Unit #1: Political Ideology & Behaviors Part 1: Demographics and Political Identity.
Related Issue 1 Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? To...
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Transcript of Related Issue 1 Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity? To...
Key Issue: To what extent should we
embrace an ideology?Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity?
To what extent are ideology and
identity interrelated?
To what extent are individualism/collectivism and identity interrelated?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
Personal Identity is the idea that you have of yourself as a unique individual.
Collective Identity is one that you share with a group of people as a member of a large social group such as a linguistic, faith, cultural, or ethic group.
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
What is Identity?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
Shaped by our beliefs and values – it’s what we value as important
Influenced by:
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
What is Identity?
Media
Government
Religion
Language
Culture
Personal experience
Group experience
Beliefs
Values
Family
Gender
Relationship to land / environ.
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
Take 15 minutes to look over the handout concerning values and beliefs.
Read the sources and respond to the questions below.
Factors that influence beliefs and values
Express one’s point of view as well as a collective’s perspective
They impact your identity It’s important to recognize beliefs and values
are not universal truths ◦ Just because one believes something, doesn’t
make it necessarily right (Apartheid in South Africa)
We need to be able to negotiate with the beliefs and values of others (especially in a democracy) – acceptance of others
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
Beliefs & values…
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
A set of principles / ideas to explain our world and our place in it
Helps us answer questions What are humans like?
(human nature – good, evil, neutral) Why do humans act the way they do?
(act based on beliefs and values) What is our role as individuals in society?
(act individually or collectively; expectations placed on citizens is determined by their country’s ideology)
What is the nature of society? (more individualist or collectivist)
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?What is an ideology?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
IDEOLOGY
a set of principles or ideas that explains your world and your place within it, which is based on certain assumptions about human nature and society and provides an interpretation of the past, an explanation of the present and a vision for the future.
Characteristics of an ideology The answers an ideology provides to these
questions form the characteristics of that ideology. Each ideology have these characteristics:
1. The nature of human nature: beliefs about how and why people act. Are they good or bad? Do they look out for the whole or just themselves?
2. The structure of society: Social, economic, political structures
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
What is an ideology?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
Characteristics of an Ideology
3. Interpretations of history: The events of our past tend to influence the beliefs and values that we hold
4. Visions of the future: Visions of how the world should be in the future, which will guide the actions of the people who embrace the ideology.
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
What is an ideology?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
Please complete the Ideology In History worksheet. Please hand in at the front of the class!
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
What is an ideology?
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
Themes of Ideologies
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
What is an ideology?
Nation
Class
Race
Environment and
Relationship to land
Gender
Religion
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)
Blueprint for a society – how should we live together, what is expected of us
Ideologies lead people to make judgments◦ Certain actions on issues are correct (either with
us or against us)◦ Certain actions on issues are incorrect (terrorists
vs. freedom fighters)
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)
Ideologies determine our behaviour and actions
◦ Radical, reactionary, moderate
◦ Communist, utopian socialist, social democrat, liberalist, conservative, fascist
◦ Acceptance of authority versus rights to dissent
◦ Spectrums on acceptance / rejection of …
Change, use of violence, protection of individual rights, protection of collective rights
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)
Ideology is not static!
◦ Beliefs change over time
◦ Impacted/influenced by other ideologies Immigrants challenge cultural uniformity Challenges to racism
To what extent are ideology and identity interrelated?
We embrace ideologies that match our beliefs / values
Once an ideology is accepted, people may examine and re-interpret their own life according to the ideology
Our ideology impacts our actions, choices, perspective on the world, and how we relate to others
How does ideology impact identity?
1.5 examine the characteristics of ideology (interpretations of history, beliefs about human nature,beliefs about the structure of society, visions for the future)
Please take 30 minutes to complete the ANALYZING ONES IDENTITY worksheet, and please hand in after you have completed it.
Analyzing ones identity
1.3 explore factors that may influence individual and collective beliefs and values (culture, language,media, relationship to land, environment, gender, religion, spirituality, ideology)
To what extent are individualism andcollectivism foundations of ideologies?
Exploring Individualism:1. The Roots of Individualism in History2. Individualism can be:
1. Political2. Economic 3. Social
Related Issue 1: To what extent should ideology be the foundation of identity?
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
The Emergence of Individualism in Society
The Renaissance
Medieval Society The
Enlightenment• Very little individualism
• Society was under feudalism
• Religion had a lot of control over society
• Important development: the Magna Carta
500 - 1300 1300s - 1600 1600s – 1700s
The Renaissance
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
The Emergence of Individualism in Society
The Renaissance
Medieval Society
The Enlightenment
500 - 1300 1300s - 1600 1600s – 1700s
• There is a renewed interest in the individual
• But, people did not possess rights or freedoms. Some enjoyed privileges
The Renaissance
• There is a renewed interest in the individual
• But, most people did not possess rights or freedoms.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
The Emergence of Individualism in Society
The Renaissance
Medieval Society The
Enlightenment
500 - 1300 1300s - 1600 1600s – 1700s
• Europe undergoes significant change
• First scientists, then philosophers, explore the idea of “natural law”
• This is the Age of Reason
The Renaissance
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
LIBERALISM emerges in the 1700’s
Liberalism is an ideology based on the importance of individual liberty.
◦ The American Revolution (1776) & the French Revolution (1789) are fought for the liberal ideas of individual rights and freedoms.
A liberal democracy guarantees the rights and freedoms of its citizens.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
Political Liberalism all members of society should enjoy the
same rights and freedoms. Participation in government (democracy) is
one important right. Rights and freedoms should be guaranteed
by law.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
Economic Liberalism
Individuals should have the right to property, and government should not interfere in the economy (the market).
The individual decisions of buyers and sellers should shape the economy, not the actions of government.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
Social Liberalism All members of society are equals and
should be treated as such, regardless of individual differences.
All people should have the same access to society’s rights, freedoms, and quality of life.
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
Private Property Rule of Law Individual rights and Freedom Competition Economic Freedom Self Interest
Principles of Individualism
1.7 analyze individualism as a foundation of ideology (principles of liberalism: individual rights andfreedoms, self-interest, competition, economic freedom, rule of law, private property)
Exploring Collectivism
To what extent are individualism andcollectivism foundations of ideologies?
• The principles of collectivism are the foundation of ideologies such as communism and socialism.
• Most liberal democracies today have incorporated aspects of collectivism into their political, economic, and social systems
1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collectiveresponsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,public property)
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism
27
The Principles of Collectivism
Public PropertyResponsibility (collective) Interests (collective)Norms (adherence to the collective)Co operationEconomic Equality
1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collectiveresponsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,public property)
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism
28
Economic Equality may mean… People with larger incomes should pay
more taxes All people should earn equal wages for
work of similar nature A Guaranteed annual income (GAI) All people should share in the wealth of the
country People should own the means of production
collectively Everything should be free - no private
property 1.8 analyze collectivism as a foundation of ideology (principles of collectivism: collectiveresponsibility, collective interest, cooperation, economic equality, adherence to collective norms,public property)
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism
29
Progressive Taxation In Canada we have tried to bring about
more economic equality (redistribute the wealth) by introducing Progressive Taxation.
Progressive Taxation means that people who earn more money are taxed at a higher rate.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
30
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of
individualism and collectivism
Karl Marx believed in “abolition of private property” in his Communist Manifesto that argued that workers should profit from their own labour. Thus, in a communist state, all industries are controlled by the state for the common good.
Liberal democratic countries such as Canada also may have public property - such as National parks, schools, roads, libraries, Crown land and Crown corporations.
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism
31
Via Rail, CBC, and Canada Post, are examples of Crown Corporations maintained with public money raised through taxation.
Crown Corporations in Canada
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
Chapter 2 – Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism
32
Social Programs and Public Services
Canada is a good example of a society in which individualist and collectivist values are used side by side.
While we have individual rights and freedoms, the rule of law and economic freedom, we also benefit from a wide variety of social programs and public services provided by our government, such as health care, employment insurance, welfare, and public education.
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
When speaking of individualism and collectivism, people sometimes try to suggest that the two viewpoints are incompatible.
While there are times that they are at odds, there are often aspects that compliment each other.
Sometimes individualism and collectivism work together for the common good of society.
Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism
1.4 examine historic and contemporary expressions of individualism and collectivism
Americans are well known for their emphasis on the principle of individualism
Even so, the majority of North Americans believe that government should provide help to those who need it, and idea that is essentially collectivist
Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism
Attitudes about Individualism and Collectivism in N. America
Unite
d St
ates
Canad
a62%
63%
64%
65%
66%
believe people deter-mine their own success in life
Europe
United States
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
believe the government should sup-ply a 'safety net'
Social capital is the strength of social relationships between individuals
Some researchers have claimed that increased individualism in a society leads to an increased sense of commitment to the collective
Indications lead us to believe that individualism and collectivism are not opposing concepts
Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism
Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism: Entrepreneurialism-people pursue success
individually but successful businesses do things beneficial to the collective like provide jobs or do positive things
Social Programs- A country like Canada can be individualistic but also has social programs (health care, welfare, etc) that provide for all
NGOs- these are created with specific goals in mind to benefit the community but are also privately created and funded
Read the other examples on pages 90-95.
Balancing Individual Needs With the Public/Common Good
Smoking Ban, Cell Phone Ban, Curfews, Etc.
In groups of 3-4, using the examples above, write a statement in which you respond to the following:
How does our society balance the needs of individuals with those of the public good?
For each of the issues, be sure to include a list of:
Societies needs
Individuals needs
A balanced response
Political & Economic Spectrums and Ideologies
What is a political and/or economic spectrum?
A political (economic) spectrum is a way of modeling different political (economic) positions by placing them upon one or more
geometric axes symbolizing independent political (economic) dimensions
What might these spectrums include? Examples?PoliticalRight WingLeft Wing
CommunismSocialismFascism
DictatorshipsConservatism
Liberalism
EconomicCentrally Planned
Laissez FaireFree MarketCommandCapitalism
CollectivismIndividualism
Lets take a look…
Take a Spectrum Test
Or This Short One