Electrical, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Automation & Programming, Aluminum Framing
Relationship between electrical and hydraulic properties ...
Transcript of Relationship between electrical and hydraulic properties ...
FKPE7. Workshop
Bohrlochgeophysik und Gesteinsphysik
Geozentrum, Hannover, 23. - 24. Okt. 2003
Relationship between electrical and hydraulic properties of reservoir rocks
DFG SPP 1135: Dynamics of sedimentary basins
Georg Nover, Stephanie Heik am p, M ichael Poelchau, H. D ürrast* , S. Siegesm und*
M ineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut, Bonn
* IGDL, Göttingen Outline Drillings: Schleswig, Fehmarn, Oldenbüttel, Glückstadt, Lingen Petrophysics:
density, porositypressure dependence of the permeability,complex electrical conductivity and its pressure dependencerelation to transport properties
Conclusion & cooperations
Petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks
Dürrast, 1997
Petrophysics: DensityRotliegendes: conglomerate: clay, sandstone, coarse silt
Matrix density Porosity Mineralogical composition
Petrophysics: PorosityFehmarn Z1; Schleswig Z1; Glückstadt T1
0 2 4 6 8 1 0p o r o s i t y
5 0 0 0
4 5 0 0
4 0 0 0
3 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
dep
th
T o n s t e i n S a n d s t e i n T o n s t e i n
K a l k
T o n s t e i n
S a n d s t e i n K o n g l o m e r a t
V u l k a n i t
B r e c c i e
P o r o s i t y v o l %F e h m a r n Z 1
0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2p o r o s i t y v o l %
6 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
dep
th m
A n h y d r i t D o l o m i t
S a n d s t e i n
S a n d s t e i n S a n d s t e i nK o n g l o m e r a tT o n s t e i n T o n s t e i n
V u l k a n i t
T o n s t e i n
T o n s t e i n
G l ü c k s t a d t T 1
P o r o s i t yS c h l e s w i g S Z 1 & G l ü c k s t a d t T 1
1. Archimedian, 2. Volumetric
Petrophysics: Permeability Pressure Dependence; instationary technique
1 autoklav2 sample with fittings and shrink tubing3 confing pressure
s a m p l e d i a m e t e r : 1 0 - 4 5 m m ;
s a m p l e l e n g t h : 1 0 - 6 0 m m c o n f i n i n g p r e s s u r e : u p t o 3 5 0 M P a f l o w m e d i a : g a s ( a r g o n ) ,
f l u i d s ( w a t e r , o i l ) p e r m e a b i l i t y r a n g e : m D - n D ( 1 0 - 1 5 - 1 0 - 2 1 m 2 )
Gas-Fluid Gas-FluidPressureOUTPUT
ConstantPressureINPUT
1
2
3
P
time
P = constP
Petrophysics, results: Pressure Dependence of the Permeability Anisotropy
0 4 0 8 0 1 2 0 1 6 0 2 0 0p r e s s u r e ( M P a )
0 . 0 1
0 . 1
1
1 0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
perm
eabi
lity
( D
)
2 Z2 Y3 Z3 Y2 0 Y2 0 Z3 1 Z3 1 Y3 9 Z3 9 Y3 2 Y1 Z1 Y
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0P r e s s u r e [ M P a ]
1 E - 0 2 2
1 E - 0 2 1
1 E - 0 2 0
1 E - 0 1 9
1 E - 0 1 8
Per
mea
bilit
y k
[m2 ]
4 6 3 8 . 2 7 m a x i a l4 6 3 8 . 3 4 m r a d i a l
F e h m a r n Z 1
Lingen limestone
0 4 0 8 0 1 2 0 1 6 0P r e s s u r e [ M P a ]
1 E - 0 2 3
1 E - 0 2 2
1 E - 0 2 1
1 E - 0 2 0
1 E - 0 1 9
1 E - 0 1 8
1 E - 0 1 7
1 E - 0 1 6
Per
mea
bilit
y k
[m2 ]
4 6 3 8 . 2 7 m a x i a l4 6 3 8 . 3 4 m r a d i a l
4 5 7 3 . 3 m a x i a l4 5 7 3 . 3 7 m r a d i a l
4 2 6 3 . 7 2 m a x i a l4 2 6 3 . 8 m r a d i a l
3 7 3 6 . 6 6 m a x i a l3 7 3 6 . 6 4 m r a d i a l
4 9 9 2 . 3 7 m a x i a l4 9 2 2 . 4 3 m r a d i a l
F e h m a r n Z 1
Anisotropy
Fehmarn
Permeabiliy: Pressure dependence; AnisotropySandstones from a tight gas reservoir, NW Germany
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0
p r e s s u e ( M P a )
0 . 1
1 . 0
1 0 . 0
perm
eabi
lity
(uD
)
4 x4 y4 z8 x8 y8 z
X Y
Petrophysics: Electrical Properties and their relation
Degree of interconnection
Electrolyte,Double layer
Electrolytic charge transport – Model
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -m i n e r a l s u r f a c e
l i t h o l o g y e l e c t r o n i c m o d e l
n e g a t i v e c h a r g e d
" f r e e " m o b i l i t y , u n h i n d e r e d m o v e m e n t
e l e c t r o l y t e
+ ++ / - + / -
+ + + / - + / -+ / -
P o l a r i s a t i o n
c a t i o n s d i p o l s
p o l a r i s a t i o n u n h i n d e r e d m o v e m e n t0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0
Z ` ` ( O h m )
0
2 0 0
4 0 0
6 0 0
8 0 0
1 0 0 0
Z`
(Oh
m)
1 k 1 k
1 F 1 F
Ω Ω
µ m
Complex Electrical Conductivity: 5 Hz – 1 MHzPressure Dependence
0
500
1000
2000
Computer
ACImpedanceAnalyzer
1kHz - 1 MHz
1
34
2
5
6
1 piston
2 autoclave
3 pressure transducer
4 m anom eter
5 sam ple
6 electrical connections
7 Im pedance analyser
Pressure dependence
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0
p r e s s u e ( M P a )
0 . 1
1 . 0
1 0 . 0
perm
eabi
lity
(uD
)
4 x4 y4 z8 x8 y8 z
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0
p r e s s u r e ( M P a )
0 . 0 0 0 1
0 . 0 0 1 0
0 . 0 1 0 0
cond
ucti
vity
(S/
m)
4 x4 y4 z8 x8 y8 z
Permeability Volume conductivity
Crossplot: Porosity -- Volume conductivityAnisotropy
0 . 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 0
p o r o s i t y ( % )
0 . 0 0 1
0 . 0 1 0
0 . 1 0 0
cond
ucti
vity
(S/
m) 4 x
4 y4 z8 x8 y8 z3 x3 y3 z2 8 4 x2 8 4 y2 8 4 z
1 1 0 1 0 0
p o r o s i t y ( % )
1 0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
form
atio
nfa
ctor
F
m a r b l es a n d s t o n e
s a n d s t o n e
m a r b l e
Anisotropy of electrical conductivity
Crossplot: Pressure dependencePermeability -- Volume conductivity
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
f o r m a t i o n f a c t o r
0
1
1 0pe
rmea
bilit
y (u
D)
4 x ( - 0 . 7 )4 y ( - 1 . 0 3 )4 z ( - 1 . 0 1 )8 x ( - 4 . 4 1 )8 y ( - 4 . 9 4 )8 z ( - 1 0 . 3 )
Complex response: Measured data – Model
8 x
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0
p r e s s u r e ( M P a )
4 0
8 0
1 2 0
1 6 0
2 0 0
resi
stiv
ity
(Ωm
)
8 x
0 4 0 8 0 1 2 0 1 6 0Z ' ( Ω m )
- 8 0
- 6 0
- 4 0
- 2 0
0
Z''
(Ωm
)
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0
p r e s s u r e ( M P a )
0
1
1 0
1 0 0
8 xR 1R 2C 2 ( * e - 6 )R 3C 3 ( * e - 4 )
Interpretation:RC-equivalent circuit(2 relaxation model) (R1||C1)_(R2||C2) bulk conductivity surface conductivity Relaxation time (time constant of polarisation)
Frequency 1 kHz
1 MHz
Crossplot: pressure dependence of the relaxation time
1 1 0 1 0 0
p r e s s u r e ( M P a )
0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 . 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
rela
xati
on
4 x4 y4 z8 x8 y8 z
Petrophysics: AC-Impedance, Results
Pressure
Conclusion & Cooperations
RWTH, Aachen: Petrophysics, permeability, porosity, Data BaseUni Münster: Electrical conductivity, correlation lab-borehole dataGFZ: BET surface, porosityBGR: Carbon enhanced conductivityUni Göttingen: Correlation of lab data: Vp, Vs, permeability, el. Cond.
ConclusionElectrical rock properties depend on: petrophysical parameters, porosity, permeability, aspect ratio Fabric, texture, grain size distribution, metamorphic overprint Anisotropy of layering Degree of interconnection of the pores But,the correlation between electrical and hydraulic properties still requires further experiments.