Regulatory Framework for LNG Fuelled Large Cargo...

Regulatory Framework for

LNG Fuelled Large Cargo Vessels

HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS WORLDWIDE CONFERENCE

Patrick Janssens Vice President, LNG

Athens, Greece

5 June 2012

2

Outline

Background and Key Drivers

Regulatory Framework

Requirements and Arrangements

Further Considerations

3

Background & Drivers

Emission Control Area

(ECA)

4

Background & Key Drivers

Fuel and gas prices

US shale gas

5

Background & Key Drivers

In recent years dual fuel engine technology has been introduced

to the marine market, primarily through medium speed engine

applications to LNG carriers

Spark ignition gas engines have also been installed on a number

of ferry and patrol craft vessels primarily operating in Norway

Wartsila 50DF,

source Wartsila

Rolls Royce Bergen C26:33,

source Rolls Royce

Mitsubishi GS16R-MPTK,

source Diesel Power

6

Regulatory Framework: IMO

IMO Resolution MSC.285(86) – Interim Guidelines on Safety for

Natural Gas-Fueled Engine Installations in Ships – adopted

1 June 2009 – voluntary

IMO International Code for Safety for Ships using Gases or Other

Low Flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code) – originally scheduled for

completion in 2012, BLG 15 in Feb 2011 extended that to 2014

Needs to be mandated by SOLAS

Needs to be reviewed by other IMO bodies, DE, FP, SLF, STW

7

Regulatory Framework: Class Rules

ABS Steel Vessel Rules

IACS

Unified Requirements M59 – Control and

Safety Systems for Dual Fuel Diesel Engines

PM6902 – Unified Requirement – Safety of

Diesel Engines Supplied with Low Pressure

Gas

8

Regulatory Framework: Environment

IMO Annex VI

Gaseous emissions

GHG

EU

Sulfur Directive 1999/32/EC as

amended

CARB

Oceangoing vessel (OGV)

Fuel Regulation

EPA

40 CFRs

9

SOx Regulations

Regulation Coverage Application Date S% Comments MARPOL

Annex VI Global Current 3.5

Global 01-Jan-20 0.5 Review by 2018

SECA Until 30 June 2010 1.5 Baltic/North Sea/English Channel

SECA 01-Jul-10 1.0 Baltic/North Sea/English Channel

US/Canada ECA 01-Aug-12 1.0 Adopted MEPC.190(60)

US Caribbean

Waters 01-Jan-14 1.0 Adopted MEPC.202(62)

SECA /ECA 01-Jan-15 0.1

Baltic/North Sea/English

Channel/US/Canada/US Caribbean Waters

EU Directive EU ports at berth

01-Jan-10 0.1 Final legal proposal for amendment in progress 1999/32/EC and at anchor

CARB California waters 01-Jul-09

1.5

0.5

Marine Gas Oil (ISO 8217 DMA Grade)

Marine Diesel Oil (ISO 8217, DMB Grade)

California waters 01-Aug-12

1.0

0.5

Marine Gas Oil (ISO 8217 DMA/DMZ Grade)


California waters 01-Jan-14 0.1

Marine Gas Oil (ISO 8217 DMA/DMZ Grade)


10

NOx Regulations

Global: IMO Annex VI

Regulation 13

Local: IMO Annex VI

Regulation 13, Tier III ECA

Local: e.g. EPA

40 CFRs 92 & 94

+ HC, CO, PM

E.g. Category 1 & 2 engines

over 2,000 kW, 2.0g/kWh

NOx + HC from 2014

Tier 4 Standards for

Marine Diesel Category 1/2

Engines

Power (P) NOx HC PM Date

kW g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh

P ≥ 3700 1.8 0.19 0.12a 2014

c

1.8 0.19 0.06 2016b,c

2000 ≤ P < 3700 1.8 0.19 0.04 2014c,d

1400 ≤ P < 2000 1.8 0.19 0.04 2016c

600 ≤ P < 1400 1.8 0.19 0.04 2017d

a - 0.25 g/kWh for engines with 15-30 dm3/cylinder displacement.

b - Optional compliance start dates can be used within these model years.

c - Option for Cat. 2: Tier 3 PM/NOx+HC at 0.14/7.8 g/kWh in 2012, and Tier 4 in 2015.

d - The Tier 3 PM standards continue to apply for these engines in model years 2014 and 2015 only.

EPA Tier 4

11

ABS Dual Fuel Publication History

ABS published guidance on the application of dual fuel diesel

engines with the ABS Guide for Design and Installation of Dual

Fuel Engines in Jan. 2003

This was superseded by the ABS

Guide for Propulsion Systems

for LNG Carriers in Sept. 2005

Now supplemented for other vessel

types by the ABS Guide for Propulsion

and Auxiliary Systems for Gas Fueled

Ships published in May 2011

12

Fuel Tank Requirements, Types & Location

Fuel containment systems including

pressure tanks, independent gravity

tanks and membrane tanks designed

in accordance with IGC Code, as

incorporated in 5C-8-4 of the SVR,

are permitted

Type C independent tanks

No secondary barrier

Robust design

Higher design pressures

Easy installation

Can be installed on open deck

13


Membrane Tanks

Effectively utilize available space

Require full or partial secondary barriers

– sloshing loads can be an issue

Prismatic Tanks

Effectively utilize available space

Require full or partial secondary barriers

Type B tanks are arranged for inert gas

pressurization of hold spaces, with

secondary barriers and hull protection

in accordance with IGC Code principles

14


LNG approximately 1.6 x

volume of HFO and CNG

approximately 4 x volume of

HFO

Real world volume

requirement for small Type C

LNG fuel storage tank and

FGS system 4 x HFO

15


Source: NOF

LNG fuel tanks under accommodation?

IMO BLG 16 has agreed that this would

be permitted

Risk based approach to

be applied

IMO to undertake further

assessment of collision

data to determine

equivalency with existing

prescriptive requirements

on LNG tank distance

from sideshell

16

NBOG Management

“…means are to be provided to maintain tank pressure below

MARVS by safely utilizing or disposing of NBOG at all times,

while in port, while maneuvering, while standing by...”

One or more of combination

Dual fuel diesel plant for propulsion and power generation

Single gas fuel engine plant for propulsion and power generation

A gas turbine plant for propulsion and power generation

A re-liquefaction system

A gas combustion unit

Other approved consumer such as auxiliary steam boiler

Pressure accumulation

Cold ironing requirements to prevent operation of auxiliary diesels

in port?

17

NBOG Management

“… maintain tank pressure

below MARVS and not to

become liquid full for a period

of 15 days …”

Type C tank has higher

pressure capability

Larger vessels using low

pressure tanks will also need

GCU, re-liquefaction or

boiler/steam dump

5

5,5

6

6,5

7

7,5

8

8,5

9

9,5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Tan

k P

ressu

re,

bar

Days

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0 5 10 15 20

Tan

k P

ressu

re,

bar

Days

18

Double Wall Fuel Gas Piping Machinery Space

Gas fuel

Exhaust

Ventilation

30 A/C

Double wall gas pipes

Master gas valve

GVU room

Gas detectors

DFD or

gas engine

** Double wall gas pipes may be

sealed inert gas pressurized type

Ventilation

Duct ventilation

inlet or from

external

location Non-hazardous

machinery

space

Vent Vent

19

Single Wall Fuel Gas Piping Concept

20

Bunker Station Requirements

No gas is to be discharged to air

during bunkering operations

Key bunker station requirements

Sufficient natural ventilation

Physical separation and structural

protection

Stainless steel drip trays

Class A-60 protection

Remote control and monitoring

Manual and remote ESD valves

Draining/purging/inerting provision

Ventilation and gas detection of

bunkering lines

CONTROL STATION

LNG SUPPLY

VAPOR RETURN

COMM LINK/ESD

BONDING CONNECTION

Gas detection and

ventilation for enclosed

or semi enclosed station

Drip trays

and means

of drainage

to be

provided

Stop valve

and ESD

valve

21

Bunker Station Requirements

ABS Guide Section 4 “Fuel Bunkering System”

The ‘Guidelines for systems and installations for

supply of LNG as fuel to ships’ is under development

under ISO TC67 WG10

Target is to ‘…standardize the interface

between the ship and the fuel supply

facilities, to ensure that a LNG fuelled

ship can refuel in any port with LNG

fuel supply facilities...’

SIGTTO have published STS guidelines

22

Prime Mover Requirements & Options

DF Diesel Electric: four-stroke medium speed dual fuel diesel

DF Direct Drive: four-stroke medium speed dual fuel diesel

MAN B&W ME-GI engine: dual fuel two stroke slow speed diesel

direct drive

Spark (or micro pilot) ignited gas

only engine: four-stroke medium

and high speed gas engines

Electric drive

Direct drive

Gas turbine

23

Further Considerations: Emissions

Otto cycle DF and single gas fuel

engines meet IMO Tier III NOx

24% NOx reduction for direct

injection slow speed engines

24


DF medium speed engine (ECA)

LNG = SOx + NOx Tier III

MGO + SCR = SOx + NOx Tier III

HFO + Scrubber + SCR = SOx + NOx Tier III?

DF medium speed engine (non-ECA)


MGO / HFO = SOx + NOx Tier II

Single gas fuel Otto cycle engine (ECA and non-ECA)


25


Slow speed ME-GI DF engine (ECA)

LNG + EGR = SOx + NOx Tier III

MGO + EGR = SOx + NOx Tier III

Slow speed ME-GI DF engine (non-ECA)

LNG = SOx + NOx Tier II

MGO / HFO = SOx + NOx Tier II

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)

26


Availability of LNG fueling

terminals

Ship-to-ship transfer

Sufficient storage space

Emissions

Local regulations

GHG – methane slip

Gas spec – methane number

Transient response

Crew training

www.eagle.org

Regulatory Framework for LNG Fuelled Large Cargo...

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