Relaonship,between,Leg,Length, Discrepancy,and,Degenerave ...llrs.org/PDFs/Specialty Day...

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Rela%onship between Leg Length Discrepancy and Degenera%ve Spine, Hip and Knee Disease Raymond W. Liu, M.D. Jonathan J. Streit, M.D. Jeremy D. Shaw, M.D. Daniel R. Cooperman, M.D. Case Western Reserve University

Transcript of Relaonship,between,Leg,Length, Discrepancy,and,Degenerave ...llrs.org/PDFs/Specialty Day...

Page 1: Relaonship,between,Leg,Length, Discrepancy,and,Degenerave ...llrs.org/PDFs/Specialty Day Presentations/Dr. Raymond W LIU_ Leg L… · discrepancy,up,to,2cm, – Gurney,etal,(JBJSUA,2001):,2cm,or,higher,LLD,

Rela%onship  between  Leg  Length  Discrepancy  and  Degenera%ve  Spine,  Hip  and  Knee  Disease  

Raymond  W.  Liu,  M.D.  Jonathan  J.  Streit,  M.D.  Jeremy  D.  Shaw,  M.D.  

Daniel  R.  Cooperman,  M.D.  Case  Western  Reserve  University  

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Disclosure  

•  Orthopediatrics:  Royal%es  paid  to  my  ins%tu%on  – Direct  research  costs  – Medical  students  to  mee%ngs  

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Introduc%on  •  What  amount  of  LLD  is  benign?  – Gross  (Orthopedics  1978):  Pa%ents  with  <2cm  LLD  did  not  report  clinical  issues  

– Goel  et  al  (Am  J  Orthop  1997):  Gait  analysis  showed  no  significant  side-­‐to-­‐side  differences  with  discrepancy  up  to  2cm  

– Gurney  et  al  (JBJS-­‐A  2001):  2cm  or  higher  LLD  increased  oxygen  consump%on  

– White  et  al  (CORR  2004):  LLD  1-­‐3cm,  shorter  limb  sustained  greater  propor%on  of  load  

– Mahar  et  al  (Arch  Phys  Med  Rehabil  1985)  Postural  sway  increase  with  discrepancy  as  low  as  1cm  

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Methods  

•  Hamann  Todd  Osteological  Collec%on  •  600  (689)  cadaveric  skeletons  •  Ages  40-­‐79  years  •  83  female,  517  male  •  187  black,  411  white  •  Exclusions  – Obvious  periar%cular  trauma  – Obvious  metabolic  disease  –  Incomplete  skeletons  

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Methods  

•  Leg  length  discrepancy  – Femoral  length:  superior  aspect  of  femoral  head  to  femoral  condyles  

– Tibial  length:  medial  %bial  plateau  to  medial  %bial  plafond  

– Foot  height  not  included  

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Methods  

•  Grading  of  degenera%ve  disease  – Spine:  Grades  0  to  4  – Acetabulum,  Proximal  Femur,  Distal  Femur,  Proximal  Tibia:  Grades  0  to  3  •  Grouped  into  hip  and  knee  joints  •  Grouped  into  long  and  short  limbs  

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Spine  Grading  

0   4  3  2  1  

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Acetabulum  Grading  

0   3  2  1  

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Proximal  Femur  Grading  

0   3  2  1  

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Distal  Femur  Grading  

0   3  2  1  

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Proximal  Tibia  Grading  

0   3  2  1  

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Results  

•  Kappa  Inter-­‐relator  reliability:  20  specimens    – Spine:  0.59  – Acet:  0.40  – Prox  Fem:  0.22  – Dist  Fem:  0.38  – Prox  Tib:  0.23  

Landis  and  Koch  (Biometrics  1977)  <0.00      Poor  0.00-­‐0.20    Slight  0.21-­‐0.40    Fair  0.41-­‐0.60    Moderate  0.61-­‐0.80    Substan%al  0.81-­‐1.00    Almost  Perfect  

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Results  

•  Average  age:  56  ±  10  years  •  Average  LLD:  5.0  ±  4.2  mm  – Range  0  to  28.6  mm  – 61  specimens                            between  10  and                                        20  mm  

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Results  

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Results  

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Results  

•  Mul%ple  regression  analysis  – Analyzed  by  short  and  long  limbs  – Standardized  Beta  Age:  0.459  to  0.543  (significant)  – Standardized  Beta  LLD:  -­‐0.020  to  0.001  •  Nonstandardized  Beta  confidence  intervals  from  -­‐0.045  to  0.026  •  No  significance  

– Males  higher  risk  for  spine  arthri%s  – African  Americans  at  higher  risk  for  knee  arthri%s  

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Results  

•  89  addi%onal  specimens  with  LLD  >1cm  – Screened  from  875  addi%onal  specimens  – S%ll  no  correla%on  between  LLD  and  degenera%ve  joint  disease  

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Valid  and  Powered?  

•  Validity  of  methodology  –  Strong  correla%on  with  age  –  Reliability  tests    

•  Power  of  study  –  Sensi%ve  enough  to  detect  effects  of  gender  and  race  –  Sta%s%cal  confidence  intervals  

•  Highest  unstandardized  beta  was  0.026  for  long  knee  •  Corresponding  unstandardized  beta  for  age  was  0.082  •  2cm  LLD  would  equate  to  6  years  (drops  to  5  years  when  adding  89  new  specimens)  

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Conclusions  

•  A  pure  LLD  of  up  to  2  cm  does  not  appear  to  have  any  associa%on  with  degenera%ve  disease  of  the  spine,  hips  and  knees  

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Thank  You