Regulations and guidelines of thermal power plants

8/13/2019 Regulations and guidelines of thermal power plants

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Presented by:

Manohara Reddy Pittu

Priyam Kakoti Bora

Sai Mounika Chennamsetty

Vandana PalVijay Mohan Rachabattuni


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INTRODUCTION

Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) convert the energy content of an energycarrier (fuel) into either electricity or heat.

The type of power plant employed depends on the source of energyand type of energy being produced.

Possible fuel sources include:Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum products and natural gasResidual and waste materials such as domestic and industrialrefuse and fuel made from recovered oil Fissionable material (the scope of this document do not includefissionable material)

The type of facility and size of thermoelectric projects, as well astechnological configuration of generation system and also other

associated facilities besides, environmental and social concerns of plantlocation, will determine the nature and intensity of environmentalimpacts of proposed TPP facility.


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The Electricity Industry forms a critical part of Indiasinfrastructure sector

and its continued expansion is necessary for economic growth of thecountry.

Electricity is a concurrent subject under the Constitution of India.

REGULATORY BODIES:Ministry of PowerMinistry of Petroleum and Natural Gas

Ministry of CoalMinistry of Surface Transport

State Electricity Boards

Transmission infrastructurePlanning CommissionCEACERCSERC

NATIONAL POWER SCENARIO

LEGISLATIONS:Indian Electricity Act, 1910Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948Indian Electricity Rules, 1956Amendments in the 1910 Act and the1948 ActLiquid Fuel Policy, 1995Electricity Regulatory Commission Act,1998Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act 1998Electricity act 2003


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ENERGY DEMAND PROJECTIONS


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DISTRIBUTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN INDIA


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RESERVES AND POTENTIAL FOR GENERATION


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PROPERTIES OF FUELS FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT:

COAL

PROPERTIES VALUES

Moisture 10-15%

Volatile Matter 20-25%

Fixed Carbon 25-30%

Ash 35-45%

Sulphur 0.2-0.3%

GVC (kcal/kg) 3200-3800

NAPHTHA

PROPERTIES VALUES

Density at 15 deg C 0.66-0.76

Sulphur % (by mass) 0.15 (max)

Aromatics % (by vol) 25 (max)Olefins % (by vol) 1 (max)

Gross CV (kcal/kg) 10200 (min)

C/H2 ratio (by mass) 5-6

Residue on evaporation :Airjet(mg/100ml) 5 (max)


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FUELOIL

PROPERTIES HEAVYFURNACE OIL

LSHS HPS

Total sulphur

content

4.5% max 1.0% max 4.5%max

GCV 11000 11000 9500(min)

Flash point 66 deg C

Water content(by vol)

1.0% 1.0% 1.0%

Sediment (by wt) 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%Ash content (bywt)

0.1% 0.05% 0.1%

Ashphaltenecontent (by wt)

2.5% 2.5% 2.5%

Vanadiumcontent

25ppm 25ppm 25ppm

Kinematicviscosity (in cs)

370 1809 500

Pour point 57 deg C 72 deg C


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LNG

PROPERTIES VALUES

Methane 95.3%

Ethane 4.1%

Propane 0.43%

Iso-butane 0.04%N-butane 0.04%

N-pentane 0.01%

Hexane 0.05%

Nitrogen 0.02%


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AN OVERVIEW OF EMISSIONS FROM THERMALPOWER PLANTS


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S. No. Thermal Power Plant Capacity of plant CO2(Thousand

ton)

SO2 (kg) NO (kg)

1 Dadri 1820 MW 6413.07 49.32 33.08

2 Rihand 2500 MW 13049.07 83.58 64.49

3 Singrauli 2000 MW 18185.23 74.07 81.71

4 Sipat 2980 MW 6142.32 49.57 31.62

5 Kutch lignite 290 MW 807.08 39.73 4.16

6 Chandrapur 2340 MW 14938.09 196.53 41.68

7 Dahanu 500 MW 3812.31 22.37 11.75

8 Kahalgaon 2340 MW 7319.83 30.77 24.11

9 Simhadri 2000 MW 5979.83 31.95 29.29

10 Neyveli lignite 2070 MW 12443.43 443.44 58.02

Emissions at ten Indian thermal power plants in 2009-10:


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CO2, SO2, NO EMISSIONS FROM THERMAL POWER PLANTSIN INDIA (GG) DURING 2001-02 TO 2009-10:

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

YE R

CO2

SO2

NO


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EMISSION STANDARS FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

FOR COAL BASED TPPs:

Power Generation capacity Particulate matter emission

Less than 210 MW 350 mg/Nm3

210 MW or more 150 mg/Nm3

Depending upon the requirement of local situations, which maywarrant stricter standards as in case of protected areas the StatePollution Control Board and other implementing agencies within theprovisions of the EPA, 1980 may prescribe limit of 150 mg/Nm3 irrespective

of the generation capacity of the plant.

Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board and Delhi Pollution ControlCommittees have stipulated stringent standards of 115 and 50 mg/Nm3

respectively for control of particulate matter emission.


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FOR GAS/NAPTHA BASED TPPs:(a) For existing units 150 ppm (v/v) at 15% excess oxygen

(b) For new units with effect from 1-6-1999.

Generation capacity of gas turbine Limit for NOx emission (v/v), at 15%excess oxygen)

400 MW and above (i) 50 ppm for the units burning naturalgas.

(ii) 100 ppm for the units burning

naphtha

Less than 400 MW but upto 100 MW (i) 75 ppm for the units burning naturalgas

(ii) 100 ppm for the units burningnaphtha

Less than 100 MW 100 ppm for units burning natural gas ornaphtha as fuel

For the plants burning gas in aconventional boiler

100 ppm


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FOR LIQUID FUEL BASED TPPs:


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EMISSIONS CONTROL-AVAILABLE MEASURES

Current Indian environmental standards require particulate emissions to

be less than 150mg/m3 but there are no emission standards for NOx andSO2.

Consequently, all coal-based TPSs have installed Electrostatic Precipitators(ESPs) for particulate control. These ESPs have collection efficiencies in therange of 98-99.6% in order to meet the emissions standards.

With the developments in bag filter media and cleaning technologies,particularly for coals giving rise to high resistivity fly ash, bag filters are nowconsidered as a viable and cost effective alternative for particulateemission control.

The first step in any NOx emission control strategy is to optimise plantoperation through interventions that reduce excess air, and fine-tune theboiler. Other combustion modification strategies include Low-NOx Burners(LNB), Overfire Air (OFA), Flue gas recirculation, and reburning.


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SO2 control technologies are basically of three types: Dry SorbentInjection, Spray Dry Scrubbers and Wet Scrubbers.

In India in most of the coal based power plants, the ash slurry isdischarged into ash ponds. Therefore disposal of fly ash and bottom ash isextremely water- and land-intensive. It causes diversion of fertile lands forash ponds and unsustainable water usage. The Ministry of Environment andForests, Government of India, has stipulated that all new coal-based powerplants should indicate a plan for utilization of the ash while submitting the

EIA/EMP for approval.

Regulations and guidelines of thermal power plants

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