauses
Defining relative clauses
The woman who showed the most determination got the job.
We do not put commas at the beginning and end of a defining relative clause.
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Relative clauses
Defining relative clauses
She showed me photos of the gorillas (which/that) she had studied.
She showed me photos of the gorillas which/that lived nearby.
The letter (which/that) you received in September explains our position.
The letter which/that arrived in September explains our position.
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Relative clausesNon-defining relative
clauses
Dian Fossey, who was born in the USA, made a major contribution to the study of primates.
We use a comma before and immediately after the clause.
We cannot omit the relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses.
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Relative pronouns
Which and That
The study that she published last month is remarkable.
Her most recent study, which she’s just published, is her best yet.
Things
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Relative pronouns
Dian, who has specialized in primates, has spent a lot of time in Africa.
who people
whom people if they are the
object of the clause
Professor West, whom I worked with recently, has won the Nobel prize.
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Relative pronouns
She is a scientist whose work is world famous.
The book, whose focus is African primates, is very influential.
whose thing or people and expresses possession or belonging
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Relative pronouns
when time
She described the moment when she first saw a wild gorilla.
where place
She spent many years in Africa, where she observed gorillas in the wild.
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Preposition in relative clauses
That was the story which the film was based on.
That was the story on which the film was based.
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Preposition in relative clauses
That’s the research that/which she received the award for.
That’s the research for which she received he award.
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Preposition in relative clauses
She spoke to a professor that/ who/ whom she is friendly with.
She spoke to a professor with whom she is friendly.