Regulation, Innovation and GTB...International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25...
Transcript of Regulation, Innovation and GTB...International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25...
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
67 years and counting!
Regulation,
Innovation and GTB
The UN Palais des Nations, Geneva
International Symposium on Automotive LightingDarmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
Geoffrey R DraperGTB President
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
Disclaimer
2
The information presented in this document is based upon my personalviews that are not intended to represent the GTB opinion
Part of this document was presented in my Keynote speech at theISAL2019 Symposium on 25 September 2019
Geoffrey R DraperPresident
The International Automotive Lighting and Light Signalling Expert Group (GTB)
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
THEME
• Lighting Innovation is delivering acknowledged improvements in traffic safety but needs good regulation at a GLOBAL level
• The UN global regulatory system has contributed to these safety improvements over the past 67 years, strongly supported by GTB
3
SOMETHING TO SHOUT ABOUT!
• To support ongoing innovation, major changes in the UN regulatory system are in progress with emphasis upon the development of performance-based technical requirements
• What shall be the future?
THE FUTURE
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
1958 Agreement on UN Harmonised Technical Regulations
1998 Agreement on UN Global Technical Regulations (UN GTR’s)
2018 GRE delivers the 1st Stage of its Simplification Plan – Launches 2nd Stage
1977 1st session of the Working Party on Lighting and Light-Signalling (GRE)
1953 1st session of UNECE Working Party on Construction of Vehicles (WP.29)
1950 1st session of UNECE Ad Hoc Working Group on the prevention of road accidents
1948 1st session of UNECE Inland Transport Committee
HISTORY OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT - UNECE
4
1952 1st session of GTB in Brussels
GTB granted Special Consultative Status at UN ECOSOC
2011 GTB established as a legal association
2014
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s
1952
1st GTB Session
1977
1st Session of the Working Party on Lighting and Light-Signalling
GTB – Joint Working Party of ISO, IEC and CIE (Contributing to WP.29 and GRE)
2014
GTB granted Special Consultative Status at UN ECOSOC
May 19521st GTB Session - Brussels
June 2019127th GTB Session - The Hague-Scheveningen (NL)
(Austria, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, UK, USA)
2011 Legally Established Association
(Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Switzerland, UK, )
1953
1st Session UNECE Working Party on Construction of Vehicles (WP.29) - Became the World Forum on Harmonisation of Vehicle Regulation
GTB AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT
2000
GTB ceases to be a standardisation body
5
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
THE GTB CONTRIBUTION
TECHNICAL STEERING COMMITTEE AND WORKING GROUP STRUCTURE
Technical Steering Committee
Chair: D. Puglisi
Vice-chair: B. Terburg
Secretary: F Matarazzo
WG Front Lighting
Chair: E. Blusseau
Secretary: F.Hay
WG Light Sources
Chair: B Terburg
Secretary: W. Schlager
WG Safety and Visual Performance
Chair: R. Neumann
Secretary: G. Langhammer
WG Signal Lighting
Chair: L. Schwenkschuster
Secretary: T. Bauckhage
WG Installation
Chair: N. Blomqvist
Secretary: M Grainger
WG Strategy
Chair: W. HuhnCo. chairs: P-H Matha, R Neumann
Secretary: D Puglisi
WG Photometry
Chair: D. Kooss
Secretary: W. van Laarhoven
TF Conformity of Production
Chair: M Pernkopf
Secretary: W. van Laarhoven
TF Vehicle Level Laboratory Testing Procedure
Chair: G Draper
Secretary: T Reiners
To continually strive to be the partner of choice of governmental regulatory bodies and to work with them to develop and maintain high quality, performance based, technology neutral, globally harmonised technical requirements.
GTB Mission Statement
6
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s
Regulation - 1st entry into force
1 Headlamp 1960
2 R2 Light Source 1960
3 Retro-Reflector 1963
4 Rear- Registration Plate Lamp 1964
5 Sealed Beam Headlamp 1967
6 Direction Indicators 1967
7 Position & Stop lamps 1967
8 Halogen Headlamps 1967
Regulation - 1st entry into force
10 EMC 1970
19 Front Foglamps 1971
20 H4 Headlamps 1971
23 Reversing Lamps 1971
27 Advance Warning Triangle 1972
31 Halogen Sealed Beam Headlamp 1975
37 Light-Sources 1978
38 Rear foglamp 1978
Regulation - 1st entry into force
45 Headlamp Cleaners 1981
48 Installation 1982
50 Signal lighting devices for Cat 1 Motorcycles 1982
53 Installation - Category L3 1982
56 Headlamps for Mopeds 1983
57 Headlamps for Motorcycles 1983
65 Special Warning Lamps 1986
69 Rear Marking Plates for slow moving vehicles 1987
70 Rear Marking Plates for heavy & long vehicles 1987
72 Motorcycle halogen headlamps 1988
74 Installation - Category L1 1988
76 Headlamps for Mopeds driving & passing beam 1988
77 Parking Lamps 1988
82 Halogen headlamps for Mopeds 1989
Regulation - 1st entry into force
87 Daytime Running Lamps 1990
88 Retro-reflective tyres 1991
91 Side-marker lamps 1993
98 Gas discharge headlamps 1996
99 Gas discharge light-sources 1996
Regulation - 1st entry into force
112 Asymmetrical Passing beam / Driving beam headlamps 2001
113 Symmetrical Passing beam / Driving beam headlamps 2001
119 Cornering lamps 2005
123 Adaptive front-lighting systems 2007
Regulation - 1st entry into force
128 LED Light-sources 2012
0 International Whole Vehicle Type Approval (IWVTA) 2018
148 Simplified Regulation - Light-signalling devices 2019
149 Simplified Regulation - Road Illumination devices 2019
150 Simplified Regulation - Retro-reflective devices 2019
UNECE HISTORY OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT
Conventional (Static) Lighting and light-signalling technologies
2007 - Adaptive Lighting Systems (ADB 2010)
2012 - “LED” Lighting SystemsProgress of Innovation
7
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
EVOLUTION - FROM EURO-CENTRIC TO GLOBAL
UNECE Working Party on Construction of Vehicles (Europe)
World Forum on Harmonisation of Vehicle
Regulation (WP.29)
(Global Technical Regulations)(38 Contracting Parties)
0 Lighting & Signalling GTR’s
Road Safety
Environmental Protection
Trade
Technical requirements followed by 53 contracting parties and other countries including China, India, Korea. NOT recognised by the USA
Contracting parties include China and USA
(Reciprocal Acceptance of Type Approval)(53 Contracting Parties)
41 Lighting & Signalling Regulations (2012)
UN 1998 AgreementUN 1958 Agreement
8
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
EVOLUTION – SIMPLIFICATION OF THE UN REGULATIONS
2012 EU and Japan - initiative at WP.29
➢ reduce the administrative burden➢ reduce the need for continual amendment by
transforming regulations to be performance based and technology neutral
The Reaction
o GTB proposed an approach to simplify the UN Regulations (WP.29 Meeting June 2012)
o GRE Established an informal working group (IWG-SLR) (September 2014)
o 32 Sessions of GRE IWG-SLR September 2014 to September 2019
o GTB is the main contributor of technical proposals and provides the secretariat
This initiative created the basis for removing barriers to innovation
9
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REGULATIONS
STAGE 1“Editorial simplification”
STAGE 2“Performance based / Technology neutral”
REWRITE THE NEW REGULATIONS WITH UPDATED PERFORMANCE BASED TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS SUITABLE FOR THE FUTURE
REDUCE 41 UN REGULATIONS TO 14 REGULATIONS + 1 RESOLUTION
Provide a structure that limits to a minimum the number of parallel amendments necessary to achieve a regulatory change
Reduce the number of active/non-frozen regulations
Reduce the administrative burden (caused by maintenance of Regulations) on the Contracting Parties, the UNECE secretariat (and associated UN services) and the affected industrial sector
Reduce ambiguity in the provisions to provide consistent interpretation
Define the essential requirements in performance (technology neutral) terms to provide opportunities for innovation
Determine whether the current regulatory text presents barriers to innovation and whether safety considerations are addressed
Develop, as far as possible, performance-based and technology-neutral requirements to ensure freedom for technical innovation within a framework of safety principles
10
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REGULATIONS – The GRE SLR Working Group
Initiative of the European Commission and Japan to reduce the administrative burden
of regular amendments to the UN Regulations (WP29 156th session). GTB Response at
WP29 157th session
March 2012
Formation of GRE Informal Working Group on Simplification of
Regulations (IWG – SLR)September 2014
IWG-SLR Drafts a detailed 2 Stage Plan
➢ Following the GTB Proposal at WP29 157th session (2012)
➢Adopted by GRE – April 2016 and WP29 – June 2016
January 2016
December 2017 Stage 1 Simplification Proposals to GRE for adoption
January 2018 Stage 2 Activity launched in Shenzhen China
October 2018GRE adopts the stage1 simplification documents and
forwards to WP.29 for its March 2019 session.
July 2018 IWG-SLR starts detailed study of GTB proposals for Stage 2
2019
32 meetings so far
GRE IWG-SLR Experts at 22nd SessionShenzhen, China, January 2018
11
Stage 1 enters into force November 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE UN REGULATIONS – STAGE 1
Structure of UN lighting Regulations after Stage 1
12345678192023273138505657697072767780879198104112113119123
31
UN
Dev
ice
Reg
ula
tio
ns
NEW UN REGULATIONSUN R148 “Light Signalling Devices”UN R149 “Road Illumination Devices”UN R150 “Retro-Reflective Devices”
INSTALLATIONR-48, R-53, R-74, R-86
LIGHT SOURCESR-37, R-99, R-128(Simplified structure with reference to a Resolution, R.E.5)
VARIOUSR-10, R-45, R-65, R-88
ONLY14 Live
Regulations
Entry into force – November 2019
12
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
STAGE 2
The overarching objective is to update and harmonize the technical requirements for
lighting and light-signalling to be suitable for global implementation under the 1958 and
1998 Agreements.
STAGE 2
STEP 1
Revise the technical requirements of the new LSD, RID and RRD UN Regulations, to
become technology neutral with performance-based and objective test requirements
taking into account glare and visibility.
Amendments will also be required to the installation UN Regulations taking into account
the work of IWG-VGL.
Informal submission to the eighty-second session of GRE October 2019
Final consideration at the eighty-third session of GRE April 2020
Adoption by WP.29 November 2020
STAGE 2
STEP 2
Simplify and update the technical requirements of the UN installation Regulations
(Nos. 48, 53, 74, 86), to become technology neutral with performance-based and
objective test requirements
Informal submission to the eighty-sixth session of GRE October 2021
Final consideration at the eighty-seventh session of GRE April 2022
Adoption by WP.29 November 2022
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE REGULATIONS - STAGE 2
Work plan and time schedule for “Stage 2”STAGE 2 = SIMPLIFIED REGULATIONS with technology neutral and performance-based requirements
Device Regulations
Installation RegulationsIssues: Apparent surface / single lamp definition
13
Remove subjective
assessment
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
FROM DEVICE TO SYSTEM- BASED REGULATION”
2007Adaptive Passing Beam System (AFS)
2012LED Headlamp
2017 / 2019Simplified Light-Source Regulation + Resolution
3 New Device Regulations
2018 / 2022Technology Neutral / Performance Based Regulations
3 Device Regulations (LSD / RID / RRD) + 4 Installation Regulations
2020 -2025? Development of Technical Requirements for Adaptive Lighting Systems
❖ Regulatory System to encourage innovation and improved lighting and signalling performance
❖ Regulated Requirements for minimum performance for safety
❖ Combination with NCAP systems to stimulate competition to offer improved performance
2010Adaptive Driving Beam
14
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
PROSPECT: 2022 -2030
Conventional device technologies for• Road illumination• Light signalling and retro-
reflectors• Lighting for sensors• Comfort lighting
• Based upon existing balance of glare and visibility
• Updated photometric performance requirements
Adaptive road illumination system
technologies
Technology NeutralPerformance Based technical requirements at vehicle level
Critical Question:How to transform these technical requirements
into Globally Harmonised Regulation?
Requires a new system-level approach
TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO REGULATION
• Installation requirements • List of allowed devices• Mandatory / optional installation
1
2
15
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
GLOBAL HARMONISATION
“DRIVING VISION NEWS” WORKSHOP - REGULATORY SESSIONSTO BUILD CONSENSUS TO DEVELOP GLOBAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS (GTR’S)
15 Sessions 2012-2019
16
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
➢ It is time to start working on globally
harmonised technical Regulations
➢ Globally harmonised technical requirements
shall be the future basis for lighting and light-
signalling regulation.
➢ New technologies need to have globally
harmonised technical requirements available
for application in all markets
➢ Concerns about committing resources to this
major task because of the previous failed
attempts.
Consensus following DVN Workshop Tokyo – June 2018
Participants• Korean vehicle manufacturers• Japanese Automobile Parts Industry Association (JAPIA)• India (ARAI)• Chinese Lighting manufacturer• Japanese Automotive Manufacturers Association (JAMA)• Japanese Government (MLIT and Chair of WP29- AC3 (Administrative
Committee for the UN 1998 Agreement)• UNECE - GRE Chair• GRE Chairman
Written statements from:• China (CATARC)• American Automotive Policy Council (representing Fiat Chrysler
Automobile, Ford Motor Company and General Motors Company)• The European Commission
GLOBAL HARMONISATION
17
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
GOVERNMENT CONSENSUS TO DEVELOP GLOBALLY HARMONISED TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Potential Primary Stakeholders
GRE NGO’s
CLEPA/MEMA/JAPIA, GTB, IEC, IMMA, OICA,SAE
CP’s of 1998 Agreement at GRE
China, EU, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, USA
▪ Regular item on the GRE agenda
▪ GTR’s for adaptive road illumination systems and their installation
➢ THE important and likely topic.
▪ No Progress will be made without a commitment from the USA
Status of Discussion with CP’s
CP’s = Contracting Parties to UNECE 1958 and 1998 AgreementsNGO’s = Non Governmental Organisations
18
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
CURRENT CHALLENGES
Complete the simplification of the UN Regulations
China is simplifying the GB Standards in line with the UN technical requirements
USA FMVSS108 is “out of step” with innovation
New developments, e.g. Digital lighting for projection of driver assistance features onto the road surface
Comfort lighting around the vehicle – How to Regulate?
New opportunities for vehicle design freedom (e.g. “long /thin headlamps –new signal lighting arrangements)
Light signals for autonomous vehicles
Lighting for sensors
Currently on course for completion in 2022
Ongoing Synchronisation is an issue due to 5 year time-lag to amend the GB standards
This is a major obstacle to global harmonisation
How to convince regulators that there is no safety disbenefit?
Need careful assessment of the impact of high luminance to vulnerable road users
Following a GTB proposal WP.29 and WP.1 are working to decide whether such signals are required.
GTB has created a taskforce to study the requirements
19
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
VISION TO 2030
➢ Ageing population
➢ Mega cities
• Need a new way to define minimum safety requirements using a performance based approach translated into objective measurement systems
• Major research required to demonstrate no safety disbenefits.
• Is it time to specify maximum luminance of lighting systems?
• Should the minimum safety requirements be based upon worst case, i.e. the ageing population?
DEVELOPMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED
• Adaptive road illumination systems
• Adaptive signalling systems
• Projection of driver assistance features on the road surface
• New vehicle styling and driver comfort features
• Vehicle levelling / Headlamp and sensor cleaning
• Autonomous vehicles – lighting for sensors and human / vehicle interaction
DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES
20
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
ADAPTIVE LED MATRIX SYSTEMS FOR ROAD ILLUMINATION - GREAT OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNOVATION
Need a new regulatory approach
Encourage improved forward visibility for the driverImproved glare control to other road users
Totally technology neutral / performance based requirements
Specify minimum visibility /maximum glare for safety In terms of:• the position on the road of the 3.0 isolux line • maximum illuminance on the eyes of the opposing driver
No cutoff / levelling requirements
Translate the “on road” photometric requirements into spherical coordinate test positions.Luminous intensity requirements that can be measured in the 25m laboratory.
Vehicle Level Laboratory Test Procedure
To validate the compliance of the adaptive beam system in terms of glare to oncoming drivers.
Objective testing to replace the current subjective evaluation or “on-road” photometry
Combine with NCAP systems To encourage manufacturers to exceed minimum safety levels
21
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
VEHICLE LEVEL LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURE – Adaptive Road Illumination Systems
GTB VLLTP Taskforce Workshop (July 2019)
Photometric assessment in
laboratory
Vehicle system characteristics (Vehicle model
specific)
22
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
THE NEED FOR RESEARCH
Vehicle level performance requirements
No cutoff requirementsNo levelling requirementsTechnology neutral
Manufacturer selects technology to satisfy minimum legal safety requirements
Manufacturer can elect to provide superior performance to improved NCAP ratings
ADAPTIVE MATRIX ROAD ILLUMINATION SYSTEMS
❖ Determine minimum safety requirements
❖ How far does a driver need to see along the road (minimum visibility isolux line) ➢ With and without opposing glare
❖ Maximum illuminance at drivers eyes for acceptable glare
❖ How to take account of the needs of the ageing population in terms of glare and visibility limits
23
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
Perspective view based upon driver’s eye height of 1150mm
Glare zones according to the dynamic traffic geometry
Minimum road surface illumination based upon a 3.0 isolux line on a horizontal plane 25cm above the road surface (CIE TC4-45)
Regulatory Approach for Adaptive Systems
Minimum range of the 3.0 lux line along the kerb
(100m = minimum stopping distance at
100km/hour?)
Road illumination isolux boundaries to be defined and transformed into a matrix of spherical coordinates and luminous intensities
24
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO?
➢Create and continuously update our vision for regulatory needs to support innovation
➢Contribute to the work of GRE to deliver the whole simplification programme by 2022
➢Develop proposals to amend the technical requirements, supported with independent research by globally reputed institutes
➢Promote the significant safety advantages of the new adaptive technologies to increase public awareness
➢ Lobby to build a consensus, among the Contracting Parties to the 1998 agreement, to develop GTR’s with political commitment to implement in national legislation
25
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, Darmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
67 years and counting!
Regulation,
Innovation and GTB
International Symposium on Automotive LightingDarmstadt, 23-25 September, 2019
Thank you for your attention