Regulating the cell cycle
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Transcript of Regulating the cell cycle
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REGULATING THE CELL CYCLE
Honors Biology Chapter10 Section 3SC B-2.7: Summarize how cell regulation controls & coordinates cell growth & division & allows cells to respond to the environment, and recognize the consequences of uncontrolled cell division
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Essential Question
How does cancer happen?
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Cell Cultures
Cells in a petri dish with appropriate nutrients will continue to grow until they come in contact with other cells: called
Contact Inhibition
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Contact Inhibition
similar controls in body occurs in wound healing
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Checkpoints G1 checks:1. do both daughter
cells have intact nuclei
2. does the cell have what it needs for S phase
G2 checks:1. did replication
of DNA have any major mistakes
2. is this cell ready for M phase
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Apoptosis
if either checkpoint finds the cell having major defects process of programmed cell death will be triggered
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Cell Cycle & Its Regulators
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Cell Cycle Regulators: Cyclins regulators are cell proteins
(cyclins) regulate timing of cell cycle in
eukaryotic cells dozens other proteins since
discovered1. Internal Regulators2. External Regulators
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Internal Regulators
proteins that respond to events inside the cell
allow cell cycle to proceed once certain processes have been completed inside cell
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External Regulators
proteins that respond to events outside cell
direct rate of cell division most important ones:
Growth Factors important in embryonic
development also used in wound healing
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Tumors
can be:1. Benign ( ”kind”)
normal cells will not spread/kill organism
2. Malignant ( “mal”= evil ) cells abnormal will spread locally or systemically
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Uncontrolled Cell Division Cancer
cancer: disorder in which some of an organisms cells have lost ability to control growth
Cancer cells do not respond to signals that regulate cell division
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Cancer Cells have Loss of Contact Inhibition
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Causes of Loss of Control??? appears to have many causes:
carcinogenssome affect internal regulators, some external regulators
defect in gene p53
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Carcinogens
Nicotine Viruses
Hepatitis Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Bovine Papilloma Virus Tobacco Virus
Radiation some Chemicals
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CANCER CELLS
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Skin Cells
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Stomach Cells
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HeLa Cells
Henrietta Lacks died of cervical cancer in Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD in 1950’s
Biopsies of her cervix taken to researchers @Johns Hopkins where they were cultured & they are still growing!
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HeLa Cells
used in multiple medical areas: development of Polio Vaccine trip to the moon : What is the effect of
weightlessness on rate of cell growth/division ?
cell cloning gene mapping hybrid cell lines
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