Regoverning Agrifood Markets in CEEC – Poland’s Pork and Apple Markets Jerzy Wilkin, Malgorzata...
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Transcript of Regoverning Agrifood Markets in CEEC – Poland’s Pork and Apple Markets Jerzy Wilkin, Malgorzata...
![Page 1: Regoverning Agrifood Markets in CEEC – Poland’s Pork and Apple Markets Jerzy Wilkin, Malgorzata Juchniewicz and Dominika Milczarek.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082414/56649eb25503460f94bb81f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regoverning Agrifood Markets in CEEC –
Poland’s Pork and Apple Markets
Jerzy Wilkin, Malgorzata Juchniewicz and Dominika Milczarek
![Page 2: Regoverning Agrifood Markets in CEEC – Poland’s Pork and Apple Markets Jerzy Wilkin, Malgorzata Juchniewicz and Dominika Milczarek.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082414/56649eb25503460f94bb81f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Introduction
Goal of the research: Links between producers, the processing
sector and distribution networks. Position of small producers, their
possibilities of self-organization and public support.
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3
Introduction
Example of two important food products in Poland: pork and apples. The 4th largest producer of pork, One of the largest producers of apples in
the EU, A significant exporter of both products,
especially for UE market.
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Inheritance of Former System
Private farmers dominated production sector,
Fruit and meat-processing plants belonged to so-called socialized sector,
Distribution networks consisted both of private and socialized sector.
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Transition Period
Dramatic collapse of cooperatives, A weaker position of farms and an
increased competition between them, Market-oriented producers started to
intensify production and to modernize their farms.
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Transition Period
Distribution networks: A booming development of local market
places at the beginning of 1990, An increase in the number of alimentary
shops, Fast development of super- and
hypermarket chains.
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Transition Period
Food-processing sector Meat market:
Privatization and modernization of meat-processing industry,
A concentration process in procurement and processing.
Apple market: An emergence of many small processing
plants due to growing home demand for processed fruits and vegetables.
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Current Situation – Meat Market
A growing structural asymmetry on the meat market:
On both ends of food chain - numerous groups of actors, i.e.: 1.1 million of producers and 12 million of households.
In the middle - processing plants and traders characterized by a growing level of concentration. In some regions food processors or
procurement companies have quasi-monopolistic positions.
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Current Situation – Apple Market
Fruit market can be characterized by: a high level of fragmentation and
competition (both between producers, brokers and processing companies),
highly fluctuating supply and prices, a low level of organization, high transaction costs.
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Current Situation – Apple Market
Production structure: Apple production is concentrated in
small and medium farms (5-15 ha), Only 10% of farmers possessing
orchards specialize in apple production Due to prices and supply fluctuations.
Average size of an orchard - ca 0.86 ha.
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1.2%2.5%3.4%
7.9%
18.8%
13.3%
9.2%
15.6%
27.5%
0.4%0.2%0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0 - 1 ha 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 20 20 – 30 30 – 50 50 -100
over100 ha
Share of farms having an orchard according to farm area
Source: on basis of PSR 2002 data
(in % of total number of farms with an orchard)
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Current Situation – Apple Market
Fruit-processing sector: Utilizes around 60% of fruit crops; There are around 1300 fruit and
vegetable-processing companies, Majority (90%) of them are small, Most of them located in the central
Poland, An increase in production of processed
fruits and a lower dynamics of demand at domestic market lower prices and emergence of a group of effective processing companies.
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Current Situation – Apple Market
1990/1991 1995/1996 1999/2000 2000/2001
World production
480.5 618.5 632.7 677.0
Production in Poland
80.3 82.0 110.0 160.0
Share of Polish
production
16.7% 13.3% 17.3% 23.6%
Share of Polish production of apple extract in the world production (in thousand tones)
Source: Ozimek 2002, p.17
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Current Situation – Apple Market
Distribution network: High level of dispersion of wholesale and
retail trade: Around 3800 companies, Small wholesale companies deliver fruits
mainly to processing companies and to local market places.
Super and hyper-market chains
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Results of Preliminary Survey
The most important problems for producers are: problems with marketing of their products
and fluctuation of prices.
The smaller farmers, not associated in any producers’ group tend to perceive their situation as difficult: because of lack of capital necessary for
investment and a lack of influence on the market.
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Results of Preliminary Survey
All interviewed persons agreed that small farmers, not associated in any producers’ group or cooperative have no chances to survive and to develop.
Therefore: why such a weak cooperation between farmers?
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Results of Preliminary Survey
Contracts: Pig producers having multi-year
contracts with meat processor – ca. 10% higher price.
Majority of fruit producers have no written contracts Larger producers and producer groups
sell directly to large retail stores. Usually, they have short-term written
contracts.
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Conclusions Polish agriculture is still dominated by small
producers. Their position is weakening year by year. The largest problems are:
Poor institutionalization, especially in the area of self-organization,
And very limited access to modern knowledge and technology.
Thousands of farms reduce their ties with the market.
There is a lack of well-defined and efficient public support for small producers.
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Further Research Identifying obstacles in forming
producers groups and cooperatives. Analysis of contracting arrangements
between main elements of food economy. Analysis of the impact of EU
enlargement. Who benefits most from European
integration? Better description of the impact of big
retail chains on other parts of food economy.
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Production
2 433 941 t 166 400 ha
(private farmers: 2 379 000 t)
Export (direct and wholesale) 246 000 t
(ca 10% of production)
Processing
1 300 000 t (ca 50% of prod.)
Consumption
ca 780 000 t
Import
21 600 t
Consumption from own production ca 285 000 t
(ca 15% of prod.)
Storage loss and use within farm
ca. 120 000 t (ca 5% of prod.)
Production level = ca 2 434 000 t Wholesale level = ca 1 000 000 t Retail level = ca 500 000 t
Wholesalers and wholesale markets 792 600 t
Modern and traditional retail
store formats
Market places
Super and hyper-markets
chains (ca 20% of consump.)
Source: own calculations and estimates on basis on data from IERiGŻ, GUS and COBRO.
Total fresh sale from domestic production
ca 485 000 t (ca 20% of prod.)
ca 35% of consump.
ca 45% of consump.
Vertical Flow of Apples in Poland in 2001