RELATIVE CLAUSES

1st Batxillerat

by Pilar Garcia

USES

We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence.

By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.

“A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?”

“Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?”

RELATIVE PRONOUS WHO / THAT: refer to people

“I told you about the woman who lives next door.” WHICH / THAT: refer to objects or animals

“Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?” WHEN: refers to a moment in time

“the day when we met him” WHERE: refers to a moment in time

“the place where we met him” WHOSE: refers to possession

“Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?”

WHOM: can be used with a preposition before it but it is formal and rather old-fashioned. It is used especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)“I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.”

WHY: refers to a reason. “the reason why we met him”

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? Omission of the

pronoun subject pronoun: the relative pronoun is

followed by a verb. (it cannot be omitted)“the apple which is lying on the table ”

subject object pronoun: the relative pronoun is

not followed by a verb, but by a noun or pronoun. (it can be omitted)“the apple (which) George laid on the table ”

object subject

TYPES

DEFINING

NON-DEFINING

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

They give detailed and essential information for the understanding of the sentence.

They are not put in commas.

“Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?” “A seaman is someone who works on a ship.” “The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice”

Non-defining relative sentences

They give additional information on something, but do not define it.

They are put in commas. You cannot omit the relative pronoun. The relative pronoun “that” cannot be

used.

“Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.”