Philippine Military

a. Brief Overview and History

During Spanish colonization, this dragged on to almost three centuries made the Filipinos

restless. They were soon clamoring for reforms and an end to oppressive friar rule. In 1896

Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan, revolutionary society founded by anti-

Spanish Filipinos, to prepare his band of freedom loving Filipinos for revolt. The Katipunan

formed the core of the revolutionary Philippine Army.

According to Philippine Army website “almost a year after the outbreak of hostilities between

the Katipuneros and the Spanish troops, the Philippine Revolutionary Government and its Army

were born on March 22, 1897 at Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon in Cavite. General Artemio

Ricarte was named Captain General of Ejercito en la Republica de las Islas Filipinas or the

revolutionary Philippine Army. This date marks the founding day of modern day Philippine

Army.”

 The military ably addresses its primordial mandate as protector of the people and the state; and

continues to contribute in nation-building particularly in infrastructure development, crisis

management, social and humanitarian services and environmental protection.

      The AFP works hand in hand with the Philippine National Police (PNP) and other law

enforcement agencies in all efforts to put an end to crimes and other nefarious activities.

i. Pre-Spanish Era

On 27 April 1521, The Battle of Mactan was fought in the Philippines, prior to Spanish

colonization, according to the historical accounts; it is the earliest recorded blah blah. The native

chieftain of Mactan Island, Lapu-Lapu and his warriors defeated Spanish forces under the

command of Ferdinand Magellan who was killed in battle.

Magellan deployed 49 armored men, less than half his crew, with crossbows and guns,

but could not anchor near land because the island is surrounded by shallow coral bottoms and

thus unsuitable for the Spanish galleons to get close to shore. His crew had to wade through the

surf to make a landing and the ship was too far to support them with artillery. Antonio Pigafetta,

a supernumerary on the voyage who later returned to Seville, Spain, records that Lapu-Lapu had

at least 1500 warriors in the battle. During the battle, Magellan was wounded in the leg, while

still in the surf. As the crew were fleeing to the boats, Pigafetta recorded that Magellan covered

their retreat, turning at them on several occasions to make sure they were getting away, and was

finally surrounded by a multitude of warriors and killed. The total toll was of eight crewmen

killed on Magellan's side against an unknown number of casualties from the Mactan natives.

ii. Spanish Era

During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, there were several revolts against

of the Spanish colonial government by indigenous Moro, Lumad, Indians, Chinese and Insulares,

often with the goal of re-establishing the rights and powers that had traditionally belonged

to Lumad Timawa, Maginoo Rajah, Moro Datus, Chinese settler traders and even

foreign Criollo Settlers. Most of these revolts failed because the majority of the local population

sided up with the Spanish colonial government and fought with the Spanish as foot soldiers to

put down the revolts. Its also worthy to mention that in Mindanao and Sulu, a continuous revolt

was sustained by the Bangsamoro for whole duration of Spanish rule (300 years).

iii. American Era

An armed conflict between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries was the Philippine-

American War. (1899-1902)

After its defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898, Spain ceded its longstanding

colony of the Philippines to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. On February 4, 1899, just

two days before the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, fighting broke out between American forces

and Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo who sought independence rather than a change

in colonial rulers. The ensuing Philippine-American War lasted three years and resulted in the

death of over 4,200 American and over 20,000 Filipino combatants. As many as 200,000 Filipino

civilians died from violence, famine, and disease.

  To pre-empt American designs on the Philippines, Aguinaldo declared independence from

Spain and raised the Philippine flag on June 12, 1898, at Kawit, Cavite; then he proceeded to

organize his revolutionary government (by Decree of June 23, 1898), while pressing on the

Spaniards in Manila to surrender to the Filipino revolutionaries. He also sent his men to organize

resistance throughout Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

      As Professor Bernardita Reyes Churchill noted, “Thus, while the Filipino revolutionaries

practically succeeded in ending Spanish rule in the Philippines, they had to contend with the

American occupation forces who were   determined to take over positions in Manila and

elsewhere in the archipelago, including Spanish positions that had fallen into the hands of the

revolutionary forces. American expeditionary forces arrived in Manila beginning in June and

July 1898. Manila was surrendered to the American forces by the Spaniards on August 13, 1898,

after a token "battle" (a day after the Protocol of Peace of Peace was signed between Spain and

the United States). The Treaty of Paris was concluded between Spain and the United States on

December 10, 1898 (without Filipino representation). And on December 21, 1898, President

William McKinley issued his "Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation", which declared that US

would assume control and disposition of the government of the Philippines and instructed

American military commanders to extend American sovereignty over the entire country, this

before the Treaty of Paris was ratified by the US, which it did on February 6, 1899, two days

after the outbreak of hostilities between the Filipino revolutionaries and the American military

forces.”

b. National Defense Act of1935

i. Overview

 On December 21, 1935 The National Defense Act of 1935 (Commonwealth Act No. 1)

was passed by the Philippine National Assembly. The purpose of this act was to create an

independent Philippine Army, this was interrupted by World War II.

According to the Philippine Government, “It is an act to provide for the national defense

of the Philippines, penalizing certain violations thereof, appropriating funds thereof, and for

other purposes.”

ii. Provisions

This act provided for the creation, by 1946, via an annual appropriation of 16,000,000 pesos, of

the following forces:

A regular army force of 10,000 troops (formed largely from the Philippine Scouts and

the Philippine Constabulary)

A reserve army of 400,000

The Offshore Patrol, which was to possess 36 torpedo boats

A Philippine Army Air Corps of 100 tactical bombers

c. Branches of the Philippine Military

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)is composed of the Philippine

Army, Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force. The AFP is a volunteer force. In 2012 a senior

AFP officer reported its manpower strength to be 125,000, of which 85,000 were in the Army

and the rest in the Navy and Air Force.  In 2012, the AFP Chief of Staff said that there had been

no increase in the number of soldiers over a long period, and that the military aims to hire 20,000

troops in three-years.

Philippine Army

Philippine Army is responsible for ground warfare. It is the main branch of the Armed Forces of

the Philippines (AFP). Commanding-General, then Major General, now Lieutenant General

Hernando Delfin Carmelo Arreza Iriberri of the Philippine Military Academy "Matikas" Class of

1983, assumed office on 7 February 2014, replacing now retired Lieutenant General Noel A.

Coballes of the PMA Class 1980.

With the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth on 15 November 1935, President

Manuel Luis Quezon sought the services of General Douglas McArthur to evolve a national

defense plan. Accordingly, Commonwealth Act No. 1, popularly known as National Defense Act

enacted into law, which paved the way to the birth of new Philippine Army which was only to be

under the coat of the US army. With annual appropriation of 16 million pesos, it trained new

Filipino members in defending the nation and protecting its people.

True to its slogan, “At your service, across the land” the Philippine Army, therefore, is not only

the protector of the Filipino people but also a partner in nation building.

i. Philippine Navy

The naval warfare service branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine Navy,

one of the uniformed services of the republic of the Philippines, It has an estimated of 24,000

active personnel and operates 101 ships in active service.

Based on the 2007 Integrity Development review of the AFP-Philippine Navy by the EC-OMB

Corruption prevention Project, the Mission of Philippine Navy “To organize, train, equip,

maintain, develop and deploy forces for prompt and sustained the naval and maritime operations

in support of the unified commands in the accomplishment of the AFP mission.”

Its powers and functions are as follows:

"To organize, train, equip, maintain and operate naval forces and naval aircraft including

naval reserve units, necessary to provide water-borne support and assistance required by the

Armed Forces of the Philippines in the accomplishment of its mission"

"To assist the proper governmental agencies in the enforcement of laws and regulations

pertaining to navigation, immigration, customs revenue, opium, quarantine, fishing and

neutrality in the territorial and contiguous waters of the Philippine Archipelago"

"To develop, in coordination with the other major services and area commands the doctrines,

procedures, and naval equipment for joint operations, and the doctrines and procedures for

amphibious operations"

ii. Philippine Air Force

The Philippine Air Force (PAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines (AFP) and one of the three uniformed services of the Philippines. Initially a part of

the Philippine Army (PA), the PAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on July 1,

1947 under Executive Order No. 94. The PAF has the size of 17,000 active personnel which

operates its bases and all the aircraft in its inventory.

The forerunners of the Philippine Air Force were the Philippine Militia, otherwise known as

Philippine National Guard (PNG). Senate President Manuel L. Quezon enacted a bill on March

17, 1917 for the creation of the Philippine Militia, the bill was known as Militia Act 2715. It was

enacted in anticipation that there would be an outbreak of hostilities between United

States andGermany.[1]

By the end of the First World War, the US Army and Navy began selling aircraft and equipment

to the Philippine Militia Commission. The Commission then hired the services of the Curtiss

School of Aviation to provide flight training to 33 students at a local base in Parañaque.

PAF P-51 Mustang

PAF P-51 Mustang

F-86D of the Philippine Air Force

The early aviation unit was however, still lacking knowledge and equipment to be considered as

an air force and was then limited only to air transport duties. On January 2, 1935, Philippine

Military Aviation was activated when the 10th Congress passed Commonwealth Act 1494 that

provided for the organization of the Philippine Constabulary Air Corps (PCAC). PCAC was

renamed as the Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC) on 1936. It started with only three planes on

its inventory. On 1941, PAAC has a total of 54 aircraft ranging from pursuit (fighters) light

bombers, reconnaissance aircraft, light transport and trainers.[1]They later engaged the Japanese

on their invasion of the Philippines in 1941-42, and was reformed in 1945 after the country's

liberation.

The PAF became a separate military service on July 1, 1947, when President Manuel

Roxas issued Executive Order No. 94. This order created the Philippine Naval Patrol and the Air

Force as equal branches of the Philippine Army and the Philippine Constabulary under the now

Armed Forces of the Philippines[2] becoming Southeast Asia's third air force as a result.

The main aircraft type in the earlier era of the PAF was the P-51 Mustang, flown from 1947 to

1959. Ground attack missions were flown against various insurgent groups, with aircraft hit by

ground fire but none shot down. In the 1950s the Mustang was used by the Blue Diamonds

aerobatic display team.[3] These would be replaced by the jet-powered North American F-86

Sabres in the late 1950s, assisted by Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star and Beechcraft T-34

Mentor trainers.

The PAF saw its first international action in the Congo under the UN peacekeeping mission in

1960.

d. Army Reservists

The Major Support Command of the Philippine Army, the Army Reserve Command. It

was created for the sole purpose of Reserve Force management, procurement, and organisation.

The Republic Act 7077, “"AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT,

ADMINISTRATION, ORGANIZATION, TRAINING, MAINTENANCE AND

UTILIZATION OF THE CITIZEN ARMED FORCE OF THE ARMED FORCES OF

THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"

 In 1896, the camp where ARESCOM  is presently stationed at Tanza, Cavite was named after

Gen Mariano  Riego de Dios, who was among the first reservists to respond to the nation's call to

arms during  the American-Spanish War. In 1960, the camp become the AFP's food production

center until 1976 when it was turn over to the National Irrigation Administration (NIA). In 1994,

the 4th Regional Command (RESCOM) PA occupied  the camp when  Headquarters moved fro

Fort Bonifacio to Camp Riego de Dios.

    ARESCOM has a long and colorful history dating back in the early days. But the

first recorded organized utilization of the citizen's army was when the Spanish colonizers under

Magellan were repelled by Lapu-lapu with his citizens’ army in 1521. In 1935, the National

Defense   Act was enacted mandating all able-bodied Filipino citizens to protect the country.

In 1977, the provisional Reserve Command was activated pursuant to GO nr 250 HPA dated 01

September 1977.

     As an offshoot of the EDSA Revolution when the AFP was re-organized, the provisional

RESCOM was de-activated. In 1991 marked the  re-birth of the Citizens Armed Forces through

the  enactment of RA 7077 known as the National Reservist Act. On 01 July 1992, pursuant to

GO Nr 392 HPA dated 12 May 1992, the Reserve Command was re-activated as an approach to

the enhancement of national security and development. It was also renamed as the present Army

Reserve Command in 01 October 1999 pursuant to GO Nr 1300, HPA and was given the mission

to develop, organize, train, equip and administer competent, mobilizeable reserve force as an

integral  component  of the total army in defense  of the state and to   participate in socio-

economic development.

e. Threats to the Philippines

In 2007, The Jamestown Foundation, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, reported that

the AFP is one of the weakest military forces in Southeast Asia, saying that as the country's

primary security threats are land-based—separatist, communist insurgent and terrorist groups—

the army has received priority funding, and that the operational effectiveness of the Philippine

Navy (PN) and Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) has suffered accordingly, leaving the country's sea

lanes largely unprotected. In 2008, The Irrawaddy reported a statement by General Alexander B.

Yano, then Chief of Staff of the AFP, that the Philippine military cannot fully defend the country

from external threats due to a lack of weapons and a preoccupation with crushing the long-

running communist and Muslim insurgencies. Yano went on to say that a more ambitious

modernization of the ill-equipped navy and air force to better guard the country from external

threats will have to wait, saying, "To be very frank with you, our capability as far as these

aspects are concerned is a little deficient," and "We cannot really defend all these areas because

of a lack of equipment."

Corruption within the higher ranks is believed to be one of the main reasons why

modernization of the armed forces has remained stagnant for decades.

As reported by The Philippine Star in an op-ed piece, the Commission on Audit said in its

2010 audit report for the Philippine Air Force (PAF) that with only 31 aging airplanes and 54

helicopters, the PAF "virtually has a non-existent air deterrent capability" and is "ill equipped to

be operationally responsive to national security and development."

Since 1951, a Mutual Defense Treaty has been in effect between the Republic of the

Philippines and the United States.

The country is highly prone to transnational crimes and territorial disputes, environmental

degradation, and disasters and crises, and there is a lack of cooperation to resolve these issues.

Transnational crimes include international terrorism, drug trafficking, piracy, small arms

trafficking, and human trafficking. Environmental degradation consists of hazardous waste and

chemical spills and marine resource exploitation and pollution. Major disasters and crises include

typhoons and floods.

The Philippines faces major technical and geospatial challenges in handling threats to

maritime surveillance operations and external defense. Having the eighth longest coastline

(33,000 km) in the world, the country is subject to highly porous borders and coastlines, which

place constraints are posed on the acquisition of long-range radar systems, which require

multilateral assistance due to limited defense funds. Additionally, the production, development,

procurement and servicing of satellite technology is deemed as prohibitively expensive.

f. Future of the Philippine Military

The foundation of the security of the nation lies in the determination of the people to

defend themselves and their capability to meet the challenges of the future. The maintenance and

operation of a reliable and efficient self defense capability is the concrete expression of a

country’s desire to maintain national security and address crisis situations. It is along this line

that the Armed Forces of the Philippines seek a reliable self-defense capability necessary for the

protection of our national interest and complementary to regional security, stability and harmony.

The modernization of Armed Forces program is one way to secure the future of national

defense; it is the country’s response to current changes in the strategic environment, the primary

consideration of national defense, and the military’s role in national development. The program

covers 15-year period, is not only limited to the upgrading of equipment. It has five components:

(1) force restructuring and organizational development; (2) capability, material, and technology

development; (3) bases and support development; and (5) doctrines development.

The AFP will configure its force structure to and streamline its forces to meet external

defense needs of the country. Ground forces will be downgraded to devote more resources to the

Philippine Navy and the Philippine Air Force. The current number of the Army will be reduced

by 30 percent to establish regular and self-reliant ‘citizen armed force.’

Secondly, the acquisition of appropriate technology and upgrading of weapons will be

given importance it deserves. With the high cost of military hardware and equipment, existing

ones will just be upgraded, and fighter aircraft and ships either leased or purchased.

Thirdly, bases and support systems will either be relocated or enhanced as required by our

national defense strategy. Defense facilities, therefore will assume a duality of roles or purposes

– military and civilian.

B. Military Training Program

a. Brief Overview

President Manuel L. Quezon issued Executive Order No. 207 in 1939 in order to implement

the National Defense Act of 1935, otherwise known as Commonwealth Act No. 1, the

embodiment of the national defense plan formulated by General Douglas MacArthur for the

Philippine Commonwealth. This executive order made ROTC obligatory at all colleges and

universities with a total enrollment of 100 students and greater. This measure was made in order

to help fill out the reserve force requirement of 400,000 men by 1946 and especially for junior

reserve officers.

i. Military Education

Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) in the Philippines is one of three optional components

of the National Service Training Program, the civic education and defense preparedness program

for Filipino college students. ROTC aims to provide military education and training for students

to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. Its specific objectives include preparation of

college students for service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of

an emergency and their training to become reservists and potential commissioned officers of the

AFP.

Graduates of the ROTC advance program serve in all branches of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines. In 2008, ROTC graduates of the officer candidate schools of the various services

constituted roughly 75% of the AFP officer corps. The ROTC grants qualified student-cadets

scholarship benefits through a merit-based incentive program in return for an obligation of

military service in the reserve force, or active duty in the AFP if given the opportunity, after

graduation.

ROTC student-cadets attend college like other students, but also receive basic military training

and officer training from the branch of service that handles their school's ROTC unit. The

students participate in regular ROTC instruction during the school year (one school year for

Basic ROTC student-cadets and three school years for Advance ROTC cadet-officers), and

extended training activities during the summer, such as the ROTC Summer Camp Training

(RSCT).

ROTC units in colleges and universities are organized through the Department of Military

Science and Tactics (DMST) which is under joint supervision by the school administration and

the Department of National Defense. These ROTC units are in turn managed by active duty

officers of the AFP and the reservist organization representatives of the major services,

the Philippine Army Reserve Command of the Philippine Army, the Philippine Navy Reserve

Command of the Philippine Navy and the Philippine Air Force Reserve Command of

the Philippine Air Force.

ii. Military Training

b. Training Program

i. Planning Process

ii. Implementation

The training program implemented first and foremost by The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps,

or ROTC, is a component of the National Service Training Program (NSTP), under R.A. 9163.

ROTC provides military training to tertiary level students in order to “motivate, train, organize

and mobilize for national defense preparedness.”

iii. Trends/Approaches in Training Program

Trends and approaches on the planning program vary in every country but have something in

common; the fundamentals and basics on training program are of primary importance which

intends to establish and improve the capabilities of military personnel in all aspects in their

respective roles.

JOURNAL OF DEFENCE STUDIES Revamping the Military Training System

Summer 2008 Volume:  2 Issue: 1

According to Andrew Marshall, former director of the Office of Net Assessments under

the US Secretary of Defense, “a revolution in military affairs (RMA) is a major change in the

nature of warfare brought about by the innovative application of new technologies which,

combined with dramatic changes in the military doctrine and operational and organizational

concepts, fundamentally alters the character and conduct of military operations.” RMA has three

main constituents, namely, doctrine, technology and tactics.

The foremost global trend transforming the security framework is the dramatic growth in

information technology (IT) and the RMA it has created.  India has been acknowledged as a

major IT base in the world, with a large work force possessing the necessary skills. It also has

reasonably well developed civil programs in satellite, telecommunications, space and nuclear

technology. Besides advanced indigenous technologies being available to the armed forces, a

major modernization program is underway, wherein state-of-the-art technologies are being

acquired from abroad, especially after the Kargil conflict. Thus technology is not a limiting

factor in the Indian context any more.

The other two components of RMA – doctrine and tactics – are within the capabilities of the

armed forces for making significant changes as determined. To fully exploit the potential of new

systems, operational concepts incorporating and integrating the new technologies must be

developed into coherent doctrines.

This article assesses the impact of the ongoing RMA and suggests policy changes in the conduct

of training in the armed forces.

It is laid out as follows:

a. RMA and conduct of warfare.

b. Drivers for change in the training system in the armed forces.

c. Recommended changes.

RMA is already bringing about profound changes in the conduct of warfare. The salient aspects

are summarized below:

a. As the means of observation and surveillance improve, time available for orientation,

decision making and action reduces. The battle space, however, has expanded

enormously. The use of outer space will have a major effect on the conduct of warfare in

the coming years.

b. The use of new precision weapons and command and control systems has added a force

multiplier effect, unknown earlier, to the combat potential. Individual combat platforms

are being linked into a network and will all be equipped with increasing amounts of

electronic information equipment. The transportation and logistics systems will also be

transformed to be more responsive to the sustainment needs of the forces due to better

exploitation of the IT.

c. In coming years soldiers will still carry conventional rifles and hand grenades, but they

will also use small, light-weight, multi-media electronic information equipment.

Situational awareness of information-intensified soldiers will improve immensely.

d. Information Warfare will be the most complex type of warfare in the 21st century, and it

will decide who will win and who will lose the wars. Digitization of the existing

equipment by retrofitting or inserting new technology will improve the command,

control, communications, computers, and intelligence systems.

e. Media has already impacted the conduct of military operations worldwide in a profound

manner and its intrusive role is likely to increase further. In the coming years the military

will be forced to have its own facilities to feed the electronic media channels.

f. The human factor will be more prominent in high-technology warfare.7 Making the most

of the combat effectiveness of high-technology weapons and application of correct

strategy and tactics will depend on the caliber of military personnel. Warfare in general

will not only become more of a mental than a physical contest in which the technology

content is high, but this will also be the case in limited warfare and even in soldier-to-

soldier combat. This means that the education and technical skills of military personnel in

the future information society will have to be higher than at present.

g. The services need to be integrated institutionally, organizationally, intellectually and

technically to fight future wars, which will increasingly require the armed forces to fight

jointly.

Drivers for Change in Training System

Strategic Security Environment

Short Notice Deployment

Skills for Joint Operations

Increased Responsibility of Junior Leaders and Individual Soldiers

Technological Challenge

Changed Socio-Economic Values

Enhanced Importance of Specialization and Continuity

Recommended Changes in the Training System

Appraisal of the Present Training System and Policy Objectives

Enlargement of Scope of Joint Exercises and War-games

Enlarging Role of Integrated Defence Staff

Warfare is changing, perhaps more rapidly and fundamentally today than at any point in history.

To take advantage of the ongoing RMA, India will need to reform the way it plans, thinks,

procures, trains, and fights. Technology alone does not constitute RMA; it requires synergy with

organization and doctrine. This can be achieved by training, innovation and adaptation.

Attaining the full benefits of RMA will remain a challenge in the present environment. RMA

will impact profoundly on training requirements of the armed forces. It is imperative that the

armed forces commence re-structuring of the training base and methodologies so as to be ready

to acquit themselves creditably in the next war.

Enhanced Training for a 21st-Century Military

A convergence of new technologies and advanced learning techniques will help the military

meet its growing training requirements, despite budget constraints

by Booz Allen Hamilton (2011)

Military Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) training is poised for a transformational

shift that will significantly improve training effectiveness while reducing its costs. This shift is

driven by a combination of new technologies and emerging trends in learning, including the

widespread use of social media, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), cloud computing, data

analytics, and ever increasing improvements in gaming and simulation technologies. These

converging forces will enable greater use of integrated LVC solutions in training exercises,

greater flexibility in adapting systems to new threats and requirements, and an increased ability

to tailor training programs to the specific needs of military personnel wherever they are

stationed. Many of these technologies and learning trends are familiar to people in the military

training community, who have already begun incorporating elements into

training programs and systems. But with the services facing constrained budgets, rising costs for

live training, and increased demands for training resources at home stations, the need for more

efficient and effective training is growing urgent. This paper examines how the services can

capitalize on the new technologies and learning environment to strengthen LVC training and

meet their training requirements.

The US military services have at their disposal a wide range of highly sophisticated

training Technologies to enhance training effectiveness and efficiency, including new gaming

technology, virtual worlds, learning management systems, continual evolution of virtual trainers,

better instrumented ranges, and more capable constructive simulation. The challenge is

leveraging these capabilities to create the best possible training and testing environment for

geographically dispersed forces.

The services can achieve this goal by embracing the new approaches to learning now

emerging in the military and, simultaneously, aggressively adopting digital technologies that

provide greater flexibility and scalability in training systems. Solutions such as SOA, cloud

computing, and data analytics will enable the services to create flexible LVC solutions that can

be updated with new information and capabilities to support dynamic, interactive learning. These

converging forces provide a foundation for transforming LVC training and achieving the training

efficiencies needed for the 21st-century military.

Parkour : Tactical

By Parkour Generations

 tactical@parkourgenerations.com

Parkour: Tactical™ is a range of services utilising the functional movement skills and methods

of parkour to improve, assist and inform various tactical operations and training. Created with

extensive input from military and security personnel combined with knowledge drawn from

the most experienced parkour practitioners in the world, Parkour: Tactical™ offers three

principal services:

Security Testing for Facilities

Urban Terrain Navigation Training

Infiltration and Exfiltration Training

Security Testing for Facilities

A facility is only as secure as its physical barriers are impenetrable. Whether it be looking

to keep people in or prevent people from gaining access, security measures are often inadequate

for the task and do not take into account the physical capabilities of individuals committed to

either escaping or gaining access.

Actual, physical testing (often known as 'penetration-testing') is done to measure the

security of facilities of all kinds, testing buildings from every possible point of access and angle

of approach, which produces an analysis of the tactical strengths and weaknesses of a structure.

 

Tactical Movement Skills: Urban Terrain Navigation

Urban terrain navigation training can be of enormous benefit to:

Civil and Military Police Organisations

Military Groups

Fire-fighting Organisations

Rapid Response Units

Ambulance and Medical Staff

Other Emergency Services

Improving these skills can enable professionals to:

mobilize and deploy efficiently within any terrain

access critical areas or positions

operate effective pursuits

escape and evade pursuit

withdraw from high-risk areas with confidence and speed

overcome any physical obstacle impeding the progress of the operation 

Infiltration and Exfiltration Training

Understanding the physical tactical potential of any group of individuals, within any

industry, is dependent firstly upon knowing the physical abilities, movement skills and fitness

levels of those individuals. How fast can they move? What terrain can they handle while fully

equipped for the task at hand? What targets can they access and in what timeframe? How

covertly can they reach these targets?

Parkour Tactical™ training allows for any professional group or individual to understand

their true capabilities and then to progress those capabilities to improve infiltration and

exfiltration skills that can be applied to a broad range of environments. A devised programme of

movement training to fit the unique needs of any group or situation, taking into account factors

such as physical fitness levels, clothing/uniforms and essential equipment is implemented in this

training.

There are also steps developed to a level of functional strength and fitness to apply these

skills effectively and over a long period of time, as required.

c. Military Training Program in the Philippines

d. Military Training Program in Other Countries