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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVAFederation of European
Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
www.rehva.eu
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Thursday 17 March 201113.30 – 14.00 Registration
14.00: Welcome
Prof Michael Schmidt, president-elect of REHVA, University of Stuttgart
Energy boundaries and scientific definition of nZEB based on the results of REHVA Task
Dr Jarek Kurnitski, SITRA
Indoor air quality and climate considerations in nZEB
Risto Kosonen, Halton Group
News from the European Commission
Olli Seppänen, REHVA
15.30-15.45 Coffee break
Half year experience from Net Zero Energy Office Building
Ansgar Thiemann, Daikin Europe
Heating and cooling business challenges in nZEBs
Ilari Aho, Uponor
Energy efficient ventilation with heat recovery
Timo Schreck, Enventus
Certified products are needed for Net Zero Energy Buildings
Erick Melquiond, Eurovent Certification
17.00 Cocktail
REHVA SeminarHVAC in zero energy buildings
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVA Members
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVA Supporters
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVA Annual ConferenceTowards Net Zero Energy Buildings
and Building Labelling
May 19 – 20 in Tallinn, EstoniaThe Conference will be covering topics as:
•Legislation and EU policy of energy efficiency and nearly zero energy buildings
•Role of technical solution in nearly net zero energy buildings
•Building labeling
www.ekvy.ee/rehvaam2011
What is REHVA?• Federation of European Heating and Air-Conditioning Associations
• Representation of about 30 European countries
• Representation of more than 100,000 building services engineers
Federation of European Heating and Air-conditioning Associations
What is REHVA?• REHVA is the leading professional organization in Europe, dedicated to the
improvement of health, comfort and energy efficiency in all buildings and communities. It encourages the development and application of both energy conservation and renewable energy sources.
• In these areas, REHVA has a significant impact on National and International strategic planning and research initiatives, as well as on the associated educational and training programmes.
Federation of European Heating and Air-conditioning Associations
What is REHVA?• Connecting European professionals, members – associations - supporters
• Organization of technical seminars and workshops
• Organization of international congresses on HVAC
REHVA Annual Conference 2011May 18 – 21, 2011Tallinn, Estonia“Towards Net Zero Energy Buildings”
• Publications, guidebooks – journal – news-letter
Federation of European Heating and Air-conditioning Associations
What is REHVA?• REHVA contact information
www.rehva.eu
REHVA, Rue Washington 40, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
T ++32 2 514 11 71F ++32 2 512 90 62
Federation of European Heating and Air-conditioning Associations
What is REHVA?• German member in REHVA is:
VDI-Fachbereich Technische Gebäudeausrüstung mit ca. 9000 persönlichen Mitgliedern
www.vdi.de/[email protected]
VDI-Gesellschaft Bauen und Gebäudetechnik, Fachbereich TGA
VDI-Platz 1, 40468 Duesseldorf
T ++49 2 11 62 14 577
Federation of European Heating and Air-conditioning Associations
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVA Task Force “Nearly Zero Energy Buildings” nZEB
Energy boundaries and scientific definition of nZEB based on the results
of REHVA Task Force
Jarek Kurnitski, Francis Allard, Derrick Braham, Guillaume Goeders, Per Heiselberg, Lennart Jagemar, Risto Kosonen, Jean Lebrun, Livio Mazzarella, Jorma Railio, Olli Seppänen, Michael Schmidt, Maija Virta
REHVA Seminar March 17, 2011, HVAC in zero energy buildings
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Towards nZEB:• Roadmap of some
countries towards nearly zero energy buildings to improve energy performance of new buildings
• Many countries have prepared long term roadmaps with detailed targets
• Helps industry to prepare/commit to the targets
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
• EPBD recast requires nearly zero energy buildings, but does not give minimum or maximum harmonized requirements
• It will be up to the Member States to define what nZEB for them exactly constitute
• In the definition local conditions can be obviously taken into account, but the uniform methodology can be used in all Member States
REHVA nZEB Task Force:• Proposes a technical definition for nearly zero energy buildings • Provides energy calculation framework and system boundaries
associated with the definition to specify which energy flows in which way are taken into account in the energy performance assessment
• The intention of the Task Force is to help the experts in the Member States in defining the nearly zero energy buildings in a uniform way
Why nZEB definition is needed?
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
EPBD recast – major changesArticle 9 Nearly zero energy buildings
- By 31 Dec 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero energy buildings- After 31 Dec 2018, public authorities that occupy and own a new building
shall ensure that the building is a nearly zero energy building
Articles 4 & 5 Setting of energy performance requirements- Setting of minimum energy performance requirements based on calculation
of cost-optimal levels with the methodology referred to in Article 3. - The calculation of cost-optimal levels shall be performed in accordance with
the methodology developed by the Commission (so called comparative methodology Annex III)
- Primary energy target values have to be set in kWh/m2
- The Commission shall establish by 30 June 2011 a comparative methodology framework
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2010%3A153%3ASM%3AEN%3AHTMLThe laws and regulations shall be adopted and published in Member States by 9 July 2012.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
EPBD recast – Nearly zero energy buildings
• In the directive ‘nearly zero-energy building’ means a building that has a very high energy performance. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby.
• Since the Commission does not give minimum or maximum harmonized requirements, it will be up to the Member States to define what for them exactly constitutes a "very high energy performance“
© Sitra 2010
Net zero energy buildings in practice
What nZEB means in practice?• Energy demand/delivered energy use is reduced as much as reasonable
achievable (insulation, heat recovery, heat pumps etc.)• On site renewable energy production, most commonly solar PV and thermal,
district heat from renewables and renewable fuels also accounted• Annual balance of delivered and exported primary energy = 0• Typically a grid connected building exporting energy in summer, using
delivered energy in winter
17.3.2011Jarek Kurnitski
Luukku house: Finnish net plus energy building in Solar Decathlon 2010 competition in Madrid
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
To define nZEB it was needed
In order to propose a general definition, it was needed to clarify:• which energy flows shall be included – ALL• the use of primary energy factors for primary energy indicator • system boundary definition with inclusion of active solar and wind• the technical meaning of “nearby” in EPBD recast so that it may mean
existing district heating or cooling network or any other technical system serving a group of buildings
• Energy performance definition of EPBD recast was followed so that appliances (households and outlets) were included, i.e. all energy used in buildings would be accounted.
• For the system boundary definition, a general form modified from the one of EN 15603:2008 is proposed.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVA Task Force “Nearly Zero Energy Buildings” nZEB proposed definitionsnet zero energy building (nZEB)energy use of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy
NOTE 1 A nZEB is typically a grid connected building with very high energy performance. nZEBbalances its primary energy use so that the primary energy feed-in to the grid or other energy network equals to the primary energy delivered to nZEB from energy networks. Annual balance of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy use typically leads to the situation where significant amount of the on-site energy generation will be exchanged with the grid. Therefore a nZEB produces energy when conditions are suitable, and uses delivered energy during rest of the time.
nearly net zero energy building (nnZEB)national cost optimal energy use of > 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy
NOTE 1 The Commission shall establish by 30 June 2011 a comparative methodology framework for calculation of cost-optimal levels (EPBD recast).
nZEB has exact performance level of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy use
nnZEB depends on national conditions
© Sitra 2010
Cost optimal performance levels
17.3.2011Jarek Kurnitski
Source: The Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE): http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4399528/BPIE/BPIE_costoptimality_publication2010.pdf
© Sitra 2010
Example of cost optimal calculation, electrically heated house, according to Finnish code req. 2010 (Ala Hasan, REHVA Journal, Dec 2010)
17.3.2011Jarek Kurnitski
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
REHVA TF nZEB – system boundary
DELIVERED ENERGY
EXPORTED ENERGY( )∑ −=
iiiidel fEEE exp,,
System boundary for nearly net zero energy building definition, connecting a building to energy networks. Net delivered energy is delivered Edel,i minus exported energy Eexp,i accounted separately for each energy carrier i. Primary energy E is calculated with primary energy factors fi (simplified equation with the same factors for delivered and exported energy carriers)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Primary energy: total or non-renewable?Many countries have adopted in their regulations PRIMARY ENERGY and NON-RENEWABLE primary energy factors (e.g. 1.1 for oil and 0.2 for wood)
EPBD recast defines primary energy as: ”energy from renewable and non-renewable sources which has not undergone any conversion or transformation process”
⇒ TOTAL primary energy and TOTAL primary energy factors shall be used according to EPBD (meaning that there is no difference between bio or fossil fuel and the factor always exceeds unity)
Another detail are primary energy factors for delivered and exported energy carriers, which may or may not be equal, depending on national definition, i.e. both equations can be used:
or ( ) ( )∑∑ −=i
iii
idelidel fEfEE exp,exp,,,( )∑ −=i
iiidel fEEE exp,,
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
ENERGY NEEDHeatingCoolingVentilationDHWLightingAppliances
System boundary of net delivered energy
Net d
eliv
ered
ene
rgy
(ele
ctric
ity, d
istri
ct h
eat,
dist
rict c
oolin
g, fu
els)
System boundary of delivered energy
heating energy
cooling energy
electricity for lightingfuels
BUILDING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Energy use and production
System losses and conversions
electricity
cooling energy
On site renewable energy w/o fuels
district heat
district cooling
electricity
heating energy
Solar and internal heat gains/loads
Heat exchange through the building envelope
NET ENERGY NEED
DELIVERED ENERGY
EXPORTED ENERGY
(renewable and non-renewable)
electricity for appliances
nZEB – detailed system boundary
Energy boundary of net delivered energy. The box of “Energy need” refers to rooms in a building and both system boundary lines may be interpreted as the building site boundary.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Example – Low energy house
Low energy detached house
Net energy needs:• 48.0 kWh/(m2 a) net energy need for heating (including ventilation and DHW)• 10.7 kWh/(m2 a) net energy need for cooling• 7.0 kWh/(m2 a) electricity for lighting • 16.0 kWh/(m2 a) electricity for appliances
• solar thermal provides 14.0 kWh/(m2 a) domestic hot water• the rest of heating need is supplied with ground source heat pump
system, which has the seasonal performance factor of 3.2.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Example – Low energy house
ENERGY NEEDHeatingCoolingVentilationDHWLightingAppliances
System boundary of delivered energy
48.0 kWh/(m2 a) heating energy
10.7 kWh/(m2 a) cooling energy
7.0 kWh/(m2 a) electricity for lighting
BUILDING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
14.0 kWh/(m2 a) on site solar thermal
Electricity 40.4 kWh/(m2 a)
Solar and internal heat gains/loads
Heat exchange through the building envelope
NET ENERGY NEED
DELIVERED ENERGY
Ground source heat pump34.0/3.2=10.6 kWh/(m2 a)
Free cooling 10.7/6=1.8 kWh/(m2 a)
Lighting 7.0 kWh/(m2 a)
Fans 5.0 kWh/(m2 a)
Appliances 16.0 kWh/(m2 a)
Primary energy: 40.4*2.5 = 101 kWh/(m2 a)
16.0 kWh/(m2 a) electricity for appliances
• On site thermal energy 14.0 kWh/(m2 a) is reduced from the net energy need of 48.0 kWh/(m2 a). Heat pump produces 34.0 kWh/(m2 a) thermal energy with electrical energy input of 10.6 kWh/(m2 a).
• There is no exported energy. Primary energy is 101 kWh/(m2 a)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Example – nnZEB Office building
• a gas boiler for heating with seasonal efficiency of 90%• free cooling from boreholes (about 1/3 of the need) is used and the
rest is covered with mechanical cooling• for borehole cooling, seasonal energy efficiency ratio of 10 is used
and for mechanical cooling 3.5• Ventilation system with specific fan power of 1.2 kW/(m3/s) will use
5.6 kWh/(m2 a) fan energy.
• a solar PV system providing 15.0 kWh/(m2 a), from which 6.0 is utilized in the building and 9.0 is exported to the grid.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
System boundary of delivered energy
3.8 heating
11.9 cooling
10.0 lighting
BUILDING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
15.0 PV electricity,from which 6.0 used in the building and 9.0 exported
Fuel 4.2
Electricity 33.8
Solar and internal heat gains/loads
Heat exchange through the building envelope
NET ENERGY NEED (47.2 kWh/(m2 a))
DELIVERED ENERGYBoiler3.8/0.9 = 4.2
Free cooling 4.0/10 = 0.4 Compressor cooling 7.9/3.5 = 2.3
Lighting 10.0
Ventilation 5.6 Appliances 21.5
Primary energy: 4.2*1.0 + (33.8-9.0)*2.5 = 66 kWh/(m2 a)
EXPORTED ENERGY
System boundary of net delivered energy
Net
del
iver
ed e
nerg
y
Electricity 9.0
21.5 appliances
(Sum of electricity 39.8)
21,5
10
3,2
0,61,1
10,8
NET ENERGY NEED (47.2 kWh/(m2 a))Appliances (users')Lighting
Space heatingHeating of air in AHUCooling in room unitsCooling of air in AHU
Example – nnZEB Office building
• Electricity use of cooling, ventilation, lighting and appliances is 39.8 kWh/(m2 a)• Solar electricity of 15.0 kWh/(m2 a) reduces the net delivered electricity to 24.8 kWh/(m2 a)• Net delivered fuel energy (caloric value of delivered natural gas) is 4.2 kWh/(m2 a) and primary
energy is 66 kWh/(m2 a)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
ConclusionsGeneral definition format is proposed to clarify the exact technical meaning of EPBD recast requirements in order to support national implementation
It is proposed to the Member States to use the system boundary shown in Figure 4 and primary energy definition given by Equation 1 in defining the performance levels of nearly net zero energy buildings. (refers to REHVA J)
Net zero energy requirement has exact performance level of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy use. The performance level of “nearly” net zero energy use depends on national conditions. The following definitions were proposed:net zero energy building (nZEB)energy use of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energynearly net zero energy building (nnZEB)national cost optimal energy use of > 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy
The proposal is to be published in REHVA Journal 2011/3 May issue.
IAQ in ZEB
Indoor Air Quality and Climate Consideration in Zero Energy
Buildings
REHVA seminarMarch 17, 2011
HVAC in zero energy buildings
Dr. Risto Kosonen
Halton Group
IAQ in ZEB
• The construction sector covers 7% of total employment and 28% of industrial employment in the EU
• 50% of all materials extracted from the earth’s crust are transformed into construction materials and products
• Buildings consume 40% of all energy
70-85% of buildings that will exist in 2030, exist today.
IAQ in ZEB
Requirements towards more energy efficient buildings
EBPD demands Member States to fix and implement:
• A methodology to calculate and rate the energy performance
• Minimum energy performance requirements (nZEB) for new and for major renovation
• Energy performance certificates
• Regular inspections of heating and air-conditioning systems
Ecodesign Directive main legal instrument to improve the environmental performance of energy-related products
IAQ in ZEB
Environment friendly
Wellbeing and health of people
Life time cost effective
Sustainable Indoor Environment
IAQ in ZEB
Healthy and Satisfied Persons
• Clean air to breath.• Thermal balance is a result of a various environmental conditions. • Comfort sensation depends on the individual: the metabolism, the activity
level of body and the clothing resistance.• Light is the most important factor influencing our daily rhythm. • Disturbing sound environments cause irritation • Discomfort increases stress hormone level, breaks and sick leaves and
reducing productivity.
In comfortable environmenthuman brains work more
effectively.
IAQ in ZEB
IndoorEnvironment
Quality
5 10 15 200
Indoor Environment and Wellbeing Debt
Systematic managementof indoor environment
Refurbishment debt
Wellbeing debt
• Wellbeing debt grows slowly• After refurbishment it disappears slowly
Years
IAQ in ZEB
The percentage of the dissatisfied onthermal comfort, air quality and acoustic privacy
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Case buildings (29)
Diss
atisf
ied
(%)
Thermal comfort Indoor Air Quality Acoustic Privacy
IAQ in ZEB
Dissatisfaction in Office Environment(thermal comfort of the whole body)
< 6% (A-class, pr EN15251)
> 30 % (real projects)
Is project designed poorly ?Is building built wrongly ?
Is maintenance poor ?Are spaces used wrongly ?
IAQ in ZEB
What should we do as an industry?
IAQ in ZEB
Sustainability
1. Conservation of energy, water and materials2. Sustainable sites and transportation
3. Outdoor atmosphere4. Indoor environmental quality
5. Waste
Source: LEEDTM (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standard of US Green Building Council
IAQ in ZEB
Sustainable Living Environment
ENVIRONMENT
Use of energy
and other
resources
WELLBEING:
Healthy,
productive,
comfortable
indoor
environment
vs
IAQ in ZEB
Aspects of implementation andimpacts of EPBD in member states:The meaning of Ventilation
• Underestimation the meaning of ventilation in energy consumption• Ignorance of possible productivity effect of indoor air quality• Health effects of indoor air quality is not really realized
Healthy, productive, comfortable indoor environment should be the main focus: buildings are for people
IAQ in ZEB
Delivered and Primary Energy Consumption
Heating of ventilation
10 %
Cooling7 %
Fan energy11 %
Pumps0 %
Lighting38 %
Equipment28 %
Heating of spaces
6 %
Fan energy12 %
Pumps0 %
Lighting41 %
Equipment31 %
Heating of spaces
3 %
Heating of ventilation
5 %
Cooling8 %
Total
Delivered energy 77.7 kWh/m2,a
HVAC + lights: 48.9 kWh/m2,a
Primary energy 175.4 kWh/m2,a(Primary energy factors: Gas 1 , Electricity 2.5)
HVAC + lights: 125.9 kWh/m2,a
IAQ in ZEB
Improvement in Primary Energy Efficiency: Focus should be on Building Services
Cooling
Fan energy
Pumps
Lighting
Heating of ventilationHeating of spaces
The role of the insulation
IAQ in ZEB
”Use technologies that enablethe use of sustainable low energy cooling:
- displacement ventilation- chilled ceilings- chilled beams”
Source: Sustainable low energy cooling: an overviewCIBSE Knowledge Series, 2005
IAQ in ZEB
Demand Controlled Ventilation Saves Energy
”Considerable amounts of energy can be wasted on ventilation of empty offices”
”Reduced energy costs in demand controlled ventilation (DCV) alone will cover an investment of about 300 € in Norway or 700 €
in Denmark per cellular office.”
Source: Demand controlled ventilation for office cubicles – can it be profitable?Mysen et.al., Energy and Buildings, 2002
IAQ in ZEB
Every year, indoor air pollution is responsible for the death of 1.6 million people - that's one death
every 20 seconds.
Source: WHO fact sheet n:o 292, Indoor Air Pollution and Health, 2005www.euro.who.int
IAQ in ZEB
Loss of statistical life expectancy in the EU in 2000 (PM 2,5)
Source: Impact assesment of the thematic strategy on air polution and the directive on ”ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe”, EN Summary paper, 2005
IAQ in ZEB
1 100
360
290
84
130 52 73 29
Outdoor air
Water systems, dampness and mould
Heating and combustion
Building site (radon from soil)
Furnishing, interior materialsand electric appliances
Ventilation and conditioningCleaning and other household
Building materials
ETS excluded!
Source of indoor air contaminants in EU-27
IAQ in ZEB
Effect of Ventilation System
”In more recently built buildings with advanced filtered mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems, the infiltration of outdoor air fine particles (PM2,5) is significantly lower than in old buildings with natural
ventilation via open windows and vents.”
Source: Hänninen, et.al, Reduction Potential of Urban PM2,5 Mortality Risk Using Modern VentilationSystems in Buildings, Indoor Air 2005
IAQ in ZEB
Indoor Climate and Productivity
•”A minor 1 % (5 min/day) increase in office work can off-set the annual cost of ventilating the building.”•”Doubling the outdoor air supply rate can reduce sick leave prevalence by 10 %, and increase office work by 1,5%.”
Source: Wargocki, Seppänen: Indoor Climate and productivity in Offices, Rehva guidebook n:o 6, 2006.
IAQ in ZEB
•Well insulated and tight buildings with good solar shading.
•Mechanical air intake with good outdoor air filtering.
•Demand based ventilation.
•Right temperature, high air quality, low velocities and noise in the space.
•Low energy cooling and heating technologies and renewable energy.
•Individual control of indoor environment.
Sustainable Indoor Environment
IAQ in ZEB
Buildings are built for people to live and work comfortably, effectively and safely - not only to save energy and environment!
IAQ in ZEB
“You cannot fight against the future, time is on our side.”
A thought to finish
William Ewart Gladstone
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Energy news from the European Commission
Olli Seppänen, professorSecretary General
REHVAFederation of European
Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
www.rehva.eu
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Two important policy plans adopted last week by the European Council
• A roadmap for moving to a low carbon economy by 2050– Upto 90% reduction of GHC emissions in building
sector
• Energy efficiency action plan– Buildings one of the major target areas
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
A roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050
Adopted on March 8 th, 2011http://ec.europa.eu/clima/documentation/roadmap
EU GHG emissions towards an 80% domestic reduction (100% =1990)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Energy efficiency action plan 2011Adopted March 8 th by the Council
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/action_plan
• Background: EU will achieve only half of 20-20-20 targets by 2020 if it continues current policy and actions
• Some new actions:• Exemplary role of the public sector• Accelerate the refurbishment rate of the building stock• Public authorities should be required to refurbish at least 3% of their
buildings each year• Energy efficiency criteria to be included in public procurement• Improve the energy performance of appliances• Improve the efficiency of power and heat generation• More smart grids and smart meters
• http://ec europa eu/energy/efficiency/action plan
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Important energy related directives in the European CommissionBuilding performance – EPBD – 2002, Recast 2010
Improvement of energy performance of buildings
End use efficiency and energy services -ESDMember States to save at least an additional 1% of their final energy consumption each year for the 9 years- second set of intermediate reports due in June 2011
Energy using products – EuP 2005 Energy related product ErP 2009
Aim at protecting the environment and securing energy supply
Renewable energies – April 2009Increase the use of renewables up to 20%, bio fuels up to 10%
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
EPBD recast - 2010
• More demanding than EPBD 2002 version
• Not so stringent, but more realistic than the proposal by the Parliament in 2009
• Published in July 2010 – time for national legislation only 2 years
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Major changes in EPBD (1)• Reference to CEN standards• National cost optimised solutions
– Guidelines under preparation
• Primary energy target values have to be set in kWh/m²• The 1000 m² limit removed from articles dealing with
renovation of existing and new building RES etc. • Regulations for new buildings to apply in major
renovations with some limitations
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Major changes in EPBD (2)• Specific regulations requested also for technical
systems – existing compulsory, new buildings optional
• All new buildings have to be “nearly zero energy buildings” in 2020, public sector in 2018
– REHVA assists in uniforming the definitions
• Measures needed to overcome market barriers are requested
• Stronger and more meaningful position for energy certificates
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Major changes in EPBD (3)• From boiler inspections to heating system
inspections• In A/C inspections more emphasis is put on
reducing cooling loads– REHVA Guide under preparation
• Independent controls system for all national inspections
• RES and ErP directives to be taken in account in EPBD regulations
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Methodology to calculate cost-optimal level of energy performance regulations
• MS and stakeholders workshop on March 16th (20 + 60 participants)
• Guidelines for MS – to be published in July 2011
• Implementation in MS by 2013• Net present value method based on EN
15459
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Items discussed in WS March 16th
• Definition and use of the reference buildings (new, exsiting, building types etc.)
• Whose cost optimal? (private/societal)• Estimated escalation rate of energy (oil, gas,
coal on EU level, rest on natoinal level)• Expected economic lifecycle (30 years?)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Directive on the promotion of the use of energy fromrenewable sources (Adopted in April 2009)
• electricity, heating, cooling and transport• a 20% target for the overall share of
energy from renewable sources and• a 10% target for renewable energy in
transport
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Renewable sources defined as• Active solar• Hydro• Biomass (boilers or
co-generation) with min fuel efficiency >0.8
• Wind• Geothermal• Heat sources of heat
pumps – COP > 2.88 (air, water, ground)
Not included in renewable energies to avoid double counting:• Improvements in
energy efficiency• Passive solar
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Increasing the share of renewable energies from 2005 to 2020
Latvia 32.6% 40%Finland 28.5% 38%Denmark 17.0% 30% Estonia 18.0% 25%France 10.3% 23%Spain 8.7% 20% Germany 5.8% 18%Greece 6.9% 18%Italy 5.2% 17% The Netherlands 2.4% 14%
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Renewable energies
• DE (15 - 50% depending on type of building and RES)• NO (40%) – DH included• UK (10%) • SL (25%) • IT (Lombardia) min 50% of the energy used for DHW• DK Demand for thermal solar if DHW consumption
exceed more than 20 m³/day• NL gives credits for the RES use• Other countries are investigating the issue (BE, HU)
Many countries have a quota for RES to achieve the goals of the RES directive, examples (2010):
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Eco-design of energy related products directive - ErP• Directive addresses all member states• Focus on manufactured and imported products
sold in large quantities and have significant energy savings potential
• Life-cycle cost approach used in the analysis to set the criteria
• All energy related products (expansion in 2009) (active energy use -EuP, indirect effect -ErP, passive effect -ErP)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Ecodesign and Labelling - Status in 201025 products under preparation
Total estimated savings (347 TWh) = about 10% of gross annual electricity generation in the EU
Measure Commission adoption
Estimated savings (annual by 2020)
Standby (Ecodesign) Dec 2008 35 TWhSimple set-top boxes (Ecodesign) Jan 2009 6 TWhStreet & Office lighting (Ecodesign) Feb 2009 38 TWhExternal power supplies (Ecodesign) Feb 2009 9 TWhDomestic Lighting (Ecodesign) Mar 2009 39 TWhTelevisions (Ecodesign & Labelling) Jul 2009 43 TWhFreezers/Refrigerators (Ecodesign & Labelling) Jul 2009 6 TWhWashing Machines (Ecodesign & Labelling) Jul 2009 2 TWhDishwashers (Ecodesign& Labelling) Jul 2009 2 TWhElectric Motors (Ecodesign) Jul 2009 140 TWhCirculators (Ecodesign) Jul 2009 27 TWh
Total 347 TWh
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Important HVAC related product groups – status in the beginning of 2011
• ENER LOT 1 Boilers (including heat pumps Study completed in 2008. Voting in Regulatory Committee is expected in 2011.
• ENER LOT 2 Water Heaters The study has been done much in parallel with ENTR LOT 1
• ENER LOT 11 (electrical motors, circulators, pumps and fans) For circulators and motors Implementing measures have been published and regulations have entered into force.
• ENER LOT 15 Solid Fuel Small Combustion Installations is actually the first study dealing with products which may work without electrical power.
• ENER LOT 20 Local room heating products and ENER LOT 21 Central heating products
• ENTR LOT 1- Refrigerating and Freezing Equipment Final stakeholder meeting to be held in October 2010, final report to be published in November 2010.
• ENTR LOT 6 - Air conditioning and ventilation systems (“Final” report expected in September 2011): ENTR Lot 6 will cover ventilation products not already covered by ENER Lot 10.
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
ErP Ecodesing working plan 2012 - 2014 in preparation
Report by Consultant VHK 2011 first stakeholders meeting March 11, 2011
Product groups under discussion – 25 most potential groups will be selected by the end of 2011, for example• Fans/blowers & drives• Pumps & drives• Windturbines etc• CHP equipment• DH equipment• Windows• Thermal insulation• Controls• Special purpose ventilation• Domestic cold and hot water equipment
Working plan by the end of 2011• More at http://www.ecodesign-wp2.eu
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
The Intelligent Energy Europe ProgrammeExecutive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation – EACI
SAVE and ALTERN Programmes
EU-projects converting policy into action
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
• Complementary to research programs FP7… and Structural Funds
• Annual Work Programmes / Call for Proposals
• 2011 call open, closes in May 12, 2011 – about 80 M€
• Focus on local level, practical application, financing schemes
IEE 2 Budget(mio€)
YEARS
727.3150.6131.2112.6109.288.370.465.0
Total 2007-2013
2013201220112010200920082007
IEE 2 Budget(mio€)
YEARS
727.3150.6131.2112.6109.288.370.465.0
Total 2007-2013
2013201220112010200920082007
IEE PROGRAMME (2007-2013)
EU-projects converting policy into action
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
BUILD UP: An Open Platform to Disseminate Energy
Efficiency Related Information
The European portal for energy efficiency in buildings
www.buildup.eu
www.buildup.eu
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Solutions for different audiences
Databases of Cases, Tools,Publications
Your guide to energy efficiency
Energy efficiency
EPBD implementation
National infoin practice
You and the EU
Energy legislation
Webportal
The market
Publicauthorities
Buildingprofessionals
Buildingoccupants
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
Status of the BUILD UP Web portal 2011• Over 600 visitors a day• English is the main language but material in all 23 EU
languages accepted (headlines in 22 languages)• Search by language, theme, topic, keyword, date, country,
etc. status in March 2011• 1909 publications• 1130 links • 161 cases • 147 tools • 49 upcoming events • 27 communities
BUILD UP 2 (2011 – 2012) – REHVA is one of the partners
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
www.rehva.euPresentations of the seminar at website next
week
REHVA Annual Conference – Tallinn, Estonia May 19-20, 2011– Topics:
• Nearly Zero Energy Buildings• Building labelling
REHVA Journal– Free, 6 issues a year– www.rehvajournal.com
• REHVA dictionary– REHVA multilingual HVAC dictionary
www.rehvadictionary.eu– Over 12 000 HVAC words– 14 languages
PublicAchim Zeller – Athoka GmbHAnsgar Thiemann – Daikin Europe NVBart Van Reeth – Daikin Europe NV
Net Zero Energy Office BuildingGermany, Ruhr region
1st part of Daikin nZEB project
2
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Overview of the presentation
1. Background … the way towards …
2. Daikin’s net Zero Energy Project
3. Net Zero Energy Office Building
4. Experience since building is occupied
3
Public
°Environmental Application Research
The way towards…Economic
development
Globalwarming
Energy independency
ENERGY
20% less primary energy use compared to 2020 projection
CO2 emissions: 20% reduction by 2020
20% share of renewable energy sources by 2020
EU 20 – 20 – 20 policy
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
4
Public
°Environmental Application Research
The way towards…
20 % less primary energy
1. Ecodesign Directive (criteria under development)
Water heaters, boilers, air conditioners, heat pumps, …2. Energy labels (addition and revision ongoing)
3. Energy performance of buildings Directive (recast)
4. Ecolabel : the EU ecoflower5. Energy Service Directive 6. Combined Heat & Power (CHP) directive
9. The Renewable Energy Source directiveIncl. aerothermal, hydrothermal & geothermal energy
7. Regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gases F gas regulation in force 2011
8. Emission Trading
20 % less CO2 emissions
20 % share renewable
energy
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
5
Public
°Environmental Application Research
The way towards…Energy use in building is of high importance + big saving potential
Source: Eurostat
Primary energy consumption with EU
Estimated energy consumption reduction potential in 2020
Source: EU commission
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
business
33% of total energy consumption is HVAC related
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
6
winter Summer winter
ProductionConsumption
time
Ene
rgy
1 year
…even if they are contributing to the trouble by definition:
Simplified definition: Produce as much energy (export) as you use (import) during a year.
Generation of renewable energy on site
e.g. insulation, ..
Energy conservation
e.g. Photovoltaic,wind energy,…
Net ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
net Zero Energy Buildings using heatpumps are part of solution for intelligent grids
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
7
Base load power plant operation 1.
Base load power plant operation 2.
Storage period Usage period
Graph: Italy energy demand on the 01/07/2006
(MW)
(h)
Overcapacity of renewable energy
18x negative prices at EEX*
Peak price up to €1500 / MWh
Utility companies DaikinAvoid start-up peak plant
Want to cut demandGuarantee comfort
Possibility to control demand
*European Energy Exchange (Germany) 2009
Cap
acity
net Zero Energy Building integrated heatpump solution
Peaks in demand
= access to storage
storage period usage period
net Zero Energy Buildings using heatpumps are part of solution for intelligent grids
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
8
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
simplified model
Optimum now
net Energy Consumption
Investment cost
Running cost
Cos
tTotal cost
Current net zero energy building
net Zero Energy passive measures
e.g. insulationheatpump e.g. Daikin Altherma
renewable energy e.g. photovoltaic
Target: Economically feasible net Zero Energy Building
Legislation recast
9
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
simplified model
Optimum now
net Energy Consumption
Investment cost
Running cost
Cos
tTotal cost
Current net zero energy building
net Zero Energy
Legislation recast
passive measures e.g. insulation
heatpump e.g. Daikin Althermarenewable energy e.g. photovoltaic
combine Daikin Altherma-VRV = efficiencyuse Daikin Zeffle IR reflective coating = gain more with less
Research targetnZEB Herten
Target: Economically feasible net Zero Energy Building
10
Public
°Environmental Application Research
The way towards…
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
New technology / product evaluationPrepare economically feasible solutionGet advantage for next calculation methodology in MSInform decision makers in the MS & EU commission
Current product evaluation / level-up solutionsGain knowledge on calculation methodology in MSInform decision makers in the MS & EU commissionPromote our present solution for nZEB
11
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Net Zero Energy Office Building
ENERGY
LEGISLATION
BUILDINGS
ZERO ENERGY
CHALLENGES
TASKS
THE PROJECT
12
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Building concept
Location: Herten, Ruhr region, Germany
Warehouse (1 floor) Office (2 floors)
13
Public
°Environmental Application Research
35.5
16.3
16.0
51.0
Boundary condition: Plans / BlueprintsWarehouse 800 m²
Office 535m² (305m² + 230m²)
Thermal characteristics:
Outdoor Wall 0,23 W/m²K.Roof 0,16 W/m²KFloor 0,24 W/m²KWindows 1,30 W/m²K
14
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Building ZonesGround Level
15
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Building ZonesLevel 1
16
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Technical ConceptHeating Daikin Altherma – Air to Water heat pump
with floor heatingVRV – Air to Air heat pump
used for heatingCooling VRV – Air to Air heat pump
Cooling + dehumidification in summerDaikin Altherma
Ventilation VAM – heat recovery ventilationSensible and latent heat recovery
Lighting Use of LED-technology for night-lighting and spot-lightingPower generation Thin film Photovoltaic with 27,3 kWpEnergy-monitoring Building management system
17
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Daikin Altherma
Heat load of the building: 13,3 kWGround floor: 7,4 kW for 305m² + 300l DHWLevel 1: 5,8 kW for 240 m² ERLQ007BAV3
ERLQ008BAV3
2 circuits – 2 outdoor units
HEATING (prim E)
SpecifickWh/m²a
AbsolutekWh/a
44 23.614,48
52
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
nZEB
Ref.
% ref
In comparison with reference building
18
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Daikin VRV heat pump
Outdoor unit
RXYQ8P8
Indoor unit
11 indoor units
Different types
Nominal cooling capacity: 22,4 kW
Design cool loads:
COOLING (prim E)
SpecifickWh/m²a
AbsolutekWh/a
14,07 7.519,51 44
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
nZEB
Ref.
% ref
In comparison with reference building
19
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Daikin VAM heat recovery ventilation
VENTILATION (prim E)
SpecifickWh/m²a
AbsolutekWh/a
6,83 3.650,21
30
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
nZEB
Ref.
% ref
VAM units
Supply air: 400 m³/hVAM650FAVE
Ground floor
Level 1
Supply air: 863 m³/hVAM1000FAVE
In comparison with reference building
Efficiency heat recovery: 71,8%
20
energy demand
to be compen-
sated 21.900
*methodology: non-residential building DIN V 18599
Renewable energypart due to Heatpumpremark: standard design indoor
temperature in Germany:heating: 20°Ccooling: 26°C
0
-28000
Ene
rgy
dem
and/
prod
uctio
n
Calculation* in final energy (kWh/a)heating
-9.082 .
>21.900
generation
-2.892
cooling
-2.142
hot water
-1.403
ventilation
-6.379
lighting
Renewable Energy contribution by Heatpumps
Renewable Energy contribution by Photovoltaics
heat
dem
and
- contributing as much as photovoltaic to net Zero Energy Buildings
Heat pumps are inevitable
21
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Measuring & monitoringTemperature sensors
- Room temperature- Ventilation air temperature- Floor contact temperature- PV tube temperature- Outdoor temperature- Roof temperature
Humidity sensors- Outdoor humidity- Room humidity
Power meters- Electricity
Other sensors- CO2 concentrations- Solar radiation- Presence detection- Window/door contacts- Weather station- Daikin equipment operation
Total more than 500 sensors installed
Weather station
Strap on temp. sensor
Power meter
CO2 sensor
Thermal radiationDuct temp. & humidity sensor
22
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Measuring & monitoring
Measurement & Visualisation
System
Sensors:
• electronic data recording every 15 min• Web-based data management
DAIKIN + Research Partners
23
Public
°Environmental Application Research
Project partners
Indoor Air Quality / Comfort / Ventilation / Energy savingAlternative solutions
Potential of Daikin concept & environmental impactInfluence of different climates
Monitoring of Daikin Altherma-VRV combinationAlternative solutions
Net Zero Energy Building (nZEB) conceptDesign alternative concept, modelling in TRNSYS
ef Ruhref Ruhr Relation of Building Energy Management of Daikin test nZEB and intelligent grid
RESEARCH TOPICS:
24
Public
°Environmental Application Research
First experience
Construction phase: supervision of execution is highly important
Ventilation: installation and commissioning is decisive to reach target efficiency
Calculation of Net Zero Energy Building (nZEB) level accordingly to EPBD, EnEV in this case, shows difference to reality
Net Zero Energy Building (nZEB) concept requires good calculation methodology in order to reach net zero energy level in reality
Building is occupied since 1st of November 2010
=> We are on track but not yet economically feasible.Our target is to learn in phase 1 about how to come to economically feasible solutions for net Zero Energy Buildings which reach to zero in reality, only real nZEB will contribute to achieve EU 20-20-20 targets.
©Uponor 117 March 201117 March 2011
Heating and Cooling business challenges in nZEB
Ilari AhoVice President, Indoor Climate Business GroupUponor Corporation
REHVA Supporters’ seminarFrankfurt, March 17, 2011
©Uponor 2
Uponor Indoor Climate Solutions
Invisible Comfort
• Underfloor heating and cooling systems
• Thermally ActiveBuilding Systems(TABS)
• Cooling panels andsurface cooling elements
• Radiant heating and cooling controls
• Pre-insulated piping systems• Ground energy collector
systems• Ventilation ducting
17 March 2011
©Uponor 317 March 201117 March 2011
Net sales in 2009
• Consolidated net sales for 2009: EUR 730 million• Personnel: ca 3,300 persons
20%
26%54%
19%
15%66%
Infrastructure Solutions
Building Solutions - North America
Building Solutions - Europe
Infrastructure solutionsIndoor climate solutionsPlumbing solutions
Net sales by business group Net sales by segment
©Uponor 4
Industry challenges moving towards nZEB
Technical challenges
Competence development
Changes required in industrial
structures and business models
17 March 2011
©Uponor 5
Heating and cooling business challenges in nZEB
• Fragmented construction value chain with split incentives
• Competence gaps in the value chain
• Performance-based business and earnings logic
• Performance of components vs. systems vs. buildings vs. communities
17 March 2011
©Uponor 6
Fragmented construction value chain• Who assumes responsibility for performance?• How is performance delivered, ensured and verified?
17 March 2011
= Performance required
= Performance delivered
= Performance specified/verified
DistributorsInstallers,
sub-contractors
Maincontractor
Designers, consultants
Owner/developer/
investorEnd users
Materials,products
andsystemssuppliers
Building mgmtand maintenance
providers
©Uponor 7
Competence gaps
• Specifying performance, not technical features
• Designing and delivering performance, not hardware
• Verifying performance, not the existence of specified components
17 March 2011
©Uponor 8
Life Cycle Services
Performance Contracting
Design-Build-Operate
Design-Build
System sales
Performance-based business models
Componentmanufacture
17 March 2011
©Uponor 9
Changes in earnings logic
• Value based on delivered performance
• Detaching earnings from material flows and service delivery
―based on common, measurable and contractually applicable performance metrics
17 March 2011
©Uponor 10
Net / near Zero Energy is best achieved on the community level
High-performance buildings + Low Exergy Supply structures
17 March 2011
©Uponor 1117 March 201117 March 2011
Sorption technology in energy recovery in AHU´s
Enventus Company Profile• Manufacturer of
Rotating heat exchangers, heat wheels
• Turnover 11 Mio Euro (2009)• 60 employees
• Annual production over 20’000 rotors • Delivered approx 250’000 rotors over the years
• 3000 m2 production area in Sweden• 1000 m2 assembly plant in Kunshan, Shanghai, China
• Market position: Leading Scandinavian supplierNumber 2 in Europe
Advantages of sorption technology
• 20-40% lower cooling capacity need for
AHU´s
• Energy saving in the summer time
• Energy and capacity saving when
humidification is needed
• Better air quality (higher humidity) in
winter time
Definitions according Eurovent certification program
1. Condensation rotors, non hydroscopic no designed humidity transfer properties
2. Enthalpy / Hydroscopic rotors, low to medium humidity transfer efficiency3. Sorption rotors, high humidity transfer efficiency
Humidity efficiency of different types
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-10° -5° 0° 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30°
outdoor Temp. [°C]
Hum
idity
eff.
[%
]
ST1 STE1 HX1
ST1 = Condensation
STE1 = Hydroscopic
HX1 = Sorption
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Effic
ienc
y %
Air Speed m/s
Performance of HX1 Sorption Rotor with 1.7 mm well height (24C/50%, 30C/50%)
ηx
ηT
Sorption Rotors (HX1 and HM1)
• Active coating on the sorption foil for sensible and high humidity recovery
• The humidity transfer of the sorption rotors is a physisorption process on a very high active surface.
• There is no chemical process, the catch of molecules is based on Molecule size and weak atomic forces
Sorption material , Silicagel HX1
• Commonly used material in packing and drying applications, SiO2
• 1g adsorbent equal to approx. 700 m2,
We use silica gel 15 g/m2 aluminum 1m² surface = 1.5 football fields
• Extreme high humidity efficiency, especially at high RH level
• Wide distribution of pore sizes
• Is not selective on what it adsorbs
tetrahedras of (AlO4) and (SiO4)(source: Grace website)
(source: Grace website)
• Functional group of materials• Widely used adsorbent in chemical
industry.• Engineered structures to specific
function, pore size defined• In HVAC applications use 3-10Å
pore sizes for water (2.7Å )• We use (AlO4) and (SiO4), 3Å• High humidity efficiency• Very selective to adsorb only
water molecules
Sorption material, Molecular sieve HM1
Outdoor air temperature °C, RH 50%
Indoor temp
Case 25°C/50%, 33°C/50%air flow 36000 m3/h, Rotor 2950 mm, 1.7 mm , 3.0 m/s
Explanantion Condensingrotor
Sorption rotor Difference
Temp efficiency 75.0% 75.0% 0 %Humidity efficieny 0% 72,7% 72.7%Pressure drop 156 Pa 204 Pa 48 Pa∆ Entalphy 6.2 kJ/kg 17.3 kJ/kg 11.1 kJ/kgCapacity / m3/s air 7.4 kW/ m3/s 20,8 kW/ m3/s air 13.4 kW/ m3/s air
Humidity transfer 0 3,6 g/s / m3/s air 4.4 g/s / m3 air
Cooling capacity saving 13.4kW / m3/s air. (20.8 if condensing rotor not used in Summer)
Increase of power consumption due to pressure drop increase 0.2 kW/m3/s air
Pay back timeThe investment cost of additional cooling capacity is about 100-200 Euro/kW
>>> The capacity savings due Sorption's rotor was 13 kW/ m3/sgiving investment savings of 1300-2600 Euro/m3/s
Additional investment for Sorption treatment is 400-800 Euro/ m3/s
With 400-800 Euro investment 1300-2600 Euro savings =
0 days pay back time
There is no additional investment from the system perspective. To compensate the energy cost of the pressure drop increase we need 3-5% cooling full capacity utilization or total utilization time of AHU or 5- 10 years of AHU without any use of cooling capacity.
Where to use sorption technology
Installations where cooling is required Regions where peak load management is a topic
(capacity shortage of installed power from utilities)
Chilled beam, chilled ceiling , dry cooling fan coils
applications
Whenever humidification of supply air is required
Existing installation where chillers capacity is limited
and causing problems in summer time
…more info and downloads:
www.enventus.com
Thank you for your interest!
Questions?
When not to use sorption technology
When there is no cooling used in Summer time– Humidity recovery works only, if exhaust air is cooler and drier
than supply air. i.e. when supply air is cooled
Occasional concerns with Sorption rotors
• Odour carry over
• Bacteria / germ growths
• life cycle expectancy
• Use of molecular sieve recommended
• Antimicrobial agent being used, Hg ions
• Washed rotor reaches same capacity as before
Production quality
• in-house coating machine– entire process control
• Raw materials for coating carefullyselected
• Eurovent certified products
Advantages with sorption rotors1. Lower cooling capacity for AHU´s
– Dehumidify the supply air before cooling coil• 20-50% of cooling capacity in AHU process is dehumidification.
– Smaller cooling equipment and cooling installations.2. Energy saving in summer conditions
– Use of energy recovery in summer time would be motivated
3. Higher humidity recovery in winter time– Better indoor climate – Less humidification needed
Rotor Materials
• Non hydroscopic rotors- Standard aluminium (alloy 1200) (ST1)
- Epoxy coated aluminium (STC1)
- Sea water resistant aluminium alloy 5052 (AK1)
• Hygroscopic rotor, hygroscopic aluminium (STE1)
• Sorption rotors, Siligagel, (HX1)
Molecular sieve (HM1)
Sorption wheel vs. no recovery
1.25 kg/m3
1.20 kg/m3
20 kJ/kg
30 kJ/kg
40 kJ/kgEnthalpy
100%
50%
90%
80%
70%
60%
40% 30% 20%
Rel.
hum
idity
5.0
g/kg
6.0
g/kg
7.0
g/kg
8.0
g/kg
9.0
g/kg
10.0
g/k
g
11.0
g/k
g
12.0
g/k
g
13.0
g/k
g Water
-0 °
2 °
4 °
6 °
8 °
10 °
12 °
14 °
16 °
18 °
20 °
22 °
24 °
26 °
28 °
30 °
32 °
Tem
pera
ture
1
23
4
5
Incoming Fresh Air 18°C, 69%
Summer outdoor design28°C, 50%
Exhaust air 24.0°C 50%
Mollier-h-x-Diagram for air humid - Pressure 1.013 bar (0.000 m / 20.000 °C / 50.000 % rH)
w/o cooling capacity 26.0 kW/m3/sWith sorption 14.0 kW/m3/s Difference 12 kW/m3/s -45%
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
Erick Melquiond: [email protected]
Some brands never mislead
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
15 minutes to get closer to nZEB
• Performance certification of HVAC productsHVAC componentsHVAC equipments / products .
• Certification for what purpose ?Third party certification in a nutshell Introduction to data crowd
• Third party protocolBlock by blockCertification program
• Efficiency: label and labelAvailable label
• Conclusion
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Performance certification programme:
HVAC components
» Plate and Rotary Heat Exchangers» Condensers, Evaporators» Fine Air Filters
HVAC equipments /products
» Heat Pumps» Liquid Chilling Packages ( including reversible)» Air Conditionners ( including reversible )» Air Handling Units» Fan Coils Units» Chilled Beams
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Certification for what purpose ?
• What you see are the announced performance for the same product from ‘’N’’ manufacturers.
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Certification for what purpose ?
• What you see now are the same products from “n” manufacturers with third party certified performance… same basis and controlled data :
Now we can compare.
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
Third party certification in a nutshell
Self declaration Certified performance
Third partyCertification
Protocol
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Introduction to data ‘’ crowd’’
Best practice measured value
Third party certified data
Homologated data
Self-declared data
Data ‘’ crowd ‘’ can be anywhere within the largest circle
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
STEP: 1 completed
AHU: Air handling Unit
Or
DOAS: Dedicated Outdoor Air System
Standard dedicated to evaluate performance of given product family EN 1886 ISO 3744 EN 13053
Air Handling Unit ( example)
• EN 1886 mechanical• EN ISO 3744 sound• EN ISO 11546 sound• EN 13053 thermal
ISO 11546
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
STEP: 2.a Qualification of the laboratory
Standard dedicated to evaluate given product family
EN 1886 ISO 3744 EN 13053
I Laboratoryspecified for a product family
• Installation• Capacity• Skills and know how
ISO 11546
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
STEP: 2.b
Accreditation of the laboratory
Standard dedicated to evaluate given product family
EN 1886 ISO 3744 EN 13053
Laboratory accreditationspecified for a product family
• Measurement quality control • Precision of measurement• Independance, integrity
ISO 17025
ISO 11546
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
STEP: 2 completed
Qualification of the laboratory
ISO 17025 accredidatedlaboratories
EN 1886 ISO 3744 EN 13053
ISO 17025 Laboratory accredidatedfor a product family
ISO 17025 ISO 17025 ISO 17025
ISO 17025 valid
accreditation
ISO 11546
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
Step 3.a:
To set all general rules not covered
Operational Manual (OM)
Operational Manual
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
• Certify all • How to select units to be tested•Non compliances …
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Meaning A robust independent structure
Step 3 a:To set all others rules not covered
Operational Manual (OM)
Operational Manual
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure:
Step 3.b:To set all technical rules not covered
Rating Standard (RS) Operational Manual
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
Rating Standard
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
• Standards to be used• Test conditions• Bill Of Material (BOM)• Number of test points • List of certified data …
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
• Select and monitor laboratories• Select and monitor audit agencies• Validate OM and RS • Supervised and monitor the program
Step 3.c:To supervised and monitor the programme
OM and RS Operational
Manual
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
Rating Standard
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
Compliance Committee
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure:
Step 3: Completed
OM: Operating manualRS: Rating standardCC: Compliance Committee
Operational Manual
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
Rating Standard
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
Compliance Committee
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
Step 4:to be compliant with ISO/IEC accreditation
Rules to comply for certification bodies
Third party status and operating protocol must be proven
ISO/IEC GUIDE 65(EN 45011)
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
• Independance• Impartiality• Integrity• Know how
Operational Manual
Rating Standard
ComplianceCommittee
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
Step 4 : completed
Accreditation of certifed body
Rules and Know-how for a specific program
Accreditation for testing laboratories
Standard dedicated to evaluate performance of given product family
ISO/IEC GUIDE 65
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
Operational Manual
Rating Standard
Compliance Committee
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Step A robust independent structure
Step 5:Develop:• Recognition • Brand value• Certification Mark
EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
ISO/IEC GUIDE 65
Operating manual
Rating standard
Compliance committee
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
Purpose A robust independent structure
Eurovent Certification Mark
Accreditation of certified body
Rules and Know-how for a specific programme
Accreditation of laboratories
Standard dedicated to evaluate performance of given product family EN 14511 ISO 9614 ISO 3744 EN 1886 EN 13053
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
LaboratoryISO 17025
Operating manual
Rating standard
ComplianceCommittee
ISO/IEC GUIDE 65
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
A robust independent structure
Accredidated certifier
Standard
AccreditedLaboratory
Operational Manual Rating Standard
Compliance Committe
CertificationValue & recognitionHigh
Low Standard alone Packaged protocol
ISO 17025accreditation
ISO/IEC 65accreditation
Value of
data
Low
HighCertified Dataon the WEB
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
CERTIFICATION: Third party protocol
A robust independent structure
CertificationValue & recognitionHigh
Low
Standard alone Packaged protocol
Value of
data
Low
High
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Air Conditionners Fan Coils Filters Chilled Beams
Air CondensersHeat PumpsLiquid Chilled Packages
RefrigeratedDisplay Cabinets
Air EvaporatorsAir Handling Units
Energy Recuperation Systems
Rooftops
Cooling Towers Drift Eliminators
Certification programmes
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Efficiency
?Or
and certified labellabel
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Available labels :
• Air Handling Unit (AHU ) 2009 , more than 60 manufacturers
• Heat Pump ( HP) 2007 , more than 30 manufacturers
• Liquid Chilled Package ( LCP) 2007 , more than 30 manufacturers
• Rooftop ( RT ) , 2009 , more than 5 manufacturers
• Fan Coil ( FC) , 2010 more than 50 manufacturers
• Filter (FT) 2012 , more than 14 manufacturers
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Conclusion :
nZEB
Net positive
Net negative
BUILDING
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011 2
Conclusion :
1) Look for a third party logo
2) Check validity on line
PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION HVAC PRODUCTS FOR NETZERO BUILDING 17th March 2011
You may want to check performance and certified data in the future ?
Just donwload at: www.certiflash.com
Or www.eurovent-certification.com